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sn d i
Sindhi
sarvabhshin
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Script
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The Sindhi letters and words described in this book are each
accompanied by a pronunciation key in the International PhoneticAlphabet (IPA). Please refer to these IPA keys for the exact
pronunciation of a Sindhi letter or word.
The IPA is a scientific notation used for accurately transcribing the
sounds of most human languages. More about the IPA can be
found at http://www.yorku.ca/earmstro/ipa/ and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipa.
The similarities describedin this book between the pronunciations
of Sindhi letters and corresponding English letters are only
guidelines and should be considered as such.
http://www.yorku.ca/earmstro/ipa/http://www.yorku.ca/earmstro/ipa/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipahttp://www.yorku.ca/earmstro/ipa/7/27/2019 Sindhi Script Book | sarvabhashin
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4
k
This letter has a sound similar to
k in skip
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5
This letter has a sound similar to
g in go
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6
These are the letters weve just seen
k
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7
p
This letter has a sound similar to
p in speak
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8
b
This letter has a sound similar to
b in bat
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9
These are the letters weve seen so far
k
b p
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10
This letter has a sound similar to
tch in catch
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11
This letter has a sound similar to
dge in badge
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12
These are the letters weve seen so far
k
b p
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13
This sign has a sound similar to
a in America
This sign is written abovea letter
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14
This is how the sign for is written
k
b p
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15
This sign has a sound similar to
i in pin
This sign is written belowa letter
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16
This is how the sign for is written
k
b p
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17
This sign has a sound similar to
u in bull
Thissign is written above a letter
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18
This is how the sign for is written
k
b p
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19
Look at these sequences
made from the letters and signs weve just seen
kkk
bbb ppp
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Did you notice how the letters join one another?
Heres one of those letters, along with vowel signs
k k k
+ +
=
kkk
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Heres another one of those letters,with vowel signs
+ +
=
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These letters join in similar ways
ppp p p p
= + +bbb b b b
= + +
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These letters, too, join in similar ways
= + +
= + +
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Lets try some more combinations of joining letters
k k
= +b b
= +p p
= +
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j
This letter has a sound similar to
y in yo-yo
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r
This letter has a sound similar to
r in Italian Roma
This is a rolled /r/, as in Spanish or Italian
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l
This letter has a sound similar to
l in lad
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28
This letter has a sound similar to
v in victory
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These are the letters weve just seen
r j
l
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This is how the sign for is written on these letters
r j
l
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This is how the sign for is written on these letters
r j
l
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This is how the sign for is written on these letters
r j
l
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Look at these sequences
made from the letters and signs weve just seen
rrr jjj
lll
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Did you notice?
These letters dontjoin the next one!
rrr
So, while most of the letters join the next one,
allof them dont
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These are some actual Sindhi words
Can you read them?
http://www.crulp.org/sed/WordDetail.aspx?wdid=58http://www.crulp.org/sed/WordDetail.aspx?wdid=58http://www.crulp.org/sed/WordDetail.aspx?wdid=58http://www.crulp.org/sed/WordDetail.aspx?wdid=587/27/2019 Sindhi Script Book | sarvabhashin
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Here are their pronunciations and meanings
pl pr l kl
bridge but flower total
k p
judge during bite lipkkr bl p
cloud mountain silenceklb ppr r
club peepul tree
(Ficus religiosa) carrot
Did you notice the superscript letter in the pronunciation key
for these words?
pl pr l
This means that these sounds are pronounced very lightly, almost not at all
This usually happens at the end of a word
http://www.crulp.org/sed/WordDetail.aspx?wdid=58http://www.crulp.org/sed/WordDetail.aspx?wdid=58http://www.crulp.org/sed/WordDetail.aspx?wdid=58http://www.crulp.org/sed/WordDetail.aspx?wdid=587/27/2019 Sindhi Script Book | sarvabhashin
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s
This letter has a sound similar to
s in sit
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This letter has a sound similar to
sh in ship
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This letter has a sound similar to
h in hat
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These are the letters wevejust seen
s
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This is how the signs for , i and are written on these letters
s
s
s
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Look at these sequences
made from the letters and signs weve just seen
sss
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These letters join in similar ways
sss s s s
= + +
= + +
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causes the pronunciation of certain vowels before and after it
to change slightly.
Rule
If the vowel immediately before is then
which sounds like
ai in fair
In other words
becomes
becomes
becomes
becomes
Note that this rule does not apply
if the vowel immediately after is a long vowel.
