SIDOARJO MUD FLOW[A ONE WORLD Presentation]

BY: KELLY HALIM

INTRODUCTION | oilOil was formed by aquatic plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. The remains were covered by layers of mud over the years, which made heat and pressure that causes the remains to turn to what we call crude oil (Energy and Kids). Crude oil is the oil you get straight from the ground. More energy will be needed because the world’s population is increasing each day. Oil is very efficient because little is needed to produce a good amount of energy. (Ms Tracey)

(Picture: ETF Trends)

Geologists are the ones responsible for finding oil. There are a lot of methods to finding oil but the most common way is by using seismology. By using that method, the geologists would create shock waves that pass through hidden rock layers and they would interpret the waves that are reflected back to the surface (HowStuffWorks-Oil). Once the oil is located and the land has been prepared, drilling is required to retrieve the oil. A cellar is then dug around the actual location of the drilling hole. A cellar is a rectangular pit that provides a work space around the hole for the workers and the drilling accessories/equipment. An equipment called a ‘rig’ is needed to pump the oil out (How Oil Drilling Works).

INTRODUCTION | Drilling

(Picture: Pixabay)

Benefits

• Oil is very efficient as very little is needed to produce a large amount of energy and it doesn’t cost that much money (Power Up: Energy City).

• Crude oil can be used to produce refinery gases (bottled gas), petrol (fuel for cars), diesel (fuel for cars, trucks and buses), kerosene (aircraft fuel), naphtha (used when making chemicals) and residue (used as bitumen for roads and roofs) (BBC Bitesize).

Limitations

• Oil is a non-renewable resource which means it will run out sometime in the future. (Power Up: Energy City)

• When crude oil is burnt, it releases water vapor, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide which can be harmful to the environment. Sulfur dioxide is the main cause of acid rain (BBC Bitesize).

• Drilling at the wrong spot may trigger a mud volcano to erupt. Villages, cities and homes around the area would probably be affected and it would cost millions of dollars to repair the damage and to pay medical fees for those affected.

the disaster | Mud FlowThe Lusi mud volcano in Sidoarjo, East Java erupted on May, 2006. Scientist believe that the eruption was triggered by an oil and gas company, Lapindo., who drilled the ground in attempt to retrieve oil. Richard Davies, director of the Durham Energy Institute and co-author of a new paper in the journal Marine and Petroleum Geology quoted this; “The disaster was caused by pulling the drill string and drill bit out of the hole while the hole was unstable. This triggered a very large ‘kick’ in the well, where there is a large influx of water and gas from surrounding rock formations that could not be controlled.” (WiredScience). A total of 12 villages around Sidoarjo had been partially or fully affected by the eruption. Scientists say that it is likely for the volcano to continue erupting for another 26 years after the first explosion in 2006 (BBC News).

(Pictures: National Geographic)

Interesting facts

• A total of 12 villages were affected by the mud volcano. Two villages, Kedungbendo and Renokenongo, are completely flooded, the other 10 are partially affected (Lumpur Lapindo: Two Years On).

• Since the first explosion in 2006, the Lusi mud volcano has pumped out 100,000 tons of mud each day (WiredScience).

• The disaster left around 13,000 families homeless (BBC News).

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• "Cartoon Drill Nodding Donkey Well Oil Rig." Cartoon, Drill, Nodding, Donkey, Well. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013. <http://pixabay.com/en/cartoon-drill-nodding-donkey-well-29956/>.

• "ETFs to Hedge or Profit from Higher Oil Prices." ETF Trends. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013. <http://www.etftrends.com/2012/06/etfs-to-hedge-or-profit-from-higher-oil-prices/>.

• BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 07 Feb. 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa/crudeoil/hydrocarbonsact.shtml>.

• "Sidoarjo Mud Flow." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 02 July 2013. Web. 07 Feb. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidoarjo_mud_flow>.

• Kinver, Mark. "Indonesian Mud Volcano Flow 'to Last 26 Years'" BBC News. BBC, 25 Feb. 2011. Web. 07 Feb. 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12567163>.

• Geographic, Photograph By John Stanmeyer, National. "Pictures: Deadly Mud Volcano to Erupt for 26 More Years." National Geographic. National Geographic Society, 04 Mar. 2011. Web. 07 Feb. 2013. <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/03/pictures/110304-mud-volcano-indonesia-java-erupt-26-years/>.

• "Power Up : Energy City." Power Up : Energy City. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://www.rigb.org/insideout/energy/power_up/cityscape.html>.

• "Mud Volcano Was Man-Made, New Evidence Confirms." Wired.com. Conde Nast Digital, 09 Feb. 0010. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/02/mudvolcano/>.

• "Lumpur Lapindo, Two Years on." Oilwatch-sea.org. Oilwatch SouthEast Asia, n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. <http://oilwatch-sea.org/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=186>.

• "How Oil Drilling Works." How Oil Drilling Works. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. <http://www.encapgroup.com/drilling/>.

• Ms. Tracey Jani

Bibliography | Works cited