Sips and Bites:

The Perils of Eating and Drinking!

1. Identify the theme of the visual given on the cover of your booklet. Choose two visual techniques that Glasbergen uses to reveal this theme. Support your response with reference to the text.

POETRY – IMPORTANT TERMS

Poetry – a term applied to the many forms in which human beings have given rhythmic expression to their most imaginative and intense perceptions

The following list of definitions will be useful in our discussions of poetry this year:

Cacophony – a harsh, disagreeable sound

Euphony – the opposite of cacophony, pleasantness or smoothness of a sound; assonance; assimilation of the sounds of syllables to facilitate pronunciation and to please the ear

Figurative Language – intentional departure from normal order, construction, or meaning of words in order to gain strength and freshness of expression, to create a pictorial effect, to describe by analogy, or to discover and illustrate similarities in otherwise dissimilar things.

1. Antithesis – characterized by strongly contrasting words; balancing of one term against another

2. Allusion – a passing or indirect reference; in literature, an author will often make an allusion to a famous book such as the Bible, or a famous work of art

3. Apostrophe – someone (usually absent), or some abstract quality, or a nonexistent being is directly addressed as though present (Lady Luck, smile on me.)

4. Hyperbole – conscious exaggeration, to heighten effect, or produce comic effect (This dog, with teeth the size of axe blades, started chewing at the seat of my pants.)

5. Irony – the recognition of a reality different from appearance6. Metaphor – a direct comparison of two unlike things i.e. the moon was a ghostly

galleon.7. Simile – a comparison of two unlike things using “like” or “as” i.e. the water curled

like snakes.8. Oxymoron (Gk. Oxus, sharp and moros, dull) – a figure of speech in which two words or

phrases of opposite meaning are set together for emphasis or effect, i.e. falsely true9. Personification – giving inanimate objects human characteristics i.e. the leaves

danced in the gentle wind.10. Metonymy – the substitution of a term naming an object closely associated with the

word in mind for the word itself (i.e. the skirt, the badge)

Imagery – using words which appeal to one of the five senses i.e. The path through the forest was a lush green velvet color.

Lyrics – words of a song

Onomatopoeia – the use of words that by their sound suggest their meaning i.e. meow, crunch

Poetic License – the poet’s privilege of departing from normal order

Repetition – repeating a word or phrase for emphasis

SOUND TERMINOLOGYAlliteration – the use of words beginning with the same consonants or any vowel

sounds in successive or closely associated syllables, especially stressed syllables i.e. “In a summer season, where soft was sun…” OR “Apt alliteration’s artful aid is often an occasional ornament in prose.”

Assonance – similar vowel sounds in stressed syllables that end with different consonant sounds i.e. “Lake” and “fake” demonstrate rhyme. “Lake” and “fate” show assonance.

&Consonance – the use at the end of verses of words in which the final consonants in the

stressed syllables agree but the vowels that precede them differ i.e. “add-read,” “bill-ball,” “born-burn”

Chorus – a refrain repeated after each stanza in a poem or songMelody – sound devices, the main one being rhyme (assonance, onomatopoeia,

alliteration)Meter – board note/explanation to followParallelism – the repeated use of a grammatical pattern in a line or lines of a poemQuatrain - four lines, usually having one of these rhyme schemes – abab, abba, abcbRefrain – a group of words forming a phrase or sentence and consisting of one or more

lines repeated at intervals in a poem, usually at the end of a stanzaRepetend – a poetic device marked by a repetition or partial repetition of a word or

phrase frequently throughout a stanza or poem. Repetend differs from refrain in that the refrain usually appears at predetermined places within the poem, whereas the repetend offers an element of surprise by appearing irregularly.

Rhythm – accents of syllables in the words fall at regular intervals, like the beat of music Rhyme scheme – the pattern of rhyme in the poem (abab cdcd efef gg)Rhyming Couplet – two lines with identical rhymesStanza – a group of lines of poetry having definite pattern; a division of a poem,

separated by white spaceIambic pentameter – a ten syllable line in which for every two syllables, the first is short or unaccented while the second is long or accented; used by Shakespeare

POETRY FORMS

We will cover SOME of these types of poetry this term.

Ballad: a type of lyric poem that is usually sung or recited.

Important Characteristics: (1-3 are the most important!)1. it tells a story2. often written in quatrains (4 line stanzas)3. subject is romance, tragedy, or the supernatural4. there is usually rhyme (such as abab)5. about common people (not royalty)6. can be sung (rhythmic)7. dialogue and dialect often present8. passed down in oral tradition – anonymous author9. figurative language is often present10. circular (end goes back to beginning)11. a chorus or refrain is not uncommon12. jumps right into the story with little background information

Blank Verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter that is commonly used for long poems, whether they are dramatic, philosophic, or narrative.