We will come across long vowels later in this book.
Some pronunciation examples will make this vowel-change rulea little clearer.
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Can you read these Sindhi words?
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Here are their pronunciations and meanings
sr sb k l
brick sew speak move, runk ss s rs
suspicion mother-in-law sun juicek r s bs
a, one stay endure enoughsbb pr kr
reason wear gratitude poison
bt r kl r s p
better appearance, form city, town really, truly
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z
This letter has a sound similar to
z in zebra
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48
f
This letter has a sound similar to
f in fat
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49
These are the letters weve just seen
f z
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This is how the signs for , i and are written on these letters
f z
f z
f z
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51
Look at these sequences
made from the letters and signs weve just seen
fff zzz
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These letters look similar, and behave similarly
rrr r r r
= + +
zzz z z z
= + +
Neither of them joins the following letter, much like
= + +
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53
Here are some Sindhi words
containing the letters weve just seen
Could you read them?
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Here are their pronunciations and meanings
klf fr
lock floor
sbz brf
green snow, ice
bzr zr
elder, senior poison
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n
This letter has a sound similar to
n in new
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56
m
This letter has a sound similar to
m in mother
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57
These are the letters weve just seen
m n
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This is how the signs for , i and are written on these letters
m n
m n
m n
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Look at these sequences
made from the letters and signs weve just seen
mmm nnn
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60
Notice how these letters do not look similar when not joined,
but look similar whenjoined
jjj j j j
= + +nnn n n n
= + +
Did you notice?
When joined, the only difference
in how they look
is the number of dots
jnjnjnr
In fact, when joined, j and n
look very similar to p and b
pbpbpbr
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Some more Sindhi words
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Heres how they sound and what they mean
m pn kn km
kiss leaf ear work
pm nrm rm kml
wool soft hot lotus
zn rsm rn nm
weight custom foot birth
jnm nmbr pn mlk
hell number five country
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x
This letter has a sound similar to
ch in Scottish loch
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64
This letter has a sound similar to
r in French au revoir
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65
These are the letters weve just seen
x
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66
This is how the signs for , i and are written on these letters
x
x
x
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67
Look at these sequences
made from the letters and signs weve just seen
xxx
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68
Notice the similarity in how these letters look?
xxx
The only difference in how they look is
the number of dots
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69
Can you read these Sindhi words?
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How many did you get right?
sl bl xbr m
bath side news grief
zxm xr xk zl
wound expenditure dry sonnet
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71
t
This letter has a sound similar to
t in Spanish toro
To pronounce this letter, the tip of your tongue
touches the back of your front teeth
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d
This letter has a sound similar to
d in Spanish diez
To pronounce this letter, the tip of your tongue
touches the back of your front teeth
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73
These are the letters weve just seen
d t
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75
Look at these sequences
made from the letters and signs weve just seen
d d d t t t
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Notice the similarity in how these letters look?
bbb ppp t t t
The only difference in how they look is
the number of dots
The letters below look similar whenjoined, but different when not joined!
nnnr jjjr t t t r
n j t
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These letters behave similarly, in that they dontjoin the next one
d d d d d d
= + +rrr r r r
= + +
zzz z z z
= + +
= + +
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78
Here are some Sindhi words with the new letters weve just seen
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79
And heres how you pronounce them, and what they mean
t dl d r tr
mind heart door sesame seed
bd k md d st t p
duck help seven fever
msd sxt xt m pt l
mosque hard finished brass
mxt lf d ft r d mn rd n
different office enemy neck
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This letter has a sound similar to
t in ash tray
To pronounce this letter, the tip of your tongue
curls right back and touches the roof of your mouth
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This letter has a sound similar to
d in rushed
To pronounce this letter, the tip of your tongue
curls right back and touches the roof of your mouth
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82
These are the letters weve just seen
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83
This is how the signs for , and are written on these letters
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84
Look at these sequences
made from the letters and signs weve just seen
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85
Can you see how similar these groups of letters are,
in pronunciation andshape?
d d d t t t
They are similar in terms of behaviour, too
behaves exactly like t
And behaves exactly like d
Weve already seen the behaviour of and on pages 76 and 77
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Can you read this sequence?
