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> Improving Capability and Reducing the Cost of Ownership
SimTecT 2010 is held under the auspices of the Simulation Industry Association of Australia (SIAA) Ltd ABN 13 087 862 619
simulation users
simulation developers
Photos courtesy of CA
E, Rockw
ell, Thales, and Mining Industry S
kills Centre Inc.
BRISBANE CONVENTION & EXHIBITION CENTRE, BRISBANE AUSTRALIA
www.simtect.com
Conference Program and Handbook
CAE AUSTRALIAPRINCIPAL SPONSOR
CAE PROFESSIONAL SERVICESCONFERENCE DINNER SPONSOR
MAJOR SPONSOR
NAME BADGE / LANYARD SPONSOR
LUNCH SPONSOR
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> HANDBOOK CONTENTS
SECTION 1Welcome 3Committees 3Keynote Speakers 4–5Sponsors 6–7Courses 8Special Presentations 9Site Visits 9Trade Exhibitors 10–11Trade Exhibition Floor Plan 12Venue Floorplan 13Social Program 14General Information 14–15
PROGRAMMonday 17Tuesday 18–20Wednesday 21–23Thursday 24–25
SECTION 2Abstract Contents 27–31Abstracts 32–56
Professional Conference Organisers
Consec – Conference ManagementPO Box 3127BMDC ACT 2617
Telephone: +61 2 6251 0675Facsimile: +61 2 6251 0672Email: [email protected]
Conference Manager: Barry Neame, PCO-DIRConference Coordinator: Margie Wallace, Dip Events Mgt
simulation developers
simulation users
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This year the Conference is taking a slightly di!erent direction to focus on areas where simulation users and simulation suppliers must work together more e!ectively to create sustainable simulation solutions for long-term projects.
Specially selected keynote addresses will take us into the future looking at population, technology and environment in 2030 and how to prepare our simulation capability for a more sophisticated audience. We will also look back and re"ect on past learning, delving into the speci#c challenges we are currently facing around skills shortage, platform interoperability and reducing cost of ownership.
Special presentations have been designed to explore these concepts in relation to key Defence projects AIR5428, AIR9000 Phase 7, JP3028, JP2048, SB JP3028, LAND 400, JDSC and Land Helicopter Dock. A parallel session focusing on automation will be highly bene#cial for our resource and construction industry delegates.
Our popular technical program of pre-conference courses, technical and applications papers, symposia, and site visits remains a key feature of the conference. The courses earn currency unit credits towards the SIAA’s Professional Certi#cation Award, and we encourage organisations to include the Conference program as part of their sta!’s continuing professional education process.
The SimTecT 2010 Conference and Exhibition builds on the success of the previous fourteen SimTecTs to provide an opportunity for the simulation community to discover the latest research and product advances, and to discuss applications with developers and users.
Deanna Hutchinson Conference Convenor
> WELCOME MESSAGE FROM THE CONVENOR
> ORGANISING COMMITTEE
Ms Deanna Hutchinson Chair and Heavy Industry Area Lead
Mining Industry Skills Centre Inc
Dr Elyssebeth Leigh Papers Coordinator and Education Area Lead
Futuresearch, Sydney
Mr Fred Hardtke Courses Coordinator
Raytheon Australia
Mr Peter Hill SIAA
Mr Nick Howden Emergency Management Area Lead
CAE Professional Services
Mr Daniel Munro Defence Area Lead
Booz & Company (Aust)
Dr Michael McGarity CAE Australia
Mr Roger Mulligan Program Coordinator
Defence Materiel Organisation
Mr Barry Neame Conference Manager
Consec – Conference Management
Ms Margie Wallace Conference Coordinator
Consec – Conference Management
> PAPER REVIEW COMMITTEE
Dr Elyssebeth Leigh Papers Coordinator
Consultant, Futuresearch
Dr Michael McGarity Paper Review Coordinator
Manager, Decision Support Services, CAE Professional Services
Mr Jawahar Bhalla Manager, Systems Engineering, CAE Australia
Dr Jonathan Binns Researcher - MT&E, Australian Maritime College
Dr Anthony Cramp Defence Scientist, Defence Science and Technology Organisation
Mr Peter Hill Consultant, Simcon Services
Mr Nick Howden Programme Manager, CAE Professional Services
Dr Heath James Modelling and Simulation Discipline Lead, Defence Science and Technology Organisation
Dr Terry Martin Senior Systems Engineer, Kobold
Professor N K Mehta Professor, Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
Professor Saeid Nahavandi Director Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University
Dr John Olsen Associate Professor School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales
Dr Peter Ryan Principal Research Scientist Defence Science and Technology Organisation
Mr Philip Swadling Chief Engineer – Simulation, Thales Australia
Dr Andreas Tolk Associate Professor, Old Dominion University
Dr Susannah Whitney Cognitive Scientist, Defence Science and Technology Organisation
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Mr Ross McAree Professor of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Queensland and Vice President for Automation at CRC Mining, QLD
Professor McAree has been working in the #eld of mining technology and equipment with CRC Mining for the last 10 years with a focus on the development of operator assist tools for electric mining shovels.
Prior to joining the University of Queensland he was an academic in the Department of Engineering Science at the University of Oxford.
Mr Dennis ThompsonCOL (ret) Dennis Thompson Colonel US Marine Corps (Retired) Director, Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Training Simulations Division, Marine Corps Training and Education Command, Quantico, Virginia, USA
Mr Thompson served nearly 30 years of active duty in the US Marine Corps
in a wide range of Joint and Marine Corps billets, retiring as a colonel in 2005. Operational tours include service with infantry, artillery, combat service support, reconnaissance, special operations capable, and communications units, as well as serving on two Marine Expeditionary Force sta!s. Strategic and operational level sta! experience was gained through duty with Headquarters Marine Corps, the Joint Sta!, and US Central Command. Training and education related tours include serving as the Marine O$cer Instructor at the Georgia Institute of Technology and commanding two formal Marine Corps schools. He attended numerous Joint and Service professional military education schools as a student. He commanded at every rank and was designated a Joint Service O$cer.
Upon retiring from active service, Mr Thompson became a research fellow with the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, a think tank focused on policy options regarding governmental use of science and technology. Assigned to the Marine Corps War#ghting Laboratory’s Center for Emerging Threats and Opportunities, he conducted research regarding the capabilities implications of future Marine Corps’ operations in Africa, hybrid warfare, actionable intelligence at the small unit level and company grade o$cer training and professional military education. Following advancement to senior research fellow in 2006, Mr Thompson supported O$ce of Naval Research and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency initiatives related to expeditionary operations, distributed operations and irregular warfare.
Mr Thompson became the Director, MAGTF Training Simulations Division in September 2008. His responsibilities include integration of ground and aviation simulations and simulators to support small unit, MAGTF, and combine arms training and resource sponsorship for ground virtual and constructive simulation training systems.
MAJGEN Steve DayJoint Capability Coordinator in VCDFDepartment of Defence
Major General Day was born into a military family in Sydney in 1960, attending a number of schools within Australia and overseas. His father and both grandfathers also served with the Australian Army.
After graduation from the O$cer Cadet School at Portsea, he was commissioned into the Corps of Royal Australian Engineers in 1982. He has served in a variety of engineer (or sapper) units, including as the Commanding O$cer of the 3rd Combat Engineer Regiment. His operational service has included deployments to Namibia, East Timor and as the Director of Strategic Operations with the Multi-National Force in Iraq. For his service in East Timor with the International Forces, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.
Major General Day has been an instructor at the Royal Military College, Duntroon; has been a Sta! O$cer to the Chief of Defence Force and has attended Defence Colleges in Australia and Malaysia. He has quali#cations from New South Wales, Canberra, Deakin and Malaya Universities.
He is a passionate cricket and rugby supporter and the current Patron of Army Cricket. Major General Day and his wife have three adult children, one of whom is now also serving in the Army.
Following an appointment as the Director General Plans at Joint Operational Command, he was appointed as the Commander of ‘South Queensland’s Own’ – the 7th Brigade – in December 2007. Major General Day was promoted and appointed as Head of Joint Capability and Coordination in February 2010.
> KEYNOTE PRESENTATIONS
> KEYNOTE ADDRESS
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Mr Heath ShonhanDirector Business Advisory Bentleys
Heath is a Director with the Business Advisory division of Bentleys Brisbane – a leading mid-tier practice in Queensland. Prior to joining Bentleys, Heath commenced his career with a “Big 4” #rm and has national and international experience across a broad spectrum of business and #nancial advisory areas.
Heath’s background in business and management consulting, middle market and institutional advisory and corporate #nance is underpinned by his specialist experience in industries including health and aged care, family owned businesses, mining and resources, technology, agribusiness, pharmaceutical, property and construction and manufacturing.
He has worked closely with businesses at all levels – from start up ventures to multi-generational enterprises. He looks after clients both locally and internationally and has been the key advisor to many large organisations – including ABN AMRO, GlaxoSmithKline and Horizon Housing Ltd.
Heath has presented at numerous industry forums and is regularly called upon by the media for insight and commentary regarding #nancial and business matters.
Brigadier Barry Neil McManusDirector General Capability and Plans, Department of Defence
Barry McManus was born and raised in Brisbane. He joined the Army in 1980 and graduated from the Royal Military College, Duntroon into the Royal Australian Corps of Transport in 1983. His junior career involved a range of regimental appointments within the 1st Division Transport Regiment.
He has held Corps, Logistic and all Corps training appointments including Senior Instructor Logistics at the Army Logistic Training Centre, Directing Sta! at the Army Command and Sta! College, Queenscli! and in 2008 Commandant of the Australian Command and Sta! College.
His operational appointments have included service as a military observer with the United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation based in Israel and with the United Nations Protection Force in the Former Yugoslavia. For his service in Yugoslavia he was awarded a United Nations Force Commander’s Commendation. As the Commanding O$cer of the 9th Force Support Battalion he saw further operational service in support of the International Force East Timor and subsequently the United Nations Transition Authority East Timor in 2000. On return from East Timor he commanded the Tri-Service Force Support Battalion providing transport, personnel, military policing and logistics support to the Sydney 2000 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Brigadier McManus has also held the operational appointment of Commanding General of the Joint Headquarters Transition Team, Multi National Security Transition Command – Iraq, where he led coalition o$cers advising and mentoring the Iraqi Joint Headquarters and Ministry of Defence. He was awarded the US Legion of Merit – O$cer, for his e!orts in this appointment.
Currently he is the Director General Capability and Plans in Capability Development Group where his responsibilities include future Capability Planning, Capability Options Testing, Network Centric Warfare, Interoperability and Ballistic Missile Defence.
As a 1983 graduate of the University of New South Wales he was awarded a Bachelor of Arts in Military Studies. He completed a Master of Defence Studies through the University of Canberra in 1999. Brigadier McManus is a graduate of the British Army Command and Sta! College, Camberley and the Australian College for Defence and Strategic Studies.
> KEYNOTE PRESENTATIONS
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MAJOR SPONSOR
SA Government South Australia is becoming known as a place where intelligence, creativity and innovative ideas are contributing to a knowledge-based future. Great minds in South Australia are designing knowledge-intensive systems and products gaining attention – and winning awards – around the world.
In South Australia, the Department of Trade and Economic Development (DTED) identi#es and pursues business and investment opportunities for the State’s diverse industries and companies. DTED is focused on promoting the rapidly expanding ICT and creative industries sector, which comprises more than 1,100 companies and includes simulation specialists solving the problems of defence, mining, health and transport clients around the world.
DINNER SPONSOR
CAE Professional Services CAE Professional Services is a global services organisation committed to helping customers optimise the use of user-centred, simulation-based analysis, design and experimentation to support the entire capability life-cycle - from initial research, concept development and implementation, to maintenance, upgrades and disposal. Our team specialises in providing solutions to the Defence, Emergency Management, Mining and Healthcare markets.
PRINCIPAL SPONSOR
CAE Australia CAE is a world leader in providing simulation and modeling technologies and integrated training solutions for the civil aviation industry and defence forces around the globe. With annual revenues exceeding C$1.4 billion, CAE employs approximately 7,000 people at more than 75 sites and training locations in 20 countries. We have the largest installed base of civil and military full-"ight simulators and training devices. Through our global network of 27 civil aviation and military training centres, we train more than 75,000 crew members yearly. We also o!er modelling and simulation software to various market segments and, through CAE ’s professional services division, we assist customers with a wide range of simulation based needs.
CAE is a major provider of advanced simulation equipment for military markets, having supplied military training simulators to defence forces of more than 30 nations, with the broadest airlift and rotary wing simulation expertise of any simulation and training company. CAE is also the world’s leading provider of civil "ight simulators with more than 65% of the global competed market. The company designed and built the world’s #rst FAA Level D full "ight simulator, the highest level of certi#cation a "ight simulator can achieve. In Australia, CAE has delivered an A380 simulator to Qantas and a Boeing 777-300 simulator for V-Australia which operates in CAE ’s #rst Australian Training Centre in Sydney. CAE is also contracted to deliver several other simulators to Qantas, Ansett Training Centre and Air New Zealand in the future, including Boeing 787 simulators for the Qantas and Air New Zealand training centres, and a B777- 300ER for Air New Zealand.
CAE has been delivering successful programs in the "ight simulation and service markets to the Australian military and civil aviation industry since 1994. The company continues to expand its o!ering to include the full suite of CAE capabilities around the world, leveraging our capabilities and experiences in other nations and continually growing a stronger domestic capability within the CAE Australia organisation. In addition to the successful delivery and ongoing support of C-130H and C-130J simulators at RAA F Richmond, the Black Hawk at AAvnTC Oakey, and a number of CAE Sim#nity Virtual Maintenance Trainers, CAE Australia’s simulator instructors also deliver training and training support to our Airlift and Black Hawk customers.
In the military sector, CAE is contracted to supply the RAA F with an A330 MRTT full-"ight and mission simulator and related services to be located in a new facility at RAA F Amberley. More recently, CAE has been awarded the prime contract to deliver MR H 90 helicopter turnkey training systems to the Australian Defence Forces, including two Full Flight & Mission Simulators in purpose-built facilities at both Oakey and Townsville.
CAE ’s Melbourne-based Professional Services group specialises in modelling, simulation, and decision support products and services, building on CAE ’s strong simulation heritage and o!ering support for capability development, analysis and experimentation. The CAE Professional Services group works across Program Management, Modelling & Simulation and Emergency Management and Human Factors to provide defence with an Integrated Capability Engineering function.
> THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS
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LUNCH SPONSOR
BAE Systems AustraliaBAE Systems is Australia’s largest defence company and o!ers the Australian Defence Force (ADF), and security customers, total capability across the aerospace, land, maritime and joint domains.
We are a leading provider of communications, electronic warfare systems, military air support, air defence, mission support systems, land combat systems, maintenance, garrison support and intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance solutions.
We combine key skills in engineering and systems integration and employ more than 6,000 people who support customers at 100 locations around Australia.
BAE Systems Australia delivers simulation solutions across a broad range of programs for all defence services, often working with specialist simulation technology providers, including SMEs.
> THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS
NAME BADGE / LANYARD SPONSOR
Cubic Defense Applications Cubic Defence Australia Pty Ltd, a subsidiary of Cubic Corporation (AMEX:CUB), provides live combat training systems and integration services for the Australian Defence Force. It is a segment of Cubic Defense Applications, based in San Diego, Calif.
A global leader in instrumented air and land-based training systems, Cubic supports single service, joint, combined and multinational missions. Cubic’s readiness systems support any mission – from section level to formation HQ training – in integrated Live, Virtual and Constructive (LVC) environments.
Cubic has delivered the majority of Combat Training Centers (CTCs) and air combat training systems throughout the world. The company is also a major provider of engagement simulation systems and virtual small arms training systems.
In Australia, Cubic provides operation and support services for two live training programs: the Land 134 Combat Training Centre - Live Instrumentation System (CTC-LIS) at Townsville; and the Australian Air Combat Manoeuvring Instrumentation (ACMI) system for F/A-18s at RAAF Base Williamtown, New South Wales.
The CTC-LIS – a fully relocatable range instrumentation system – has been deployed to other military and urban areas, giving hundreds of Australian military personnel a chance to experience the bene#ts of training with its eye-safe laser and radio engagement systems with realistic audio and visual e!ects.
The CTC-LIS can track up to 480 exercise participants by GPS, display their location in near real time on electronic maps, and capture training events to enable replay, analysis and objective performance feedback. It is highly interoperable with other live, virtual and constructive simulation systems, including the RAAF’s Air Combat Manoeuvring Instrumentation System (ACMI) for F/A-18’s. It can also be con#gured to provide battle#eld e!ects in complex urban environments.
In addition to supporting the live training systems in Australia, Cubic has provided key integration services for the Joint Combined Training Capability (JCTC) program – a major U.S.-Australia initiative to enhance joint and bilateral training. The JCTC concept was demonstrated during Exercise Talisman Sabre, which involved approximately 17,000 Australian and U.S. armed forces.
Cubic used its expertise in complex systems integration and common architectures – including the Test and Training Enabling Architecture (TENA) – to link U.S. and Australian forces in an integrated LVC environment. The TENA architecture enabled U.S.-based live training systems to interoperate with Australian training systems during TS’07. Live aircraft participated, providing close air support in a high threat, ground-based air defence environment.
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> PRE-CONFERENCE COURSES MONDAY 31 MAY 2010
C1 – SIAA INTRODUCTION TO SIMULATION IN AUSTRALIACourse Presentation - Half Day
Presenters: Phil Wallace Shane Garrett Peter RyanTime: 0830–1200Room: Plaza Level P1
C2 – SIMULATION SUPPORT TO OPERATIONSCourse Presentation – Half Day
Presenters: Dr Michael McGarity Craig Phasey Dave CooperTime: 0830–1200Room: Plaza Level P2
C3 – USING SIMULATION IN A TRAINING ENVIRONMENTCourse Presentation – Half Day
Presenters: Dr Elyssebeth Leigh Jo Thyer Amanda DaviesTime: 0830–1200 Room: Plaza Level P3
C4 – THE SUPPORT OF TRAINING SYSTEMS – ISSUESCourse Presentation – Half Day
Presenters: Roger Mulligan Jawahar Bhalla John WhelanTime: 1300–1630Room: Plaza Level P3
C5 – HUMAN FACTORS – AN INTRODUCTIONCourse Presentation – Half Day
Presenter: Dr Matthew ThomasTime: 0830–1200Room: Plaza Level P5
C6 – TRAINING NEEDS ANALYSIS FOR SIMULATION SYSTEMSInteractive Course – Half Day
Presenters: Phil Wallace Dr Gerald Sterling Jon Blacklock Ed ChoiceTime: 1300–1630Room: Plaza Level P1
C7 – TEACHING AND ASSESSING “SOFT SKILLS” IN SIMULATION ENVIRONMENTSInteractive Course – Half Day
Presenters: Dr Elyssebeth Leigh Werner Naef Peter Homann Amanda DaviesTime: 1300–1630Room: Plaza Level P2
C8 – ENVIRONMENTAL-MODELLING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SIMULATION APPLICATIONSCourse Presentation – Half Day
Presenters: Jawahar Bhalla Jennifer Palmer John Wharington Don PeruginiTime: 0830–1200Room: Plaza Level P4
C9 – SIMULATION – PREDICTING, MEASURING AND PRESENTING THE RETURN ON INVESTMENTCourse Presentation – Half Day
Presenters: Deanna Hutchinson Kellie Lister Deb JonesTime: 1300–1630Room: Plaza Level P4
C10 – GETTING TRAINING RIGHT THE FIRST TIME – MAKING TRAINING PREPARATION AND PLANNING COUNTCourse Presentation – Half Day
Presenters: Greg Martin Dr Michael McGarity Richard Brougham Bill Dahl Michael Hall Luke PatersonTime: 1300–1630Room: Plaza Level P5
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15,000+ NETWORKS, 5 MILLION+ USERS; A MODELLING, SIMULATION, DESIGN AND TEST CHALLENGEDate: Tuesday 1 JuneTime: 1130–1200Room: Great Hall – Q2Presenters: John Illgen Rich Vitamvas
RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE WHITE PAPER LAUNCHDate: Tuesday 1 JuneTime: 1430–1530Room: Great Hall-Q2Presenters: Resource and Infrastructure Special Interest Group
(SIG)
ADSO PANEL DISCUSSION INDUSTRY CHALLENGE IN DEFENCEDate: Wednesday 2 JuneTime: 1030–1100Room: Great Hall – Q2Presenters: MAJ GEN Steve Day Dr Mike Brennan BRIG Barry McManus
HOW CAN SIMULATION HELP – PEOPLE CAPABILITY CASE STUDY – EMPLOYMENT PATHWAYS PROGRAMDate: Wednesday 2 JuneTime: 1330–1430Room: Plaza Level P1Presenters: Jason Morgan
The resources industry continues to be challenged #nding su$cient experienced operators to employ and with high turnover. Simulation is one of the central tenets being adopted to ensure consistent quality of training and assessment outcomes in a new partnered approach between RTOs, Industry, labour hire organisations and government. This session explores the key challenges and proposed solutions being trialled.
