SIMSEN 2.3 Modular SImulation software for the analysis … · SIMSEN 2.3 : Modular SImulation software for the analysis of ENergy conversion Systems 2002 - 2 - 1 Introduction This

SIMSEN 2.3 : Modular SImulation software for the analysis of ENergy conversion Systems 2002

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TUTORIAL 3 : EDITING A CIRCUIT

Table of contents page

1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 22 Inserting elements ........................................................................................................... 3

2.1 Functions and regulation ............................................................................................... 32.2 Electrical and mechanical.............................................................................................. 42.3 Line elements ................................................................................................................ 52.4 Converters ..................................................................................................................... 6

3 Deleting elements............................................................................................................. 74 Moving and rotating elements........................................................................................ 75 Selecting elements............................................................................................................ 86 Saving/Opening circuit files ........................................................................................... 97 Connecting electrical elements..................................................................................... 108 Entering the elements parameters ............................................................................... 129 Entering the simulation parameters............................................................................ 1310 Macro.............................................................................................................................. 1411 Neutral terminal ............................................................................................................ 1512 Graphical elements........................................................................................................ 1613 Additional editor functions........................................................................................... 18

13.1 Copy,Paste................................................................................................................... 1813.2 Print ............................................................................................................................. 1813.3 Find.............................................................................................................................. 1913.4 Clean Graph................................................................................................................. 1913.5 Write Element Names ................................................................................................. 1913.6 Show Element Terminals ............................................................................................ 1913.7 Show Wire Endings..................................................................................................... 1913.8 Configure..................................................................................................................... 1913.9 Import/Export .............................................................................................................. 2013.10 Lock Macro/Unlock Macro......................................................................................... 2113.11 Print Parameters .......................................................................................................... 2113.12 View Simulation Log File ........................................................................................... 2113.13 Update ......................................................................................................................... 2113.14 Popup menu................................................................................................................. 21

14 Validating a circuit and running a simulation ........................................................... 2215 Visual .............................................................................................................................. 2316 Building a complete example........................................................................................ 24

16.1 Inserting the elements.................................................................................................. 2516.2 Connecting the electrical elements.............................................................................. 2616.3 Entering the parameters............................................................................................... 2616.4 Drawing the graphical elements.................................................................................. 27


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1 Introduction

This tutorial explains how to use the graphical interface to build up a circuit and set itsparameters.

A typical sequence of operation is:• Inserting the elements.• Connecting electrical elements together.• Entering the elements parameters.• Adding graphical elements.• Entering the simulation parameters.• Validating the circuit by entering simulation mode.

A system is basically composed of 5 types of elements:

1. Electrical elements, neutral terminal (with parameters, and connected with wires).2. Mechanical elements, function and regulation (with parameters).3. Macro (element representing a sub-system limited to function and regulation elements).4. Electrical connections: wire, crossing (elements to connect elements of 'type 1').5. Graphical elements: label, line, arrow, circle.

Only elements of types 1..4 are taken into account to build the data structures.

The next sections explain all the editing operations as well as special features of someelements.


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2 Inserting elements

There are different ways to insert an element, so the following categories can be defined:

a. Elements that only need a position: ex: function and regulation units, macro.b. Elements that need position and direction: these are all the elements which have an

electrical connection: ex: voltage supply, transformer, neutral…and the mechanical mass.c. Line elements: wire, graphical line.d. Converters: The converters need a specific insertion procedure.

For all the elements, the positions are tied to the grid. The components will be attracted to theclosest grid coordinates automatically.

2.1 Functions and regulation

For category a elements, the procedure is the following: ex: voltage regulator.

1. Select the submenu Elements/Special Elements/Voltage Regulator.2. Move the mouse on the editing grid to the desired position.3. Click the left mouse button.

Exercice 2.1.1: Insert an element Voltage Regulator.

Figure 2.1.1: Insertion of the element Voltage Regulator


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2.2 Electrical and mechanical

For category b elements, the procedure is the following: ex: transformer

1. Select the submenu Elements/Elements 3ph/Transformer 2x3ph2. Move the mouse on the editing grid to the desired position3. Press the left mouse button4. While keeping the button pressed move the mouse in the desired direction.5. Once you release the button, the bitmap of the element is displayed

Some of these elements have a small dot to define the position of each terminal ex: primaryand secondary side of a transformer.