You should have read
plblnljlt ll
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Here are some Sindhi words with the new letters weve just seen
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89
Remember this letter?
k
The letter below is pronounced just like the one above,
except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air
kh
It has a sound similar to
ck-h in brick-house
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90
Remember this letter?
The letter below is pronounced just like the one above,
except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puffof air
It has a sound similar toggh in egghead
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92
Remember this letter?
b
The letter below is pronounced just like the one above,
except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air
b
It has a sound similar to
bh in clubhouse
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93
Remember this letter?
The letter below is pronounced just like the one above,
except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air
It has a sound similar to
ch-h in church-house
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94
Remember this letter?
The letter below is pronounced just like the one above,
except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air
It has a sound similar todgeh in badgeholder
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95
These are the letters weve seen so far
k
b p
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96
This is how the sign for is written on these letters
k
b p
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97
This is how the sign for is written on these letters
k
b p
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98
This is how the sign for is written on these letters
k
b p
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99
Look at these sequences
made from the letters and signs weve just seen
kkk
bbb ppp
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100
These letters look similar, sound similar, and join similarly
kkk kkk
bbb bbb
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101
These letters, though similar in sound,
donot look similar or join similarly
ppp ppp
In fact, these letters, though different in sound,
look similar and behave similarly
ppp fff
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102
Can you read these Sindhi words?
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103
Here are their pronunciations and meanings
r bk rk
house less hunger keep
r m kljl k
ask for roam, wander opened cot
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104
Some more words with some of the letters just seen
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105
Here are their pronunciations and meanings
t k n l
roof sneeze pluck, break subterfuge
p mr l
tail mosquito touch break free
r
instant put, pour bear
k r k
bend, bow flow some, a little
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106
And even more words with some of these new letters
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Here are their pronunciations and meanings
pl pr pr pr
flower rob turn edge
bt bl sb p
wall error all bloom, grow
brjl brm spl
full honour, reputation successful
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Remember this letter?
t
The letter below is pronounced just like the one above,
except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air
t
It has a sound similar to
th-h in bath-house
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Remember this letter?
d
The letter below is pronounced just like the one above,
except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air
d
It has a sound similar to
dh in adhere
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These are the letters weve just seen
d t
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111
This is how the signs for , and are written on these letters
d t
d t
d t
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112
Look at these sequences
made from the letters and signs weve just seen
d d d t t t
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Can you see how similar these groups of letters are,
in pronunciation andshape?
d d d t t t
d d d t t t
They are similar in terms of behaviour, too
behaves exactly like and
And behaves exactly like and
Weve already seen the behaviour of and on pages 76 and 77,
and the behaviour of and on page 85
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114
Here are some Sindhi words with the new letters weve just seen
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Remember this letter?
The letter below is pronounced just like the one above,
except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air
It has a sound similar to
th in penthouse
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Remember this letter?
The letter below is pronounced just like the one above,
except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air
It has a sound similar to
dh in madhouse
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118
These are the letters weve just seen
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119
This is how the signs for , and are written on these letters
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120
Look at these sequences
made from the letters and signs weve just seen
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One more addition to the ever-growing list of letters
with similar shape and pronunciation!
d d d t t t
d d d t t t
Weve already been through the behaviour of some of these letters on
pages 76, 77, 85 and 113
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Can you read this sequence?
You should have read
plblnljlt llt ll
Be careful of the last four they sound and look very similar!
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Here are some Sindhi words with the new letters weve just seen
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And heres how you pronounce them, and what they mean
m p s l
fist back sixty stick
r k
sheep take out thug take
kjl st
covered, closed sixty-seven
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This letter has a sound similar to
ng in sing
It is not pronounced like the
ng in finger
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This letter has a sound similar to
ni in onion
gne in French montagne
in Spanish Espaa
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This letter has a sound similar to
n in wander
To pronounce this letter, the tip of your tongue
curls right back and touches the roof of your mouth
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These are the letters weve just seen
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This is how the signs for , and are written on these letters
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These letters look similar and join similarly
kkk kkk
Do you notice any similarity in sound?
All these letters are articulated at the same area of the mouth,
that is, at the back of the roof of the mouth.
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These letters, too, look similar and join similarly
Do you notice any similarity in sound?
All these letters are articulated at the same area of the mouth,
that is, at the middle part of the roof of the mouth.