NOTE— Iambic Pentameter: a ten syllable line in which for every two syllables, the first is short or unaccented while the second is long or accented (used by Shakespeare).

Elegy: a formal poem that is about a poet’s thoughts on death, or another solemn theme. It is often about the death of a particular person, but it may be a general observation or the expression of a solemn mood.

Epic: a long narrative poem that tells a story about characters of high position in adventures. It forms a whole through their relation to a central heroic figure, and through their development of episodes important to the history of a nation or race.

Free Verse: based on irregular rhythmic cadence (sound patterns) instead of using meter. It may or may not have rhyme. If it does, it is used with great freedom.

Lyric Poetry: a brief, subjective poem strongly marked by imagination, melody, and emotion, creating a unified impression. The original lyric poems were sung while the performer played the lyre.

Types of lyric poems:1. hymns2. sonnets3. songs4. ballads5. odes6. elegies7. several French forms (ballade, rondel, rondeau)

Monologue: a speech, either written or oral, that presents only one speaker. It represents what someone would speak aloud in a situation with listeners, although they are alone.

Narrative Poetry: a poem that tells a story or presents a narrative (can be simple or complex, long or short)

Types: 1. Epics2. Ballads3. Metrical Romances

Ode: an elaborated lyric, expressed in dignified, sincere, and imaginative language with an intellectual tone. It has a single purpose and one theme.

Sonnet: 14-line poems written in a special meter called iambic pentameter. There are two major types, which are easily distinguishable by their rhyme schemes.

Types:1. Italian Sonnet – has an octave (8 lines) and a sestet (6 lines)

Rhyme Scheme: abbaabba cdccdc OR abbaabba cdecde

The octave presents a brief narrative, makes a proposition, or raises a problem.

The sestet drives home the brief narrative, applies the proposition, or solves the problem.

2. Shakespearean Sonnet – has three quatrains and a concluding coupletRhyme Scheme: abab cdcd efef gg

The couplet provides a comment on the previous twelve lines.

Villanelle: a fixed nineteen-line form, originally French, employing only two rhymes and repeating two of the lines according to a set pattern. Line1 is repeated as lines 6, 12, and 18; line 3 is repeated as lines 9, 15, and 19. The first and third lines return as a rhymed couplet at the end. The scheme of rhymes is aba aba aba aba abaa. Dylan Thomas’s “Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night” is one of the most famous villanelles.

Poem # 1: An Ode to an Artichoke

Give each group a vegetable or fruit in a paper bag, and ask them to use figurative language to write a description of the produce. The other groups will try to discover its identity.

Read Ode to an Artichoke (text p. 199) Complete questions: 2 a and b; 3; 4. Discuss the quote by Pablo Neruda. What do you think would be the motif of his poetry?

(a motif is a recurring theme, subject, or idea in literature, art, music)

Poem # 2: Peppermint Rock

something you can laugh at now. Read Peppermint Rock p. 186-188 Questions 1, 2, 4.

Group Activity: (Packing for the Future; Instructions p. 213; A Satirical Elegy, 202; Au, 193; The Tyger, 190).

As a group, you will each be assigned a poem. Use the class time provided to answer the following about your assigned poem. While you can work together, each of you will have to have your own copy of answers:

1. What type of poem is your poem? What are the characteristics that fit it into that category?

2. Discuss the rhyme scheme of your poem. Why, do you feel, the author used that type of rhyme scheme? Is it effective?

3. Find three examples of figurative language in your poem and explain them fully, using examples from the poem.

4. Find three examples of sound devices in your poem and explain them fully, using examples from the poem.

5. What is the message of your poem? Giving examples from the poem, explain how the author has developed that message.

6. Create a visual to illustrate your poem. 7. In the class to follow, you will form a different group and teach your classmates about

your poem. Be ready to discuss with and learn from them.

MEDIA LITERACY

General Terms

Media – forms of public communication (such as newspaper, radio, television, information network, poster, or brochure) that is designed to reach large numbers of people.

Media Literacy – evaluating media texts for comparison, message, intended audience, etc.