Exercise 2.2.1: Draw a transformer in four different directions do get a drawingsimilar to figure 2.2

Figure 2.2.1: Transformer drawn in the four possible directions


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2.3 Line elements

For category c elements, the procedure is the following: ex: wire.

1. Select the submenu Connections/Wire.2. Draw the broken line ABCD:

Move the mouse pointer to position A.Press the left mouse button.Move the mouse to position B, while keeping the left mouse button pressed.Release the left mouse button (the first segment of the broken line is now defined).Press again the left mouse button.Move the mouse to position C while keeping the left mouse button pressed.Release the left mouse button (the second segment of the broken line is now defined).Press again the left mouse button.Move the mouse to position D while keeping the left mouse button pressed.Release the left mouse button (the third segment of the broken line is now defined).

3. Press the right mouse button:The segments of the broken line will be corrected so as to fit the grid. This terminates theelement, and end the insertion operation.

Be careful to always end the insertion operation by pressing the right mouse button!

If a segment is too short or not in a direction close enough to a horizontal or vertical it iscancelled.

Figure 2.3.1: How to draw a line

Exercise 2.3.1: Draw the broken line ABCD of figure 2.3


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2.4 Converters

For category d elements, the procedure is the following: ex: diode rectifier.

1. Select the submenu Elements/Converters 3ph/Diode Rectifier.2. Draw the broken line ABCD:

Move the mouse pointer to position A.Press the left mouse button.Move the mouse to position B, while keeping the left mouse button pressed.Release the left mouse button (the first segment of the broken line is now defined).Press again the left mouse button.Move the mouse to position C while keeping the left mouse button pressed.Release the left mouse button (the second segment of the broken line is now defined).Press again the left mouse button.Move the mouse to position D while keeping the left mouse button pressed.Release the left mouse button (the third segment of the broken line is now defined).

3. Press the right mouse button.If the segments are sufficiently spaced, the converter structure will be displayed.(The minimum spacing are: distance AB: 2 units; distance BC: 8 units; distance CD: 2units).

The broken line ABCD must be composed of only 3 segments AB, BC, CD. You shouldn'tstop at intermediate position.

Figure 2.4.1:Inserting a three-phase converter

Exercise 2.4.1: Draw the converter as displayed in figure 2.4.1 (follow the orderABCD).

Exercise 2.4.2: Draw the 3 converters as displayed in figure 2.4.2 (the different brokenlines specify the respective converter, in the three cases follow theorder ABCD).

Figure 2.4.2: Example showing how to draw converters


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3 Deleting elements

The delete operation depends on the element type. To delete elements, the general procedureis the following (except for wires, graphical lines and converters – see below):

1. Select the submenu Edit/Delete.2. Click with the left mouse button on the element to be deleted.

To delete a wire or graphical line:1. Select the submenu Edit/Delete.2. Click with the left mouse button on one of the two ends of the wire or graphical line.

To delete a converter:1. Select the submenu Edit/Delete.2. Click with the left mouse button on one of the components of the converter (diode,

thyristor or transistor).

4 Moving and rotating elements

To move an element:

1. Select the submenu Edit/Move.2. Move the mouse pointer on the element to be moved.3. Press the left mouse button.4. While keeping the left mouse button pressed, move the mouse pointer to the desired

position.5. Release the left mouse button.

Note that a line or graphical connection cannot be moved directly. They must first beselected (see section 5, Selecting elements).

To rotate an element:

1. Select the submenu Edit/Rotate.2. Move the mouse pointer on the element to be rotated.3. Click on the left mouse button to rotate the element of 90° counterclockwise.Click on the left mouse button twice to rotate 180° or three times to rotate 270°.


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5 Selecting elements

Selection allows one to act on a group of elements instead of only one, it is the only way tomove or copy a wire or a graphical line. Selection is also used to save a subpart of thesystem with the Export command.

To select a group of elements:1. Select the submenu Edit/Selection.2. Move the mouse pointer to the top left corner of a rectangle enclosing the elements to

move.3. Press the left mouse button.4. While keeping the left mouse pointer pressed, move to the bottom right corner of the

rectangle.5. Release the left mouse button.

