Sig Pertambangan Gis Introduction Arcgis & Mapinfo

8/10/2019 Sig Pertambangan Gis Introduction Arcgis & Mapinfo

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SIG Pertambangan(Theory of Spatial Analysis : Introduction .....)

Oleh :

Irvani

Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

SKS, Penilaian & Kehadiran :

Banyaknya SKS = 2 SKS (Teori)

Penilaian :

- Absensi 10%

- Tugas 20%

- Teori (UTS & UAS) 70%

Kehadiran minimal 75% dari 14x perkualiahan



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Referensi :


Bonham-Carter, G.F. (1994) Geographic Information System for Geoscientists: Modellingwith GIS. Delta Print ing , Ontario, 398 p.

Harris, J.R. (ed) (2006) GIS For The Earth Sciences. GAC Special Paper 44, Geological

Associati on of Can ada, 616 p.

de By, R.A. (ed) (2000) Principles of Geographic Information Systems. ITC educationalTexbook Series, Netherlands.

Huisman, O. And de By, R.A. (2009) Principles of Geographic Information Systems. ITC

educational Texbook Series, Netherlands.

Mitchel, A. (1999) The ESRI guide to GIS Analysis. Volume 1: Geographic patterns &Relationships, ESRI Press, 186 pp.

Kennedy, H. (ed) (2001) Dictionary of GIS terminolog y. ESRI Press, Redlands, 116 p.

Longley, P.A., Goodchild, M.F., Maguire, D.J. and Rhind, D.W. (2001) Geographic

Informati on Systems and Science. John Wiley & Sons, 454 pp.

Maguir e, D. J., Goodch ild, M. F., and Rhind, D. W. (eds) (1991) Geographical in formati onsystems: principles and applications, Longman.

Zeiler, M. (1999) Modeling Our Wor ld: the ESRI Guide to Geodatabase Design. ESRI Press,

Redlands, 198 p.

ESRI Homepage ( http://esri.com /index.html ) : understand ing GIS, industry applicati ons,

user conference, virtual campus, ESRI Press books

Materi/Pokok Bahasan

I Pendahuluan (P.1)

II Overview of GIS (P.2)

III Map Projection andCoordinate System (P.3-4)

IV GIS for Geoscience (P.5)

V GIS Database (P.6)

VI Theory of Spatial Analysis (P.7-9)

a. Metode AHP

b. Principle Steps

in GIS Spatial

c. GIS ProcessingVII Introduction to ArcGIS or

MapInfo (P.10) (Option)

VIII Case Studies/Latihan (P.11-14)



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State-of-the-Art GIS:

Introduction to ArcGIS

Chapter 2

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Mobile/Field

Capture

Mobile

Devices

Web

publisher

GIS ExtensionsDesktop

GIS

Data ExplorerGIS Desktops

Reader software

Clients

Java Viewer

HTML Viewer

Developer Tools

GIS Servers

RDBMS

Database

connector

Development

kits

State-of-the-Art GIS siceearly 2000s


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STATE-OF-THE-ART

GIS AS INFRASTRUCTURE

Virtual Globes

ArcGIS ExplorerGoogle EarthVirtual Earth

Desktop GIS

ArcInfoArcEditorArcViewArcReader

Server GISArcGIS ServerPortal Toolkit

Mobile GISPC, PDAPhone

Network

DBMSFilesXMLGeodatabases

SEVERAL GIS SOFTWARE

Commercial:

ESRI http://www.esri.com

Intergraph http://www.intergraph.com

Autodesk http://www.autodesk.com

Non-commercial/academic:

Clark Labs (Clark University)

http://www.clarklabs.org

USGS Grass - http://grass.fbk.eu/intro/general.php

Ilwis: www.ilwis.org


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INTRODUCTION TO GIS SOFTWARE

(ESP. ARCGIS)

Acknowledgement: Most of the slides in this presentation are either from

Dr Francisco Olivera (TAMU) or Dr David Maidment (UT, Austin)

INTRODUCTION TO GIS

SOFTWARE

How data are stored in ArcGIS

Components of ArcGIS ArcMap,

ArcCatalog and ArcToolbox GIS on the Web ArcGIS Server,

ArcIMS, Google Earth.