Advertisement – the promotion of goods or services for sale through impersonal media, such as radio or television; the physical promotion of a product (commercial or magazine)

Agenda – a list or program of things to be done or considered; could also mean the purpose or motive behind a media text

Blog – a website that contains an online personal journal with reflections, comments, and often hyperlinks provided by the author

Brochure – a booklet of printed informational matter, like a pamphlet, often for promotional purposes

Caption – the words beneath a photograph that explain the subject and give background information; help to shape the meaning of the photo, sometimes in misleading ways

Commercial – a public promotion of a product or service

Deconstruction – breaking a text down into its components to see what messages and assumptions it carries

Demographic – a portion of a population, especially considered as consumers

Endorsement - a message issued on behalf of some product, cause, idea, person, or institution; usually involves companies and their products

Format – style, plan or arrangement

Form – smaller division within a genre (Ex: poetry is a genre; haiku, a type of poetry, is a form of the genre)

Headline – the heading, title or caption of a newspaper article; usually very attention-grabbing.

Icon – in media, it can be referred to as an image; in literature, it is known as a description of a person or thing, usually using a figure of speech

Image – an object that usually represents a larger idea

Intent – an aim or purpose

Lead – the introductory section of a news article/story; usually a news story of major importance in a newspaper

Logo – an identifying symbol used to advertise and promote an organization, event, product or service. Usually, such symbols combine pictorial and textual elements in a distinctive manner. When consisting solely of stylized textual elements, such symbols are referred to as logotypes or wordmarks.

Mass media – when media methods are used to communicate to thousands of people at the same time

Media texts – any communication product, including radio and television, movies, billboards, magazine and television advertisements, books, paintings, photographs, collages, posters, comics, and web pages

Medium – a means of mass communication, such as newpapers, magazines, radio, or television

Motive – the underlying purpose behind a text

Poster – a sign usually consisting of a combination of print and visuals; mainly designed to attract and hold the attention of the audience; may convey a message to make people think

Product – any text

Product placement - is a form of advertising previously restricted to the famously whorish mediums of television and film

Propaganda – attempts to sway popular opinion and beliefs through distortions of the truth or outright lies. It is the way of presenting a belief that seeks to generate acceptance without regard to facts or the right of others to be heard. Propaganda often presents the same argument repeatedly, in the simplest terms and ignores all rebuttal or counter-argument. It is essentially self- interested and often associated with authoritarian regimes. Propaganda is often used to convey official descriptions of reality, when it may be allied with bureaucratic control of media, censorship of opposing opinions and deliberate misinformation.

Dialogue bubbles/Speech balloons – a graphic convention used mostly in comics, cartoons, and graphic novels which contain a character’s spoken words (balloons are shaped with smooth circular lines) as well as their thoughts (words are contained in balloons shaped like clouds); thoughts sometimes appear in boxes in the upper corners of the graphic

Script – the text of a play, broadcast, or movie

Screenplay – a script for a film including dialogue and descriptions of characters and sets

Target audience –consumer group most likely to buy a specific product and identified by region, age, demographics, or economic status. Effective ads are created and placed in media with the target audience clearly in mind.

Foreground – part of a scene, landscape, etc., which is near the viewer (between the observer and up to l/4 or 1/2 mile distant). The surface patterns or objects and visual elements are important in the "foreground" portions of views

Background –distance part of a landscape; surroundings, especially those behind something, and providing harmony and contrast; area located from 3-5 miles to infinity from the viewer, characterized by perception of outline shape, landforms, and patterns of light and dark. Skylines or ridgelines against other land surfaces are the strongest visual elements of background.

Angle – slant; a biased way of looking at or presenting something

Lighting – illumination, can often establish mood or serve a symbolic purpose

Contrast – perceptual effect of the juxtaposition of very different colors. Occurs when there is a visual difference between things or qualities being compared; degrees of dynamic imbalance between elements of a composition which draw the eye and demand resolution (dominance) to establish unity and overall balance in the design as a whole.

Logical fallacies – errors of reasoning, errors which may be recognized and corrected by prudent thinkers

Colour – appearance of objects (or light sources) described in terms of a person's perception of their hue and lightness (or brightness) and saturation

Message – any thought, idea, or information, whether expressed in plain or in secret language, prepared in a form suitable for transmission by any means of communication.

Text choice – often reflects purpose and target audience (ex: Big, bold if appealing to children and elegant if appealing to young women)

Bias – is a mental leaning or inclination; partiality; prejudice; bent. It is sometimes delivered to the audience subconsciously.

Subliminal message – used by advertisers as a way to sell their product; it can be defined as any sensory stimuli below an individual’s threshold of perception (an individual does not know they are subjected to the message or object); a form of advertising on film or television that employs subliminal images to influence the viewer unconsciously

Subtext – the implicit meaning or theme of a literary text; a message which is not stated directly but can be inferred

Web page – a page of information on a website; may include text, graphics, and links to other pages

Whitespace – space on a page or poster not covered by print or graphic matter

Media Strategies

An advertisement is a public announcement in a newspaper, magazine or on the radio, television, or Internet advertising something such as a product for sale or an event.

