Slide 1

SINGEING PROCESSPRESENTED BY: BHAWANA MOHTAMANUJ SHUKLANUTI MEHTADHRUVA VAGHELAPRESENTED TO:

PROF PRANAV VORA 1

TEXTILE PROCESSINGYarn formation(fiber production,spinning)

Fabric formation(weaving, knitting)

Wet processing(dyeing, printing,finishing) andfabrication (garment)23Singeing Process

Singeing is a process that uses gas flame or hot plate in order to get rid of small fibers protruding (hairs) on the fabrics (these fibers normally come from spun yarns).

31. To get rid of the small fibers

2. To make the fabrics smoother than before

3. To help the printing ink or dyestuff to make clearer marks on the fabrics

4. To improve rubbing fastness and washing fastness of the dyed or printed fabrics

Objectives:4

A distinction is made between direct and indirect processes:

Direct

Indirect5DIRECT SINGEING

Most common oneis: Perpendicular flameTangential flame1.5 - 4 mmFabric speed can range from 50 to 200 meters per minute With this treatment fuzz and fiber ends are burnt off in order highlight the fabric weave.6

Singeing unit (Ksters)The singeing machine is preferably used for cordDIRECT SINGEING7

Dornier singeing machine,type EcoSingeSingeing machine for tubular knit goodsDIRECT SINGEING8INDIRECT SINGEING

9Types of singeing machines

There are three main types of singeing machines:

1. Plate singeing machine

2. Rotary-cylinder singeing machine

3. Gas singeing machine

10 1. Plate-Singeing m/c

The main partsof plate singeing m/c :- i) Two copper plate & ii) Fire clay.

Copper plates are set up on the fire clay which is heatedwith farness (gas and oil or oil jet).

Atfirstthefabricopeningwithguiderollerispassedovertheplatewithdrawnroller.Whentheplatewasredheatedwithfarness,copperplatesdrawnwithdrawrollerwhich speed 135-225m/min. Projectingfibresisburntcontactwithheatedplate. Inthisprocess,onesideoffabricissinged. Advantages:

Verysuitableforbackfilterinfinishingprocess.Acertainamountoflustureisproduceduetofrictionbetweenthefabric&hotsurfaceofcurved plate. Improvedlusture. Uniformsingeing. Moreeffectiveincaseofvalvet&pilefabric.

Disadvantage:

Verydifficulttomaintaintheproperheatcontroloftheplate. Onlyonesideofthefabricissinged. Discontinuousprocesssomoretimetaken. Morelabourcost Notuniformsingeinginstitchportion. Strengthdecrease.

112. Roller singeing m/c

This is more improved process than platesingeing m/c process. In this process, the fabric issinged one side also by heatbut not red heat. If the fabric is singed by redheated roller, the heating not even for this the resultis not good.

Advantage:

Thesurfacetempofcylinderismoreuniformthanplatesingeingm/c.Thismethodisverysuitableforvelvet&pilefabrics.Uniformsingeing. Lusterincrease.

Disadvantage:

Onlyonesideofthefabricissinged.Duetooveruse,smalltinnygroovecreatedonthecylinder.Localcoolingmayariseoncylinderduetocontactbetweencoldfabric&cylindersurface.

123. Gas or flame singeing m/c

This is the most commonly used processfor woven fabric. The burners are usually supplied with a suitable mixture of gas and air. Source of gas are-Coal-Petrol-Natural gas.

Thism/cmaybesingleordoubleburner.Indoubleburner,fabricissingedthebothside.Atfirstfabricisdrawnontotheguiderollerthenbrushingisdoneonbothsideoffabrics such that,flying and projecting fiber standssufficiently.Thenfabricispassedovertheburner.Theburnershouldbeadjustedwiththewidthofthe fabric. Height of the flame depends upon the fineness orcoarseness and speed of the fabric.Aftersingeingthefabricisimmersedinthewaterordesizingtanktopreparenextprocess.Fabricspeedinthism/c,generally,150-250m/min.Themachinemaybehorizontalorvertical.

Advantages:

1.Uniformtemperatureensuretopropersingeing.2.Bothsideofthefabriccanbesinged.3.Astheprocessiscontinuous,thereisnohamperinproduction.4.Aftersingeing,fabricarecleanedinwater/desizingtank,henceallsparksareeasily removed.5.Standardprocess.6.Idealsingeing.7.Thefabricininter-stitchesofwarpandweftaresinged.13Disadvantages:

1.Dirtyburner canproducespotonthefabric.

2.Theprocessisnotsuitableforsyntheticfabric.

3.Duetoinconsistentoffabricspeed,itmaybeburnt.Gas singeing is preferable than plate& roller singeing:

Bothsideoffabricissingedingassingeingm/c.

Uniformtempcanbecontrolledthanrollerandplatem/c.

Ingassingeing,brushisusedwhichstandsthelyingprojectingthefibersbutnotinplate and roller singeing.

Platesnotdecayongasbutdecayinplateandrollersingeing.

Aftersingeingthefabricisdippedinthewatertankhenceallsparksareextinguished.

