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Sílvia Cañellas-BoltàAdvisory Council for Sustainable
Development of Catalonia (CADS)
Transition towards a sustainable energy system for Catalonia
Transition towards a sustainable energy system for Catalonia
Contents
1. About CADS
2. Energy context in Catalonia
CADS recommendations:
3. Renewable electricity system
4. Role of nuclear
5. Electric mobility
6. Conclusions
1. About CADS
The Advisory Council for Sustainable Development of Catalonia (CADS) gives independent expert advice to the Catalan Government on sustainable development issues.
Created in 1998.
Member of EEAC Network since 2004 (www.eeac.eu).
Formed by 16 Council members + secretariat.
Currently attached to Presidential Department.
1. About CADS
Main tasks:
• Assessment reports directed at the Catalan Government
• Applied research on innovative issues in the SD agenda
• Outreach: dissemination of the sustainability culture within the Catalan society
Disclaimer! This presentation includes current CADS views and results of studies commissioned by
CADS.
It is not the opinion of the Catalan Government
Studies on energy-related issues:
- AMEEC. Analysis of energy metabolism of Catalan economy 1990-2005 (2007, published 2009)
- SOSTEC: Transition towards a sustainable electric system (2009)
- Diagnosis and perspectives of electric vehicle in Catalonia (2010)
- Water & Energy interlinkages (foreseen end 2011)
CADS report to Government:
- Report 1/2011. CADS recommendations in the new context for nuclear energy (April 2011)
1. About CADS
Available at: www.gencat.cat/cads
In Catalonia, 75 % of primary energy comes from fossil fuels.Only 3% comes from renewable sources; nearly 20% nuclear.
Source: ICAEN
Primary energy consumption in Catalonia, 2007
2. Energy context in Catalonia
Oil
Coal
High external dependency:
(excluding nuclear)
(including nuclear)
UE-27 53,8% 67,8 %
Germany 61,3 % 73,7 %
Spain 81,4 % 92,2 %
France 51,4 % 93,9 %
United Kingdom 21,3 % 29,8 %
Catalonia* 76 % 96 %
Source: Eurostat*Year 2005; Source: AMEEC (CADS, 2009)
External dependency rate 2006
2. Energy context in Catalonia
- Official statistics usually account for nuclear energy as domestic,
BUT all uranium used in Catalonia is imported from outside Spain.
25% of oil is consumed in non-energy uses (petrochemical industry).
Use of oil products by sectors in Catalonia, 2005
45% of oil is consumed in transport.
2. Energy context in Catalonia
Electricity production is based on nuclear (+/- 50%); and gas (almost 40%) (CCGT and CHP).
Renewable sources (RES) account for only 10-12% (basically hydro).
Wind development has been very slow (administrative barriers, public acceptance).
Electricity imports (from rest of Spain, and France) are small but increasing.
Electricity generation in Catalonia 2007
Source: ICAEN
CCGT
CoalOther RES
CHP
Hydro
2. Energy context in Catalonia
3. A sustainable electricity system
- Is it possible to have a 100% renewable power supply in Catalonia in the medium/long term (2050 or before)?
- What would a transition to such a system be like?
Scenario 1
Scenarios 2 & 3
- Use of backcast scenarios: - What would a desired future look like? - Which could be the path to get there?
Methodology
- How could Catalonia comply with EU objectives and replace nuclear power production by 2020?
SOSTEC: Transition towards a sustainable electric system in CataloniaAuthors: Kristian Petrick, Franck van Dellen Ramon & Josep Puig. Ecofys Spain. (2009)
3. A sustainable electricity system
• Replacement of forecasted nuclear production: 50% CHP; 50% RES
• Estimated investment needed: around 200 EUR/(person*year), from 2008 to 2010.
• Requires a yearly growth rate of 14% (RES) and 10% (cogeneration).
Scenario 1
GWh
GWh
GWh
2020
Renewables
GWh
GWh
2006
Cogeneration
Nuclear
GWh
GWhCCGT
Energy efficiency
GWh
•Difficult to comply. Expensive. Urgent action needed.•Installing CHP in all existing CCGT power plants would increase energy efficiency and reduce GHG emissions – also from heat sector.
Conclusion:
3. A sustainable electricity system
Scenario 2:
Renewable electricity production up to 2050
100 % Renewable electricity supply by 2050
3. A sustainable electricity system
Scenario 2
Annual investment of around 60 €/person until 2050 [82 €/person/year in Scenario 3]
3. A sustainable electricity system
Main lessons:
- The 3 scenarios require a fundamental transformation of the electric system.
-Transition should start as soon as possible – the later, the more expensive!
- Required changes are not easy, so Government, industry and other related sectors should work together.
- Energy efficiency and energy conservation should be two priorities. - Increase in energy efficiency in all sectors - Change in individual and social «consumption patterns»
- Importance of a clear vision for the future and clear objectives to guide actions.
4. Role of nuclear
Assessment report to the government No. 1/2011 (27th April):
CADS recommendations in the new context for nuclear energy
Context:
After Fukushima, CADS believes that a nuclear debate should take place in Catalonia, and that the Catalan Government should be able to make decisions regarding nuclear policy (now a full competence of the Spanish State).