To delete a group of elements:1. Select the group of elements as described above.2. Select the submenu Edit/Delete.

To move a group of elements:1. Select the group of elements as described above.2. Select the submenu Edit/Move.3. Move the mouse pointer inside the selection rectangle.4. Press the left mouse pointer.5. While keeping the left mouse pointer pressed, move the mouse to the desired position.6. Release the left mouse pointer.

Figure 5.1: Selection and move of a group of elements

In figure 5.1, notice that the wire connected to EL2 is not moved; a wire or graphical lineneeds to have its 2 endings inside the selection rectangle to be selected.

Exercise 5.1: Draw the circuit of figure 5.1 (left) then proceed to the selection andmove operations to obtain the result shown in the right picture. Theelement are VS1 (menu Elements/Elements 3ph/Voltage Supply) andEL1,EL2 (menu Elements/Elements 3ph/Load/Star/RLC).


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6 Saving/Opening circuit files

A circuit can be saved (select the submenu File/Save or File/Save as) in a file with the *.stmextension. This file contains all the necessary data to run a simulation: topology of the circuit,parameters of the elements and parameters of the simulation. When the user wants to edit acircuit previously saved, he just has to open (select the submenu File/Open) thecorresponding *.stm file.

When saving, the user can create a directory, but not both a directory and subdirectory.ex: if the directory c:\simsen\example is available the user may save his example in:c:\simsen\example\mycirc.stm, orc:\simsen\example\mynewdir\mycirc.stm (creation of the directory mynewdir)but not inc:\simsen\example\mynewdir\mynewsubdir\mycirc.stm (creation of the directories mynewdirand mynewsubdir).

Due to limitations of the save dialog box, the user shouldn't enter a path with more than 6levels of subdirectories.

The directory where the circuit is saved is the working directory where all the input/outputsimulation files (*.dat, *.vis) are saved.

It is advised to create a sub-directory for each example you wishe to study.


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7 Connecting electrical elements

To connect electrical elements you must insert a wire between their terminals. Two or morewires can be bound using a crossing. A wire must have its end points either on an elementterminal or a crossing. A crossing defines an electrical contact between two or more wires.Two wires that are in contact in the drawing are not electrically connected as long as theydon't have a common crossing. Be careful, the program does not check the connectionswhile building the circuit in the Edit mode. These are checked when entering the Simulmode.

To draw a wire, proceed as described in section 2.3.

Insert a crossing:1. Select the submenu Connections/Crossing.2. Move the mouse pointer to the desired position.3. Click the left mouse button.

Draw the segment EF as you proceeded for the broken line ABCD.

The order in which you enter the elements doesn’t matter, but you may prefer to first enterthe segment and then the crossing.

Figure 7.1: Electrical connections

Between two three-phase elements you only need to connect the middle terminal, except forphase shifting or special connections. The two remaining terminals are automatically createdwhen entering the Simul mode (see figure 7.2 below).

Figure 7.2: Three-phase connection


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Exercise 7.1: Draw the circuit represented in figure 7.2. Proceed as follow:

1. Insert the elementsAll the submenu commands you have to select are represented in Bold in one line. Selectthe following submenus and place the elements on the editing grid as shown in figure 7.2.(On the last column you have the name of the corresponding element).

Elements Elements 3ph Voltage Supply VSElements Elements 3ph Load Star R ELElements Machines Induction 3ph CR IM

2. Draw a wire between the source and the induction machine.3. Draw a wire between the middle of the horizontal wire and the electrical load EL.4. Insert a crossing.5. To check if the circuit has been correctly built, validate your system by selecting the

menu Simul; you should obtain the circuit represented on the right.

Exercise 7.2: Draw the circuit represented in figure 7.3.

With the elements:

Elements Elements 3ph Voltage Supply VS1Elements Elements 3ph Transmission Line RL LNElements Elements 3ph Transformer 2x3ph TElements Elements 3ph Circuit Breaker CB1, CB2Elements Elements 3ph Load Star R ELElements Machines Synchronous 3ph Laminated Rotor SMElements Elements 1ph Voltage Supply VS2

Figure 7.3: Circuit model


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8 Entering the elements parameters

To enter the name and parameters of an element, select the submenu Parameters/Elements,and then click with the left mouse button on that element. A parameter window such as theone on figure 8.1 appears.

