SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture Technological change and
institutional implications Dag Standal SINTEF Fisheries and
aquaculture
Slide 2
SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture The Norwegian model 1990-91:
Rejected the introduction of a ITQ model 1991- : IVQ model -
:Strong emphasis on: diverse ownership of quotas and vessels (rural
policy) maintain a diverse fleet structure via the allocation
policy (the trawl ladder) IVQ model: integrates vessels and quotas
in one system (market) Input regulations (technology) and output
(biology) are integrated. Main challenge in terms of capacity:
balancing input and output regulations Cut down unprofitable
overcapacity !
Slide 3
SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture Table 1 Number of vessels
above 28 meters and % change, 1988 and 2003. Length
group(m)19882003 % 28 - 39,923293-60 40 - 49,9125107-14 50 -
59,97474 0 60 - 4388 +105 Total :474362- 24 Reduction in number of
vessels Structural changes
Slide 4
SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture Table 2 Technical parameters
for arctic trawlers built in 1988 2002 (cod/shrimp trawler).
Building year:19882002 1988-2002 Lenght (m):61.5064.00 1.04 Breadth
(m): 12.8016.60 1.30 Prod. cap (tons):2035 1.75 GRT:19052574 1.35
HP:33428046 2.41 Number of trawls1 3 2.00 Catch
(tons)1000-15003000-4000 2-3 Trawl doors (tons): 4.57.0 1.56 Crew
(number.):1414 1.00 Electronics:echo sounderecho sounder Catch
sensorcatch sensor trawl sensor GPS
Slide 5
SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture Table 3 Development in size
for different gears, 1988 - 2003. Gear-GearGear dimension
dimensionfactor (R) Gear 198820031998-2003 Shrimptrawl : 1682943.00
Cod trawl: 601202.00 Blue whiting trawl: 120024004.00 Purse seine:
105 280180 000 1.71 Long line: 20 000 35 0001.75 Source: Norwegian
gear producers and fishermen, 2004.
Slide 6
SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture Tabell 4 Formula, estimating
technical development
Slide 7
SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture Tabell 5 Technical capacity
development entire fleet above 28 meters, 1988 og 2003. Number
vessels Capacity factor (K)Group capacityCapacity change Rel.
change Length group19882003 change %1988200319882003Net ch. Change.
% Loa = 28 - 39,9m23293-60 %0.931.86215173-43-20 %-6 % Loa = 40 -
49,9m125107-14 %1,963,042453258033 %10 % Loa = 50 - 59,9m74 0
%3,805,112813789734 %12 % Loa 60 m4388105 %5.439.82233864631270 %84
% Sum Ocean fleet474362-24 % 1034186583282 %100 %
Slide 8
SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture Capacity calculations for the
Norwegian Ocean going Fleet, 1988 and 2003
Slide 9
SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture Institutional boundaries and
technological adaptations, Norway. Unregulated species in Norwegian
fisheries, 2004 (tons): Blue whiting: 852 000Total Nowegian catch:
2 549 000 tons. Blue whiting: 852 000Total Nowegian catch: 2 549
000 tons. Shrimp: 60 000 Shrimp: 60 000 Tusk/ling: 27 000
Tusk/ling: 27 000 Horse mackerel: 10 000 Horse mackerel: 10 000
Other: 30 000 Other: 30 000 Total (unreg.): 979 000= 38. 40 % of
total ctach. Total (unreg.): 979 000= 38. 40 % of total ctach.
Source, Fisheries Directorate, 2006. Source, Fisheries Directorate,
2006. Technology does not follow the institutional boundaries
Technology does not follow the institutional boundaries Combination
of closed and restricted open access fisheries Combination of
closed and restricted open access fisheries Capacity expanding
adaptations ! Capacity expanding adaptations !
Slide 10
SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture Table 6 Norwegian catches blue
whiting, 1988 and 2003.
Slide 11
SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture Tabell 7 Norwegian catches
shrimp, 1988 and 2003.
Slide 12
SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture Capacity feedback systems TAC
Cod, herring, mackerel, etc. Allocation policy (output) Structure
policy (markets) Capacity (input) Capacity feedback Restricted open
access / combined fisheries Institutional boundaries Stock
(border)
Slide 13
SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture The Unit Quota System,
1984-2006. Year :No. of quotas DurationNo. of pr.
vessel(years)quota-markets 1984-1997:213 3 1997-2003:318 3 2004
-2005:3eternal 1 2005- :320/25 1
Slide 14
SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture Developent, number of vessels
and average quotafactors, cod trawlers, 1991-2006.
Slide 15
SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture Distribution of quota factors,
cod trawlers, 2006.
Slide 16
SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture Future challenges-
technological development? Stagnated technology (path dependency
and a predictable pattern) No paradigmatic innovations sice the 70s
(excpept for electronics, GPS etc.). Heavy fuel consumption, strong
increase in fuel costs Deep sea fleet towards a critical mass in
regard to innovations? No. Of vessels, 20082015 Cod / shrimp
trawlers: 50decline Herring/mackerel/blu whiting: 47decline Long
lining: 25decline Loosing out of the national innovation system?
The deep sea fleet as future market for todays manufacturers of
equipment ? Further pressure on todays structural policy or a
change towards ITQ.