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUMDate: Thursday 3 June 2010Time: 1030–1230Room: Great Hall – Q2Presenters: Nick Howden
Building on the SimTecT 2009 symposium, this further develops the key issues, concepts, technologies and challenges associated with the use of simulation within Emergency Management and National Security.
The theme of Command, Control and Communications (C3) will explore the high-level issues of inter-agency collaboration and coordination, as well as detailed elements such as exercise management.
A facilitated discussion between a panel of stakeholders and delegates, referring to a number of case studies, will allow issues to be explored in depth, and actions de#ned, to progress the development of this sector.
> SPECIAL PRESENTATIONS
This year the SimTecT 2010 Conference Organising Committee has arranged #ve (5) interesting site visits. Delegates will be transported from the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre to and from each venue. After the site visits, the coach will go to the airport before returning to the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre.
Date: Thursday, 3 June 2010Time: 1300–1630Meeting Place: SimTecT 2010 Registration Desk at
1250Transport: Coach
All site visits are subject to a minimum number of ten (10) persons.
SITE VISIT 1
SV1 – Aviation AustraliaDuration of Visit: 1.5 hoursApproximate arrival to the airport will be at 1630.
SITE VISIT 2
SV2 – Boeing Training & Flight ServicesDuration of Visit: 1.5 hoursApproximate arrival to the airport will be at 1630.
SITE VISIT 3
SV3 – Queensland RailDuration of Visit: 1.5 hoursApproximate arrival to the airport will be at 1630.
SITE VISIT 4
SV4 – Queensland Health Skills Development CentreDuration of Visit: 1.5 hoursApproximate arrival to the airport will be at 1630.
SITE VISIT 5
SV5 – Army Enogerra (WTSS, ASLAV CPT)Duration of Visit: 1.5 hoursApproximate arrival to the airport will be at 1630.
> SITE VISITS
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The trade exhibition will be located in the Great Hall of the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre. It will feature local and overseas companies, professional associations, media and end-user organisations.
Exhibition Hours Monday 31 May 2010 0800–1900
Tuesday 1 June 2010 0800–1700
Wednesday 2 June 2010 0800–1700
Thursday 3 June 2010 0800–1500
> TRADE EXHIBITION
B O O T H 1 A N D 2
Australia Defence Simulation O!ceLori CatelliRussell O$ces (R1-03-B029)CANBERRA ACT 2600P: +61 6265 7108E: [email protected] W: www.defence.gov.au/capability/ADSO
B O O T H 5 A N D 6
Calytrix Technologies Pty Ltd Shawn ParrLevel 2, 110 William StreetPERTH WA 6000 P: +61 8 9325 50E: [email protected] W: www.calytrix.com
Boehemia Interactive Australia Pty LtdPeter Morrison138 Magnus StreetNELSONS BAY NSW 2316P: +61 2 8412 8128E: [email protected] W: www.bisimulations.com
B O O T H 7
Forum8Anita Byrnes3/83 Birriga RoadBELLEVUE HILL NSW 2023P: +61 2 9130 1448E: [email protected] W: www.forum8.com
B O O T H 8
Mining Industry Skills CentreLisa Cooksey164 Wharf StreetSPRING HILL QLD 4004P: +61 7 3872 8500E: [email protected] W: www.miskillscentre.com.au
B O O T H 11
Cubic Defence AustraliaMark Horn3/16 Casey StreetAITKENVALE QLD 4814P: +61 7 4775 1881E: [email protected] W: www.cubic-australia.com.au
B O O T H 12
TMN Simulation (Flexsim)Kenny MacLeodPO Box 417ST KILDA VIC 3182P: +61 421 952 540E: [email protected] W: www.tmnsimulation.com.au
B O O T H 13
Kellogg Brown and RootDavie ShinerLevel 4, 11 Lancaster PlaceMAJURA PARK ACT 2609P: +61 409 027 173E: [email protected] W: www.kbr.com
B O O T H 14
ALELO IncMichelle Flowers12910 Culver Boulevard, Suite JLOS ANGELES, CA 90066 USAP: +1 310 574 7500E: [email protected] W: www.alelo.com
B O O T H 15
Australian Defence Business ReviewTrevor J ThomasPO Box 250MAWSON ACT 2607P: +61 2 6260 5944E: [email protected] W: www.adbr.com.au
> EXHIBITION BOOTH LISTING
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B O O T H 18
EtoM TechnologiesRoy Park16a Coronet GroveBEAUMARIS VIC 3193P: +61 409 463 108E: [email protected] W: www.e2msimulation.eu
B O O T H 19
Government of South AustraliaHamish ParkThe Conservatory 131–139 Grenfell StreetADELAIDE SA 5000P: +61 8 8226 2943E: [email protected]
B O O T H 2 0
Government of South AustraliaHamish ParkThe Conservatory 131 – 139 Grenfell StreetADELAIDE SA 5000P: +61 8 8226 2943E: [email protected]
B O O T H 21
Geoimage Pty LtdGreg Madden13/180 Moggill RoadTARINGA QLD 4068P: +61 7 3871 0088E: [email protected] W: www.geoimage.com.au
B O O T H 2 2
Australian Defence MagazineDavid Jones1st Floor, 182 Bay TerraceWYNNUM QLD 4178P: +61 412 188 100E: davidjones@ya!a.com.au W: www.australiandefence.com.au
B O O T H 2 3 , 2 4 A N D 2 5
Dept of Employment, Economic Development & Innovation (DEEDI)Mark FludderLevel 8, Education House, 20 Mary StreetBRISBANE QLD 4000P: +61 7 3405 5111E: [email protected] W: www.ict.industry.qld.gov.au
B O O T H 27, 2 8 , 2 9 A N D 3 0
CAE Australia Pty LtdMichelle Byrne139 Coronation DriveMILTON QLD 4064P: +61 7 3243 0600E: [email protected] W: www.cae.com
B O O T H 32
FlightSafety InternationalRichard Lofton2700 N Hemlock CircleBROKEN ARROW OK 74012 USAP: +1 918 259 4000E: Richard.lofton@"ightsafety.com W: www."ightsafety.com
B O O T H 3 4
Hastings Deering Institute of Technology Chris Nolan98 Kerry RoadACHRERFIELD QLD 4108P: +61 7 3365 9388E: [email protected] W: www.hastingsdeering.com.au
B O O T H 41
AUSPACE Pty LtdCraig Phasey1 Geelong StreetFYSHWICK ACT 2609P: +61 434 915 201E: [email protected] W: www.auspace.com.au
B O O T H 4 5 , 4 6 , 47 A N D 4 8
ThalesDoreen Christie-JamiesonLevel 2, Building 314GARDEN ISLAND NSW 2011P: +61 2 9562 2819E: [email protected] W: www.thalesgroup.com.au
B O O T H 51 A N D 52
Virtual Reality SolutionsRichard McMullenUnit 16110, 20 Depot StreetBANYO QLD 4014P: +61 7 3844 9514E: [email protected] W: www.vrs.com.au
> BOOTH LISTING CONTINUED
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> TRADE EXHIBITION FLOORPLAN
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> VENUE FLOORPLAN
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> GENERAL INFORMATION
Welcome to BrisbaneBrisbane is Australia’s fastest growing city and is rated the world’s sixth best business destination by The Economist magazine.
The seat of government and commerce in the state of Queensland, Brisbane has a population of 1.8 million and is the gateway to Australia’s most popular tourist region.
Brisbane is serviced by world-class domestic and international airports located just 20 minutes from the city centre. Brisbane International Airport operates 24/7 and has direct international "ights each week.
Conference VenueThe Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre is a world-class venue over three levels, purpose-built to provide superb "exibility and versatility under one roof. The Centre o!ers a comprehensive range of fully integrated in-house services delivered by a team of experienced professionals whose commitment to excellence extends across all needs.
It is located in the resort-style riverside precinct at South Bank, in the heart of cosmopolitan Brisbane. The impressive riverside location also o!ers a vast array of unique creative, cultural, entertainment and leisure activities.
O$cially ranked among the top three convention centres worldwide, this is a world-leading venue. Since opening in 1995, through the Centre’s commitment to excellence, it has received 98 industry awards - making it the most awarded convention centre in Australia.
Banks and ATM’sThe Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre provides an automatic teller machine located on the Concourse between Great Hall and Exhibition Hall 1. This machine accepts all cards with the exception of Bank of Queensland. Other ATM’s are available at South Bank.
General banking hours are Monday to Thursday 9.30am to 4.00pm and Fridays until 5.00pm.
Business CentreBusiness Centre facilities are available from the Information Desk located in the Main Foyer.
Car Parking1,600 undercover parking spaces are available at the Brisbane Convention Centre, accessed by Merivales Street and Grey Street, open 24 hours, 7 days a week at a maximum daily rate of $21.00 per day, per vehicle.
Professional Conference Organisers
Consec – Conference ManagementPO Box 3127BMDC ACT 2617 AustraliaConference Manager: Barry Neame, PCO-DIRConference Coordinator: Margie Wallace, Dip Events MgtTelephone: +61 2 6251 0675Facsimile: +61 2 6251 0672
WELCOME RECEPTIONDate: Monday 31 May 2010Time: 1730–1900Location: SimTecT 2010 Trade Exhibition Area Great Hall, Brisbane Convention &
Exhibition Centre
OPTIONAL SOCIAL EVENINGDate: Tuesday 1 June 2010Time: 1930–2230Location: Brett’s Wharf Restaurant, Brisbane River 449 Kingsford Smith Drive Hamilton, BrisbaneTransport: City Cat (not included in cost)
CONFERENCE DINNER
Sponsored by CAE Professional Services Date: Wednesday 2 June 2010Time: 1900–2330Location: Plaza Terrace Room
> SOCIAL PROGRAM
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> GENERAL INFORMATION CONTINUED
ClimateAs Australia’s largest sub-tropical city Brisbane has more sunny days than Florida and warmer winter days than the Bahamas. Brisbane’s average temperatures range from a minimum of 12 degrees to a maximum of 22 degrees.
Conference Program and ChangesPlease check the message board in the registration area each morning for noti#cation of any changes to the program. The chair of each session will also notify delegates of changes to the program.
DisclaimerThe SimTecT 2010 Conference Program and Handbook is correct at the time of printing. However, the organisers reserve the right to change the program where necessary.
MessagesMessages can be collected and left at the Registration Desk. All messages will be posted on the message board adjacent to the desk. Please check the board on passing.
Mobile Telephone PolicyMobile phones are not to be used while sessions are in progress. Please ensure they are turned o! during these times.
Name BadgesYour name badge is your entry into the conference sessions (excluding exhibitors who are not fully registered), morning/afternoon teas, lunches and the Welcome Reception. Please ensure that you wear your name badge at all times and if misplaced, please see the sta! at the registration desk as soon as possible for a replacement.
No Smoking PolicySmoking is not permitted anywhere within the Centre building. It is the policy of the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre in accordance with the Queensland State Government Legislation.
In addition, smoking is not permitted within four metres of any building entry or door and is not permitted at any external catering area.
Personal InsuranceDelegates shall be regarded in every aspect as carrying their own risk for loss or injury to person or property, including baggage during the Conference. The policy taken should include the loss of deposit through cancellation, medical insurance, loss or damage to personal property, #nancial loss incurred through disruptions to accommodation or travel arrangements due to strikes or other industrial action. The organisers are in no way responsible for any claims concerning insurance.
Privacy ClauseIn registering for this conference, relevant details were incorporated into a delegate list for the bene#t of all delegates (name, organisation and state only), and will be made available to parties directly related to the conference including Consec – Conference Management, SIAA, the Conference Organising
Committee, venues and accommodation providers (for the purposes of room bookings and conference options), key sponsors (subject to strict conditions) and parties associated with related conferences.
By completing the registration form, you have acknowledged that the details (name, organisation and state) supplied by you may be used for the purposes previously described above.
Public TelephonesPublic telephones are located in the Main Foyer, Mezzanine and Plaza Level Foyers and on the Concourse outside each Exhibition Hall.
Registration DeskThe conference registration desk will be situated in the foyer outside the Trade Exhibition, Great Hall, Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre and sta!ed as follows:
Monday 31 May 2010 0730–1900Tuesday 1 June 2010 0730–1700Wednesday 2 June 2010 0730–1700Thursday 3 June 2010 0800–1500
Pre-Conference Courses Registration
Monday 31 May 2010 0730–1700
Conference Registration
Monday 1600–1700Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday 0730–1000
Special NeedsWe endeavour to ensure delegates with special needs are catered for. Should you require particular assistance, please see the sta! at the Registration Desk.
Transport to/from the AirportBrisbane’s Airport is located just 20mins from Brisbane’s Central Business District and the Convention Centre – venue for the Conference. It will cost you approximately $40.00 in a taxi to/from transfer from the airport.
Useful Telephone NumbersBrisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre +61 7 3308 3000Rydges South Bank +61 7 3364 0800The Mercure Hotel +61 7 3237 2463Hotel Ibis Brisbane +61 7 3237 2333Mantra South Bank +61 7 3305 2500Qantas 13 13 13Virgin Blue 13 67 89Black & White Cabs 131 008Yellow Cabs 13 1924
Website The SimTecT 2010 Conference website is www.simtect.com
Wireless Internet A complimentary wireless internet is provided – please respect the shared bandwidth.
17
PR
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MO
ND
AY
MA
Y 3
1
> SIMTECT 2010 PROGRAM
MONDAY MAY 31 2010
COURSESFrom 0730 REGISTRATION
Registration Desk
0830–1200 Plaza Level P1COURSE C1SIAA Introduction to Simulation in Australia
AM Phil Wallace Shane Garett Peter Ryan
0830–1200 Plaza Level P2COURSE C2Simulation Support to Operations
AM Dr Michael McGarity Craig PhaseyDave Cooper
0830–1200 Plaza Level P3COURSE C3 Using Simulation in a Training Environment
AM Dr Elyssebeth Leigh Jo Thyer Amanda Davies
0830–1200 Plaza Level P4COURSE C8Environmental-Modelling Infrastructure for Simulation Applications
AM Jawahar Bhalla Jennifer Palmer John Wharington Don Perugini
0830–1200 Plaza Level P5COURSE C5Human Factors – An Introduction
AM Dr Matthew Thomas
1000–1030 MORNING TEATrade & Exhibition Hall
1200–1300 LUNCHTrade & Exhibition Hall
1430–1500 AFTERNOON TEATrade & Exhibition Hall
1300–1630 Plaza Level P1COURSE C6Training Needs Analysis for Simulation Systems
PM Phil Wallace Dr Gerald Sterling Jon Blacklock Ed Choice
1300–1630 Plaza Level P2COURSE C7Teaching and Assessing “Soft Skills” in Simulation Environments
PM Dr Elyssebeth Leigh Werner Naef Peter Homann Amanda Davies
1300–1630 Plaza Level P3COURSE C4 The Support of Training Systems – Issues
PM Roger Mulligan John Whelan Jawahar Bhalla
1300–1630 Plaza Level P4COURSE C9Simulation – Predicting, Measuring and Presenting the Return on Investment
PM Deanna Hutchinson Kellie Lister Deb Jones
1300–1630 Plaza Level P5COURSE C10 Getting Training Right the First Time – Making Training Preparation and Planning Count
PM Greg Martin Dr Michael McGarity Richard Brougham Bill Dahl Michael Hall Luke Paterson
1730–1900 WELCOME RECEPTIONTrade & Exhibition Hall
Disclaimer: The conference program and registration information is correct at the time of printing. However, the organisers reserve the right to change the information where necessary without notice.
18
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atio
n fo
r Arc
hite
ctur
al C
once
pt
Inve
stig
atio
ns: A
Cas
e St
udy
in F
utur
e U
nder
sea
Plat
form
sFr
eder
ick
Har
dtke
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 1
4Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: Te
chno
logi
stO
cean
Env
ironm
ent M
odel
ling
– In
terp
retin
g a
Larg
e D
ata
Stru
ctur
e in
Rea
l Tim
eRy
an H
arris
on
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 8
Targ
et A
udie
nce:
Use
r / M
anag
erTi
me
to S
top
Play
ing
Gam
es –
Ser
ious
lyM
att M
oncr
ie!,
Sha
wn
Parr
and
Ste
ve S
alm
on
Def
ence
Def
ence
Def
ence
Anal
ysis
& E
xper
imen
tatio
nAn
alys
is &
Exp
erim
enta
tion
Trai
ning
1100
–113
0PR
ESEN
TATI
ON
87
Targ
et A
udie
nce:
Use
r / M
anag
erM
ine
Mod
ellin
g A
nd V
isua
lisat
ion
– A
Case
St
udy
Nic
k H
owde
n, D
avid
Bel
lm, M
ark
Gre
bler
and
Julia
n An
dreo
u
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 6
4Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: Te
chno
logi
stO
pen
Sour
se A
naly
zer f
or S
ISO
-J T
actic
al D
ata
Link
Sim
ulat
ion
Will
iam
Rob
erts
on, P
eter
Ros
s and
And
rew
Rob
bie
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 3
9Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: Te
chno
logi
stU
sing
Sim
ulat
ion
to A
sses
s Res
pons
e to
In
tero
pera
bilit
y Fa
ilure
s Dur
ing
a Cr
isis
Mar
tin S
tytz
and
She
ila B
anks
Reso
urce
s / In
fras
truc
ture
Def
ence
Emer
genc
y M
anag
emen
tTe
chno
logi
esTr
aini
ngTe
chno
logi
es
1130
–120
0PR
ESEN
TATI
ON
25
Targ
et A
udie
nce:
Tech
nolo
gist
Colli
mat
ed V
isua
l Dis
play
– R
epla
cing
the
BP
Scre
en w
ith S
hape
d LC
D’s
Roge
r Mul
ligan
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 7
9Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: Te
chno
logi
stA
n Em
piric
al E
xam
inat
ion
of F
eedb
ack:
Use
r Co
ntro
l and
Per
form
ance
in a
Hap
to-A
udio
-Vi
sual
Tra
inin
g En
viro
nmen
tD
awei
Jia,
Asim
Bha
tti a
nd S
aeid
Nah
avan
di
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 2
3Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: Te
chno
logi
stA
Wire
less
Sen
sor N
etw
ork
for S
yste
m
Iden
ti"ca
tion
of S
ailb
oat D
ingh
ies
Gra
ham
Ben
nett
, Chr
is M
anzi
e, D
enny
Oet
omo,
Jo
nath
an B
inns
and
Nor
man
Sau
nder
s
Def
ence
Def
ence
Educ
atio
nTe
chno
logi
esTr
aini
ngTe
chno
logi
es
1200
–123
0A
DSO
PRE
SEN
TATI
ON
The
Stat
e of
Pla
yD
r Mik
e Br
enna
n, A
DSO
Dire
ctor
Gen
eral
Si
mul
atio
n
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 8
2Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: U
ser /
Man
ager
Hig
h Fi
delit
y Ra
dar S
imul
atio
n on
a K
iwi S
ized
Bu
dget
Step
hen
With
erde
n
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 7
0Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: Te
chno
logi
stEn
hanc
ing
Synt
hetic
Env
ironm
ents
. A
Cons
truc
tive/
Virt
ual U
se C
ase
Bruc
e Ro
bbin
s
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 7
8Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: U
ser /
Man
ager
Hig
h Fi
delit
y Li
ve S
imul
atio
n fo
r Com
batin
g PT
SDD
yan
L Moo
re a
nd E
lyss
ebet
h Le
igh
Def
ence
Def
ence
Def
ence
Trai
ning
Trai
ning
Trai
ning
> S
IMT
EC
T 2
010
PR
OG
RA
M
> W
ED
NE
SD
AY
JU
NE
02
22
1230
–133
0LU
NCH
Tra
de &
Exh
ibiti
on H
all
F111
Mis
sion
Sim
ulat
or V
ideo
Stre
am 1
AD
SOSt
ream
2
Stre
am 3
St
ream
4
Gre
at H
all Q
2Pl
aza
Leve
l P1
Plaz
a Le
vel P
2Pl
aza
Leve
l P3
1330
–140
0A
DSO
PRE
SEN
TATI
ON
Def
ence
Sim
ulat
ion
Road
map
& P
relim
inar
y D
efen
ce S
imul
atio
n A
rchi
tect
ure
Prin
cipa
l Aut
hors
SPEC
IAL
PRES
ENTA
TIO
NH
ow C
an S
imul
atio
n H
elp
– Pe
ople
Cap
abili
ty
Case
Stu
dy –
Em
ploy
men
t Pat
hway
s Pro
gram
Jaso
n M
orga
n, S
peci
alis
t Lea
rnin
g an
d D
evel
opm
ent P
rodu
cts,
Min
ing
Indu
stry
Ski
lls
Cent
re In
c
1400
–143
0A
DSO
PRE
SEN
TATI
ON
JP30
28 M
arke
t Sur
vey
Prin
cipa
l Aut
hor
1430
–150
0A
DSO
PRE
SEN
TATI
ON
Join
t Sim
ulat
ion
Jam
es M
cRae
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 1
7Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: Te
chno
logi
stBa
sic
Mes
sage
For
mat
s for
a C
yber
War
fare
Si
mul
atio
n En
viro
nmen
tM
artin
Sty
tz a
nd S
heila
Ban
ks
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 8
6Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: U
ser /
Man
ager
Tow
ards
a F
ram
ewor
k fo
r Aft
er A
ctio
n Re
view
fo
r Sem
i-Aut
omat
ed A
naly
sis
Dag
han
Acay
and
Ric
hard
Yan
ieri
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 5
1Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: U
ser /
Man
ager
Trai
ning
of N
on-T
echn
ical
Ski
lls B
ased
on
a Ri
sk
Base
d Tr
aini
ng N
eeds
Ana
lysi
sW
erne
r Nae
f
Def
ence
Def
ence
Emer
genc
y M
anag
emen
tTe
chno
logi
esTr
aini
ngSe
rious
Gam
es
1500
–153
0A
DSO
PRE
SEN
TATI
ON
Land
400
Sim
ulat
ion
Opp
ortu
nitie
sLa
nd 4
00 is
an
acqu
isiti
on p
rogr
am fo
r the
de
liver
y of
com
bat v
ehic
le fa
mili
es w
hich
ex
ploi
t tec
hnol
ogy
to d
eliv
er a
rapi
dly
depl
oyed
, m
ediu
m-w
eigh
t Lan
d ca
pabi
lity.