Extensions of ArcGIS spatial analyst,

geostatistical analyst and 3D analyst


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ESRI GIS DEVELOPMENT

Arc/Info (coverage model)

Versions 1-7 from 1980 1999

Arc Macro Language (AML)

ArcView (shapefile model)

Versions 1-3 from 1994 1999

Avenue scripting language

ArcGIS (geodatabase model)

Version 8.0, , 9.3 from 2000

Visual Basic for Applications

160,000 licenses

1,200,000 users as of 2004

GEOGRAPHIC DATA

MODELS

All geographic information systems are built using formal

models that describe how things are located in space. A

formal model is an abstract and well-defined system of

concepts. A geographic data model defines the vocabulary

for describing and reasoning about the things that are

located on the earth. Geographic data models serve as the

foundation on which all geographic information systems

are built.

Scott Morehouse, Preface to Modeling our World


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DATA MODELS

A geographic data

model is a structure

for organizing

geospatial data so that

it can be easily stored

and retrieved.

Geographic coordinates

Tabular attributes

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Different types of data model supported by ArcGIS :

1. File-based models :coverages, shapefiles, etc.

2. Geodatabase model:high-level geographic data modelusing standard RDBMS


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FILE-BASED DATA MODELS

Coverages Developed for

workstation Arc/Info

~ 1980 Complex structure,

proprietary format

Attributes in Infotables

Shapefiles

Developed for

ArcView ~ 1993

Simpler structure

in public domain

Attributes in

dBase (.dbf)

Geographic coordinates and attributes

are stored in separate but linked files

ArcInfo

Storing Data

Coverages Shapefiles

Texas

Counties

Evap

Info

Texas

Counties.shp

Counties.shx

Counties.dbf

Evap.shp

Evap.shx

Evap.dbf


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STORING DATA Coverages and Shapefiles Coverages are stored partially in their own

folder and partially in the common INFO folder.Shapefiles are stored in three to five files (withextensions .shp, .shx, .dbf, .sbx and .sbn).

Coverages store common boundaries betweenpolygons only once, to avoid redundancy.Shapefiles store all the geometry of eachpolygon regardless of redundancy.

Coverage features are single lines or singlepolygons. Shapefiles allow features to havemultiple, disconnected, intersecting andoverlapping components.

GEODATABASE AND FEATURE

DATASET

A geodatabase is a relational database that

stores geographic information.

A feature dataset is a collection of feature

classes that share the same spatial

reference frame.


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Geodatabase

Relational database

Stores geographic coordinates as one

attribute (shape) in a relational

database table

Personal Geodatabase: small size(


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OBJECT CLASS An object class is a collection

of objects in tabular format

that have the same behavior

and the same attributes.

An object class is a table that has a unique identifier (ObjectID)

for each record

FEATURE CLASS

A featureclass is acollection of

geographicobjects intabular formatthat have thesamebehavior andthe sameattributes.

Feature Class = Object class + spatial coordinates


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RELATIONSHIP

A relationship is an association orlink between two objects in adatabase.

A relationship can exist betweenspatial objects (features in feature

classes), non-spatial objects (objectsin object classes), or between spatialand non-spatial objects.

RELATIONSHIP

Relationship between non-spatial objects

Water

QualityData

Water

Quality

Parameters


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RELATIONSHIPRelationship between spatial and non-spatial objects

Water quality data

(non-spatial)

Measurement station

(spatial)

NETWORK

A network is a set ofedges (lines) andjunctions (points) thatare topologicallyconnected to each other.

Each edge knows whichjunctions are at itsendpoints

Eachjunction knowswhich edges it connectsto


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INTRODUCTION TO GIS

SOFTWARE



ArcCatalog and ArcToolbox

GIS on the Web ArcGIS Server, ArcIMS,

Google Earth.

Extensions of ArcGIS spatial analyst,geostatistical analyst and 3D analyst

ARC MAP

Create maps

View

and

edit

data Analyze data

(Geoprocessing)


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ARC CATALOG

View data

(like Windows Explorer)

Graphical

previews

Metadata

Tables

ARC TOOLBOX

Map Projections

Tools for commonly used tasks


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GEO-PROCESSING

Toolbox tools linked together using the model builder to

automate data processing


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ARC GLOBE

An alternativedisplay to ArcMap

Design to rapidlydisplay image filesand to zoom inrapidly from a global

view to a local view Works on a spherical

earth (notspheroidal)

Our focus


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LEVELS OF ARCGIS

ArcView View data and do edits on

shape files and simple personal

geodatabases

ArcEditor do more complex edits onenterprise geodatabases

ArcInfo the full system, with access to

workstation ArcInfo (i.e. ArcInfo version 7)

as well


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INTRODUCTION TO GIS

SOFTWARE How data are stored in ArcGIS


ArcCatalog and ArcToolbox

GIS on the Web ArcGIS Server, ArcIMS,

Google Earth.

