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Sikhism BasicsFounder: Guru Nanak
Year: around 1500 CE
Origin Region: India (present day Pakistan)
God(s): one formless god
Sacred Writing(s): Guru Granth Sahib
Place of Worship: temples (gurdwara)
History of Sikhism• Guru Nanak was a Hindu of a high caste living in India
which at the time was ruled by Muslims• He was taught and admired by Hindu and Muslim
priests.• When he was around 30 years old, he disappeared
for three days and experienced enlightenment• Upon his return, he stated, “There is neither Hindu
or Muslim” but 1 god who is present everywhere (same god for all religions)
• Nine Gurus followed him who further expanded on and spread Sikhism
History of Sikhism• Sikhism grew and spread in the Punjab region of
“India” (present day Pakistan and India)• When the partition occurred in 1947, Sikhs were
forced to leave their homes in Pakistan and move to the Punjab region in India (violent conflict with Muslims)
History of Sikhism• Many Sikhs were wanting a separate country and
some militant separatist groups developed• In 1984, the Indian army stormed the Golden
Temple (holiest temple for Sikhs) to remove militant separatists; over 500 Sikhs were killed (mostly civilians)
• In retaliation, two Sikh bodyguards assassinated Indira Gandhi (Prime Minister of India)
• In 1985, Sikh separatists are believed to have bombed Air India Flight 182 (flight from Canada to India) killing over 300 people of which 270 were Canadians
Main Teachings and Beliefs• Monotheist – belief in 1 god; formless god that can be known through meditation• Believe in equality of genders, religions, and races; reject the caste system• Believe in karma and reincarnation; goal to merge with god• Way to achieve salvation, is by living honestly, avoiding sins, and caring for others, as well as remembering god at all times• charity and service to others are extremely important
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Main Teachings and Beliefs• Sikhs must accept the teachings of the ten Gurus and no other religions • Do NOT believe in rituals (e.g. fasting, pilgrimage, worship of the dead, etc.)• Refrain from meat, tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs; no sexual relationships outside of marriage• No priests (equality)•Practice the Khalsa (5 K’s) and wear a turban, the crown of spirituality
5 K’s• Kesh – uncut hair and beard
• Kangha - a wooden comb to properly groom the hair as a symbol of cleanliness
• Kachera - specially made cotton trousers as a reminder of the commitment to purity
• Kara - a steel bracelet, worn on the wrist, signifying bondage to Truth and freedom from every other entanglement.
• Kirpan - the sword, with which the Khalsa is committed to righteously defend the fine line of the Truth
Sikh Celebrations• Gurpurab – Guru Nanak’s birthday; full moon of
November; colourful processions leading up to the day; non-stop reading of the Guru Granth Sahib; & buildings/homes are decorated with lights
Sikh Celebrations• Baisakhi – celebrates the beginning of Khalsa; Sikh
New Year (around April 13th); continuous reading of the Guru Granth Sahib for 48 hours; harvest festival in Punjab; and sports, martial arts, poetry/essay writing on the festival theme
• Diwali – one of the 10 Gurus freed from jail during this Hindu celebration