Thefabricininter stitchesofwarpandweftcanbesingedbut,notinplateandroller.14Compare Plate, Roller & Gas singeing m/c:PlateSingeingm/cRollersingeingGassingeing1.Onesideoffabricissinged.1.Onesideoffabricissinged.1.Bothsideoffabricis singed.

2.Uniformtempcannotbemaintained.2.Uniformtempcannotbemaintained.2.Uniform temp can be maintained.3. Extra lusture produce, due to friction between fabric &surface.3. Extra lusture produce, dueto friction between fabric & surface.3. No extra lusture is produced.4. Notsuitable for dyeing& printing.4. Notsuitable for dyeing& printing.4. Verysuitable fordyeing & printing.5.Brushisnotusedforpropersingeing.5.Brushisnotusedforpropersingeing.5.Brush is used for proper singeing.6.Platemaydecayduetofriction.6.Platemaydecayduetofriction.6.Nodecay.Compare Plate, Roller & Gas singeing m/c:PlateSingeingm/cRollersingeingGassingeing1.Onesideoffabricissinged.1.Onesideoffabricissinged.1.Bothsideoffabricis singed.

2.Uniformtempcannotbemaintained.2.Uniformtempcannotbemaintained.2.Uniform temp can be maintained.3. Extra lusture produce, due to friction between fabric &surface.3. Extra lusture produce, dueto friction between fabric & surface.3. No extra lusture is produced.4. Notsuitable for dyeing& printing.4. Notsuitable for dyeing& printing.4. Verysuitable fordyeing & printing.5.Brushisnotusedforpropersingeing.5.Brushisnotusedforpropersingeing.5.Brush is used for proper singeing.6.Platemaydecayduetofriction.6.Platemaydecayduetofriction.6.Nodecay.Compare Plate, Roller & Gas singeing m/c:PlateSingeingm/cRollersingeingGassingeing1.Onesideoffabricissinged.1.Onesideoffabricissinged.1.Bothsideoffabricis singed.

2.Uniformtempcannotbemaintained.2.Uniformtempcannotbemaintained.2.Uniform temp can be maintained.3. Extra lusture produce, due to friction between fabric &surface.3. Extra lusture produce, dueto friction between fabric & surface.3. No extra lusture is produced.4. Notsuitable for dyeing& printing.4. Notsuitable for dyeing& printing.4. Verysuitable fordyeing & printing.5.Brushisnotusedforpropersingeing.5.Brushisnotusedforpropersingeing.5.Brush is used for proper singeing.6.Platemaydecayduetofriction.6.Platemaydecayduetofriction.6.Nodecay.Compare Plate, Roller & Gas singeing m/c:PlateSingeingm/cRollersingeingGassingeing1.Onesideoffabricissinged.1.Onesideoffabricissinged.1.Bothsideoffabricis singed.

2.Uniformtempcannotbemaintained.2.Uniformtempcannotbemaintained.2.Uniform temp can be maintained.3. Extra lusture produce, due to friction between fabric &surface.3. Extra lusture produce, dueto friction between fabric & surface.3. No extra lusture is produced.4. Notsuitable for dyeing& printing.4. Notsuitable for dyeing& printing.4. Verysuitable fordyeing & printing.5.Brushisnotusedforpropersingeing.5.Brushisnotusedforpropersingeing.5.Brush is used for proper singeing.6.Platemaydecayduetofriction.6.Platemaydecayduetofriction.6.Nodecay.15Incomplete Singeing

Too low flame intensity Too fast fabric speed Too far distance between the fabric and the burner Inappropriate (i.e. less severe) singeing position Too much moisture in the fabric incoming for singeing.

If the fabric incoming for singeing has too much moisture in it, a significant amount of thermal energy will be used up in evaporating the fabric moisture rather than burning the protruding fibres, resulting in incomplete singeing.

B. Uneven Singeing Across the Fabric Width

Non-uniform moisture content across the fabric width Non-uniform flame intensity (uneven flame height) across the fabric width Uneven distance between the burner and the fabric. This may be due to misalignment or improper setting of the guide rollers Uneven smoke evacuation over the burnersCommon Problem in Gas Singeing and their causes16C. Uneven Singeing Along the Fabric Length

Non-uniform moisture content along the fabric length Non-uniform flame intensity along the fabric length Change in fabric speed during singeing Change in the distance between the fabric and the burner along the length

D. Horizontal Singeing Stripes

Rollers with an un-centered rolling action Sudden fabric tension increase

E. Vertical Singeing Stripes

Total or partial blockage of flame outletCommon Problem in Gas Singeing and their causes17F. Over-singeing or Thermal Damage of the Fabric

Too high flame intensity Too slow fabric speed or too long contact time between fabric and flame Too close distance between the fabric and the burner or too deep penetration of the singeing flame into the fabric Inappropriate singeing position

G. Formation of Small Beads of Molten Material

Insufficient energy supply, when the thermal energy is not supplied quickly enough to be able to ignite the thermoplastic fiber rather than melting it.Common Problem in Gas Singeing and their causes18THANK YOU!!!19