Nuclear power plant
Capacity
TypeBuilding year
Commercial operation
Current permit expires:
Final operation year*[MW]
Ascó I 1.032,50 PWR 1983 10.12.1984 01/10/2011 2022Ascó II 1.027,20 PWR 1985 30.03.1986 01/10/2011 2024
Vandellòs II 1.087,10 PWR 1987 08.03.1988 27/07/2010 2026
* According to current Catalan Energy Plan 2006-2015
Nuclear power plants in Catalonia
4. Role of nuclear
Security of nuclear power plants in Catalonia:- Asks for an active participation of the Catalan Government in the stress tests
- Proposes the inclusion of the risk of «voluntary actions» (i.e. terrorist attacks) into the stress tests.
- Ascó (I, II): review of seismic studies and anti-seismic measures taken; re-evaluation of risk related to Ebre river flooding, more transparency & information disclosure.
- Stronger control on subcontracting practices and worker health controls.
- Review of emergency plans. Improve citizen health protection plans.
CADS recommendations on:
- Security of nuclear power plants in Catalonia
- Nuclear waste management and power plant dismantlement
- Energy policy
4. Role of nuclear
Nuclear waste management and power plant dismantlement • Supports the Catalan Parliament opposition to a Centralized Temporal Storage Site in Catalonia,
since it should not be installed near existing nuclear power plants.
• Economic resources to manage nuclear waste should be transferred to a new created Catalan waste management entity.
• Security of temporal storage pools should be reviewed. Waste should be kept dry.
• Plans should be developed for replacing nuclear activities in the Terres de l’Ebre area by other economic activities.
Energy policy - Review the existing energy plan, which should include:
- Replacing nuclear power plants with clean energy supply
- Maximizing use of renewable energy sources
- Improving efficiency and energy conservation policies
- Enhancing sustainable mobility.
- CADS offers its participation in the elaboration of the new plan.
5. Promoting a RENEWABLE electric mobility
Diagnosis and perspectives on electric vehicle in Catalonia (CADS, 2010).
Author: Joan Pallisé (CIRCUTOR), et al
As 96% of energy use in transport comes from oil, the transition will require actions in the transport sector.
Electric mobility is seen as an opportunity:
- new business sector for the Catalan car industry
- Urban air pollution
- CO2 emissions reduction
5. Promoting a RENEWABLE electric mobility
Diagnosis of and perspectives on electric vehicles in Catalonia (CADS, 2010).
Main potential advantages:
•Alternative to fossil fuels.•More energy-efficient than internal combustion engines. •CO2 emissions reduction.•Air pollution emission reduction.•Synergies with electricity generation with renewable sources, distributed generation and smart grids.
Main limitations:
•Some mobility-related problems remain unchanged.•Sustainability depends on the origin of electricity. •Social acceptability – cultural change.
5. Promoting a RENEWABLE electric mobility
PEV can be an opportunity to increase the system efficiency only if the charge is done during off-peak periods .
A managed charge of EV during off-peak periods is an opportunity to increase the system efficiency and renewable energy sources integration.
Demand profile 1 milion electric vehicles in 2014 in Spain
8h domestic slow recharging, at night
5. Promoting a RENEWABLE electric mobility
Main recommedations:
- EV should be developed together with introduction of RES in power sector.
-Slow night recharge should be strongly promoted.
-The analysis concludes that implementing EV do not require changes in the energy system on the short term. However, we should start now preparing for the future: how to take the maximum advantage that EV offers in the use of RES and demand management? (smart grids).
- Special attention should be made in the opportunities for electric motorcycles, small vans.
-Catalan Government is working for the development of an EV industry in Catalonia. A strategic plan was approved 2010. This leading role should continue despite current financial situation.
6. Final conclusions
• Catalonia is facing energy challenges that are crucial for a sustainable development future. For this reason, CADS has considered energy as a priority.
• Responses towards these challenges require ambitious policies.The changes needed will not occur without clear long term visions and objectives.
•Current economic and financial situation should not stop the transition: renewable energy and energy conservation sectors can be part of the solution!
• The Government is now working on an Energy and Climate Change Plan 2012-2020, recognizing the necessary link between energy and climate policies. Ambitious targets should be approved, with specific sectorial actions to be taken.
• All society should be involved in the changes needed for such a transition towards a sustainable energy system.
Thanks!
More info: www.gencat.cat/cads
Sílvia Cañellas-Boltà[email protected]
Consell Assessor per al Desenvolupament Sostenible de
Catalunya (CADS)
Primary energy consumption in Spain, 2009
Source: ICAEN
Primary energy consumption in Catalonia, 2007
2. Energy context in Catalonia
Oil
Coal
Evolution of installed electric capacity 1990-2007 (MW)
Source: ICAEN
2. Energy context in Catalonia
3. A sustainable electricity system
Electricity demand & supply
0
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
40.000
45.000
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
2024
2026
2028
2030
2032
2034
2036
2038
2040
2042
2044
2046
2048
2050
[GW
h]
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
[€/c
ap]
Electricity consumption Electricity production, Climate ProtectionElectricity production, Fast Exit Climate Protection, €2006/capFast Exit, €2006/cap
100%
10 years difference
35 € / cap
average costs
(difference of 26 €2006 / cap)
Scenarios 2&3:
5. Promoting a RENEWABLE electric mobility
An optimum, intelligent coordination management will lead to a maximum capacity of 6.5 million electric vehicles in 2014, requiring
neither power nor grid investments.
