Simple Pendulum(Int.)

7/28/2019 Simple Pendulum(Int.)

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SIMPLE PENDULUM

REPORTED BY:

SHERMILA B. PAGUIOII-22 BSE PHYSICS


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OBJECTIVES

To learn and to understand moreabout the Simple Pendulum

To determine its parts

To know the history of Simple

Pendulum

To get some facts and trivias aboutSimple Pendulum


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INTRODUCTION

In this presentation we will learn togetherone of the different kind of pendulum that exist

and this is the Simple Pendulum that would be

discussed to us from the beginning up to the

end.

This presentation also aims to help the

students to learn in a manner that they would

enjoy what they are learning as well.

BAC

K

NEXT


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CONTENT

History of Pendulum

What is Pendulum

What are the parts of Pendulum

Formulas within the Pendulum

Trivia and FactsReference


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HISTORY OF PENDULUM

From its discovery around 1602by Galileo Galilei the regular motion

of pendulums was used for

timekeeping, and was the world'smost accurate timekeeping

technology until the 1930s.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galileihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galileihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galileihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei


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GALILEO GALILEI

Born 15 February 1564

Pisa, Duchy ofFlorence, Italy

Died 8 January1642 (aged 77)

Arcetri,Grand Duchy ofTuscany, Italy

Fields Astronomy, physics

and mathematics

Known for

KinematicsDynamics

Telescopic

observational

astronomyHeliocentrism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Florencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Florencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Florencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Florencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcetrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_dynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopic_observational_astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopic_observational_astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopic_observational_astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopic_observational_astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliocentrismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliocentrismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliocentrismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopic_observational_astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopic_observational_astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopic_observational_astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_dynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcetrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Florencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Florencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisa


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GALILEO GALILEIS RESEARCH

Italian scientist Galileo Galilei wasthe first to study the properties of

pendulums, beginning around

1602.His first existent report of hisresearch is contained in a letter to

Guido Ubaldo dal Monte, from

Padua, dated November 29,1602.


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His biographer and student, Vincenzo

Viviani, claimed his interest had been

sparked around 1582 by the swingingmotion of a chandelier in the Pisa

cathedral. Galileo discovered the

crucial property that makes pendulumsuseful as timekeepers, called

isochronism; the period of the

pendulum is approximatelyindependent of the amplitude or width

of the swing


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He also found that the period is

independent of the mass of the bob,

and proportional to the square root of

the length of the pendulum. He first

employed free swinging pendulums in

simple timing applications. A

physician friend invented a device

which measured a patient's pulse by

the length of a pendulum;

the pulsilogium.


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In 1641 Galileo conceived and

dictated to his son Vincenzo adesign for a pendulum

clock; Vincenzo began

construction, but had notcompleted it when he died in

1649.he pendulum was the

first harmonic oscillator used by

man.


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Pendulums are used to regulatependulum clocks, and are used in

scientific instruments such as

accelerometers and seismometers.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clock


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Historically they were used as

gravimeters to measure

the acceleration of gravity in

geophysical surveys, and even as a

standard of length. The word'pendulum' is new Latin, from the

Latin pendulus, meaning 'hanging'.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravimeterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceleration_of_gravityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceleration_of_gravityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravimeter


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THE PENDULUM CLOCK

In 1656 the Dutch scientist ChristiaanHuygensbuilt the first pendulum clock.This was a great improvement over

existing mechanical clocks; their bestaccuracy was increased from around 15

minutes deviation a day to around 15

seconds a day. Pendulums spread overEurope as existing clocks

were retrofitted with them.


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CHRISTIAAN HUYGEN

Born April 14, 1629

The Hague, Dutch RepublicDied July 8, 1695 (aged 66)

The Hague, Dutch Republic

Known for Titan

Explanation Saturn's ringsCentrifugal force

Collision formulae

Pendulum clock

HuygensFresnel principle

Wave theoryBirefringence

Evolvent

huygenian eyepiece
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Haguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Haguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens%E2%80%93Fresnel_principlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens%E2%80%93Fresnel_principlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birefringencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birefringencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolventhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyepiecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyepiecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyepiecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyepiecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyepiecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolventhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birefringencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens%E2%80%93Fresnel_principlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens%E2%80%93Fresnel_principlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens%E2%80%93Fresnel_principlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn's_ringshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(moon)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Haguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hague