The function and regulation elements have their connections defined in the parameterwindow under - REFERENCES X for the elements providing input and under -REFERENCES Y for the element receiving the output (see Tutorial 4).

The mechanical connections are defined in the parameter window under - MECHANICALMASS CONNECTED for the element mechanical mass and under - MECHANICALSYSTEM for the electrical machines.

Figure 8.1: Entering the parameters of element Prog.

Each element must have a different name which also has to be different from the circuitname: example: a circuit saved as Ele1.stm cannot have any element with the name Ele1.

To disable an element (so that it won't be taken into account during the simulation), one hasto add the character ';' at its beginning. The element will thereafter be displayed with an 'X'mark to inform about its status.


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9 Entering the simulation parameters

To enter the simulation parameters, select the submenu Parameters/Simulation.

The user can define the start/end times, integration step, aso; and also:• Comment.• Constant data: definition of global constants.• Parameters: possibility to assign values to the parameters of any element.• Initial conditions.• Disturbances.

The simulation parameters are detailed in section 6 of Tutorial 4.

Every line beginning with a ';' is ignored.

Figure 9.1: Simulation parameters

Remark:

If the parameters list is very long the user can edit a file SimParam.txt with notepad in thesame directory as the *.stm to be simulated. To activate this option, the user must select thesubmenu Edit/Configure and choose the parameter ‘notepad’, see section 13.8. Be careful tosave your file SimParam.txt at the end of the edition.


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10 Macro

The macros are useful to represent a whole regulation or function system.To insert a macro element proceed as below:1. Select the submenu Elements/Macro.2. Move the mouse pointer to the desired position.3. Click the left mouse button.

To edit a macro:1. Select the submenu Parameters.2. Click on the macro element you want to edit.3. Enter the circuit. (Only regulation and function elements are available).

To go one level up, select the submenu Go/GoUp, and to go back to the main circuit, selectGo/Go Main (this submenu is only available when you are at the macro level).

Exercise 10.1: Build the following circuit (without the arrows, circle and labels).

With the elements :

Elements Macro MacroElements Functions and Regulation Reg RegElements Functions and Regulation Prog Prog

Figure 10.1: Circuit with a view of the main level and the macro level


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11 Neutral terminal

A neutral terminal can be connected to three-phase elements that have a star coupling. Forexample, to establish a neutral connection between a voltage supply VS and the primary of atransformer T.

The steps to insert such an element are described below:

1. Select the submenu Elements/Special Elements/Neutral.2. Draw the neutral terminal close to the element to which it will be assigned following the

same procedure as for the other electrical components.3. Open its parameter window; in this case comprising only one line of text.4. Enter the name of the related element, and the side to which it will be connected e.g.:

primary or secondary of the transformer.5. Connect the neutral terminals of the elements that have a common neutral point e.g.

Figure 11.1: Neutral connections

This example contains 4 neutral terminals, respectively connected to the voltage supply VS,to the primary of the transformer T, to the secondary of the transformer T and to the electricalload EL. The neutral terminals will accordingly have the following names:

1. VS-12. T-13. T-24. EL-1

Connections are then drawn between the terminals 1 and 2, respectively 3 and 4.

Warning: Do not connect neutral terminals related to different voltage levels and donot add a neutral terminal to a delta coupling (for example secondary sideof a transformer with Yd coupling) or else a state variable numbering failureoccurs.

The neutral terminals may not only be connected with a simple wire but through a wholesingle-phase circuit as well, ex: between the neutral 1 and neutral 2 you could have inserted aresistor.

Exercise 11.1 : Draw the circuit on figure 11.1.


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12 Graphical elements

You can add labels, lines and other graphical elements to document your circuit, especiallyfor the connections of the regulation part. All the graphical elements can be selected from thesubmenu Graphical.

There are 4 types of graphical elements: Label, Line, Arrow, Circle. The user can choose thecolor (black, red, green, blue) for the 3 last types.