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These letters look similar and join similarly
nnn
In fact, both these letters look and behave exactly the same,
the only difference being the dot on top of
and the on top of
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These letters dont all sound similar, but they do look and join similarly
t t t t t t
bbb bbb
jjj ppp
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These letters dont all look similar, but they sound similar
All these letters are articulated at the same area of the mouth,
that is, with the tongue curled back and touching the roof of the mouth.
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Some more similar-sounding letters, which weve already seen
t t t t t t
d d d d d d
nnn
All these letters are articulated at the same area of the mouth,
that is, with the tongue touching the front teeth.
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And even more similar-sounding letters, which weve already seen
ppp ppp
bbb bbb
mmm
All these letters are articulated at the same area of the mouth,
that is, with the lips touching each other.
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138
Here are some Sindhi words with the new letters weve just seen
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And some more
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And here are their meanings and pronunciations. How did you fare?
m m l l
fiance,
betrothed
Mung bean
(Phaseolus mungo)limb lameness
mr d s s
fire stout, bulky matrimony animal horn
p r m
virtue to paint, colour to ask, beg
m m r
marrow
Munja grass
(Saccharum munja)
mirage marriage feast
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m p m mt
to agree, heed to card (cotton)
the Madder plant
(Rubia)vow
kr b b
to do to roast to break to go
tj br b mr
to be to fill to survive to die
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The letter n sometimes changes its pronunciation,
depending on what letter comes after it.
Have a look at these words and their pronunciations
r
leg colour
hang jungle
More to come
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pt
sift, dust scholar
moon pond
bn d n d
closed life
kmn d n d
sugarcane place
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Lets look at it in a little more detail.
In these words, the pronunciation of n is like
r
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In these words, the pronunciation of n is like
pt
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In these words, the pronunciation of nis dentaln ,
that is, the tongue touches the back of the front teeth
bn d n d
kmn d n d
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We can see a pattern over here.
If n does nothave a vowel sign,
and occurs before the following consonants
then its pronunciation
is
k k
d d t t
n
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Great.
Now, an obvious question.
What if a word starts with a vowel?
How do we write it then?
Theres a slightly different (but simple) way of doing this
by using this stick-like letter.
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If a word starts with a vowel, we use the stick-like letter as a vowel holder,
and simply write the appropriate vowel sign above or below it
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And here are some examples of words that use the vowel holder letter
kr d k
letter of alphabet eight half eye
kl d rk rt
knowledge coming and going ginger meaning
nn sm n d d n d t r
engine noun disorder seventy-eight
b
fifty-nine thirst sky camel
br t l
to rise to get up to throw to wipe
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Speaking of vowels, here are some more
a
This sign has a sound similar toa in father
This sign is written aftera letter
This letter looks and behaves exactly like
our vowel-holder letter
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i
This sign has a sound similar to
ee in bee
This sign is written aftera letter
This sign looks and behaves exactly like
j
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u
This sign has a sound similar to
oo in tool
This sign is written aftera letter
This sign looks and behaves exactly like
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e
This sign has a sound similar to
in French fiance
This sign is written aftera letter
This sign looks and behaves exactly like
j
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o
This sign has a sound similar to
o in Italian Roma
This sign is written aftera letter
This sign looks and behaves exactly like
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156
This is how the signs for a, i, u, e and o are written
after a letter that joins the next one
ki ka
ke ku
ko
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This is how the signs for a, i, u, e and o are written
after a letter that joins the next one
ri ra
re ru
ro
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Notice the similarity in these letter combinations
ke ki
ko ku
re ri
ro ru
Be careful!
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Technically, there could be confusion, like so
ki kj
ku k
ri rj
ru r
The good news is, the combinations on the right occur very rarely
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Here are some Sindhi words with the new letters weve just seen
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And some more
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How many correct?
jad
remembrance
a
what
d astain
xd a
god er
pile, lump ogoodopi
cap foo
photograph
a
brinjal, eggplant
xrab
bad io
glass azship rib
poor at i
elephant
esixty-three pato tear
sn d i
Sindhi
(people, language)
d n d o
business bii
okra,
ladys fingers
krai
Karachi,
capital of Sindh
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mao
tomato
mino
monthpaple
pomfret
pensl
pencil rsilo
juicy
lujl
salty ban d r
monkey
t elo
bag t klif
trouble,
inconvenience
nt io
result napsn d
disliked
d razo
door
sa
to recognise bejo
sisters
husband
bn d obst
preparation,arrangement
bt rin
best ur
grape
abei
competition st ad
teacher
t ar
advertisement
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Our friend l decides to change colours
when
a comes after him
la a l
=
+
Have a go
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This was easy
t la
search
laar
helpless
slam
greetings,
salutations
nilam
auction lazm
proper
xlaf
against
klak
hour
lami
servility blade
Bangladesh
las
sitting,
meeting
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At the beginning of a word, these vowels are written like this,
using our vowel-holder letter
u i
o e
Wait. What about a ?