Jo
n Va
ugha
n
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 1
8Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: Te
chno
logi
stTh
e Ro
le o
f Mod
elin
g an
d Si
mul
atio
n in
D
evel
opin
g Se
cure
Com
putin
g En
viro
nmen
tsM
artin
Sty
tz a
nd S
heila
Ban
ks
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 4
1Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: U
ser /
Man
ager
LVC
Five
Yea
r Dev
elop
men
t Pla
n fo
r JCT
CJa
mes
Mcr
ae
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 8
5Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: Te
chno
logi
stSe
mi-A
utom
ated
Cau
sal A
naly
sis i
n Si
mul
atio
n Ba
sed
Mili
tary
Tra
inin
gD
agha
n Ac
ay
Def
ence
Def
ence
Educ
atio
nTe
chno
logi
esTr
aini
ngTr
aini
ng
1530
–160
0A
FTER
NO
ON
TEA
Tra
de &
Exh
ibiti
on H
all
> S
IMT
EC
T 2
010
PR
OG
RA
M
> W
ED
NE
SD
AY
JU
NE
02
23
PR
OG
RA
M -
WE
DN
ES
DA
Y J
UN
E 0
2
Stre
am 1
AD
SOSt
ream
2
Stre
am 3
St
ream
4
Gre
at H
all Q
2Pl
aza
Leve
l P1
Plaz
a Le
vel P
2Pl
aza
Leve
l P3
1600
–163
0A
DSO
PRE
SEN
TATI
ON
JDSC
: A F
lexi
ble
Tool
Set
for C
apab
ility
D
evel
opm
ent D
ecis
ion
Supp
ort
Dun
can
Tailb
y, H
ead
Join
t Cap
abili
ty R
esea
rch,
Jo
int O
pera
tions
Div
isio
n, D
efen
ce S
cien
ce a
nd
Tech
nolo
gy O
rgan
isat
ion
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 3
Targ
et A
udie
nce:
Tech
nolo
gist
A Si
mul
ator
for S
emi-A
uton
omou
s UAV
In
tegr
atio
n in
to a
Com
bat R
ole
John
Pag
e an
d N
atha
n Ki
nkai
d
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 1
Targ
et A
udie
nce:
Use
r / M
anag
erVo
ice
Com
man
d fo
r a V
irtu
al In
fant
ry
Sim
ulat
ion:
Qua
ntify
ing
the
Bene
"tEd
war
d Ro
wla
nds a
nd M
icha
el B
arlo
w
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 3
7Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: U
ser /
Man
ager
Less
ons f
rom
the
Fiel
d: E
xplo
ring
the
Impa
ct o
f D
ebrie
"ng
Sim
ulat
ion
Exer
cise
sAm
anda
Dav
ies
Def
ence
Def
ence
Educ
atio
nTe
chno
logi
esTr
aini
ngTr
aini
ng
1630
–170
0A
DSO
PRE
SEN
TATI
ON
Land
Hel
icop
ter D
ock:
Shi
p W
alk-
Thro
ugh
Com
pute
r Mod
elTo
m R
eyno
lds a
nd R
owan
Tin
k
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 3
6Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: Te
chno
logi
stA
Dis
trib
uted
Env
ironm
enta
l-Mod
ellin
g D
ata
Serv
erJo
hn W
harin
gton
, Ale
xei S
kvor
tsov
, And
rew
Wal
ker,
Scot
t Pen
rose
and
Jenn
ifer P
alm
er
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 2
1Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: U
ser /
Man
ager
The
Ope
n Si
mul
atio
n Pl
atfo
rm (U
SIP
OSP
): En
ablin
g yo
u to
Cre
ate
and
Cond
uct O
nlin
e Tr
aini
ng S
imul
atio
ns a
t No
Cost
for t
he
Tech
nolo
gyRo
nald
“Ski
p” C
ole
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 8
8Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: U
ser /
Man
ager
Hos
pita
l Sur
ge C
apac
ity
Man
agem
ent T
hrou
gh
Sim
ulat
ion
Nic
k H
owde
n, Ju
lie Tr
pkov
ski a
nd M
ark
Gre
bler
Def
ence
Def
ence
Hea
lthTe
chno
logi
esTr
aini
ngO
pera
tions
1700
–173
0A
DSO
PRE
SEN
TATI
ON
Aero
spac
eTB
A
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 6
9Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: Te
chno
logi
stIm
plem
enta
tion
of IE
EE D
IS D
eep
Pack
et
Insp
ectio
n Fi
rew
all i
n FP
GA
Har
dwar
dH
ugh
Ackl
and,
Pet
er R
oss a
nd A
ndre
w R
obbi
e
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 4
3Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: U
ser /
Man
ager
From
CRE
AM
S to
Fle
et S
ynth
etic
Tra
inin
g an
d Be
yond
Pete
r Cla
rk, P
eter
Ros
s, W
ill O
liver
, Pet
er R
yan
and
Ralp
h M
acdo
nald
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 6
1Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: U
ser /
Man
ager
Ensk
illin
g N
ew S
imul
atio
n Pr
ofes
sion
als:
A
Gra
duat
e Ce
rti"
cate
in H
ealth
care
Sim
ulat
ion
Phill
ipa
Nea
ds, M
arcu
s Wat
son
and
Dyl
an C
amph
er
Def
ence
Def
ence
Hea
lthTe
chno
logi
esTr
aini
ngTr
aini
ng
1900
–233
0CO
NFE
REN
CE D
INN
ER P
laza
Terr
ace
Room
> S
IMT
EC
T 2
010
PR
OG
RA
M
> W
ED
NE
SD
AY
JU
NE
02
24
TH
UR
SD
AY
JU
NE
03
20
10Fr
om 0
800
REG
ISTR
ATIO
N R
egist
ratio
n D
esk
Stre
am 1
St
ream
2
Stre
am 3
St
ream
4
Gre
at H
all Q
2Pl
aza
Leve
l P1
Plaz
a Le
vel P
2Pl
aza
Leve
l P3
0900
–093
0
0930
–100
0
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 1
6Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: Te
chno
logi
stSi
mul
atin
g G
oal D
riven
UAV
Clu
ster
s –
Indi
vidu
al C
hara
cter
istic
sPh
ilip
Sam
mon
s and
John
Pag
e
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 8
3Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: U
ser /
Man
ager
Beha
viou
ral a
nd O
rgan
isat
iona
l Mod
ellin
g Fr
amew
ork
Supp
ort f
or P
aram
edic
Tra
inin
gM
ario
Sel
vest
rel, E
van
Har
ris, J
oel S
chm
idt a
nd M
ark
Gre
bler
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 3
0Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: U
ser /
Man
ager
Dev
elop
men
t of a
n In
tera
ctiv
e Vi
sual
Kn
owle
dge
Man
agem
ent S
yste
m fo
r Su
stai
nabl
e M
inin
g Pr
actic
esPh
illip
Sto
thar
d an
d D
avid
Laur
ence
Emer
genc
y M
anag
emen
tEm
erge
ncy
Man
agem
ent
Reso
urce
s / In
fras
truc
ture
Ope
ratio
nsTr
aini
ngPo
licy
and
Man
agem
ent
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 7
6Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: Te
chno
logi
stD
oes N
oteb
ook-
Base
d, A
cces
sibl
e Si
mul
atio
n Tr
aini
ng C
reat
e Cy
bers
ickn
ess?
Susa
n Br
uck
and
Paul
Wat
ters
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 3
5Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: Te
chno
logi
stA
Met
hodo
logy
for R
e-Va
lidat
ing
Sim
ulat
ion
Soft
war
e Fo
llow
ing
a Ch
ange
in
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
atfo
rmJo
hn P
odle
na, K
eith
Josh
i and
Xia
omin
g Zh
ang
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 2
9Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: U
ser /
Man
ager
Eval
uatin
g th
e E#
ectiv
enes
s of V
irtu
al R
ealit
y Le
arni
ng in
a M
inin
g Co
ntex
tLa
uren
Ben
nett
, Phi
llip
Stot
hard
and
Jam
es K
ehoe
Hea
lthTr
ansp
orta
tion
Educ
atio
n
Trai
ning
Tech
nolo
gies
Anal
ysis
& E
xper
imen
tatio
n
1000
–103
0M
ORN
ING
TEA
Tra
de &
Exh
ibiti
on H
all
> S
IMT
EC
T 2
010
PR
OG
RA
M
> T
HU
RS
DA
Y J
UN
E 0
3
Stre
am 1
St
ream
2
Stre
am 3
St
ream
4
Gre
at H
all Q
2Pl
aza
Leve
l P1
Plaz
a Le
vel P
2Pl
aza
Leve
l P3
1030
–110
0SP
ECIA
L PR
ESEN
TATI
ON
Emer
genc
y M
anag
emen
t Sym
posi
umIn
tera
ctiv
e Pa
nel D
iscu
ssio
nFa
cilit
ator
: Nic
k H
owde
n A/
Prof
And
rew
Wilf
ord,
Pro
fess
or o
f Pro
ject
M
anag
emen
t, Sc
hool
of S
usta
inab
le
Dev
elop
men
t, Bo
nd U
nive
rsity
Chie
f Sup
erin
tend
ent A
ndre
w S
hort
, Dire
ctor
, Sc
hool
of F
ire a
nd R
escu
e Se
rvic
e Tr
aini
ng,
Que
ensl
and
Fire
and
Res
cue
Serv
ice
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 3
1Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: U
ser /
Man
ager
Thre
e Ph
ases
of S
imul
atio
nCh
ris H
uggi
ns
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 1
5Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: Te
chno
logi
stRe
mov
ing
the
Fuzz
y an
d Ad
ding
the
Logi
c to
Sy
stem
Lev
el T
rain
ing
Hea
th P
ratt
, And
rew
Nee
ly a
nd M
icha
el H
arra
p
PRES
ENTA
TIO
N 9
6Ta
rget
Aud
ienc
e: Te
chno
logi
stLe
vera
ging
Sim
ulat
ion
Syst
ems b
y Se
para
ting
your
Con
cern
sD
ougl
as B
este
r and
Apo
lon
Ivan
kovi
c
Educ
atio
nEm
erge
ncy
Man
agem
ent
Reso
urce
s / In
fras
truc
ture
Trai
ning
Trai
ning
Tech
nolo
gies
1100
–113
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NOTES
27
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TUESDAY 1 JUNE 2010
PLENARY SESSION0830%0845 Welcome Address 32Mr Adrian, Smith, SIAA Deputy Chair
PLENARY SESSION0845%0930Keynote Address – The Need for Change 32MAJGEN Steve Day, Joint Capability Coordinator in VCDF Department of Defense
PLENARY SESSION0930%1000 Keynote Address – The People Challenges 32Mr Ross McAree, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of QLD and Vice President for Automation at CRC Mining
PLENARY SESSION1030%1130 Keynote Address – The Systems Challenges 32COL (ret) Dennis Thompson, Director Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Training Simulations Division, Marine Corps Training and Education Command
STREAM 1 DEFENCE1130%1230
SPECIAL PRESENTATION15,000+ Networks, 5 Million+ Users: A Modelling, Simulation, Design and Test Challenge 32John Illgen and Rich Vitamvas
Presentation 63Simulation Studies of Naval Warships using the Ship Air Defence Model (SADM) 33Sharada Boinepalli and Garry Brown
STREAM 2 DEFENCE1130%1230
Presentation 75Realistic Virtual Actors for Training in Counterterrorism 33Rick Evertsz, Matteo Pedrotti and William Glover
Presentation 44Serious Games Need Serious Performance Measures: A Case Study 33Susannah Whitney, Philip Temby and Ashley Stephens
STREAM 3 DEFENCE1130%1230
Presentation 5Mimicking Human Problem-Solving With Agents: Exploring Model Calibration 34Anthony Dekker
Presentation 48Link-16 Interoperability for the RAAF ADGESIM and AWSIM Simulators 34Lucien Zalcman, Jon Blacklock and Peter Ross
STREAM 4 DEFENCE1130%1200
Presentation 66CE/CBD – A Key Element of a Common Simulation Environment 34Eddie De Souza
STREAM 4 EDUCATION1200%1230
Presentation 77User Research for Games and Simulations 34Andrew Stapleton and Elyssebeth Leigh
PLENARY SESSION1330%1430 Keynote Address – What is the Cost of Ownership? And How to Finance it. 35Mr Heath Shonhan, Director Business Advisory Bentleys
STREAM 1 RESOURCES / INFRASTRUCTURE
1430%1530Resources and Infrastructure White Paper Launch 35Resources and Infrastructure Special Interest Group
> ABSTRACTS – CONTENTS
page no.