• Label

This element allows you to insert a label that can be moved or edited anywhere on theediting surface.

To enter a Label proceed as follows:1. select the submenu Graphical/Label.2. move the mouse to the place you want the label to be written.3. click on left mouse button.4. enter the text of the label.5. press ‘ok’.

To modify a label; select the menu Parameters/Elements and then click on the label withthe left mouse button

• Line

The Graphical Lines are drawn exactly like the wires. The only difference is that they won’tbe taken into account as wires but as graphical lines.

• Arrow

The Arrow is just the tip of an arrow. To draw a complete arrow, first draw a line and thenthe arrow at one end. This element is inserted in the same way as the type 2 elementspresented in section 2.

• Circle

To draw a circle, just proceed as for a type 1 element.

To enter elements with another color, before selecting the element, select the color. Thiscolor becomes the default color until you change to another color. The label elements canonly be displayed in black. It is possible to delete and move the graphical elements in thesame way as it is explained in section 2.


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Exercise 12.1: Draw the following graphical elements

Figure 12.1: Examples of graphical elements


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13 Additional editor functions

This section gives you an overview of the following additional editor functions:

• Copy, Paste.• Print.• Find.• Clean Graph.• Write Elements Names.• Configure.• Import/Export.• Lock Macro/Unlock Macro.• Print Elements Parameters.• View Simulation Log File.• Update.• Popup menu.

13.1 Copy,Paste

To copy electrical and mechanical elements, function and regulation units:1. Select the submenu Edit/Copy.2. Click on the element you want to copy.3. Select the submenu Edit/Paste.4. Move the mouse pointer to the position where you want the element to be pasted.5. Press the left mouse button.6. While keeping the left mouse button pressed, move the mouse pointer in the desired

direction.7. Release the left mouse button.

The Paste operation can be repeated. This procedure doesn't copy the parameters of theelement.

To copy a group of elements of any type with their parameters:1. Select the group of elements you want to copy following the procedure described in

section 5.2. Select the submenu Edit/Copy.3. Move the mouse pointer to the position where you want the group of element to be

pasted.4. Click the left mouse button.

13.2 Print

Menu File/Print.Print saves in a file the drawing of the displayed circuit. The file is of format WindowsMetafile with the extension *.wmf. It can be processed with a graphical program such asPaint Shop 2.0 (More recent version cannot read properly the *.wmf file generated by theprogram).


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13.3 Find

Menu Edit/Find.Helps the user finding an element, he has to enter the name of the element and the programdisplays the part of the circuit where it is inserted and is shortly highlighted.

13.4 Clean Graph

Menu Edit/Clean Graph.To clean the circuit from obsolete graphical elements resulting from some previousmanipulation; for example when an element has been deleted but there are still some parts ofits picture displayed.

13.5 Write Element Names

Menu Edit/Write Element Names.Write in red the name of the elements above their corresponding symbol in the circuit.

13.6 Show Element Terminals

Menu Edit/Show Element Terminals.Draw a red circle at each terminal of all the elements. This help to find the terminal positionswhen connecting the elements.

13.7 Show Wire Endings

Menu Edit/Show Wire Endings.Draw a green circle at both endings of each wire. This help to see the wire endings (that mustbe on a terminal or a crossing).

13.8 Configure

Menu Edit/Configure.Grid Color: the user may choose between:• blue with the parameter blue.• yellow with the parameter yellow.• red dots with the parameter points.• no grid with the parameter none.

Simul param edit with: the user may choose between:• Default for editing with the default editor program.• Notepad for editing with the Notepad program.

The text file name must be simul.txt and must be in the working directory. This can be usefulwhen the user has a very large simulation parameter data.


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13.9 Import/Export

Menu File/Import.Menu File/Export.Allow you to save part of a circuit in a file, and also to insert a whole sub-circuit from a file.

To export:1. Select the part of the circuit you want to export, following the procedure described in

section 5.2. Select the submenu File/Export.3. Enter the name you want to give to the exported sub-circuit.

To import:1. Select the submenu File/Import2. Enter the name of the file with the sub-circuit you want to import3. Click with the left mouse button in the display where you want to insert the sub-circuit


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13.10 Lock Macro/Unlock Macro

Menu Edit/Options/Lock Macro.Menu Edit/Options/Unlock Macro.Allow you to lock a macro with a password so as to prevent any other user to access thecircuit inside.