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The English scientist studiedthe conical pendulum around 1666,

consisting of a pendulum that is free to swing

in two dimensions, with the bob rotating in acircle or ellipse. He used the motions of this

device as a model to analyze the orbital

motions of the planets.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conical_pendulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_motionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_motionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_motionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_motionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conical_pendulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hooke


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Hooke suggested to Isaac Newton in

1679 that the components of orbital

motion consisted of inertial motion along a

tangent direction plus an attractive motion

in the radial direction. This played a part in

Newton's formulation of the law of

universal gravitation. Robert Hooke was

also responsible for suggesting as early

as 1666 that the pendulum could be used

to measure the force of gravity.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_universal_gravitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_universal_gravitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_universal_gravitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_universal_gravitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton


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TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED PENDULUMSDuring the 18th and 19th century,

the pendulum clock's role as the mostaccurate timekeeper motivated much

practical research into improving

pendulums. It was found that a majorsource of error was that the pendulum rod

expanded and contracted with changes in

ambient temperature, changing the period

of swing.


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This was solved with the invention of

temperature compensated

pendulums, the mercury pendulum in

1721and the gridiron pendulum in

1726, reducing errors in precision

pendulum clocks to a few seconds

per week.


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The accuracy of gravity measurements

made with pendulums was limited by the

difficulty of finding the location oftheir center of oscillation. Huygens had

discovered in 1673 that a pendulum has

the same period when hung from itscenter of oscillation as when hung from its

pivot, and the distance between the two

points was equal to the length of a simplegravity pendulum of the same period..


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In 1818 British Captain Henry

Kater invented the reversible Kater's

pendulum which used this principle,making possible very accurate

measurements of gravity. For the next

century the reversible pendulum wasthe standard method of measuring

absolute gravitational acceleration


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1851: FOUCAULT PENDULUMIn 1851, Jean Bernard LonFoucault showed that the plane of

oscillation of a pendulum, like a gyroscope,

tends to stay constant regardless of themotion of the pivot, and that this could be

used to demonstrate the rotation of the

Earth. He suspended a pendulum free toswing in two dimensions (later named

the Foucault pendulum) from the dome of

the Panthon in Paris. The length of the


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JEAN BERNARD LON FOUCAULTJean Bernard Lon Foucault(18 September 1819 11

February 1868) was

a Frenchphysicist best known

for the invention of theFoucaultpendulum, a device

demonstrating the effect of the

Earth's rotation. He also made

an early measurement ofthe speed of light,

discovered eddy currents, and

although he did not invent it, is

credited with naming

O th d l t i ti th
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault_pendulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault_pendulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyroscopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault_pendulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault_pendulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault_pendulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France


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Once the pendulum was set in motion, the

plane of swing was observed

to precess or rotate 360 clockwise inabout 32 hours.This was the first

demonstration of the Earth's rotation that

didn't depend on celestialobservations, and a "pendulum mania"

broke out, as Foucault pendulums were

displayed in many cities and attractedlarge crowds.


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PENDULUMIs an idealized model consisting of a

point mass suspended by massless,

unstretchable string. is a weight

suspended from a pivot so that it can

swing freely.


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PARTS OF PENDULUM1. String

2. Bobs or Marble

3. Stand or Flatform


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STRINGis a flexible piece

of rope or twine which is used to tie,

bind, or hang other objects. It is up to

you how long the string would be.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rope


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BOBS OR MARBLEIs a non-foliated metamorphic

rock composed of recrystallized

carbonate minerals, most

commonly calcite or dolomite.


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PENDULUM STANDSupports the string and the bob of the

pendulum. It is where the string rest or

hang.


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FORMULAS

Frequency

Period

Pendulums Formula


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FREQUENCY (F)

Is the number of occurrences of a

repeating event per unit time.


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PERIOD (T)

Is the duration of one cycle in a

repeating event, so the period is

the reciprocal of the frequency.


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PENDULUMS FORMULA ()

t = Ia ,t = F = - mg sinq , I= m 2;- mg sinq = m 2 d2q

dt

2,

d2qdt

2+gq = 0 w 2 = g.


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TRIVIA AND FACT

As long as thecord can be

considered

massless and the

amplitude is small,

the period doesnot depend on the

mass.


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REFERENCES

www. Google. com

www. Wikipedia.com

University Physics

Science in a series of new world

Webster dictionary

Documents

Simple Pendulum(Int.)