28
STREAM 2 DEFENCE1430%1530
Presentation 89Sun Tzu, Serious Games and the Art of War 35John Welsh
Presentation 24The Super Seasprite Simulator Visual – An Unwise Choice? 35Roger Mulligan
STREAM 3 DEFENCE1430%1530
Presentation 49A Tool for Optimising Satellite Based Maritime Surveillance 36David Clark, David Lingard and Adam Davies
Presentation 58Use of M&S to Support Acquisition of Major Naval Systems 36John Bos, Jeremy Graham and Jason Mitchell
STREAM 4 DEFENCE1430%1530
Presentation 2Agent-Based Simulation for Counter-Led: A Simulation Science Survey 36Anthony Dekker
Presentation 7Using Open Source to Build Comprehensive Battlespace Simulations 36Raphael Cuisinier, Michael Brunel and Stephanie Prudhomme
STREAM 1 DEFENCE1600%1730
Presentation 46Designing the System Right – A Progressive VV&A Framework for Simulation Based Systems with Particular Focus on Design Veri!cation 37Jawahar Bhalla
Presentation 60Application of M&S VV&A in the Anzac Ship ASMD Upgrade Project 37Mark Williamson, David Munro-Ford, Jeremy Graham, John Bos and Jason Mitchell
Presentation 47Improving Data Management: Giving Sta" ‘Belief’ in Change 38David Hughes and Mike Pearson
STREAM 2 DEFENCE1600%1730
Presentation 80Economics of Speed in Military Applications 38Christian Host and Derek Empson
Presentation 45Reducing the Pain of Terrain – The Gems Project 38Thomas Stanzione and Kevin Johnson
Presentation 57Unexpected Alliances: A Health Simulation Centre and Two Defence Forces 38Phillipa Neads, Marcus Watson and Derek Wright
STREAM 3 DEFENCE1600%1730
Presentation 62Sea Warrior: Simulated Exercises for the Anzac Ship ASMD Upgrade 39Andrew Knight, Heath James and Peter Freeman
Presentation 26Database Management System for Performance Based System Assessment of Military Multi-Mission Platforms 39Andrew Pozzetti, Cees Bil and Graham Clarke
Presentation 56Strategic and Tactical Airlift Modelling 40Dushy Tissainayagam
STREAM 4 DEFENCE1600%1730
Presentation 55Real-time Threat Volume Generation for an Airborne Target using GPU-Based Parallel Processing 40Anthony Nixon
Presentation 91SORD over WAN: Adding Simulation Richness to Distributed Exercises 40Rodney Figaroa and Lowell Baker
WEDNESDAY 2 JUNE 2010
PLENARY SESSION0900%1000Keynote Address – Factors that Shape Capability 41BRIG Barry McManus, Director General Capability and Plans Department of Defence
STREAM 1 ADSO1030%1230
PANEL DISCUSSIONADSO Industry Challenge to Defence 41MAJGEN Steve Day, Joint Capability Coordinator in VCDFDr Mike Brennan, Director General SimulationBRIG Barry McManus, Director General Capability and PlansRepresentative, United States Marine Corps
ADSO PresentationThe State of Play 41Dr Mike Brennan, ADSO Director General Simulation
29
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STREAM 2 DEFENCE1030%1100
Presentation 92Usage of Enterprise Level Modelling and Simulation for Architectural Concept Investigations: A Case Study in Future Undersea Platforms 41Frederick Hardtke
STREAM 2 RESOURCES / INFRASTRUCTURE1100%1130
Presentation 87Mine Modelling and Visualisation – A Case Study 41Nick Howden, David Bellm, Mark Grebler and Julian Andreou
STREAM 2 DEFENCE1130%1230
Presentation 25Collimated Visual Display – Replacing the BP Screen with Shaped LCD’s 42Roger Mulligan
Presentation 82High Fidelity Radar Simulation on a Kiwi Sized Budget 42Stephen Witherden
STREAM 3 DEFENCE1030%1230
Presentation 14Ocean Environment Modelling – Interpreting a Large Data Structure in Real Time 42Ryan Harrison
Presentation 64Open Sourse Analyzer for SISO-J Tactical Data Link Simulation 42William Robertson, Peter Ross and Andrew Robbie
Presentation 79An Empirical Examination of Feedback: User Control and Performance in a Hapto-Audio-Visual Training Environment 42Dawei Jia, Asim Bhatti and Saeid Nahavandi
Presentation 70Enhancing Synthetic Environments. A Constructive / Virtual Use Case 43Bruce Robbins
STREAM 4 DEFENCE1030%1100
Presentation 8Time to Stop Playing Games – Seriously 43Matt Moncrie!, Shawn Parr and Steve Salmon
STREAM 4 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT1100%1130
Presentation 39Using Simulation to Assess Response to Interoperability Failures During a Crisis 44Martin Stytz and Shelia Banks
STREAM 4 EDUCATION1130%1200
Presentation 23A Wireless Sensor Network for System Identi!cation of Sailboat Dinghies 44Graham Bennett, Chris Manzie, Denny Oetomo, Jonathan Binns and Norman Saunders
STREAM 4 DEFENCE1200%1230
Presentation 78High Fidelity Live Simulation for Combating PTSD 44Dyan L Moore and Elyssebeth Leigh
STREAM 1 ADSO1330%1530
ADSO PresentationDefence Simulation Roadmap / Preliminary Defence Simulation Architecture 44Principal Authors
ADSO PresentationJP3028 – Market Survey 44Principal Author
ADSO PresentationJoint Simulation 44James McRae
ADSO PresentationLand 400 – Simulation Opportunities 44Jon Vaughan
STREAM 21330%1430
SPECIAL PRESENTATIONHow Can Simulation Help – People Capability. A Case Study – Employment Pathways Program 45Jason Morgan, Specialist Learning and Development Products, Mining Industry Skills Centre Inc
STREAM 2 DEFENCE1430%1530
Presentation 17Basic Message Formats for a Cyber Warfare Simulation Environment 45Martin Stytz and Sheila Banks
Presentation 18The Role of Modeling and Simulation in Developing Secure Computing Environments 45Martin Stytz and Sheila Banks
STREAM 3 DEFENCE1430%1530
Presentation 86Towards a Framework for After Action Review for Semi-Automated Analysis 45Deghan Acay and Richard Yanieri
30
Presentation 41LVC Five Year Development Plan for JCTC 45James McRae
STREAM 4 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT1430%1500
Presentation 51Training of Non-Technical Skills Based on a Risk Based Training Needs Analysis 46Werner Naef
STREAM 4 EDUCATION1500%1530
Presentation 85Semi-Automated Casual Analysis in Simulation Based Military Training 46Daghan Acay
STREAM 1 ADSO1600%1730
ADSO PresentationJDSC: A Flexible Tool Set for Capability Development Decision Support 46Duncan Tailby, Head Joint Capability Research, Joint Operations Division, Defence Science and Technology Organisation
ADSO PresentationLand Helicopter Dock: Ship Walk-Through Computer Model 46Tom Reynolds, Rowan Tink
ADSO PresentationAerospace 46TBA
STREAM 2 DEFENCE1600%1730
Presentation 3A Simulator for Semi-Autonomous UAV Integration into a Combat Role 46John Page and Nathan Kinkaid
Presentation 36A Distributed Environmental-Modelling Data Server 47John Wharington, Alexei Skvortsov, Andrew Walker, Scott Penrose and Jennifer Palmer
Presentation 69Implementation of IEEE DIS Deep Packet Inspection Firewall in FPGA Hardward 47Hugh Ackland, Peter Ross and Andrew Robbie
STREAM 3 DEFENCE1600%1730
Presentation 1Voice Command for a Virtual Infantry Simulation: Quantifying the Bene!t 47Edward Rowlands and Michael Barlow
Presentation 21The Open Simulation Platform (USIP OSP): Enabling you to Create and Conduct Online Training Simulations at No Cost for the Technology 48Ronald “Skip” Cole
Presentation 43From Creams to Fleet Synthetic Training and Beyond 48Peter Clark, Peter Ross, Will Oliver, Peter Ryan and Ralph MacDonald
STREAM 4 EDUCATION1600%1630
Presentation 37Lessons from the Field: Exploring the Impact of Debrie!ng Simulation Exercises 48Amanda Davies
STREAM 4 HEALTH1630%1700
Presentation 88Hospital Surge Capacity Management through Simulation 48Nick Howden, Julie Trpkovski and Mark Grebler
STREAM 4 HEALTH1700%1730
Presentation 61Enskilling New Simulation Professionals: A Graduate Certi!cate in Healthcare Simulation 49Phillipa Neads, Marcus Watson and Dylan Campher
THURSDAY 3 JUNE 2010
STREAM 2 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT0900%0930
Presentation 16Simulating Goal Driven UAV Clusters – Individual Characteristics 49Philip Sammons and John Page
STREAM 2 HEALTH0930%1000
Presentation 76Does Notebook-Based, Accessible Simulation Training Create Cybersickness? 50Susan Bruck and Paul Watters
STREAM 3 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT0900%0930
Presentation 83Behavioural and Organisational Modelling Framework Support for Paramedic Training 50Mario Selvestrel, Evan Harris, Joel Schmidt and Mark Grebler
31
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STREAM 3 TRANSPORTATION0930%1000
Presentation 35A Methodology for Re-Validating Simulation Software Following a Change in Implementation Platform 51John Podlena, Keith Joshi and Xiaoming Zhang
STREAM 4 RESOURCES / INFRASTRUCTURE0900%0930
Presentation 30Development of an Interactive Visual Knowledge Management System for Sustainable Mining Practices 51Phillip Stothard and David Laurence
STREAM 4 EDUCATION0930%1000
Presentation 29Evaluating the E"ectiveness of Virtual Reality Learning in a Mining Context 51Lauren Bennett, Phillip Stothard and James Kehoe
STREAM 1 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT1030%1230
SPECIAL PRESENTATIONEmergency Management Symposium 52A/Prof Andrew Wilford, Professor of Project Management, School of Sustainable Development, Bond University
Chief Superintendent Andrew Short, Director, School of Fire and Rescue Service Training, Queensland Fire and Rescue Service
STREAM 2 EDUCATION1030%1100
Presentation 31Three Phases of Simulation 52Chris Huggins
STREAM 2 TRANSPORTATION1100%1200
Presentation 714D Virtual Models in Complex Urban Transport Projects 52Ben Guy
Presentation 68The Application of Virtual Driving Simulation to Enhance Infrastructure Design 52Anita Byrnes, Yuji Ito, Thea Lorentzen, Shunta Shimizu, Yoriyuki Sunaga
STREAM 2 RESOURCES / INFRASTRUCTUREPresentation 32Evaluation of Underground Virtual Environment Training: Is this Minim Simulation or Conventional Power Point more E"ective? 53Shirley Zhang, Phillip Stothard and James Kehoe
STREAM 3 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT1030%1100
Presentation 15Removing the Fuzzy and Adding the Logic to System Level Training 53Heath Pratt, Andrew Neely and Michael Harrap
STREAM 3 MANUFACTURING1100%1130
Presentation 11Real-Time Decision Making for Asset Management Using Simulation 54James Baulch and Erik Van Voorthuysen
Presentation 28Simulation-Based Design of Robotic Systems 54Shardi Mohammad Munshi and Erik Van Voorthuysen
STREAM 3 EDUCATION1200%1230
Presentation 4Maximising E#ciency of Training Outcomes Using Inexpensive 3D Technologies 54Michael Garrett and Mark McMahon
STREAM 4 RESOURCES / INFRASTRUCTURE1030%1200
Presentation 96Leveraging Simulation Systems by Separating your Concerns 55Douglas Bester and Apolon Ivankovic
Presentation 27An Assessment of the Maturity of Computer-Based Simulation in the Mining Industry 55Phillip Stothard and Philip Swadling
Presentation 10Development and Evaluation of Omniwalker for Navigating Immersive Computer Based Mine Simulations 55Minghadi Suryajaya, Chris Fowler, Tim Lambert, Phillip Stothard, David Laurence and Chris Daly
STREAM 4 TRANSPORTATION1200%1230
Presentation 6A Simpli!ed Simulation of Gas Turbine Engine Operation 56John Olsen and John Page
32
TUESDAY 1 JUNE 2010
PLENARY SESSION
0830%0845 Welcome AddressMr Adrian Smith, SIAA Deputy Chair
PLENARY SESSION
0845%0930Keynote Address – The Need for ChangeMAJGEN Steve Day, Joint Capability Coordinator in VCDF Department of Defense
PLENARY SESSION
0930%1000 Keynote Address – The People ChallengesMr Ross McAree, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of QLD and Vice President for Automation at CRC Mining
PLENARY SESSION
1030%1130 Keynote Address – The Systems ChallengesCOL (ret) Dennis Thompson, Director Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Training Simulations Division, Marine Corps Training and Education Command
STREAM 1 DEFENCE
1130%1230
SPECIAL PRESENTATION
15,000+ Networks, 5 Million+ Users: A Modeling, Simulation, Design and Test ChallengeJohn Illgen and Rich Vitamvas
The U.S. DOD (including military services) today has approximately 15,000 networks and over 5 million users. Each platform (airborne, vessel, wheeled vehicle, etc.) has its own network. Standards and protocols for these networks di!er. Traditional interrelated problems exist:
BandwidthNetwork Packet DelayNetwork delaysPercent utilizationThroughputScalabilityQueryingAnd moreTransmission delays
Currently we are forcing information through stovepipes, which is very time-consuming. Information "ows back to the decision makers in the C2 centers. Information from these diverse, unconnected sources is correlated, fused, turned into a target folder and forwarded to shooters. “Fleeting targets are already gone before the kill chain – #nd, #x, target, track, engage and assess – is completed”.
New, improved communications and networking capabilities are now evolving under the following “Systems”:
LandWarNet (U.S. Army)C2 Constellation (U.S. Air Force)FORCEnet (U.S. Navy)MAGTF (U.S. Marine Corps)National/Intel networks, Joint, CoalitionIntegrated Battle Command System (IBCS – U.S. Army)
These new, evolving systems must maintain seamless, timely, vertical and horizontally directed information to C2 forces and weapons systems. Now that modernization and integration of a “Net Centric Environment” has started, challenges in the T&E domain will be dominant. A balanced approach using Modeling and Simulation and Test & Evaluation will be required since “all” aspects of these Net Centric systems cannot be fully tested. Additionally, a balanced approach should reduce cost and minimize life cycle risks. Recommendations for this “Balanced Approach” will be discussed in terms of database requirements, model(s) and simulation(s) selection and application, including gap considerations, and test recommendations. Sensor to Shooter (Net-Centric) examples will be shown to underscore the above challenges. A summary of recommendations will be addressed.
> ABSTRACTS
33
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PRESENTATION 63
Simulation Studies of Naval Warships using the Ship Air Defence Model (SADM)Sharada Boinepalli and Garry Brown
Performing simulation studies during the acquisition of major warships is an accepted practice all over the world. Simulation models are used to assess the performance of the system because a physical instance does not exist and even if representative sub-systems were available, it would be di$cult to replicate the operational environment and range of scenarios in which the system is expected to operate. Maintaining records of the runs and comparing with real results, once the asset is tested and put into service, assists #ne tuning and validation of the modelling and analysis.
Methodologies for two simulation studies performed at DSTO are summarised where a large warship must perform Anti Ship Missile Defence (ASMD). The commercially available Ship Air Defence Model (SADM) was con#gured to represent the ship and used to execute Monte Carlo simulations in a variety of scenarios.
In the #rst study, the Hard Kill (HK) and Soft Kill (SK) integration options are assessed to inform future Command and Control system requirements for large warships. This includes the de#nition of a metric which assists in the comparison of di!erent HK and SK integration options. In the second study, the ASMD performance is assessed for comparison with data from other sources. This involves some pre and post processing to augment the primary SADM model.
These modelling and simulation studies enable us to:
a) Analyse the e!ectiveness of HK and SK integration on large warships,
b) Understand and test the capability requirements for ASMD, and
c) Analyse the performance of SADM to inform future work plans.
This paper aims to brie"y describe the two simulation studies and comment on the applicability of software tools like SADM for future work.
STREAM 2 DEFENCE
1130%1230
PRESENTATION 75
Realistic Virtual Actors for Training in CounterterrorismRick Evertsz, Matteo Pedrotti and William Glover
Terrorism has become a common international threat, and is particularly problematic to counter because it occurs in a civilian rather than military context. It is di$cult to di!erentiate terrorists from normal civilians because their strategy is to merge into the crowd and thereby avoid detection. Providing security personnel with the necessary experience to spot terrorists in a crowd can be time consuming and resource intensive.
Simulation can provide a valuable complement to current approaches, making them more e$cient, cost e!ective and reducing the manpower and infrastructure required to support training. This paper describes how realistic virtual actors can be used to provide the counterterrorism trainee with experience in
detecting abnormal behaviour and using tactics that increase the visibility of a terrorist concealed in a crowd. Our approach is to use the cognitive architecture, CoJACK™, to create virtual actors (civilians, terrorists) that react variably but realistically to the trainee’s and other virtual actors’ actions. These virtual actors are imbued with emotions, such as fear, anger and anxiety that lead them to react plausibly to events in the scenario. The key point is that these reactions are not scripted but emerge from the interplay between the virtual actor’s cognitive and emotional faculties.
This yields a "exible training environment that is responsive to what the trainee does. In many ways, it is more di$cult to generate realistic behaviour in a civilian rather than military context - the actions and reactions can be quite subtle. This paper outlines a civilian counterterrorism scenario, set in London, in which there is a terrorist on reconnaissance, diverse types of civilian with varying goals and emotional states, and a suspect package. The synthetic environment, VBS2™ was used to represent the physical environment and the characters’ embodiments.
PRESENTATION 44
Serious Games Need Serious Performance Measures: A Case StudySusannah Whitney, Philip Temby and Ashley Stephens
Serious games are increasingly being used to support military training. One important instructional feature of these games is their AAR capabilities, providing data such as summary performance statistics. Clearly, if such data is to be of use to military training audiences, it is important that performance statistics are an accurate and valid measure of trainee performance. However, there is very little data on the utility of AAR summary statistics, particularly in the context of how they compare to traditional methods of training evaluation such as Subject Matter Expert (SME) assessments.
This paper describes a case study from the authors’ research into the training e!ectiveness of serious games. In this study, a group of dismounted infantry soldiers undertook training in small unit operations with a serious game. Their performance was measured in two ways: using the game’s AAR data capture tool, and by SME assessment against pre-de#ned criteria. Examination of the results demonstrated that the SME data showed clear trends across the training sessions, whereas the AAR data showed no clear trends. For the particular task being trained, the SME measures of team processes were more appropriate and the AAR data were of limited use for evaluating team performance. In this paper, we discuss the ways in which the two di!erent sets of data can best be used to assess individual and team performance, depending on the particular task being trained. We also provide recommendations for improvements to AAR data capture capabilities, incorporating measures of team processes and outcomes.
34
STREAM 3 DEFENCE
1130%1230
PRESENTATION 5
Mimicking Human Problem-Solving With Agents: Exploring Model CalibrationAnthony Dekker
Agent-based social simulation models have a wide range of applications, and can incorporate numeric parameters of various kinds. In this paper, we use a simple agent-based simulation model of a laboratory experiment in network colouring to explore the selection of such numeric parameters. In particular, we examine two fundamental approaches to selecting model parameters (model calibration) based on empirical data: directly, comparing the data to model parameters; and indirectly, by comparing the data to model outputs. Using our model, we examine the strengths and weaknesses of the second approach. We discuss the insights provided by the model, and the extent to which con#dence in these insights is justi#ed when parameters are selected indirectly. The indirect approach to parameter selection has value in building social agent-based models, particularly when data on parameter values is unavailable, provided the number of parameters is relatively small.
PRESENTATION 48
Link-16 Interoperability for the RAAF ADGESIM and AWSIM SimulatorsLucien Zalcman, Jon Blacklock and Peter Ross
Link-16 is a complex, di$cult technology to understand; it is military only; it is export controlled, and is only made available to cleared military personnel or contractors; and if real Link-16 data is used a Secret classi#cation will most likely be required. Therefore anything to do with Link-16 development will be “di$cult, complex and expensive”.
Link-16 interoperability is being developed for the Air Defence Ground Environment SIMulator (ADGESIM). ADGESIM is used to provide high-#delity training to Air Combat O$cers by the Surveillance and Control Training Unit (SACTU) at RAAF Williamtown. A modi#ed version of ADGESIM (known as AWSIM – School of Aviation Warfare SIMulator) is also used at the School of Aviation Warfare at RAAF Sale to provide introductory (ie lower-#delity) Air Battle Management training to ab-initio Air Combat O$cers.
This paper describes the various concepts and components of this Link-16 Tactical Data Link capability and proposes how Link-16 interoperability could be implemented for these di!erent versions of ADGESIM used by the RAAF for training.
STREAM 4 DEFENCE
1130%1200
PRESENTATION 66
CE/CBD – A Key Element of a Common Simulation EnvironmentEddie De Souza
CE / CDB (Common Environment / Common DataBase) is a fundamental technology that will help address the challenges typically associated with simulation environments that include simulations from multiple vendors simulating di!erent types of platforms with di!ering levels of #delity.
Traditionally the runtime databases used by the Out The Window displays, Sensors (FLIR, NVG, Radar etc) and Computer Generated Forces have been generated o! line in proprietary format for each vendor’s simulation platform. This approach does not allow for sharing of source data between simulation environments and does not lend itself to quick turnaround mission rehearsal simulation preparation. Furthermore the databases are typically optimised and published for a speci#c simulation platform. CE / CDB introduces an Open Speci#cation for simulation data which allows vendors to share a common source of data in a common format that can be published in Real Time for the relevant platforms at the resolution required for that particular platform.
This will allow virtual and constructive simulations of rotary and #xed wing airborne platforms, land vehicles and ships to share the same data source. This paper presents a summary of the traditional approach to database generation and demonstrates the advantages of the CE / CDB approach in a common simulation environment.
STREAM 4 EDUCATION
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PRESENTATION 77
User Research for Games and SimulationsAndrew Stapleton and Elyssebeth Leigh
User research and usability is becoming increasingly important to the development of commercial videogames within the interactive entertainment industry. With its foundations in software engineering, user research provides a means to better understand, and improve, player experience. The many methods of user research now available play a critical part in ensuring a quality user experience, and ultimately a successful product. Beyond the context of commercial interactive entertainment, user research has much to o!er simulations and ‘serious’ games designed for education and training purposes. This paper explores the potential of user research in the development of games and simulations for learning purposes, and suggests ways it can be used to improve simulation design as well as for assessing learning outcomes.
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PLENARY SESSION
1330%1430 Keynote Address – What is the Cost of Ownership? And How to Finance it.Mr Heath Shonhan, Director Business Advisory Bentleys
STREAM 1 RESOURCES / INFRASTRUCTURE
1430%1530
RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE WHITE PAPER LAUNCH
Resources and Infrastructure Special Interest Group
STREAM 2 DEFENCE
1430%1530
PRESENTATION 89
Sun Tzu, Serious Games and the Art of WarJohn Welsh
“Conquerors estimate in their temple before the war begins. They consider everything. The defeated also estimate before the war, but they do not consider everything. Estimating completely creates victory. Estimating incompletely causes failures. When we look at it from this point of view, it is obvious who will win the war.”
According to Sun Tzu, the ideal general wins the war before the #ghting begins. Originating from North Eastern China approximately 2500 years ago, Sun Tzu was considered an expert in military strategy. His teachings and principles have carried through the ages and have become synonymous with success in battle and achievement in war. Studied by leaders throughout the world the Art of War has been applied most commonly to the conduct of warfare. However, those principles have more recently been applied to other kinds of “warfare” including business. Where strategic thinking is necessary, Sun Tzu’s principles provide wisdom, insight and intelligence.
Success in war as well as in business can be based on several factors including leadership, information, preparation, organisation, communication, motivation and execution. Yet learning these principles and practising these skills can be di$cult to achieve at the best of times. For a start you need a war or its equivalent. And then you need to be able to a!ord to fail and then try again and again if necessary. You need to be able to train, practice, evaluate and rehearse. You need to understand the consequences of actions and determine whether or not they achieve your goals.
And this is exactly what serious games make possible. The opportunity to learn, to explore, to try, to fail and to master.
Through a presentation that explores Sun Tzu’s principles, John Welsh, Defence Program Manager for Sydac Pty Ltd and serious games subject matter expert, will provide examples of serious games solutions that can be applied to those principles. Serious games that exercise the critical factors for success. From vastly complex strategy games such as the Geopolitical Simulator Commander-in-Chief to fast-paced #rst person solutions such as VBS2 there are many serious games that can be applied to learning, evaluating and rehearsing Sun Tzu. Whether for war or for business serious games support increasing levels of challenge, provide variations in events and scenarios, give context, provide experience, engage and immerse, support individual or group participation and perhaps most importantly capture the outcomes so the player can try again, and then again.
There are many serious games that exercise the critical factors of success. However, perhaps the ultimate goal is to have only one. The presentation concludes with a #nal thought. Sun Tzu – The Art of War: A Serious Game.
“A winning general creates the conditions of victory before taking the initiative. A losing general takes initiative before knowing how to succeed…”
Serious Games – know how to succeed!©
PRESENTATION 24
The Super Seasprite Simulator Visual – An Unwise Choice?Roger Mulligan
Rarely today do we have the opportunity to see the outcome of deviating from conventional industry practice when selecting solutions for a full "ight simulator. The rationale behind the choices are so well grounded that the “wrong” solution is almost never implemented. Within the many lessons to be learnt from the much maligned Super Seasprite program lies just such a question. Should we choose Collimated or Direct Projection for the visual system? Both of these display types are successfully employed on rotary wing simulators here in Australia. Both have their applications; their strengths and weaknesses. But what if we get it wrong? In the Super Seasprite, did we make “An Unwise Choice”?
