Signals & Systems

Big Picture

Administrative RuleØ Attendance is compulsory Automatic system update with

percentage even EXTRA CLASSES is counted for attendanceØ Coverage of 8 units is compulsoryØ IA 1 – 3 units , IA2 -3 units , IA3- 2 unitsØ Complete lesson plan is available ( Google groups)

Course PlanEvery individual has to solve assignment in the form of groups(VIMP)Different level of assignment( To enhance intuition Based learning, Blooms Taxonomy(25)) Good performance in assignment & class has extra benefitsResource sharing /Assignment is through Google GroupsInformation broadcasting is through (E-sms)Recap in every class (by students)Matlab tool is used to enhance understanding in case of diffuclties

Applications of Signals and SystemsPrerequisite to other courses & Career plans

Fall 2002

Application AreasControl (control system)Communications (AC & DC)Signal Processing(DSP)Many more others…………GATE ,IES Many more competitive exams (Carrier option)

Control ApplicationsIndustrial control and automation (Control the velocity or position of an object)Examples: Controlling the position of a valve or shaft of a motorImportant Tools:

Time-domain solution of differential equations

Transfer function (Laplace Transform)

Stability

Communication ApplicationsTransmission of information (signal) over a channelThe channel may be free space, coaxial cable, fiber optic cableA key component of transmission: Modulation (Analog and Digital Communication)

ModulationAnalog Modulation: Transmitting audio signals.

Advantage: Higher frequency range good propagation

XX ( t )

L o c a l O s c i l la t o r

A x ( t ) c o s ( w t )

ModulationFrequency Modulation (FM), modulate the angle of the carrier.

Advantage: More robust to interference

Digital ModulationUsed in CDs, digital cellular service, digital phone lines and computer modems.Advantages:

Can be encrypted

Electronic routing of data is easier

Digital storage faster

Multimedia capability

Signal Processing Applications

Signal processing=Application of algorithms to modify signals in a way to make them more useful.Goals:

Efficient and reliable transmission, storage and display of information

Information extraction and enhancement

Examples: Speech and audio processing

Multimedia processing (image and video)

Underwater acoustic

Biological signal analysis

Multimedia ApplicationsCompression: Fast, efficient, reliable transmission and storage of dataApplied on audio, image and video data for transmission over the Internet, storageExamples: CDs, DVDs, MP3, MPEG4, JPEGMathematical Tools: Fourier Transform, Quantization, Modulation

JPEG Example 43K 13K 3.5K

JPEG uses Discrete-Cosine Transform (similar to Fourier Transform)

Biological Signal AnalysisExamples:

Brain signals (EEG)

Cardiac signals (ECG)

Medical images (x-ray, PET, MRI)

Goals: Detect abnormal activity (heart attack, seizure)

Help physicians with diagnosis

Tools: Filtering, Fourier Transform

ExampleBrain waves are usually contaminated by noise and hard to interpret

Audio Signal ProcessingActive noise cancellation:Adaptive filtering

Headphones used in cockpits

Digital Audio EffectsAdd special music effects such as delay, echo, reverb

Audio signal separationSeparate speech from interference

Wind sound from music in cars

Filtering Example

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Flow of Syllabus SEQUENTIAL FLOW

Mathematical Prerequisite for coursesComplex number, partial fraction, summation, power series formulae ( Separate 100pg book) (4 classes)UNIT 1: Introduction to signals & Systems Continuous & Discreet system (VIMP Fundamental)UNIT 2: Time-domain representations for LTI systems – 1UNIT 3:Time-domain representations for LTI systems – 2 simple & Easy job

Contd..UNIT 7: Z-Transforms – 1 EASY JOBUNIT 8:Z-transforms – 2 Easy JOBUNIT 4: Fourier representation for signals – 1UNIT 5:Fourier representation for signals – 2UNIT 6:Applications of Fourier representations ( Moderate but plays most imp role )

Course Books

TEXT BOOK (As per VTU)1. Simon Haykin, “Signals and Systems”, John Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 2ndEdn, 2008. 2. Michael Roberts, “Fundamentals of Signals & Systems”, 2nd ed, TataMcGraw-Hill, 2010

Reference book

1. Alan V Oppenheim, Alan S, Willsky and A Hamid Nawab, “Signalsand Systems” Pearson Education Asia / PHI, 2nd edition, 1997. IndianReprint 2002 2. H. P Hsu, R. Ranjan, “Signals and Systems”, Scham’s outlines, TMH,2006 3. B. P. Lathi, “Linear Systems and Signals”, Oxford University Press,2005 4. Ganesh Rao and Satish Tunga, “Signals and Systems”,Pearson/Sanguine Technical Publishers, 2004

E - ResourceLinks video lecturer

http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-6-007-signals-and-systems-spring-2011/http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-003-signals-and-systems-fall-2011/http://nptel.ac.in/http://freevideolectures.com/http://www.learnerstv.com/http://www.cdeep.iitb.ac.in/

Other reference bookA Practical Approach to Signals & Systems Author D. Sundararajan, publisher John Wiley & SonsSignals & System by Nagoor kani, Publisher TMH

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