Wait for it
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a
In other words
+=
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And some Sindhi words beginning with the new letters wevejust seen
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You should have got all of these right!
azad i
freedom
aram
rest
ir
god
iran
Iran
uasi
seventy-nine
uo
high, tall eket ali
forty-one
et ro
this many,
this much
oto
suddenly
ozar
tool
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A couple of tongue twister letters now
This letter has a sound similar to
tt in the American pronunciation ofbetter
dd in the American pronunciation ofladder
r in Spanishpero
but with the tongue curled further back
and flapping against the roof of the mouth
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The letter below is pronounced just like the one on the previous page,
except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air
It has a sound similar to
t h in the American pronunciation ofGet him!
but with the tongue curled further backand flapping against the roof of the mouth
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q
A sound similar to the sound of this letter does not exist in English
It sounds like k, but is pronounced further back in the throat,
producing a gulping sound
In colloquial Sindhi, this letter is pronounced the same as
k
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These are the letters weve just seen
q, k
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This is how the signs for , and are written on these letters
q, k
q, k
q, k
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Look at these sequences
made from the letters and signs weve just seen
qqq, kkk
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This is how these letters look when combined with all the vowels
weve seen so far
o e u i a
o e u i a
qo qe qu q qi q qa qko ke ku k ki k ka k
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These letters look similar, and join similarly
rrr
qqq, kkk fff
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178
Can you read these Sindhi words containing the letters weve just seen?
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Here are their pronunciations and meanings
rqm
rkm
amount
pp
lungqt
kt
time oto break
(something) baqi
baki
rest, remaining
ko
walnut
jqin
jkin
belief,
confidence
saisari
qanun
kanun
law pto read, learn
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And even more vowels
This sign has a sound similar toai in fairThis sign is written aftera letter
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This sign has a sound similar to
a in ball
This sign is written aftera letter
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This is how the signs for and are written
k k
r r
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Notice the similarity in these letter combinations
k ke ki
k ko ku
r re ri
r ro ru
Be careful!
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At the beginning of a word, these vowels are written like this,
using our vowel-holder letter
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185
Here are some Sindhi words with the new letters weve just seen
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And their pronunciations and meanings
ko
difficult
thing farmy
srride, tour
nkri
work, occupation
qd i
kd i
prisoner
rni
light, illumination
bk
sitting,
meeting
mud
existing, present
md an
ground
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The vowels above are called short vowels, as their length while speaking
is comparatively less
u i a
e
o
The vowels above are called long vowels, as their length while speaking
is comparatively more
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Homophones are different letters that have the same sound.
Sindhi too has homophonic letters
s
Both these letters have the same sound
Their sound is similar to
s in sit
That is, their pronunciation is the same as
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189
Look at these sequences
Made from the letters and signs weve just seen
sss
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This is how these letters look when combined with all the vowels
weve seen so far
su s si s sa s
s so s se
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Ouch!
You should have read
plslblnljlt llt ll
Did you?!
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Here are some Sindhi words with the new letters weve just seen
sdr
president
ksr
oftenxas
special
sr
Taurus
sab
soap
ksrt
physical
exercise
fslo
decision
msal
example mxsus
particular
sabt
proven,
established
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Some more homophonic letters
z
All these letters have the same sound
Their sound is similar to
z in zebra
That is, their pronunciation is the same as
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Look at these sequences
Made from the letters and signs weve just seen
zzz
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This is how these letters look when combined with all the vowels
weve seen so far
zu z zi z za z
s so s ze
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Have fun!
You should have read
dlzlld ll
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Similar looking and behaving (but not homophonic!) letters
sss
zzz
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Here are some Sindhi words with the new letters weve just seen
mriz
a patient,
zat
caste, ethnicity
lfazwords
lzt taste
n t zam
arrangement
kaz
Paper
zlm
oppression
zafo
increase mnzur
approvedzrur
definitely
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And even more homophonic letters
t
This letter has a sound similar to
t in Spanish toro
To pronounce this letter, the tip of your tongue
touches the back of your front teeth
That is, its pronunciation is the same as
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This letter has a sound similar to
h in hat
That is, its pronunciation is the same as
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These are the letters weve just seen
t
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Look at these sequences
Made from the letters and signs weve just seen
t t t
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This is how these letters look when combined with all the vowels
weve seen so far
u i a
tu t t i t t a t
o e
t t o t te
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One dot can make all the difference.