This paper has been authored so as not to “throw out the baby with the bath water”, and to share the author’s experience with a display solution that, in hindsight, may have had unforeseen negative training issues. A brief layman’s synopsis of the two predominant display types used in full "ight simulators (Collimated and Direct Projection), has been included in the paper. It explores, again in layman’s terms, the strengths and weaknesses of both these in relation to seating con#guration and applicability to helicopters. From this, and in light of personal experience, it concludes that had the Super Seasprite Full Mission Flight Simulator (FMFS) entered service, it may not have been the training platform the Commonwealth was expecting, and may have had some negative side e!ects for the crews who trained in it. It also reinforces that when acquiring these devices, and when determining the costs, “inexpensive” is not necessarily the same thing as “a!ordable”. So conducting regular critical examination of past actions and decisions may well improve capability and reduce the cost of ownership in the future.
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STREAM 3 DEFENCE
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PRESENTATION 49
A Tool for Optimising Satellite Based Maritime SurveillanceDavid Clark, David Lingard and Adam Davies
The Australian Defence White Paper 2009 [1] foreshadows the acquisition of a space-based imagery collection system. Our group at DSTO has been conducting a study exploring the employment of space-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for maritime surveillance, focussing on the quality of the surveillance coverage. The purpose of this paper is to provide a description of the modelling and simulation aspects and not the results of the study itself. The modelling and simulation components consisted of STK, MATLAB and a Java GUI. STK provided analysis of vessel track coverage by the satellite based sensor. The Java based GUI was created to interface with STK to simplify scenario setup. MATLAB provided the programming environment to develop a GUI for analysis setup, processing of data and displaying results. A genetic algorithm was used to optimise swath selection of a SAR sensor for each pass of a satellite over a selected vessel track. The project developed iteratively as the problem and the implementation techniques were better understood. It soon became obvious that both the #delity of the optimisation and the processing time needed re#nement. The #delity is dependent on the selection of an appropriate genetic algorithm technique and the general analysis parameters used. These were dealt with through experimentation and examination of output, starting with an initial baseline. It was also discovered during this process that due to the stochastic outcome of the genetic algorithm, a Monte Carlo simulation would be also be required, thus adding further to the time dilemma. The processing time was dealt with through a better understanding and implementation of MATLAB vectorisation programming techniques and use of the MATLAB Parallel Processing toolbox.
PRESENTATION 58
Use of M&S to Support Acquisition of Major Naval SystemsJohn Bos, Jeremy Graham and Jason Mitchell
Saab Systems is currently participating in two Australian major surface ship capability projects, SEA1448 Phase 2 ANZAC Class Ship Anti-Ship Missile Defence (ASMD) Upgrade and JP2048 CANBERRA Class Amphibious Assault Ship. In each project Modelling and Simulation (M&S) is used as an integral part of the project lifecycle. The overall objective of the M&S activity is to establish the models, simulations, or prototypes needed to support requirements de#nition, analyse the system architecture and design, mitigate identi#ed risks, assist test and evaluation and thereby inform the process of translating the required operational Measures of E!ectiveness to delivered capability. M&S also plays a key role in quali#cation of the delivered capability. The various models developed are used to support tactical level, constructive simulation with the additional capability to support virtual simulation. Large scale Monte Carlo simulation is conducted with a focus on evaluation of the performance of each platform in terms of the combat system
Probability of Raid Annihilation against the de#ned operational scenarios encompassing prescribed threat characteristics, threat levels, and environmental conditions. This paper will describe the evolution of the models and simulation architecture, the simulation development and integration processes, links to the systems engineering lifecycle and general use for analysis of the Anti-Air, Anti-Surface and Anti-Submarine Warfare capabilities of Naval platforms. It will touch on practical issues such as determining appropriate simulation #delity; execution and management of large scale data generation and modelling framework & facilities; and simulation Veri#cation, Validation and Accreditation (VV&A).
STREAM 4 DEFENCE
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PRESENTATION 2
Agent-Based Simulation for Counter-Led: A Simulation Science SurveyAnthony Dekker
Western countries face an ongoing threat from Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). One aspect of the response to this threat is the use of agent-based simulation to model the human networks which place IEDs. While it may not be possible to model these networks with su$cient #delity to exactly predict IED placement, there is substantial training value in lower-#delity simulation models which are nevertheless realistic enough to teach useful survival strategies. In this paper, we survey some relevant areas of simulation science. There are two main human aspects to IED placement. The #rst is motivation to place the devices, which in"uences the number of IEDs placed per day. Modelling motivation requires simulations incorporating attitudes and emotions within society. The second main human aspect to IED placement is cognition, which in"uences the choice of location for IEDs. Simulation of cognition requires modelling planning by Red forces, which takes into account an internal model of Blue processes. Modelling cognition also requires models of learning and adaptability, as Red forces create and respond to their mental representations of Blue responses.
PRESENTATION 7
Using Open Source to Build Comprehensive Battlespace SimulationsRaphael Cuisinier, Michael Brunel and Stephanie Prudhomme
In order to better understand the issues and trade-o!s of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) concepts in network centric warfare (NCW) operations, the French Aerospace Lab (ONERA) has set up a comprehensive open source-based simulation solution. The resulting framework supports engineers across the entire simulation process: developing new simulations, preparing complex NCW scenarios, executing and controlling their simulation, using 3D visualization, and processing the results.
The solution’s originality is the successful integration of a wide set of open source solutions: dedicated High Level Architecture
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(HLA) simulation tools (CERTI RTI and Delta3D serious game), 3D library (Open Scene Graph), Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies relying on Web Map Services (World Wind, ossimPlanet, osgEarth), physical models (JSBSim "ight dynamics models), development tools (CMake/CDash/CTest/CPack, SWIG, CVS, CppUnit), charting libraries (JFreeChart), and diverse utilities (Xerces, graphical user interface toolkits).
Despite the complexity of the problem domain and of the available solutions, we will try to demonstrate how the integration ends up with an engineer-friendly solution, easy to use, ful#lling user modern visualization expectations (considering games and Google Earth as baseline technologies for comparison), and industry M&S interoperability requirements (HLA and RPR-FOM). After giving an overview of the backbone architecture that enabled the integration, we will discuss the practical experience of open source use: how we made those solutions #t together, the coherency problems we had to solve, and the extensions we developed.
The current version of the framework is being used at the ONERA to simulate NCW operations involving UAVs. The integration of open source solutions procured a cost e$cient synthetic environment for R&D simulations. As it also turned out to be an agile and generic backbone, we would like to keep on capitalizing models for new scenarios, #lling the needs of future ONERA projects.
STREAM 1 DEFENCE
1600%1730
PRESENTATION 46
Designing the System Right – A Progressive VV&A Framework for Simulation Based Systems with Particular Focus on Design Veri!cationJawahar Bhalla
Veri#cation Validation & Accreditation (VV&A) is typically understood to comprise those activities performed during the development/upgrade life-cycle of a System so as to ensure the quality of the delivered System with regards to meeting its intended purpose.
Veri#cation focuses on ensuring the implementation of the System aligns with its design speci#cations; Validation on the other hand focuses on the ability of the System to meet user needs; while Accreditation focuses on ensuring that the System meets relevant standards and on its approval for use.
Historically, VV&A activities, by de#nition even, have typically been applied during the “Realisation” phases of a Systems development life-cycle – i.e. VV&A activities are focused on System implementation and testing to ensure compliance with a de#ned/approved System design.
Therefore, typically, Veri#cation activities focus on ensuring correct System implementation (i.e. in accordance with Systems design speci#cations), with little to nil independent focus being given, in this context, to the quality of the developed design itself.
This paper proposes a subtle revision to the “typical” approach to VV&A, suggesting that VV&A activities are in fact a parallel stream to De#nition and Realisation activities, commencing at project inception, and progressing in parallel through each project phase, ensuring the integrity and quality of phase outputs. In particular, this paper outlines a progressive VV&A framework, identifying key attributes and focusing speci#cally on the De#nition phase and on those aspects that ensure the integrity and quality of the System design itself.
PRESENTATION 60
Application of M&S VV&A in the Anzac Ship ASMD Upgrade ProjectMark Williamson, David Munro-Ford, Jeremy Graham, John Bos and Jason Mitchell
Saab Systems is currently participating in project SEA1448 Phase 2 ANZAC Class Ship Anti-Ship Missile Defence (ASMD) Upgrade. The principal objective of this project is to improve the Probability of Survival (Ps) of the ship when it is exposed to a range of anti-ship missile threat scenarios.
Use of Modelling and Simulation (M&S) is an integral part of the project systems engineering lifecycle. The overall objective of the M&S activity is to establish the models, simulations, and prototypes needed to: support requirements de#nition; analyse the system architecture and design; mitigate identi#ed risks; assist test and evaluation; and thereby inform the process of translating the Operational Concept Document’s Measures of E!ectiveness to the delivered capability.
M&S will play a key role in the quali#cation of the upgraded ANZAC Ship during the Test and Evaluation (T&E) phase, and will reduce the extent of live testing necessary. This requires the implementation of a formalised M&S Validation, Veri#cation and Accreditation (VV&A) programme in accordance with Defence Simulation Policy.
M&S V&V is conducted for each stage of M&S development. It is aligned with the project Technical Performance Measures Programme, and is presented at key ANZAC Ship ASMD Project milestones. The formal accreditation process is undertaken upon completion of Production T&E.
This paper will concentrate on the practical issues associated with implementing and conducting a VV&A programme for a complex Combat System which involves a mixture of new, modi#ed and legacy systems and simulations. It will address the (somewhat) unique situation whereby the simulator is not the delivered product
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PRESENTATION 47
Improving Data Management: Giving Sta" ‘Belief’ in ChangeDavid Hughes and Mike Pearson
This paper discusses the impact of various modelling approaches to the improvement of Enterprise Data Management (EDM), culminating in the development of a Bayesian Belief Network model.
A common complaint employees make is that there is not enough storage space available for them to perform their tasks. For example, they are unable to save a #le to a shared network or cannot send an attachment via email. With tight project timescales invariably the solution is for Information Systems departments to provide more storage, especially as the cost of additional storage continues to fall.
Providing additional storage is a temporary solution, especially with rates of data growth continuing to increase dramatically, with some estimates in the region of 60% annual growth. The cost implications of running out of storage space are insigni#cant compared to the amount of time employees spend trying to retrieve information or creating/duplicating information if their search is unsuccessful.
In a post-GFC environment, organisations are looking to all sorts of productivity improvements to “do more with less”, and information is often amongst the most under-utilised assets. If an organisation wants to exploit the bene#ts of its information then it needs to introduce e!ective management tools. The EDM team at BAE Systems is trying to create the right environment and practices to improve the exploitation of our corporate information in order to either generate revenue or to reduce expenditure.
This paper describes how the EDM team has applied modelling techniques to assist the business to improve its Data Management by categorising data, removing duplicates and archiving data. It is implementing a change management programme focussing on improving the way in which everyone manages data and information assets.
The EDM team is developing a Bayesian Belief Network to model the business bene#ts that its change management program will bring.
STREAM 2 DEFENCE
1600%1730
PRESENTATION 80
Economics of Speed in Military ApplicationsChristian Host and Derek Empson
Increasing aircraft speed provides operational and economic bene#ts to the operators. Completing the mission sooner not only improves operational e!ectiveness, but may also reduce the total mission costs. Often the hourly costs may increase with extra speed, but not necessarily the total cost, since the mission is executed in less time. Both the operational bene#ts and costs depend on the mission "own, making “a priori” calculations of value (bene#t per dollar) impossible. Consequently military aircraft designers and operators lack critical information when trying to create a business case for investing in technology that improves speed.
This paper presents a way to calculate the savings provided by speed, which could be used to o!set possible increases in operating costs of the faster aircraft. Meaningful insights emerge by simulating a full spectrum of military missions using the AIRPLAN© Mission planning software package, wrapped by a Monte Carlo driver. Tens of thousands of di!erent missions are analyzed by varying sixteen di!erent variables for the transport missions (Airspeed, Radius, Initial Payload to Transport, Headwind, Sustainment Payload per Day, Days of sustainment, Operations and Support Costs per Hour, Additional Crew Costs per Hour, Main Operating Base Taxi Time, Forward Operating Base (FOB) Taxi Time, MOB Load/Unload Time, FOB Load/Unload Time, Maximum Crew Duty Day, Minimum Crew Rest Period, Brie"ng Time, Debrief Time). Eleven di!erent independent variables are varied for loiter missions (Airspeed, Patrol Radius, Baseline Aircraft Endurance, Faster Aircraft Endurance, Maximum Crew Duty Day, Minimum Crew Rest Period, O&S Costs per Hour, Additional Crew Costs per Hour, Aircraft Turn Around Time, Brie"ng Time, Debrief Time). Statistical analysis permits the construction of simpli#ed parametric equations useful for acquisition analysis or product development. This paper presents the full analysis and provides conclusions that are applicable to a wide range of missions.
PRESENTATION 45
Reducing the Pain of Terrain – The Gems ProjectThomas Stanzione and Kevin Johnson
The US Army Geospatial Center is actively involved in bringing the command and control, and simulation domains closer together through the use of common geospatial data and terrain analysis capabilities, leveraging the GIS capabilities in CJMTK. They initiated the Geospatially Enabled Modeling and Simulation (GEMS) project to investigate using operational battle command geospatial data directly in modeling and simulation applications, without the need for separate terrain database generation procedures. This capability is currently being integrated into the Army’s OneSAF simulation system, providing a future mission planning capability through embedded simulation. This paper will provide an overview of the GEMS project, its bene#ts to the war #ghter, and the way ahead.
PRESENTATION 57
Unexpected Alliances: A Health Simulation Centre and Two Defence ForcesPhillipa Neads, Marcus Watson and Derek Wright
Introduction
Alignment has emerged between the Queensland Health Skills Development Centre, the Australian Defence Force and the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces
Background
Queensland Health Skills Development Centre specialises in scenario based healthcare learning, while the Australian Defence Force and the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces have identi#ed a need for linkages with healthcare experience and healthcare skills training. This unexpected but natural alliance is being developed.
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Data/Methods
A range of collaborative activities have occurred between the Queensland Health Skills Development Centre, the Australian Defence Force and the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces. These
training by the Queensland Health Skills Development Centre for Australian Defence Force reservists prior to their deployment to
visits between Queensland Health Skills Development Centre, the Australian Defence Force and the Royal Netherlands Armed
Skills Development Centre are continuing to work together to identify joint opportunities for education and collaboration
Results
The alliance with the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces has progressed with key Queensland Health Skills Development Centre and Australian Defence Force sta! travelling to the Netherlands to present at the key health conference for the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces. Feedback from audience members con#rmed that high #delity health related scenarios would have been valuable pre deployment. The Australian Defence Force Joint Health Command and Queensland Health Skills Development Centre are continuing to develop their alliance.
Conclusions
All alliance opportunities should be considered, even those that seem unexpected at #rst glance.
STREAM 3 DEFENCE
1600%1730
PRESENTATION 62
Sea Warrior: Simulated Exercises for the Anzac Ship ASMD UpgradeAndrew Knight, Heath James and Peter Freeman
Defence and Saab Systems have been working together on the Sea Warrior program since 2008 to support the upgrade of the ANZAC Ships’ Anti-Ship Missile Defence (ASMD) capability. The upgrade is managed by Project SEA1448, and consists of new sensors, new weapon capabilities, upgraded Combat Management System (CMS) and a redesigned operations room. A program of simulated exercises called Sea Warrior is being used to support the Project. The Sea Warrior initiative recognises that technologies must be integrated, usable by operators and accompanied by appropriate tactics, doctrine and training before capability can be fully realised. Sea Warrior provides a vehicle for early engagement of key stakeholders, and for early identi#cation and recti#cation of issues that may have operational impact. The Sea Warrior activities involve structured simulations with current ANZAC combat system operators using current releases of the upgraded CMS software
in a high #delity simulation environment. Feedback from the operators, combined with measures of system performance and e!ectiveness under di!erent conditions allows the Navy to develop appropriate tactics, to identify crewing and training needs, and allows the Project to identify issues in the CMS software and implement the necessary changes prior to #nal design. By carrying out such activities early, the cost and risk of introducing the capability into service is reduced, and the system engineers can understand how the technologies are used operationally by ships’ crews. SW1 (Dec 2008) focused on picture compilation, while SW2 (Aug–Sep 2009) focused on the decision processes used by the ship’s command team in conducting engagements. SW3 and SW4 (2010, and 2011) will focus on the ability of the entire operations room crew to conduct engagements. This paper will describe the planning and implementation of SW2 and describe the way results are fed back into Navy tactical development and the systems engineering lifecycle.
PRESENTATION 26
Database Management System for Performance Based System Assessment of Military Multi-Mission PlatformsAndrew Pozzetti, Cees Bil and Graham Clarke
In an e!ort to lower the overall cost of defence war-#ghter acquisitions, the Commonwealth Government is in the process of imposing performance based contracting methods [1] upon acquisition and through life support contractors. Whilst being relatively new to Australian Defence [1 – 3], performance based contracting is not a new concept to other industries around the world [4]. Due to the demanding military aerospace acquisition and sustainment requirements however, the defence industry is presented with a common and unique problem. This problem is inherent to the design of defence performance based contracts and results in guaranteeing that each military performance based contract is di!erent [4]. This can present an awarded prime contractor with complex management issues, particularly if the prime contractor is also responsible for multiple platforms and corresponding contracts.
In this paper, we will utilise existing and traditional design methodologies to design a system for the management and analysis of performance based contracts which are speci#c to multi-platform military, rotary and #xed wing systems. A multi-disciplinary approach was taken in an attempt to provide a ‘best #t’ framework which encapsulates the unique yet essential requirements for a successful implementation of a performance based contract. Once implemented, this system is expected to allow Australian Defence and subsequent prime contractors to not only track and monitor the progress their respective performance based contracts, but also grant users with the ability of simulation and subsequently predict the performance of current and future performance based contracts.
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PRESENTATION 56
Strategic and Tactical Airlift ModellingDushy Tissainayagam
A nation’s power to project force at a distance rests on its strategic air and sea lift capabilities. Platform selections made during the development of such capabilities can profoundly shape this power for the long-term. Thus, the analysis of the performance of candidate platforms is critical during the acquisition phase of a lift capability.
The Systems Analysis Laboratory (SAL) within Boeing Defence Australia has developed a constructive simulation tool to rapidly analyse the interplay between the types of air and sea lift missions, the types of air and sea lift platforms, their operational performance and cost. The tool supports a mix of air and sea lift "eets that can be tasked to transport personnel and all types of military and civilian cargo across multiple theatres of operation. It also provides real-time visualisation of analysis data to aid in the conduct of customer decision support activities.
The application of this lift analysis tool in a regional airlift scenario, involving a humanitarian mission to Samoa and regular re-supply missions to the American, Australian and New Zealand bases in Antarctica, shows that current reliance on tactical transport modes may prove inadequate in the future. Preliminary results from our lift analysis demonstrate that strategic airlifters such as the C-17 Globemaster can, not only successfully complete such missions in less time, but be more cost-e!ective as well.
STREAM 4 DEFENCE
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PRESENTATION 55
Real-time Threat Volume Generation for an Airborne Target using GPU-Based Parallel ProcessingAnthony Nixon
A common requirement in the realm of military many-on-many simulation for training or analysis is the task of visualising the “threat” presented by a particular sensor or weapon system. Traditional 3D “threat volume” visualisations operate by using a set of #xed, static target parameters. This paper presents a novel approach to the task of presenting a 3D visualisation that captures those aspects of detectability and vulnerability that vary based on the current state of a selected target platform. This is achieved by generating a “point cloud” or 3D volume of possible locations for the target platform and assessing detectability and vulnerability as if the platform were at each of those locations. This approach however is a computational challenging one. Platform detectability and engageability must be assessed, taking into account terrain intersections, radar cross section, kinematics and jamming, for a multitude of possible threats, sampled over a grid of possible “ownship” locations. Once the volume of threat intensity data is assembled, displaying that using a volumetric or iso-surface rendering technique is itself challenging. Maintaining real-time performance adds even more of a challenge.