Steps to Lock a macro:1. Select submenu Lock Macro.2. Left click on the Macro element to be locked.3. Enter a password.4. Press 'Ok'.

Steps to Unlock a macro:1. Select submenu Unlock Macro.2. Left click on the Macro element to be unlocked.3. Enter the password.4. Press 'Ok'.

13.11 Print Parameters

Menu Edit/Options/Print Parameters.Writes in a text file named AllData.txt the parameters of all the elements of the circuit. Thisfile is saved in the working directory.

13.12 View Simulation Log File

Menu Edit/Options/View Simulation Log FileShows the log file generated by the programs Inisim and Sim at the beginning of asimulation. This file has information about the elements, value of parameters, value ofconstants aso; its name is the same as the simulated file *.stm but with the extention '.txt'.

13.13 Update

Menu Edit/Options/UpdateUpdates the parameters of the elements of the circuit from the files *.dat in the workingdirectory having the same name as the elements: ex: an element named VS1 will have itsparameters updated from a file named VS1.DAT.

13.14 Popup menu

The popup menu lets you have a quick access to common commands.To display the popup menu, press the right mouse button.


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14 Validating a circuit and running a simulation

Once the circuit has been completely built, the user selects the submenu Simul. If thevalidation is successful the user can either chose to run Inisim to calculate the load-flow witha circuit respecting the constraints or run Sim to start the simulation versus time. Moreexplanations about these programs are found in Tutorial 4.

Figure 14.1: Circuit in edit mode, before validation

Figure 14.2: Circuit in simul mode, after validation


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15 Visual

Visual is a program for post-processing: results display and data processing such as Fourieranalysis. It can be run from the interface with the Visual submenu. Refer to Visual user’smanual in the documentation folder.

Figure 15.1: Visual Program


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16 Building a complete example

In this section we will build step by step the circuit shown in figure 16.1.

Figure 16.1: Circuit to build


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16.1 Inserting the elements

Exercise 16.1.1: Select the submenu File/New and then draw the circuit below. Saveyour drawing with the name tutor3.stm in the subdirectoryc:\simsen\tutorials\tutor3.

All the submenu commands you have to select are represented in Bold on one line. Select thefollowing submenus and place the elements on the editing grid as shown in figure 16.1.1. (Onthe last column you have the name of the corresponding element)

Elements Elements 3ph Voltage Supply VSNElements Elements 3ph Transmission Line RL LNElements Elements 3ph Transformer 2x3ph TN, TEXElements Elements 3ph Circuit Breaker CBMElements Machines Synchronous3ph Laminated Rotor SMElements Converters 3ph Current Converter ICONVEXElements Elements 1ph Circuit Breaker CBEX1, CBEX2Elements Elements 1ph Resistor REXElements Machines Mechanical Mass ME1, ME2Elements Functions and Regulation Regulator VREGElements Functions and Regulation Lag VMFElements Functions and Regulation Prog ARCCOSElements Special Elements Saturation Effect SATElements Elements 1ph RLC Impedance ZGROUNDElements Special Elements Neutral Terminal (2 items)

Figure 16.1.1: Inserting the elements


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16.2 Connecting the electrical elements

Exercise 16.2.1: Connect the electrical elements as shown in figure 16.2.1

Figure 16.2.1: Connection of the electrical elements

16.3 Entering the parameters

Exercise 16.3.1: Enter the name of all the elements then save your circuit as tutor3.stm.

Figure 16.3.1: Entering the parameters of the elements


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16.4 Drawing the graphical elements

Exercise 16.4.1: Add the graphical elements to obtain a drawing similar to figure16.4.1.

Figure 16.4.1: How to use graphical elements to represent the regulation’s connections

This circuit is available among the examples provided with the tutorial under the name:SMEX, it is fully parameterized and ready to run.

End of tutorial

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SIMSEN 2.3 Modular SImulation software for the analysis … · SIMSEN 2.3 : Modular SImulation software for the analysis of ENergy conversion Systems 2002 - 2 - 1 Introduction This