But you probably know that by now!
x
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Similar looking and behaving (but not homophonic!) letters
zzz
t t t
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These Sindhi words contain all the homophonic letters weve seen so far
t aqt
t akt
strength ad soaccident
lt i
mistake d rabad Hyderabad, a
city in Sindh 1
mtan
examination
fazt
protection
xt rnak
dangerous bs
debate
st la
terminology trmanner, type
1The common place name suffix abad is always spelt with ,
even though it occurs in the middle of a word
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When two vowels appear one after the otherwithin a word,
the second vowel is written in a special way
Notusing our usual stick-like vowel-holder letter
but by using this special vowel-holder letter
The vowels are then attached to this letter in the usual way.
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Here are some Sindhi words with consecutive vowels in them
azma
to test
mmbi
Mumbai
(Bombay) ab
disappeared
la
to burn
(something)
aino
mirror saiklbicycle pau
fertile,
productive maisweetmeat
sao
green
aet ali
forty-six nt
humility,
obeisance
n
to take away
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And some more
norio
squirrel pito drink 1a
ua
gambling
to become
sur
pig sineedle d o
to wash
ko
mouse et ali
forty-four 2mslo
problem
1Both spellings (and pronunciations) are prevalent
2pronounced mslo, not mslo as the spelling would suggest
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One exception to our new vowel-holder letter
If a word
ends in two consecutive vowels, and the second vowel is a short vowel (see page 187 if you forgot!),
then our new vowel-holder letter changes shape slightly.
It is notwritten like this
but like this
Lets have a look at some examples to make this clearer.
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1
ushe (there) 1
ishe (here) a
yes
1 ba
brother
polater,
afterwards 1 d idaughter
1 ula
July 1 mapi
parents
(lit. mother-
father)
2
srautumn,
fall bd bufoul smell,
stink 1the vowels at the end of these words are pronounced fully, not lightly as is the case otherwise
2pronounced sr, not sr as the spelling would suggest
Clearer?
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A few letters still remain!
This letter has a sound similar to
g g in big gang
It sounds like a stressed version of this letter
g
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This letter has a sound similar to
dge J in Ridge James
It sounds like a stressed version of this letter
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This letter has a sound similar to
d d in god damn!
It sounds like a stressed version of this letter
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This letter has a sound similar to
b b in job benefits
It sounds like a stressed version of this letter
b
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Camouflage at at its very best
k k
z d d t t b b p
n j s
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These shouldnt be too tough
ofight, brawl
lonext
a
to know
ala
to speak
bai
vegetables,
curry klnowadays
to sink,
drown to fear, be
afraid
ao
grandfather
ao
very, many
ara
family,
children kbeone another,
each other
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This sign doubles a letter
It shows that the letter is pronounced with more stress
This sign is written above a letter
Remember that the signs for and are also written above a letter?
This doubler sign is always written belowthe signs for and , like so
ssi
eightly nn
wool
sso
part, share
kk
rights
mbbt love pkkoripe, firm
mqd d mo
mkd d mo
case, litigation mrmmt repair
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Remember this letter?