This paper presents the result of the Boeing Defence Australia Systems Analysis Laboratory’s ongoing development e!orts to undertake this problem, leveraging the parallel processing capabilities provided by modern graphics processing units (GPUs). A brief introduction into the current state of GPU computing will be presented, along with our results to date implementing a simple subset of the proposed approach. Results are presented that indicate that the approach has merit and that the problem is ideally suited to GPU parallel processing.
PRESENTATION 91
SORD over WAN: Adding Simulation Richness to Distributed ExercisesRodney Figaroa and Lowell Baker
Over the last couple of decades the way we train using military simulations has changed considerably. A great deal of interest is now being focused on how to conduct large scale real-time war-gaming across multiple host computers that are geographically dispersed. This requirement has given rise to open standards like the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) and the High Level Architecture (HLA). These standards allow for e$cient transmission of the state of battle#eld entities running on inexpensive computers. The realism and training didn’t necessary come from the high #delity models shared across di!erent simulations but came from the number of intelligent ‘pucksters’ that were allowed to take part in the exercise. Interoperating using these standards also means conformance to the agreed upon Protocol Data Units (PDU) message sets or the Federation Object Models (FOM) shared objects which in turn limit the number of di!erent simulation events/richness that can be sent over the wire. The US Army’s One Semi-Automated Forces (OneSAF) was released with a greatly improved architecture and capability set compared to traditional simulations, and acknowledging this gap, has commenced the development of an enhanced interoperability framework that will allow for distribution of the OneSAF Simulation Object Runtime Database (SORD) objects over a Wide Area Networks (WAN) to geographically dispersed OneSAF clusters. This capability when fully implemented will provide the OneSAF User community with a tool to conduct distributed exercises without the loss or transformation of the entire data model between sites.
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WEDNESDAY 2 JUNE 2010
PLENARY SESSION
0900%1000Keynote Address – Factors that In$uence CapabilityBRIG Barry McManus, Director General Capability and Plans Department of Defence
STREAM 1 ADSO
1030%1230
PANEL DISCUSSION
Concept Development and Experimentation: The Mismatch Between Industry’s Capability to Deliver Simulation Services and Defence’s DemandMAJGEN Steve Day, Joint Capability Coordinator in VCDFDr Mike Brennan, ADSO Director General SimulationBRIG Barry McManus, Director General Capability and PlansRepresentative, United States Marine Corps
ADSO PRESENTATION
The State of PlayDr Mike Brennan, ADSO Director General Simulation
STREAM 2 DEFENCE
1030%1100
PRESENTATION 92
Usage of Enterprise Level Modelling and Simulation for Architectural Concept Investigations: A Case Study in Future Undersea PlatformsFrederick Hardtke
Recently, capabilities have been increasing within the industry sector in areas traditionally dominated by Defence and Defence Research agencies. Among these, the increasing use of mission level, virtual and constructive simulation and experimentation techniques generally are notable. Industry has and is continuing
to construct Battlelabs for its own use and to collaborate with Defence. This is particularly useful for early architectural investigations. This paper will examine experimentation from an industry perspective and focus largely on an initiative commenced this year to investigate alternative architectures for future undersea platforms.
STREAM 2 RESOURCES / INFRASTRUCTURE
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PRESENTATION 87
Mine Modelling and Visualisation – A Case StudyNick Howden, David Bellm, Mark Grebler and Julian Andreou
This paper describes the Barrick3D mine modelling and visualisation tool developed for Barrick Gold Corporation by the team at CAE Professional Services. The Barrick3D tool provides models and visual representations of open cut mines to facilitate a wide range of activities from training and familiarisation with re#ning plant, to planning of ore extraction, to analysis of the environmental impact of the mine years into the future, and even visualisation for marketing to shareholders.
Mining companies produce and store vast quantities of data about the di!erent aspects of their mines which are used individually by each of the di!erent functional units within the mine. There are di!erent tools used by each area to manage the data for associated with that area, but no uniform tool to produce and visualise a complete model of the mine over its lifetime, incorporating data from all of the areas within the organisation.
The Barrick3D tool displays a range of di!erent types of data, including 3D models of physical mine structures such as open-cut pits, waste tailings dams and buildings, and analytical data such as drill core assay results and 3D volume models of mineral density. These data sets are presented in the context of the geography of the mine through a precisely geolocated and photo-realistic quality terrain model, generated from laser altimetry and high-resolution aerial photography or satellite imagery. The tool renders the data at real-time frame rates, allowing the user to easily navigate through the models, facilitating immersion. The user is provided with a variety of tools to examine the data, such as the ability to walk through the models in a #rst person perspective, and a cross-section plane tool that allows the examination of the contents of 3D volumes and the interfaces between physical structures and analytical data.
This paper describes the tool, and how Barrick Gold is planning to utilise its modelling and visualisation capabilities within the organisation.
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STREAM 2 DEFENCE
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PRESENTATION 25
Collimated Visual Display – Replacing the BP Screen with Shaped LCD’sRoger Mulligan
Technology is advancing so rapidly that it’s di$cult to know who is doing what and with whom. Marrying di!erent emerging technologies to produce something tangible is sometimes di$cult as those involved at the leading edge of design may not see the practical applications of their labor. Recent developments in "exible LCD design, and the ability to apply LCD’s to shaped surfaces raises the question of what the possible application within the simulation #eld may be.
This Paper is a brief window to a future possibility. As a thought exercise it presents the idea of replacing the back projection (BP) screen of a conventional collimated visual display with an LCD panel of the same shape, removing the complexity and cost of the current projection system and the overheads associated with its maintenance. It provides a brief “grass-roots” overview of the support required for current collimated display systems and how such a development could reduce the cost of ownership and improve capability.
PRESENTATION 82
High Fidelity Radar Simulation on a Kiwi Sized BudgetStephen Witherden
The RNZAF’s P-3K2 Orion airplanes are being out#tted with updated technology, part of which is a new radar system. The only problem is, very few people in New Zealand have had enough experience with such a radar to operate it e!ectively. Training students in-"ight is a costly endeavour. A new solution to training large numbers of radar operators was required. Beca’s brief was to design and build a cheap but high #delity radar trainer that could emulate every function the actual radar supports. Our solution was to integrate with the actual software from the P-3K2 by supporting both standard and proprietary military system protocols. Real-time radar imagery was simulated using widely available gaming technology. The radar video rendering strikes the balance between expensive high #delity all purpose radar wave simulation systems and super#cial “canned” scenarios to arrive at a “good enough” level of #delity to meet complex training objectives for training students to deal with dynamic environments.
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Ocean Environment Modelling – Interpreting a Large Data Structure in Real TimeRyan Harrison
Utilising recorded ocean data covering the world’s oceans for simulation purposes is a complex task. This information needs to be calculated and made available to a federation of models in simulation-time. The data comprises millions of units of information, and this information is queried by latitude, longitude, depth, and season. Furthermore, the data must be arranged in such a way that it can be traversed e$ciently during the simulation. Ocean data is of varying density, and designing an algorithm that collects relevant data points for averaging purposes is a key challenge. This paper will outline how Deep Blue Tech has overcome the challenges presented by this problem. Also discussed are the key lessons learned, and future requirements for improvement.
PRESENTATION 64
Open Source Analyzer for SISO-J Tactical Data Link SimulationWilliam Robertson, Peter Ross and Andrew Robbie
Tactical data links, such as Link-11 and Link-16, are increasingly being seen as essential for synthetic training exercises. Protocol analysis and debugging tools have traditionally focused on the Test and Evaluation communities’ needs, speci#cally for actual data link hardware on military platforms. Air Operations Division of DSTO has a requirement for TADIL protocol analysis tools which are "exible, easy to use and low cost. The open-source Wireshark network protocol analyser has been extended to support inspection of Link 16 J-series messages encapsulated in the SISO-J and STANAG 5602 SIMPLE distribution protocols.
PRESENTATION 79
An Empirical Examination of Feedback: User Control and Performance in a Hapto-Audio-Visual Training EnvironmentDawei Jia, Asim Bhatti and Saeid Nahavandi
Generic virtual environments (VEs) designed for training allow presentation of multiple sensorial information with timely feedbacks. In contrast to other instructional medium, that relies heavily on visual information display, VEs show advantages by delivering visual, auditory and force or tactile feedbacks in an intuitive, interactive and engaging manner. Although, VEs have been widely adopted as training tools, facilitating users in learning procedure tasks across diverse disciplines including engineering, aerospace, and medical, there still is a need of better understanding of the user adaption and acceptance as well as design principles to ful#ll its potentials.
The need for development and use of interactive, immersive 3D VEs is ever increasing. As with any emerging technologies, user acceptance of new software and hardware devices is often hard to measure and guidelines to introduce and ensure adequate
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and correct usage of such technologies are often lacking. It is therefore imperative to obtain a solid understanding of the important elements that contribute to e!ective learning through VEs. In particular, 3D VEs may present unusual and varied interaction and adoption considerations.
Integrating theory from research on training, human computer interaction (HCI), ergonomics and cognitive psychology, this research proposes and validates a model that contributes to application-speci#c VE e$cacy formation. The cognitive, skill-based and a!ective learning outcomes are extended in this study to include constructs of key dimensions (e.g. performance, user a!ect and perceptions) to enable better understanding of user perception and adaption pattern. The extension of theories of learning outcomes for training evaluation is useful, as 3D VEs encompass many of the same adoption (e.g. perceived ease of use, perceived ease of learning and satisfaction etc.) and design concerns (e.g. usability, learnability, and #delity) as traditional 2D user interfaces (UIs). Nevertheless, due to the unique characteristics of VEs, it presents unique user adoption and design concerns that need to be addressed unambiguously.
The major contribution of this study is to investigate a complex set of interrelated factors in the relatively new sphere of VEs for training and education. Although many of the factors appears to be important from past research, but none of the research has explicitly addressed a set of intercombination, comprehensive, empirically validated factors to understand how VEs aid complex procedural knowledge and motor skill learning. We will #rst describe the theoretical background and conceptual dimensions and then report a study of object assembly skill acquisition in a hapto-audio virtual training environment. To bene#t training and simulation research, system design methods, user-centred design and evaluation approaches, as well as lessons learnt from force re"ective haptic interface in use are discussed. Theoretical and practical implications are also addressed.
PRESENTATION 70
Enhancing Synthetic Environments. A Constructive / Virtual Use CaseBruce Robbins
Providing more realism in the Modeling and Simulation (M&S) community is a key facet of improving training within the armed services. As software and hardware continue to improve, the ability to implement higher #delity capabilities within the simulation improves as well. Within the U.S. Army Program Executive O$ce for Simulation, Training, and Instrumentation (PEO STRI) two programs of record, One Semi-Automated Forces (OneSAF) and Synthetic Environment Core (SE Core) are implementing capabilities enhancing the synthetic environment to directly support U.S. Army training. E!orts have been realized to provide run-time terrain repolygonization/deformation, dynamic entity avoidance, dynamic obstacle avoidance, and higher #delity smoke models to the OneSAF software. This is in support of the Constructive and Virtual linkage found with OneSAF, CCTT, and AVCATT and is readily transferable to other simulations and models. This paper will discuss the above mentioned items and show how they provide a more realistic environment for not only the aforementioned simulations and Army domains, but also for the Training Exercises and Military Operations (TEMO), Advanced Concepts and Requirements (ACR), and Research, Development, and Acquisition (RDA) domains as well.
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PRESENTATION 8
Time to Stop Playing Games – SeriouslyMatt Moncrieff, Shawn Parr and Steve Salmon
The term Serious Games is #nding increasing use in military circles as an attempt to distinguish between entertainment products and those games used for training purposes. In recent years there has been a trend away from complex and expensive purpose built military simulations, towards solutions based on commercial gaming engines. In addition to vastly reduced development costs, commercially based games o!er advantages in terms of their support for commonly available hardware and operating systems, the maturity and currency of their graphic engines, and the ability to access the games easily from work and home locations. Game designers also bring a wealth of experience in their ability to develop engaging and creative games which maintain high levels of player interest, which is essential to any training design process. The link however, has still not been made between games and training. There is a danger that this element of ‘training’ is moving away from a controlled and monitored environment, with built in feedback and error correction mechanisms, to one where the trainees operate entirely by themselves.
A catch cry amongst the providers of serious games has been, ‘Serious Games for Serious Training’. Many militaries have subscribed to this philosophy and have invested heavily in the acquisition of these games. There is however a growing undercurrent from military members who were starting to question whether they were actually getting real training value from the games that they had invested so heavily in. Though many are pro#cient in designing training scenarios that replicate current conditions, there is still no method to link the trainee’s performance with speci#ed learning objectives. How do you really know that the trainee has achieved anything worthwhile, how do you provide an auditable trail to say that the trainee is achieving any level of competency and how do you record those results with any degree of pro#ciency? The next step for Serious Trainers is to begin to understand how games and simulations are embedded and employed within a Serious Training environment. To be considered ‘serious’ games must be part of a deliberate and carefully planned training activity.
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Using Simulation to Assess Response to Interoperability Failures During a CrisisMartin Stytz and Shelia Banks
The network centric paradigm (NCW) for warfare makes information a tempting and lucrative target for attack. We can, and should, expect attacks upon national and allied information infrastructure and training will help personnel to operate in spite of an adversary’s attempts to decrease interoperability. Simulation, especially distributed simulation, can play a key role in the development of resilient interoperability capabilities because distributed simulation can provide an economical, standardized environment within which to develop and evaluate interoperability strategies, plans, and capabilities. Because interoperability in all of its forms and aspects is crucial to the success of NCW and to achieving impermeability to cyber attacks, there is a need for interoperability assessment and training environments that can operate within existing virtual simulation environments that can be used by operators, decision-makers, and other users who rely upon networks and software within a network-centric warfare paradigm. The paper addresses this issue and is organized as follows. The #rst section provides an introduction to our research topic and the importance of interoperability. The second section provides a brief background on decision-support tools, the human component of crisis interoperability, and the known technological, social, organizational, and language barriers to the human component of crisis interoperability. The third section describes our approach to using simulation to explore the research issues associated with crisis interoperability and concepts for using simulation to evaluate individual and organizational interoperability performance during a simulated crisis. The fourth section contains a summary and suggestions for further work.
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PRESENTATION 23
A Wireless Sensor Network for System Identi!cation of Sailboat DinghiesGraham Bennett, Chris Manzie, Denny Oetomo, Jonathan Binns and Norman Saunders
This paper presents a low-cost, wireless experimental test bed and data processing approach for use in the identi#cation of small boat dynamics. Small sailboats, despite their prevalence in the leisure market, do not have an accepted and validated model for system dynamics. While much e!ort has been devoted to the identi#cation of marine vessel dynamics for large craft over the past four decades, the assumptions made during system identi#cation of large yachts do not necessarily translate to small sailboats. The advent of sailboat simulators, like the Virtual Sailing’s V-Sail Trainer, demonstrates a need for high #delity models to ensure simulator performance appropriately replicates the real boat. The versatility of the approach presented in this paper makes it transferrable to the identi#cation of other inertial systems.
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PRESENTATION 78
High Fidelity Live Simulation for Combating PTSDDyan L Moore and Elyssebeth Leigh
Combat Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) places a major #nancial, emotional, physical, moral and generational cost and burden on families, society and organizations. It has been called, by military leaders, “the signature disease of the current military con"icts’. Extensive research has been done (and continues to be done) on the impact of Combat PTSD and organizations are researching ways of preventing or strengthening individuals against succumbing to combat PTSD. This paper explores the potential of using high #delity live simulation, as a tool for traumatic stress resiliency training. It reports on research data from the #elds of development psychology, behavioral therapy, and desensitization and prolonged exposure techniques. It also draws on #rsthand accounts gathered from soldiers who have participated in hyper realistic live simulation exercises.
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Defence Simulation Roadmap / Preliminary Defence Simulation ArchitecturePrincipal Authors
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JP3028 – Market SurveyPrincipal Author
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Joint SimulationJames McRae
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Land 400 – Simulation OpportunitiesJon Vaughan
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SPECIAL PRESENTATION
How Can Simulation Help – People Capability. A Case Study – Employment Pathways ProgramJason Morgan, Specialist Learning and Development Products, Mining Industry Skills Centre Inc
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PRESENTATION 17
Basic Message Formats for a Cyber Warfare Simulation EnvironmentMartin Stytz and Sheila Banks
The network centric paradigm for warfare makes information a tempting and potentially devastating target for attack. We can, and should, expect attacks upon the national and allied information infrastructure in future con"icts, and training will help personnel to recognize a cyber attack and to operate in spite of an adversary’s cyber attacks. Simulation, especially distributed simulation, is a key component in the development of cyber defense capabilities because distributed simulation can provide an economical, standardized environment within which to develop and evaluate cyber warfare defensive technologies. Due to the paramount importance of information to the success of the network centric warfare paradigm, proper diagnosis of cyber attacks is crucial. Clearly, operators and decision-makers must be able to di!erentiate between a cyber attack and a system failure or fault and this is the broad focus of our research. This paper addresses development of standards for simulating the e!ects of o!ensive and defensive cyber warfare activity, which will allow su$cient exposure to accurate simulated cyber events to enable e!ective human and machine response(s) to attacks upon network centric resources.
PRESENTATION 18
The Role of Modeling and Simulation in Developing Secure Computing EnvironmentsMartin Stytz and Sheila Banks
Simulating the operation of a computer’s applications can provide models of the computations, which can be used to detect malware. The need for a new approach to detecting malware arises from both the power and stealth of the current threat. In the last decade, attackers have shifted to using complex, multi-phase attacks based on subtle social engineering tactics coupled with advanced cryptographic techniques to prevent analysis and to execute highly targeted attacks against speci#c system components. Furthermore, these attacks are, to all intents and purposes, imperceptible to current technical defenses and detection technologies. There is every reason to expect that the sophistication of the cyber attacks and the technologies employed will increase and that the cyber attacker will continue to retain a decisive advantage. We believe that a new approach to cyber defense is needed and should not be
dependant upon detecting malware at the system boundary or when malware begins to execute but should exploit virtualization technology to the maximum extent possible to detect and contain malware. Virtualization can be used at each CPU in the computer to permit monitoring of the computations at the CPU and to examine all of the data entering and leaving the CPU; thereby allowing us to determine if the CPU has been subverted and is executing malware. Simulation is crucial to the success of this approach because it is only by using simulation that computational models for each CPU and data "ow models for each CPU can be developed. In this paper, we describe our approach to using virtualization to secure a computer, the role of simulation in our approach, and a description of our virtualization-based model architecture.
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PRESENTATION 86
Towards a Framework for After Action Review for Semi-Automated AnalysisDeghan Acay and Richard Yanieri
After action review is an inherent aspect of unit training in the military domain. In the case of simulation based training, complex high volume data is generally created and collected. The collected data can potentially be employed to conduct AAR in far more detail, and reused. Yet, the amount of data and the inherent complexity can easily exceed the cognitive skills of a trainer unless supported by tools that are appropriate for automated extraction of events and associated measures. One approach that can be used to enable automated knowledge extraction is to underpin such techniques on appropriately developed data structures. In technical terms, the tacit knowledge of the trainers should be formalised in a form usable by semi-automated AAR preparation tools. However, one should understand the standards, practices, and conventions in human-driven AAR preparation. In this paper task-oriented AAR, introduced in the literature, is discussed to build a task-oriented schema towards automated knowledge extraction. The schema is designed to form a basis for the development of automated knowledge extraction tools, and to bene#t Observers/Controllers in AAR preparation.
PRESENTATION 41
LVC Five Year Development Plan for JCTCJames McRae
The Joint and Combined Training Capability (JCTC) has the responsibility for providing coordinated Live Virtual Constructive (LVC) simulation training to major Defence exercises and mission rehearsals prior to deployment on operations. To ensure the requirements of the training audience are met, JCTC has developed a living #ve year plan to develop and implement LVC solutions, which will be distributed across the Defence Training and Experimentation Network (DTEN). The priority for LVC solutions is to maintain exercise realism for mission rehearsal exercises, with a focus on Joint Fires, Command and Control and Electronic Warfare. This paper looks beyond the simulators and includes policy, infrastructure and administration aspects often forgotten, but essential, to e!ectively deliver enhanced LVC support to the war #ghter undergoing training.
