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Simplifying Design Procedures for Concrete Buildings in Accordance With
The Industry Codes and Compliance
Presented by:Khaled Allam
Design Manager - Khatib Alami
Types of Buildings Construction
According to Material of Construction
Reinforced Concrete Structures
Steel Structures
Wood Structures
Aluminum Structures
Types of Buildings Construction
According to No. of Stories or Height
Low Rise floors
High Rise structures
Elevated Tanks
Types of Buildings Construction
• High compressive strength• Durability• Moldable• Pre-stressed concrete allow small dimensions and lighter structures• Its flexibility to accommodate the architectural design• Fire and weather resistance• Relatively lower cost
Advantages of Reinforced Concrete
Design Codes – Concrete Structures
Egyptian code for design and
construction of concrete
structures
Egyptian code for loads and forces in structure and
building work
Uniform Building Code (UBC97)
American Society of Civil
Engineers (ASCE)
International Building Code
(IBC)
British Standard (BS e.g. BS8110)
Why We Use Codes or Standards
1- Regulate the design and construction of structures where adopted into law.
2- Provide minimum standards for safety, health including structural and mechanical integrity, means of egress, fire prevention and control, and energy conservation.
3- Ensure the proper material and methodology of construction.
Loads Subjected to Structures
• Gravity Loads : Dead & Live
• Lateral Loads: Seismic & wind
• Self-straining Loads: Thermal & Creep
Design Requirements
• Working Design method
• Strength Design method• Reduction in concrete strength• Factors for ultimate loads
Example:
𝑈𝑈 = 1.4 𝐷𝐷 + 1.7 𝐿𝐿𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
= 0.67 𝑥𝑥 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑀𝑀1.5
𝑥𝑥 d − a2
= 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑥𝑥 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹1.15
𝑥𝑥 (𝑑𝑑 − 𝑎𝑎2
)
Why We Need Simplifying Design Procedures
Decrease conflicts between projects trades
Decrease design procedures
Decrease conflict with codes, regulation, standards
Decrease time and resources needed
Pre-Design Study of The Project
Good Early Planning make Good Project Design
Choose the proper floor system
Choose the proper arrangements of columns/walls
Choose the suitable system to applied loads and Arch. Requirements
Choose the proper joints (expansion, settlement)
How to simplify the Design Processes
Using design aids, simple manual calculations and use tabulated libraries from pervious projects
Prepare your unique in-house design tools (e.g. excel sheets)
Using analysis models and keep updated with changes
Be familiar with different Codes and periodic update to avoid sever change on the design
Using BIM in work decrease coordination and facilitate work
Archiving of projects with technical information as lesson learned
Simplifying the Design Procedures
• Discontinuous Path of Loads From Floors to Foundation
Planted Wall/Columns
Transfer Slab/Beam
Simplify Design of Some Elements
• Columns• Using area method and design charts • Use dimensions that avoid slender columns• Decrease change in column dimension between floors• Using library of column Loads and details
Simplify Design of Some Elements
• Beams• Using area method to got loads• Using minimum depth to control deflection• Use moment and shear coefficient• Use tables and design Aids• Use Standard dimensions for construction cost effective
Simplify Design of Some Elements
• Slabs• Using regular modules
• Using minimum depth to control deflection
• Using flat plates without drop
• Use tables and design Aids
• Using proper economic system and construction cost effective
• Good coordination of opening locations
Simplifying Design Procedures
Examples of Design Aids
Egyptian Codes Design aids
Dr. Shaker Elbehery Handbook
Portland Cement Associates design Aids (PCA)
Reinforced Concrete Handbook, Charles E. Reynolds & James C. Steedman
Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute hand book (CRSI)
Simplify Design of Some Elements
• Choose the most economical Floor system • Repetition of Forms
• Saving in Materials VS Formwork cost • Simplicity of design dimensions
• Standard forms
Conclusion
• Good planning and coordination is good design (Complex building is complex design)• Saving of concrete and reinforcements against design time• Design cost saving against construction cost• The suitable procedures and code requirements to building complexity
Time Is Money Complex Design is More Codes Limitations