n
This letter has another use,
namely, to show that the vowel that comes immediately before it
is spoken through the nose
This function is called nasalisation
In the pronunciation key, this function is denoted by a over the vowel
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Have a look at how vowels are written with our nasalisation letter
b b b b b b
b b b b
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Notice the two different uses
of the letter
One is pronounced n,
and the other by nasalising the vowel before it
un n in n an n
n on n en
Unfortunately, theres no way to tell from the writing
when is it pronounced how
You just gotta know
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Try saying these aloud to notice the difference
b
mango m
I
ki
how s we ppus
kcrow
u
cow m face, mouth r
now
no
new
b
beak a tea
in that manner
e
in this manner
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And these as well
t a
up to, until
to hang sa o
our, ours m omy, mine
day
lion
m
water buffalo bsri flute d
smoke qi
ki scissors
oa
over there ea over here
eka
if jlqmu jlkmu United Nations
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One last letter
This letter has no sound by itself
that is, it is silent
However, it sometimes (not always!) changes the pronunciation of vowels
before and after it
It is difficult to predict howand whetherit will change the pronunciation
of vowels in a given word
Therefore, you need to individually learn
the pronunciation of words in which this letter occurs
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Look at the sequence weve created from this letter
Note, however, that the pronunciation of this sequence
is purely theoretical, or ideal
Also note that this letter looks and joins exactly like
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This is how this letter looks when combined with all the vowels
weve seen so far
u i a
o e
Again, the pronunciations given here are only theoretical
The actual pronunciation, like weve said earlier,
may vary from word to word
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Here are some Sindhi words in which this letter occurs
and whose pronunciation is fairly phonetic,
that is, predictable from the spelling
t la
notification amcommon mamlo
affair, matter abunusual d a
blessings rubegun rbi
spring harvest rat beginning maf
forgiven nk
spectacles aqo
ako
event rt woman
d afarewell, adieu
qad o
kad olaw
ar
poet ad opromise
Not too bad?
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And here are some words whose pronunciation is seemingly unphonetic
(although if you look closely, you might find certain patterns)
er
poemt allqt allk
connection,
relation
brqo
brko
burqa, veil oloflame
d at
invitation lant curse qllo
kllo
fort naroslogan, cry
d fo
time, turn,
occasion mal
fire torch kabo
The Kaaba
at Mecca malumknown
bdmascoundrel janinamely
t arif
praise zajawasted
So be on the lookout for this rogue letter
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Some special letter forms
a
This letter has a sound similar toa in fatherHere are some words which use this special letter form
saba mea
madam always
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If the second-last letter of the word is a letter
that does not join the next one,
is then written like this
a
as seen in this word
ra
et cetera
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This letter form appears at the end of some short words
It has no sound by itself
Here are some common words that use this letter form
n t b
two no, not that, which also
All these letter forms
are considered to be variant forms of the letter
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While writing in English, you could replace the word and
with the sign &
Sindhi has a similar system
The Sindhi word for and is
~
But it is almost never written this way
Instead, it is normally written
Its like saying the use of the sign & is compulsory, not optional
Note: The tilde ~ between the two pronunciation keys means thattheactual pronunciation may vary
between these two extremes
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Similarly, the Sindhi word for in is
m
But it is almost never written this wayInstead, it is normally written
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One last abbreviation
This sign is added to the end of some words
It is pronounced
n
It behaves exactly like our stick-like vowel-holder letter
Lets have a look at a few examples
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t tfaqn
t t fakncoincindentally
t qribn
t kribnalmost
t fsiln
in detail mslnfor example st n
on an average
mamuln
normally
qiqt nkikt n
actually, in reality n d aznapproximately
Not that tough!
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Lets end with numerals and punctuation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Unlike letters, numerals are written from left to right!
These are the various punctuation marks used in Sindhi
! : .% ! ? , . : ; , .
percent
sign
exclamation
mark
question
mark
thousands
separator
decimal
separator
colon semi
colon
comma full
stop
Try your hand at these (note the location of the percentage sign)
3,7370.611
1.2%
54,789.01
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Here is a well-known piece of writing, in its Sindhi version
.
.
hrnsanazad pd a t jo ae qq smman * ela u
brabr o qd arae. nke t rk et nai t akt
mli ae n ke ke e la baiare e banas
kmkrre .
This is Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
* Phonetically, this world should be pronounced [snman], but due to the assimilation or blending of
the sound /n/ with the similar sounding /m/, the word as a whole is pronounced /smman /
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This is the Sindhi alphabet, along with the Sindhi names of the letters
se e e t e t e be e be lf
xe i e e e e e e im pe
e e re zal e e e d e d al
n n zoj toj zad sad in sin ze
e e e af ke kaf qaf pe fe
contd/-
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je mzo ni e aw u nun mim lam
And these are the vowel and other signs, and their Sindhi names
t nin t d id pe zer zbr md d
Very often, in written Sindhi, youll find the vowel and other signs
being omitted.
The reader is expected to add these signs mentally where required.
However, as your knowledge of Sindhi vocabulary and grammar increases,
youll notice that this lack of signswont seem to pose a problem.
In fact, its actually a less messy way of writing, as the vowel and other signs
contribute to a lot of clutter around the letters.
Good luck!
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End