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Training of Non-Technical Skills Based on a Risk Based Training Needs AnalysisWerner Naef
NSW RailCorp in Sydney conducted a Risk Based Training Needs Analysis (RBTNA). The author has been involved in the early stages of this project and had designed and completed the #rst complete task analysis for train drivers of the organisation. One outcome of this comprehensive analysis was a set of non-technical behavioural markers for the operators of the Rail Management Centre (RMC) at Sydney Central where operations across the whole network gets managed centrally. The RMC plays a key role in not only managing daily operations but also in managing abnormal and emergency operations across the NSW CityRail system. Naef Pty Ltd was able to demonstrate that its team training computer simulation ‘GemaSim’ can cover over 90% of the validated non-technical skills required to demonstrate the desired non-technical behavioural markers (outcomes). As a consequence of this, and as a consequence of the need to do training in this area of non-technical skills based on the Waterfall accident report ‘GemaSim’ was successfully used in a training initiative in 2009 that embraced all sta! and managers of the RMC in Sydney. The paper informs about the background of the RBTNA, the prioritisation of the training themes and the training itself, including the train-the-trainer sequence.
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Semi-Automated Casual Analysis in Simulation Based Military TrainingDaghan Acay
E!ective training, particularly in the context of the military domain, relies upon after-action review (AAR) to provide feedback and instruction to trainees. The success of the AAR process largely depends on reliably detecting events of interest, and the causal links thereof, during the training exercise. Pervasive use of computer based training will promote an ever increasing quantity, breadth, accuracy, and richness of training exercise data, and will soon exceed what has traditionally been produced through hitherto conventional means of training support, which will likely overwhelm the current capacity for e!ective analysis. In theory the data stored during computer based training could be exploited to provide individualized and tailored AAR for more incisive and e!ective training. On the other hand, current AAR tools lack the capacity for e!ective and reliable semi or fully automated causal analysis that supports the O/C; speci#cally, the capability to capture the causality between and among events buried under terabytes of data. In this paper, theories behind Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) models are explored. Their suitability for causal analysis in the context of semi-automated event recognition from training data is discussed. We conclude that DBN is a good candidate for the causal analysis of temporally related events, particularly for group training.
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JDSC: A Flexible Tool Set for Capability Development Decision SupportDuncan Tailby, Head Joint Capability Research, Joint Operations Division, Defence Science and Technology Organisation
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Land Helicopter Dock: Ship Walk-Through Computer ModelTom Reynolds, Rowan Tink
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AerospaceTBA
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A Simulator for Semi-Autonomous UAV Integration into a Combat RoleJohn Page and Nathan Kinkaid
Autonomous and semi-autonomous aerial vehicles are #nding increasing roles as force multipliers in many defense contexts. Our interest lies in integrating such vehicles into combat capability alongside manned aerial assets. A number of proposals have been put forward as to how such an integrated "eet might enhance capability. These range from distributing sensors through electronic and physical shielding to weapon deployment. In order to investigate these potential capabilities we are in the process of commissioning an expanded simulation capability. For a number of years we have been conducting research using a multi-vehicle simulator, called a cluster simulator, we designed and developed within the school. This cluster has the capability of combining up to eight "ight-simulation programs. The simulated vehicles can be either remote controlled or have varying degrees of autonomy and can also mimic a "ying aircraft in real time simply by transmitting GPS data from the aircraft to one of the simulators. An extension of this capability which is described in this paper is the design of a two seat military training aircraft simulator without a motion platform, based on one of our advanced project designs. The front seat is occupied by a pilot while the rear seat by a mission controller. The role of the mission controller is not only to assist the pilot in achieving the objective but also to integrate the simulated UAVs generated by the cluster simulator. The mission controller will thus determine the strategy to be executed by the "eet. Along with basic plots of the combined "eet’s position the mission controller is also able to obtain visual and other data from any selected UAV to enhance mission management. The piloted vehicle can also be directed to the location of any of the UAVs should further investigation be required. Though the individual elements of the system are now in place a certain
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amount of further work is required to make it fully operational at which time it should be capable of simulating a number of combat scenarios and evaluating their viability.
PRESENTATION 36
A Distributed Environmental-Modelling Data ServerJohn Wharington, Alexei Skvortsov, Andrew Walker, Scott Penrose and Jennifer Palmer
Low-cost data storage and computing, together with the increasing availability of public sources of geospatial and meteorological data, o!er the opportunity to economically incorporate high-#delity environmental data in simulation products. Traditionally, simulations requiring environmental data have relied on simpli#ed or idealised representations because access to realistic modelling has been complex and prohibitively expensive.
The authors have recognised myriad requirements across DSTO for environmental data and have developed a software framework capable of e$ciently and inexpensively serving such data for a variety of end-uses, including real-time simulations, constructive simulations for performance and operations analysis, and statistical analysis. The framework includes facilities for distributed data warehousing as well as scheduling of retrieval from published source data. Post-processing of data for coordinate-system and other data-format conversions, application of higher resolution models, and statistical analysis are also incorporated in the system. An application programming interface permits users to retrieve remotely stored data as well as data cached locally. Web-based interfaces are also provided to end-users for retrieval and preview, as well as providing a system-administration capability. The system has been under development since 2008 and has been utilised for research purposes. This paper describes the framework and illustrates one of its applications, the performance analysis of a small, electrically powered tactical unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in a speci#c region.
PRESENTATION 69
Implementation of IEEE DIS Deep Packet Inspection Firewall in FPGA HardwardHugh Ackland, Peter Ross and Andrew Robbie
When connecting two simulation systems is prudent to use a #lter to prevent malformed or malicious tra$c from one system impacting on the other. Filtering at the IP layer is implemented using well tested routers and switches which implement many operations in hardware for maximum speed. Application layer #lters (or #rewalls) usually operate on top of standard operating systems, sacri#cing "exibility for slowness, increased latency and increased maintenance. In addition, it is very hard to verify the correctness of a #lter system implemented as, for example, a C++ program running in Windows. This is particularly important for high security systems.
We wished to explore the concept of a hardware #lter for the IEEE DIS standard, written in a Hardware Description Language and compiled to run directly on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). An analysis of aspects of the IEEE DIS standard amenable to #ltering is made. We present the #lter logic, describe its implementation on Net-FPGA and Xilinx Spartan prototyping boards, and provide detailed performance results.
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Voice Command for a Virtual Infantry Simulation: Quantifying the Bene!tEdward Rowlands and Michael Barlow
Traditionally, immersive virtual simulations (such as VBS, and more generally First Person Shooters) provide the ability to command Computer Generated Forces (or AI) by mapping orders and instructions to particular keystroke and mouse combinations. This approach further overburdens an already taxed interface mechanism that is being employed to control all physical actions of the player’s avatar. The consequence of this cumbersome approach is that command opportunities and actions may be missed or completely disregarded due to the di$culty & non-intuitive nature of the interface. Indeed it has been observed that the human in the loop will often disregard the need to command the computer generated forces and attempt to #ght the battle by themselves. This is clearly not a desirable training or experimental outcome. However, an alternate to the approach of command via keyboard & mouse is to provide the participant with an interface and control mechanism that is familiar through their everyday life and experience - that of using their voice. During this study a novel, simple and reliable voice interface was developed to control computer generated forces within the military simulation VBS 2. This interface was then trialed for use by a cohort of young soldiers, sailors and airmen/airwomen from the Australian Federation Guard. The participants were asked to take the role of a section commander and to command their computer controlled forces through a series of section attack scenarios. Using the voice interface and some dedicated scripting of the avatars they were monitored and their performance measured. A baseline for the study was obtained via quantifying performance for the traditional keyboard & mouse command interface. Participants also rated their experience in terms of believability and useability. Analysis of the results indicated that human participants were more inclined to communicate or command computer generated forces when the interface was more like the ‘real world’ - ie, the voice control. In addition, it appears that performance (as a commander) improves with a more intuitive interface
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The Open Simulation Platform (USIP OSP): Enabling you to Create and Conduct Online Training Simulations at No Cost for the TechnologyRonald “Skip” Cole
The United States Institute of Peace (USIP) has created an open source tool, the Open Simulation Platform (OSP), to allow anyone to create, conduct and re#ne online training simulations. This is a disruptive technology that will radically lower the cost of ownership to those who seek to create simulations preparing people for strategic decision making, and will enable many more people to partake in the noble, and ennobling, exercise of creating simulations. Those who understand the power of using simulations for training yearn to see simulations used much more in the classroom. But there has been little traction in actually ‘crossing the chasm’ and making simulation training a staple of mainstream education. With the USIP OSP we intend to cross this chasm. The problem, as we see it, is that simulation enthusiasts want to target the students, but fail grasp fully that the real gatekeepers are the instructors. Any tool that will be broadly adopted will have to enrich the lives of instructors at very little cost and time to them. In essence, it must be very easy to use. The tool will also have to be extremely "exible from the simulation author’s point of view, empowering them to create simulations capable of delivering their learning objectives to their audiences with ease. The USIP OSP is used internally at the USIP, at the U.S. National Defense University, and The Bishop’s School. This paper will discuss how to obtain and use it. The USIP OSP is an open source project, similar to LINUX and Wikipedia, so anyone can use it, and all are welcome to help us make it even better.
PRESENTATION 43
From Creams to Fleet Synthetic Training and BeyondPeter Clark, Peter Ross, Will Oliver, Peter Ryan and Ralph MacDonald
In the mid 1990s, Navy transitioned from a large mainframe-based centralised training system at HMAS WATSON that included models of all major ship types to a set of discrete simulators. Navy developed a distributed training capability by networking these new simulators under Project SEA 1412. This capability, known as the Maritime Warfare Training System (MWTS), enabled Navy to move to higher levels of training and readiness at minimal cost compared with live training, and prepare for coalition operations without leaving Australia. Once accepted into service, the MWTS was deployed in a series of exercises under several initiatives with the United States. The Coalition Readiness Management System (CReaMS) was an initiative by the United States Navy to demonstrate advanced training capabilities between coalition partners. This was established by way of bi-nation project arrangements, between the United States and each of Australia, the United Kingdom, Germany, Singapore and the Netherlands. Australian participation in the project resulted in the conduct of three coalition synthetic training demonstration events during 2001 - 2003. Development of a persistent and e!ective in-port and ashore training capability between the Royal Australian Navy and USN was the desired end-state of CReaMS. This was achieved
in May 2006 with the #rst of a series of Coalition Fleet Synthetic Training exercises held between the RAN and USN Third and Seventh Fleets. During 2006 – 2010, Navy has run up to three such exercises each year as part of their routine warfare training. Future developments include the addition of new simulation assets on the network, expanded involvement in coalition exercises, regional engagement, and automated objective exercise evaluation and trainee assessment. This paper will discuss the evolution of Navy synthetic training throughout 1995 – 2010, and address future scienti#c and technical enhancements to the current system.
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Lessons from the Field: Exploring the Impact of Debrie!ng Simulation ExercisesAmanda Davies
The delivery of training for police o$cers which provides opportunity to practice decision making skills in safe situations is widely acknowledged as problematic. Globally the inclusion in training of simulating policing incidents is growing at a rapid rate as a strategy to develop an o$cer’s preparedness for the volatile, life threatening front line of policing the streets. The NSW Police Simulation Operations Unit utilises the Jonathan Crego designed Hydra simulation framework to provide a situated learning experience. Senior o$cers undertaking an incident command course (ICC) have opportunity to ‘practice’ their decision making skills in a major public order incident. This paper reports on a pilot study undertaken to explore amongst other factors, the impact of debrie#ng the training simulation for o$cers’ professional practice. The study moved beyond the classroom to the street, interviewing ICC participants 3-4 months following training and their return to the #eld. The results suggest that the critical value of debrie#ng lies in supporting the participants learning by going beyond ‘a job well/not well done’ to increase their preparedness for the reality of their professional practice.
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Hospital Surge Capacity Management through SimulationNick Howden, Julie Trpkovski and Mark Grebler
Canada’s battle with SARS revealed signi#cant weaknesses in the Ontario healthcare system, including a limited ability to manage critical care resources across hospitals in response to a sudden spike in demand. In response to this, Ontario is running a new surge management program to help hospitals better manage spikes in demand for critical care services without a!ecting day to day hospital services. As part of this program, Ontario has engaged CAE to build a simulation capability to exercise surge management plans within and between hospitals.
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The main objective of this project is to test and exercise implementation of a principled approach to manage surge capacity and leverage critical care resources across the hospital network to ensure patients have access to care. Through participation in this program, each participating hospital will strengthen communication, improve partnerships and ensure access to critical care resources in a timely manner.
In order to e!ectively exercise surge management plans within and between hospitals, CAE is building a simulation environment that will provide the capability to run through a range of surge scenarios at the minor, moderate and major levels. The simulation capability will be able to create exercise scenarios based around a wide range of surge events, from disease outbreaks to mass casualty events and natural disasters. The system will also support testing and analysis of hospital processes and potential future changes and enhancements. This paper describes the development and application of the simulation system.
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PRESENTATION 61
Enskilling New Simulation Professionals: A Graduate Certi!cate in Healthcare SimulationPhillipa Neads, Marcus Watson and Dylan Campher
A new profession required within healthcare simulation is developing at present, the simulation co-ordinator. An appropriate vocational quali#cation is required to appropriately enskill the professionals taking up these new roles.
An essential new quali#cation has been identi#ed because of the need for competent sta!, and for a consistent quali#cation to ensure industrial equity for the group currently discharging the role. A Graduate Certi#cate in Healthcare Simulation has been identi#ed as a suitable, competency based quali#cation to achieve these two drivers. Developing the Graduate Certi#cate is underway, with accreditation achieved via the Training and Employment Recognition Council, Queensland.
The Vocational Graduate Certi#cate comprises six modules, each comprising an interactive self directed work book, and face to face workshop, supported by reading. The modules cover the knowledge, skills and behaviours required to successfully discharge the role of simulation co-ordinator, and will also be of interest to those instructing in the #eld. A number of signi#cant challenges were faced in developing this quali#cation, including a requirement to bring together di!erent disciplines with di!erent view points
The Vocational Graduate Certi#cate in Healthcare Simulation has met the #rst hurdle and has been accredited as a nation wide training quali#cation. The pilot is underway, and will be completed by April 2010.
Whilst appropriate quali#cations are essential, the challenges in developing them should not be underestimated.
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PRESENTATION 16
Simulating Goal Driven UAV Clusters – Individual CharacteristicsPhilip Sammons and John Page
Operational costs and access to emergency aerial vehicles for applications such as search and rescue, bush #re tracking and detection and other disaster emergency responses, often play a major role in the number of resources it is possible to mobilize. Recent technological advances have seen the development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) which can address these issues more economically. The continuing research into the autonomy of UAVs is aimed at reducing the signi#cant human resources that is currently required to operate a single vehicle while retaining capability. These developments in automation are also a precursor for the realisation of autonomous teams of vehicles, that can cooperate in order to complete the desired goal, as studies have shown a considerable improvement in terms of successful mission completion when more than one UAV is deployed. A team of multiple unmanned vehicles require an autonomous path planning and asset management framework in which to operate. This framework is best investigated and developed in a simulation environment allowing realistic outcomes to be investigated of the developing team and swarm control theories. This paper presents ongoing research and development steps towards the use of many heterogeneous agents that form a cluster in order to improve the overall e!ectiveness of a UAV search team. Insight has been found by examining literature on how communal insects such as ants and bees use simple algorithms to #nd food sources and to what extent their individuality enhances the e$ciency of the process.
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PRESENTATION 76
Does Notebook-Based, Accessible Simulation Training Create Cybersickness?Susan Bruck and Paul Watters
Accessibility to simulated environments generally is limited by the availability of sophisticated hardware and software. An alluring option could be to use a portable computer, thereby availing simulation training to a wider-ranging client base in a more economical and e$cient way. However, one of problem associated with some of the screen based simulation environments can be the client reports of unpleasant symptomatic responses such as cybersickness. In this study we investigated whether watching considerable simulated motion on a laptop computer screen for six minutes would induce signi#cant cybersickness symptoms in a healthy sample population. We hypothesized that there would be no reports of cybersickness in response to simulated movement on a laptop computer. The hypothesis was tested using a Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Rank Test. The prediction that there would be no signi#cant di!erence between the Pre-Test and the Post-Test SSQ symptom scores was supported on eleven out of sixteen symptoms. Nevertheless, the hypothesis was not supported on #ve SSQ Pre-/Post- test scores (General Discomfort, Eyestrain, Di$culty in Focusing, Di$culty in Concentrating, Dizziness Eyes Closed) indicating that participants were moderately distressed by the movement in the simulation. We suggest that the reported eyestrain resulted from technical issues related to the screen refresh rate, and that the di$culty in concentration was a consequence of the tedious content of the simulation – both important technical consideration when designing a system. If these results can be veri#ed by a larger and more diverse client population, then the results would appear to suggest that using laptop computers simulations for training, even when there is a signi#cant amount of simulated movement is not likely to initiate symptoms of nausea, headache or fatigue as has been observed in previous research using large immersive virtual reality environments.
STREAM 3 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
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PRESENTATION 83
Behavioural and Organisational Modelling Framework Support for Paramedic TrainingMario Selvestrel, Evan Harris, Joel Schmidt and Mark Grebler
The training of senior paramedics for mass casualty events is fundamentally di!erent to that needed for normal operations. A paramedic’s primary training and typical experience is in incidents with few casualties, where each casualty is able to receive individual life saving treatment. In contrast, the primary focus in a mass casualty scenario is to do the most good for the most people with the limited resources available, with an expectation that paramedics will be unlikely to save all casualties. In such mass casualty scenarios senior paramedics take on a resource management and coordination role rather than one focused on the treatment of individual patients.
Training senior paramedics’ skills in resource management and coordination is typically labour intensive, costly and time consuming as it requires a large number of people to provide stimulus for the senior paramedic undergoing the training. Development of a simulation tool to provide the management and coordination training for senior paramedics can signi#cantly lower the cost and time to provide the training.
The Behavioural and Organisational Modelling Framework (BOMF) is being developed to provide a model of the organisational structure within which senior paramedics need to operate. The BOMF provides a mechanism by which the trainee can perform complex interactions with models of superiors and subordinates. To provide realistic training the models of the human operators need to provide a reasonable model of their reasoning abilities. When reasoning about the environment humans use a variety of reasoning techniques and methods. These include building and maintaining situation awareness of the surrounding environment, planning on how to act on the environment, pursuing multiple goals simultaneously, and interleaving pro-active and reactive behaviours.
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PRESENTATION 35
A Methodology for Re-Validating Simulation Software Following a Change in Implementation PlatformJohn Podlena, Keith Joshi and Xiaoming Zhang
The life cycle of simulation or modeling software can include fundamental changes in the implementation platform; be they the programming language used or the supported hardware. These changes can likewise often result in changes in simulation results from the old platform to the new given the same inputs. This necessarily presents a requirement to understand the cause of these di!erences and at the highest level to verify that any change is due to di!erences in the platforms and not programmatic errors. This paper details the methodology followed for such a change in implementation platform, the statistical processes used to identify signi#cant changes to simulation results, and #nally the discovered causes of simulation result di!erences.
STREAM 4 RESOURCES / INFRASTRUCTURE
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PRESENTATION 30
Development of an Interactive Visual Knowledge Management System for Sustainable Mining PracticesPhillip Stothard and David Laurence
The generation, retention, and transfer of knowledge are crucial for sustainability. Sustainable mining ensures e$cient resource extraction with minimum social and environmental impact. The Mining Industry is well placed to leverage existing simulation infrastructure and apply it to sustainability. The application of existing simulation technology to multiple mining processes can reduce the cost of ownership. Interactive Visual Knowledge Management Systems present an opportunity for historic, current and future mining experience to be recorded and interrogated in a visual environment. Techniques such as digital-photography, 360 degree video, web-based communications, satellite imagery, computer graphics and sensor technology are readily available as a resource for storage, interrogation, interpretation and presentation of mining data. Mining data has been presented in 3D for sometime however its application to sustainability is relatively new and an issue is that knowledge and understanding often resides with individuals, teams or as repositories of text based documentation. Discipline experts are extremely pro#cient at dealing and interpreting their own data sets. Unfortunately, when the time comes to present data or work with data from other disciplines, or more importantly, present information to stake holders and non-technical people, key information can be ‘lost in translation’. This presents an obstacle for community engagement where one person’s perception of a dataset may not necessarily be the same as another. The result can be con"ict. Information should be easily interpreted and understood by all. That is, one person’s data
should be easily available for others to learn from. Perception and understanding from one person to the next should be constant. Interactive Visual Knowledge Management Systems provide intuitive ways to analyse data and develop ‘Best-Practice’ for new mine operations. They o!er a mechanism for people to take site tours without having to visit the real site. The cost savings when numerous people are involved in the decision making process can be great. The School of Mining Engineering at the University of New South Wales has developed an Interactive Visual Knowledge Management System for sustainability issues related to mining an ore-body in a sensitive area. This paper discusses the concept of that system, its objectives and presents the #rst trial of the prototype system. The results from this #rst trial are encouraging.