Extensions of ArcGIS spatial analyst,geostatistical analyst and 3D analyst

ARCGIS

ON THE WEB


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GOOGLE EARTH GEOGRAPHIC WEB BROWSER

http://earth.google.com/

GOOGLE EARTH 3D WITH TERRAIN


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Adding data to Google Earth

INTRODUCTION TO GIS

SOFTWARE



ArcCatalog and ArcToolbox GIS on the Web ArcGIS Server,

ArcIMS, Google Earth.

Extensions of ArcGIS spatial analyst,

geostatistical analyst and 3D analyst


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ARCGIS EXTENSIONS

ESRI ONLINE REFERENCE

MATERIALS

http://www.esri.com/library/ Referencematerial and brochures about ESRIproducts

ArcGIS summary:http://www.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/arcgis.pdf

Spatial Analyst summary:http://www.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/spatialanalystbro.pdf

ESRI Virtual Campus providesonline training http://campus.esri.com/


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Several important GIS projects

1. USGS Global GIS Project ( http://http://webgis.wr.usgs.gov/globalgiswebgis.wr.usgs.gov/globalgis// )

2. The National Geologic Map Database Project (NGMDB) : acollaborative project involving the USGS, the Association of AmericanState Geologists, and the Geological Society of Canada( http://http://ncgmp.usgs.gov/ngmdbproject/home.htmlncgmp.usgs.gov/ngmdbproject/home.html )

3. ESRI Data Models :( http://http://esri.com/software/arcgisdatamodels/index.htmlesri.com/software/arcgisdatamodels/index.html )

Geography NetworksGeography Networks(http://(http://www.geographynetwork.comwww.geographynetwork.com//

USGS GeologyUSGS Geology (http://(http://geology.usgs.gov/index.shtmlgeology.usgs.gov/index.shtml))

USGS GEOUSGS GEO--DATA Explorer (GEODE)DATA Explorer (GEODE)(http://(http://geode.usgs.govgeode.usgs.gov/)./).

The Geological Survey of CanadaThe Geological Survey of Canada((http://http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/gsc/index_e.htmlwww.nrcan.gc.ca/gsc/index_e.html))

The British Geological SurveyThe British Geological Survey(http://(http://www.bgs.ac.uk/home.htmlwww.bgs.ac.uk/home.html))

GeoscienceGeoscienceAust raliaAustral ia (http://(http://www.ga.gov.auwww.ga.gov.au))

The Netherlands Institute of AppliedThe Netherlands Institute of Applied GeoscienceGeoscience TNOTNO --National Geological SurveyNational Geological Survey(http://(http://www.nitg.tno.nl/eng/index.shtmlwww.nitg.tno.nl/eng/index.shtml))

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SEVERAL SOURCES FOR FREESPATIAL DATASETS


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Web Resource for Earth Science Datasets

The National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse, Federal GeographicThe National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse, Federal Geographic

Data Committee (Data Committee (http://clearinghouse1.fgdc.gov/)http://clearinghouse1.fgdc.gov/)

The USGS Mineral Resources Program(http://minerals.usgs.gov/)

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GEOSCIENCE AUSTRALIA

(HTTP://WWW.GA.GOV.AUHTTP://WWW.GA.GOV.AU)

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WEB RESOURCES FORGEOPHYSICAL DATA

USGS Geophysical data(http://http://crustal.usgs.gov/crustal/geophysicscrustal.usgs.gov/crustal/geophysics//)

NOAA National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Solid EarthGeophysics - Digital Gravity and Magnetics(http://http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/segd.shtmlwww.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/segd.shtml)

American Geophysical Union (http://www.agu.org/http://www.agu.org/)

Natural Resources Canada, Geophysical Data Centre(http://gdcinfo.agg.emr.ca/gdc/index_e.htmlhttp://gdcinfo.agg.emr.ca/gdc/index_e.html)

Western region geophysical investigations by the GeophysicalUnit of Menlo Park, California (GUMP)(http://http://geology.wr.usgs.gov/docs/gump/gump.htmlgeology.wr.usgs.gov/docs/gump/gump.html)

National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) GeospatialSciences Division (http://http://www.nima.mil/GandGwww.nima.mil/GandG//) 52


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MapInfo digunakan di Indonesia digunakan

pada tahun 1980-an.

