Sigmund Freud (1856-1939 Austria)

The father of psychoanalysis &

psychosexual theory

Freud’s Question: What shapes human personalities and what leads to mental disorders and “unhealthy” behaviors?

3. Adult personality is formed during childhood and shaped by repressed memories

1. During childhood we go through stages in which there is an internal/psychological battle between our id and ego that we must resolve

2. How our parents treat us directly affects how we resolve our “battles”

His answer:

The mind’s battleground: Id, ego, and superego

ego & id

Superego is the mind’s moral compass or “conscience” that judges your actions

•Develops over time as we learn society’s expectations and norms

•Emerges around age 5

superego

Id is the “animal” and “instinct” part of the mind •Humans are born 100% id•Seeks pleasure and instant gratification regardless of the consequences•Drives selfish behaviors •Resides in the unconscious—influences behaviors and dreams

Id is the “animal” and “instinct” part of the mind •Humans are born 100% id•Seeks pleasure and instant gratification regardless of the consequences•Drives selfish behaviors •Resides in the unconscious—influences behaviors and dreams

Ego = conscious (thinking/aware) part of mind•The part of your mind that thinks through choices and looks for the rational decision•Part of mind that tries to keep Id in check to protect you from wrath of superego•Ego = self-identity•Ego develops as one ages and progresses through developmental stages

Visual model of the 3 part’s of the human psyche (mind)

Oral:

To wean or not to wean

Phallic:

Oedipal and Electra complexes

girls get penis envy

boys get castration anxiety

Genital: Old id urges resurface and may impede search for healthy heterosexual relationship

All battles revolve around:•erogenous zone, libido (sexual energy)•Id gets pleasure from libido energy

Child’s interactions with parents affect progress through stage

Child either passes through stage and develops a healthy, ego personality trait OR stays stuck or “fixated” in stage and exhibits id traits

Anal:

To potty train or not to

potty train

Stage 1: OralChild must learn to replace libidinous satisfaction of sucking with new behavior. Parents must not use nipple as way to sooth child.

•If child weans easily, child develops ego trait of independence.•If not, oral fixations (id trait) develop.

Stage 1: OralChild must learn to replace libidinous satisfaction of sucking with new behavior. Parents must not use nipple as way to sooth child.

•If child weans easily, child develops ego trait of independence.•If not, oral fixations (id trait) develop.

Oral fixations include: sarcasm, biting nails, drinking, eating disorders, sucking thumb, smoking

Stage 2:AnalChild must learn to replace control libidinous satisfaction of pooping and peeing. Parents must not punish, humiliate or be too lenient with potty training!

•If child trains easily and with support of parents, child develops ego trait of pride and self-control.•If not, anal fixations develop.

Stage 2:AnalChild must learn to replace control libidinous satisfaction of pooping and peeing. Parents must not punish, humiliate or be too lenient with potty training!

•If child trains easily and with support of parents, child develops ego trait of pride and self-control.•If not, anal fixations develop.

Anal expulsive personality type: overly messy, out of controlAnal retentive personality type: overly controlling, neat freak

Stage 2: PhallicGirl must resolve feelings of penis envy.Boy must resolve castration complex.

Girl must resolve “Electra Complex” – subconscious desire to replace mommy and marry daddy

Boy must resolve “Oedipus Complex” – subconscious desire to replace daddy and marry mommy

IF NOT, boy/girl will harbor feelings of guilt when older and will seek out or create unhealthy heterosexual relationships

Stage 2: PhallicGirl must resolve feelings of penis envy.Boy must resolve castration complex.

Girl must resolve “Electra Complex” – subconscious desire to replace mommy and marry daddy

Boy must resolve “Oedipus Complex” – subconscious desire to replace daddy and marry mommy

IF NOT, boy/girl will harbor feelings of guilt when older and will seek out or create unhealthy heterosexual relationships

Unhealthy behaviors are caused by memories repressed in mind’s unconscious

Repress: to lock away from one’s conscious, to hide thoughts from yourself so that you don’t have to deal with them

Unconscious: •NOT a literal structural part of the brain•The part of the mind that lies under the surface of conscious thoughts

Defense Mechanisms• Egos way of protecting mind from judgment of superego

and to relieve anxiety• Created involuntarily by ego—not consciously!• Can be healthy in short run, but if underlying cause of

defense mechanism is not addressed, leads to unhealthy behaviors

Application of Defense Mechanisms1. Read your “defense mechanisms” handout.2. Take notes on looseleaf about:

• what defense mechs are• why they happen (reality, neurotic, moral anxiety) • how psychoanalysis helps people using them

3.

• You will be turning in your 3 examples

Hypnotism to reach unconscious memories

Psychoanalysis:

lie on the couch and start talking to reveal childhood

source of pain hidden in symbolic thought and

behavioral choices

So, you’re messed up because you followed your id or you never resolved your childhood id vs. ego battles…what now?

Dream analysisUnlock secrets hidden in unconscious by looking at symbolism of dreams; “free association”