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PRESENTATION 29
Evaluating the E"ectiveness of Virtual Reality Learning in a Mining ContextLauren Bennett, Phillip Stothard and James Kehoe
UNSW’s Schools of Mining Engineering and Psychology have jointly developed high-#delity simulations for training in the coal mining industry aimed at improving safety. These simulations have capitalised on advanced technology to move beyond replications of traditional class-room training and to implement best, evidence-based instructional practices. The present paper describes controlled experiments conducted as an initial, rigorous evaluation of the simulations by testing one small component. Speci#cally, a 3-D simulation of a coal mine was compared to a 2-D slide-based presentation in the acquisition, retention and transfer of a standardised operating procedure. Novices were trained to re-start an exhaust fan and were subsequently given a multiple-choice test immediately after training and then again after a retention interval of one week or more. In Experiment 1, training was conducted using the mining simulator (Group Sim) versus class-room slide presentations (Group PP). To maintain the participants’ active attention, each step of the procedure was followed by a question and feedback. Experiment 2 included a third condition in which participants in the mining simulator were asked to collaborate in generating answers to the in-training questions (Group Sim+). Two weeks after the retention test in Experiment 2, the top #ve participants in Groups Sim+ and PP provided a hands-on demonstration of the exhaust-fan procedure. Across experiments, training in the simulator tended to yield better test scores than the class-room training, particularly in the practical, hands-on test. The positive e!ect of the mine simulation on acquisition, retention, and transfer of the procedure provides a foundation for further simulation-based modules, which can replicated across mine sites and provide consistent training that does not depend on the individual trainer. This replication and consistency will decrease the cost of development and ownership to a small fraction of the cost of mining.
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SPECIAL PRESENTATION
Emergency Management Symposium – Interactive Panel DiscussionA/Prof Andrew Wilford, Professor of Project Management, School of Sustainable Development, Bond University
Chief Superintendent Andrew Short, Director, School of Fire and Rescue Service Training, Queensland Fire and Rescue Service
STREAM 2 EDUCATION
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PRESENTATION 31
Three Phases of SimulationChris Huggins
Simulation as a tool to develop psychomotor skills is well established, and often is seen as the gold standard. In health, and many other professions high quality psychomotor skills are only part of the equation. These highly developed psychomotor skills are and should be linked to the skill of judgment. Judgment is often seen as the domain of experiential learning and is only achieved through the authentic workplace. It is these experiences in the authentic workplace that is seen as the fertile ground which allows us to develop our schemata, and the bedrock of judgment. However, these experience come at a cost, also there are ethical consideration of allowing students to manage people in the authentic setting before they are fully competent.
Experience in most professions is seen as the providence of the authentic workplace and not easily obtained outside of this. These experiences are often linked to time in the authentic workplace, however, this is a poor measure of experience, as there is no control over quality, type or quantity of the experiences in this setting. Dewey (1965) has argued that twenty years experience may only be one year twenty times over. Therefore, how do we provide for the development of e!ective judgment? This paper will examine simulation and it’s in the place in the development of judgment as a core learning activity.
Simulation has three logical phases;the brie#ngthe scenariothe debrie#ng
Each of these phases plays an important role in the e!ectiveness of simulation. Also each phase will engage di!erent aspects of the students learning. Simulation can be de#ned as an active learning pedagogy, which engages the students on emotional, cognitive and psychomotor levels. The result of this is, simulation needs to be embedded into the curriculum and not as an adjunct to it. This paper looks at all phases of a simulation with a major focus on the third phase, and the power of public re"ection and its part in the development of “phronesis” (practical wisdom).
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PRESENTATION 71
4D Virtual Models in Complex Urban Technologies ProjectsBen Guy
UC works with large design teams to integrate and help validate multi-professional design inputs into a rapidly updating space for forensic analysis. Throughout optioneering and design iterations, thousands of drawings, their updates and subtleties can be pushed to UC. This requires a production response time of hours and minutes to produce and publish new scenarios for interactive experiences.
Within these 3D and 4D spaces increasingly complex veri#cations are demanded for at-speed motions, such as Road Safety Audit compliances to local and national standard, signage and signal analysis, sun-glare responses and tunnel portal experiences.
The UC system includes fully animated, high realism assets such as cars, trains, buses and trams that corner and turn in realistic fashions in real-time to truly emulate the scenario of a complex interchange or urban environment with multiple demands. Characters walk and cross roads, people in wheelchairs board trains and pushbikers ride by - all at human speeds.
All in all UC is creating increasingly complex urban validation technology utilized in complex major projects and infrastructure across the country. This technology is used throughout design, communication, speci#cation, marketing, sta! induction, driver training and stakeholder management.
A case study approach of how this methodology was integrated into the design process of the largest transport project in Australian history, and helped that team win, will be provided in an interactive 3D demonstration for the SimTect audience.
PRESENTATION 68
The Application of Virtual Driving Simulation to Enhance Infrastructure DesignAnita Byrnes, Yuji Ito, Thea Lorentzen, Shunta Shimizu, Yoriyuki Sunaga
This paper describes the application of virtual driving trials to the design of a tunneled highway junction in Tokyo, Japan. A 3-panel virtual reality simulator allowed for road plans to be experienced from a driver’s perspective in a 3D interactive, real-time environment. Driver reactions were then used to assess the visibility of signs, road markings, guidance information, and evacuation routes. Virtual driving trials were performed in two series with the #rst results indicating that changes in size, coloring and placement were necessary. The second series re-enforced that the changes were bene#cial for drivers. Finally, on-site trials were also performed to con#rm the feedback from simulation and prepare for construction completion. This paper presents the driving results and implementation into the highway design as well as an analysis of the VR tool’s application to the safety assessment study.
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PRESENTATION 32
Evaluation of Underground Virtual Environmental Training: Is the Mining Simulation or Conventional Power Point more E"ective?Shirley Zhang, Phillip Stothard and James Kehoe
UNSW’s Schools of Mining Engineering and Psychology have jointly developed high-#delity simulations for training in the coal mining industry aimed at improving safety. These simulations have capitalised on advanced technology to move beyond replications of traditional class-room training and to implement best, evidence-based instructional practices. The present paper describes controlled experiments conducted as an initial, rigorous evaluation of the simulations by testing one small component. Speci#cally, a 3-D simulation of a coal mine was compared to a 2-D slide-based presentation in the acquisition, retention and transfer of a standardised operating procedure. Novices were trained to re-start an exhaust fan and were subsequently given a multiple-choice test immediately after training and then again after a retention interval of one week or more. In Experiment 1, training was conducted using the mining simulator (Group Sim) versus class-room slide presentations (Group PP). To maintain the participants’ active attention, each step of the procedure was followed by a question and feedback. Experiment 2 included a third condition in which participants in the mining simulator were asked to collaborate in generating answers to the in-training questions (Group Sim+). Two weeks after the retention test in Experiment 2, the top #ve participants in Groups Sim+ and PP provided a hands-on demonstration of the exhaust-fan procedure. Across experiments, training in the simulator tended to yield better test scores than the class-room training, particularly in the practical, hands-on test. The positive e!ect of the mine simulation on acquisition, retention, and transfer of the procedure provides a foundation for further simulation-based modules, which can replicated across mine sites and provide consistent training that does not depend on the individual trainer. This replication and consistency will decrease the cost of development and ownership to a small fraction of the cost of mining.
STREAM 3 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
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PRESENTATION 15
Removing the Fuzzy and Adding the Logic to System Level TrainingHeath Pratt, Andrew Neely and Michael Harrap
Simulation is potentially a cost e!ective and risk averse medium in which to transfer malfunction or emergency training. In the military context, the ever increasing employment of system intensive platforms within hostile environments is leading to a shift in training requirements from one of handling and control to one of system management. Simulation plays an important part in meeting this training requirement. Furthermore, the
role of simulation has expanded from ab-initio training to crew management, mission rehearsal and battle-damage related emergencies. In order to meet these demands, simulators must also be developed to provide training cues that accommodate malfunction/emergency training in these environments.
Simulators designed to provide this training face a number of challenges. These include the lack of authorised data to support malfunction cues and the structure of the system models that support the simulation. Current simulator models are usually based upon lookup tables collated from data obtained during "ight-testing. This data is often restricted to the normal operational envelope and rarely contains abnormal behaviour that can be used for malfunction simulation.
The traditional implementation of malfunctions requires the use of scripts to override normal model behaviour as de#ned by the associated lookup tables. This approach restricts the delivery of training to speci#c scenarios and areas of the "ight envelope where the scripted cues are valid. The lack of authorised data to support the malfunction cues may lead to negative training transfer. Furthermore scripted malfunctions do not accommodate trainee interaction or provide model behaviour that responds appropriately to the various permutations and combinations that can be experienced during "exible training scenarios, such as mission rehearsal. System level models may also have limited behavioural feedback #delity – a property that rewards or punishes the trainee for correct or incorrect responses.
To address these limitations, future models must evolve to provide the trainee with greater behavioural #delity. This is especially important when modelling systems experiencing abnormal behaviour associated with malfunctions or emergencies. To achieve this, the modeling paradigm must change from the current scripted approach utilizing system level lookup tables, to an approach where individual system components are physically modeled and interact with one another to represent the entire system. Such an approach will accommodate the accurate representation of cues that propagate naturally throughout the system without resorting to scripting with its inherent limitations. This paper presents a method of modeling malfunction behaviour using object oriented programming and fuzzy logic.
The application of fuzzy logic has been well documented within aviation for the prognostic and diagnostic analysis of gas turbine engines. Fuzzy logic, unlike Boolean logic, allows data to be described by its ‘degree of membership’ of a given set. This provides the basis for modeling using ‘rules’ and better re"ects reality where the truth of any statement is often not ‘yes’ or ‘no’, but somewhere ‘in-between’.
Fuzzy logic is currently used with health and usage data to monitor engine condition states, where noise associated with randomness may hamper a diagnosis. Extending this application to training may provide an e!ective means by which malfunction symptoms can be presented to the trainee. It is proposed that fuzzy logic be used to inference component level output variables based upon input variables that are not crisp but have an element of randomness or “fuzziness” associated with them.
This paper will investigate the use of fuzzy logic in conjunction with object orientated component level models to provide "exible and realistic malfunction training throughout the spectrum of the "ight envelope. Furthermore, it will investigate the means by which such models can be veri#ed to reduce negative training risk and provide a basis for accreditation.
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PRESENTATION 11
Real-Time Decision Making for Asset Management Using SimulationJames Baulch and Erik Van Voorthuysen
In a world where capital resources are a scarce commodity, return on assets and OEE rule supreme. Organizations need to continually chase process reliability and performance to remain competitive. Textbooks abound with maintenance and process improvement strategies and frameworks. Outside of strongly regulated sectors such as the airline and petrochemical industries, maintenance has traditionally been regarded as a necessary evil and continues to escape the attention of senior management.
With increasingly sophisticated simulation platforms, including Arena (Rockwell) and Delmia (Dassault Systemes), it is possible to design models that mimic closely the behaviour of complex systems and allow the user to predict future performance and cost based on historically observed behaviour and current decisions. On top of this, these models need to incorporate a user-interface for decision-making in real time. Examples of real-time decisions include repair versus replace, matching of rotables, improvement action, how many times to overhaul before discarding, level of opportunistic maintenance, level of managed condition, level of stores, optimum level of maintenance capacity and many more.
Two simulation models have been developed, one that deals with the maintenance of a complex and high speed industrial process and the other for improvement of this industrial process based on reliability condition, performance and critical process data. The #rst model is machine-centric whereas the second model is process-centric.
This paper describes in some detail the philosophy and working behind these models.
PRESENTATION 28
Simulation-Based Design of Robotic SystemsShardi Mohammad Munshi and Erik Van Voorthuysen
The design of novel robotic joints and manipulators requires the integration and synthesis of knowledge and information from a number of di!erent sources and disciplines including mechanics, control theory, tribology, reliability and manufacturability.
In order to increase the likelihood of a successful design in a shorter period of time, a simulation-based methodology is proposed and is currently being employed in the design of a low-cost but high performance pneumatic manipulator. The methodology is based on an iterative process of system modi#cations leading to improved successful designs of robotic systems.
Pneumatic actuation has been exploited in the past decades as a low cost alternative to electrical and hydraulic actuation. Understanding the behavior of these systems with di!erent controllers will assist to expand their applications, especially in robotics.
A challenge that the simulation model addresses is to understand the performance of pneumatic cylinders operated with two di!erent valve con#gurations, in this case, a single 5/3 way proportional valve and a con#guration of 4 3/2 way low cost electrical on/o! solenoid valves . These valves act as the main control elements in the system.
A simulation program using Matlab/Simulink was developed and tested with a PD controller to test the performance of a 6 DOF robot manipulator actuated using a single pneumatic cylinder, as the driving force, for each joint.
The simulation model is based on several physical laws describing the pneumatic system as the valve(s) open and close providing pressure di!erence between the two chambers causing the pneumatic cylinder to actuate.
Preliminary designs arising from the models are manufactured using Rapid-Prototyping technology. These components are subsequently experimentally tested and the resulting experimental data is fed back into the simulation model.
This design methodology can be used for system #ne tuning; design feature modi#cations and multi variable optimization such as accuracy, speed and force control.
STREAM 3 EDUCATION
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PRESENTATION 4
Maximising E#ciency of Training Outcomes Using Inexpensive 3D TechnologiesMichael Garrett and Mark McMahon
The technical development of computer-generated three dimensional (3D) environments has been heavily in"uenced by innovations within the gaming industry, where high consumer demand has driven rapid advancements in associated hardware and software technologies (Lewis & Jacobson, 2002). These technologies have not gone unnoticed by advocates of serious games, who have recognised their potential to represent three-dimensional spaces realistically and authentically for simulation and learning purposes (Susi, Johannesson & Backlund, 2007). A wide variety of low cost software technologies are available for this purpose which combine an integrated development environment with a rendering engine in a single package which can be run on standard desktop computer hardware. In this manner, inexpensive 3D gaming technologies can be developed as viable learning and training platforms for situations where real world instruction may not be practical, feasible, safe, or cost e!ective (Baylis, 2000). Such platforms can be developed without the need for intimate programming knowledge or experience owing to the development tools and built-in scripting languages that are often bundled with game engines (Dupire, Topol & Cubaud, 2005; Herz & Macedonia, 2002).
This paper reports on one such application of inexpensive gaming technologies for the development of a 3D mining simulation for occupational health and safety training. A conceptual framework, referred to as the Simulation, User, and Problem-based Learning (SUPL) approach, was developed to guide design based on factors relating to the user, the problem-solving task, and the 3D simulation environment.
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Using the design and development process for this product as a case study, the paper and presentation will identify how future projects may bene#t from such an approach that provides meaningful training outcomes through an appropriate design methodology using inexpensive and accessible technology.
STREAM 4 RESOURCES / INFRASTRUCTURE
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PRESENTATION 96
Leveraging Simulation Systems by Separating your ConcernsDouglas Bester and Apolon Ivankovic
We demonstrate an approach to leverage simulation modules from stand-alone models to create company-wide sustainable systems for the long-term. There has been a recent surge in the ability for simulations to be run and visualised using standard computer technology. The advent of multiple core processors and a!ordable multi-processor graphic cards now allow complex systems to be modelled in real time and in 3D. This technology has been out of reach for many mainstream industries without signi#cant budgets. With the appropriate architecture, simulation systems can be extended to cover a wide range of areas, such as sales and marketing, construction, safety and training, remote operation and fault #nding. This can signi#cantly reduce the investment required and add greater value to the entire organisation. We illustrate an approach to leveraging simulation systems by separating concerns using a project completed during 2010 for the loading of iron ore in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. The paper explores concepts like object servers, object replication, custom protocols and separating the visualisation layer from the data.
PRESENTATION 27
An Assessment of the Maturity of Computer-Based Simulation in the Mining IndustryPhillip Stothard and Philip Swadling
The 21st Century Mining Industry in Australia, is clearly a high-technology industry. However, the maturity of computer based simulation within the mining industry when compared to other industries is unclear. This paper makes a comparison between Mining, Aviation, Defence, Rail, and Health to gain an assessment of the maturity of computer based simulation within mining.
Computer based simulation technology has developed steadily over recent decades, and has been implemented into other industries at varying levels of complexity, sophistication and success. There have also been rapid advances in hardware and software technology that potentially make simulation accessible to all sizes and types of industry. The number of practitioners with development experience has also increased signi#cantly, allowing both low-cost, mass market and high-end small market computer based simulations to be developed successfully for numerous industries, including Mining.
When Mining is compared to other industries the acceptance of simulation appears to be immature, particularly in the area of mine-site simulation for risk and hazard reduction, training
simulation course design, operational command and control and a formal framework for implementation. This is a concern as interactive computer based visualisation and simulation for mining has been available globally since the early nineties and in use in other industries such as aviation for example for considerably longer. Hence the question asked by this paper is, “What is the level of maturity of interactive computer based simulation in the mining industry when compared to other industries?” The objective is to make a preliminary assessment that will lead to some tangible action that will engage the wider mining industry.
The paper reviews the development, deployment and implementation of some of the many interactive visualisations and simulations developed for the mining industry to date. The outcome of the paper is a basic qualitative maturity model that summarises interactive computer based simulation in the mining industry as of 2010. The model compares a chronological development of mining simulations. While Aviation is considered the most mature industry overall, the main industry chosen for comparison is Defence because the risks that need to be controlled in Mining and Defence are quite similar.
The paper is authored by members of the Simulation Industry Association of Australia Resources and Infrastructure Special Interest Group.
PRESENTATION 10
Development and Evaluation of Omniwalker for Navigating Immersive Computer Based Mine SimulationsMinghadi Suryajaya, Chris Fowler, Tim Lambert, Phillip Stothard, David Laurence and Chris Daly
The University of New South Wales, School of Mining Engineering is performing research using an experimental OmniWalker platform for Navigating Immersive Computer Based Mine Simulations. This driver for this project is that many computer based simulations rely on conventional navigation methods such as a joystick and keyboard to enable the user to navigate around the virtual environment. In most cases, this constrains the user and prevents them from actually walking around in the synthesized environment as they would in a real environment. In some instances of safety oriented simulations this may create a false impression of the di$culty of the tasks to be undertaken and the complexity of the environment. The research has found that many state-of-the-art locomotion systems such as omnidirectional treadmills have a huge barrier to entry due to the high cost of ownership. In some cases, safety may also be an issue as the slow response of such mechanical devices renders them unable to adjust to sudden changes in walking speed. In this paper, the University of New South Wales, School of Mining Engineering presents a preliminary study of our recently-developed OmniWalker in terms of its e!ectiveness in delivering improved VR simulation. The device itself is relatively inexpensive and very robust for regular usage. The paper presents details of system development and of a preliminary study on the e!ectiveness of the OmniWalker in underground coal safety training.
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PRESENTATION 6
A Simpli!ed Simulation of Gas Turbine Engine OperationJohn Olsen and John Page
This work outlines the analysis used in simulating the operation of a gas turbine engine. Its starting point is the analysis of Cumpsty (2006). Cumpsty’s work suggests that it is possible to simplify the behavior of gas turbine engines enormously by taking into account aspects that are common to all turbine maps, i.e., the collapse of curves representing di!ering constant non-dimensional spool rotational speed. As a result, the relationship between the pressure ratio and the non-dimensional mass "ow rate as well as the pressure ratio and the isentropic e$ciency are essentially independent of the rotational speed of the spool. Following Cumpsty, we develop equations to enable us to calculate both pressure ratios and normalised mass "ow rates through compressors so that we can plot the behavior of these engines on compressor maps.
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> NOTES
Consec – Conference ManagementPO Box 3127 BMDC ACT 2617
Telephone: +61 2 6251 0675Facsimile: +61 2 6251 0672Email: simtect2010 consec.com.au
Conference Manager: Barry NeameConference Coordinator: Margie Wallace www.simtect.com
SimTecT 2010 is held under the auspices of the Simulation Industry Association of Australia (SIAA) Ltd ABN 13 087 862 619