MapInfo hadir dengan beberapa interface

yang diimplementasikan dalam berbagai

bentuk : menu, tools, dll.

Keunggulan MapInfo :

1. Dilengkapi interface

2. Menggeser dan merotasikan objek grafis

3. Menyimpan objek dalam table

4. Menentukan batas (table bounds)

5. Merubah skala dan perbesaran6. Memiliki beberapa pola baru (fill&hatch pattern) untukmeningkatkan kualitas tampilan peta dijital

7. Memiliki fasilitas scale pattern untuk menghasilkanprint-out peta dijital berwarna sedekat mungkin dengantampilan softcopy-nya

8. Dapat menentukan resolusi peta dijital sesuai denganresolusi monitor

9. Mampu membuat 3D


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MapInfo menyebut peta dijitalnya (shape,coverage, atau layer sebagai prangkat SIG atauCAD lainnya) sebagai TAB (*.TAB) atauterkadang table.

Workspace dalam MapInfo juga seperti desktopMs.Windows yang muncul pada tampilan layar

pengguna. Pengguna dapat merubahtampilannya dengan mudah dengan caramengeser-geser tampilan objek2 di dalamnya.

Map Window

MapInfo menggunakan terminologi Map

Window untuk merepresentasikan sebuah

objek yang menampung dan menampilkan

objek table yang terdapat di dalamnya.


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Data pasial utama yang digunakan MapInfo menggunakanmodel vektor diimplementasikan sebagai sebuah table.

Data spasial yang diimplemantasikan table ini terdiri dari :

1. *.DAT : file untuk menyimpan data atribut atau table miliksebuah table

2. *.TAB : File utama berisi informasi struktur table, namafield, dan tipe field di dalamnya

3. *.MAP : File berisi informasi geografis yangmendeskripsikan objek2 peta.

4. *.IND : File berisi indeks data yang terdapat dalam tableatribut terkait (*.DAT)

5. *.ID : File berisi indeks data yang terdapat dalam objekgeografis terkait (*.MAP)

Tool-Tool MapInfo

1. Standard Toolbar

Memuat tools dengan fungsi yang umumnya tercakup dalam menu File,

Edit dan Window.


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2. Main Toolbar

Memuat tools untuk melakukan seleksi terhadap objek grafis, mengubah

ukuran tampilan peta, melihat jarak antara objek, dll.

3. Drawing Toolbar

Memuat tools yang digunakan untuk mengedit/ membuat objek

grafis


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Map Windows

Objek grafis dari table ditampilkan dalam

Map Window. Beberapa table bisa

ditampilkan dalam satu Map Window yang

sama, dalam layer yang berbeda.

Browser Window

Gunakan Browser Window untuk melihat

atau mengedit data tabular. Setiap kolom

dari data tabular mengacu pada field yangberbeda. Setiap baris merupakan

informasi yang mengacu pada satu record

atau satu objek grafis (jika ada).


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Graph Window

Dengan Grap Window, data tabular

divisualisasikan dalam bentuk grafik. Ada

berbagai bentuk grafik seperti : bar

graphs, pie graphs, line graphs, dll.

WorkspaceWorkspace merupakan suatu area kerja yang menyimpan

informasi dari map window dengan satu atau beberapa

tabel yang dibuka, browser window dll. Workspace yang

disimpan menempati satu file tersendiri dengan file type.

WOR.


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Layout

Merupakan feature dari MapInfo untuk

membuat satu halaman layout yang

memuat map window, browser window

dan grafik window, text dll.


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3DMap

Peta 3D dapat kita buat dengan bantuan

software MapInfo sehingga menghasilkan

tampilan 3D suatu daerah. Analisis

morfografi atau bentukan lahan bisa

terlihat lebih nyata dan dapat dianalisis

dari berbagai sudut.

Peta 3D


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Edit Peta 3D

MENGOLAH DATA di MapInfo

Source data (Citra satelit, foto udara, peta,

gambar, dll)

Pemberian titik ikat, minimal 3 titik

Digitasi


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Source Data

Contoh :1. Citra satelit

2. Peta


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Pemberian titik ikat


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Sig Pertambangan Gis Introduction Arcgis & Mapinfo