In order to tackle this portion of your exam, you will need to KNOW the following definitions. Luckily, MOST OF THESE STRATEGIES HAVE THEIR MEANING WITHIN THEIR NAME:

1.Bandwagon - this technique appeals to your desire for conformity; if you don't buy the product, you are not up-to-date or part of the in crowd, so jump on the bandwagon

Example: Every day, thousands are switching to Lay's Potato Chips.

2. Cartoon/Cute Characters - this technique relies on the entertainment value of the cute character to encourage us to purchase the product

Example: The Charmin bear uses toilet tissue.

3. Celebrity Endorsement - this technique involves a public figure speaking on behalf of a product; the plan is that your admiration for the singer or sports star will cause you to buy the product

Example: Lady Gaga wears Red Door perfume, and so should you.

4. Emotional Appeal - this technique appeals to one of our emotional needs

Example: Buy Nutella and you will be a great parent, providing your child with good nutrition.

5. Facts and Figures - this technique tells the consumer that this product has been proven to be the best buy or the most effective or whatever; often "tests" have been conducted to prove this

Example: In clinical studies, Crest has been clinically proven to whiten teeth.

6. Gender/Sex Appeal - this technique uses sex or gender connection to sell a product

Example: Buy Axe and all the women will want you.

7. Name Calling - this technique uses slander of the opponent to win support

Example: The current government has not managed your tax dollars well. They have been wasteful.

8. Plain Folks - this technique appeals to people who feel that they want products for ordinary folks; often these people are family oriented, and certainly those who feel that they are down-to-earth, part of average society

Example: Shop at Walmart; we make family budgets go furher.

9. Shock Appeal - this technique involves shocking you into believing that you should buy or do something

Example: there is a very scary old ad for a cell phone that has a woman stranded on a deserted road with no phone and an unknown man in a pickup stopping to check on her

10. Snob Appeal - this technique involves convincing you that the product is for people who will have only the best; people who choose the product involved here are "in a league above the rest"

Example: Come dine at The Keg, where we cater to those who deserve the best.

11. Testimonials - This technique is aimed at those who worry about growing older; for those who want to hang on to their youth

Example: I'm Kate and I use Tide to wash the soccer uniforms of my four kids - it works every time.

3. What tone is created in the visual? Discuss two design elements that help to establish this tone.

4. What is the subtext of the visual? Explain your response with specific reference to the visual.

5. What type of media strategy is being used in this visual? Explain your response with reference to the text.

Housing p. 225

Create a village: Divide the students into groups of four. Give each group a deck of cards, pipe cleaners, elastic bands, popsicle sticks and ask them to construct a house. They can have 15 minutes.

Read the story aloud with the students.

Stop mid-way p. 226. Why would the boss not be pleased if the narrator “entered his workplace wearing a lobster bib with a lobster bib?” and if he ate a house, why would it be bad to wear a bib with a house on it? Ask students if they are beginning to get the figurative meaning.

IN the next paragraph, why would he want to be disguised?

Read para. 4, and then destroy one of the houses from the foundation up. What happens to the house?

Read the next paragraph and destroy the next house from the top. What issues will come up if a house is eaten from the top?

What is the best way to eat the house? Ask two students and have them demonstrate using the other houses.

In the second last paragraph, have the students note the change in point of view. Why is it not important to know the strategy of how the house will be eaten? What is the bigger issue here?

1. Illustrate the author’s use of analogy (a comparison of elements from different categories to shed light on one or both elements) to explain what the figurative meaning of the story is. Represent your ideas with symbols, drawings, and quotes from the story.

2. Identify 2 ways the author’s style changes in the second-last paragraph. How do these changes help the audience understand the true real message behind the story? Give support!

Informal Debate: Discuss the issue of homelessness. The narrator blames “you” for the problems, and thinks “you” should take steps to fix the issue. Do you agree or disagree? Is it a societal issue or an individual one?

Watch the Lays classic Mr. Potato Head commercial.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z6JAg0zzI_A

1. What media strategies are being used in the ad? Choose two and explain how each one is effective in revealing the message.

2. What is the purpose for the ad? Support your answer with a reference from the text.3. How is product placement important in this ad?4. What is the subtext of this ad? Explain your response with reference to the text.

The Cask of the Amontillado (p. 326)

Questions 1, 2, 4 on p. 334

5. Identify the mood of the story and identify two techniques Poe uses to create this atmosphere. Support your response with references from the story.

Wasp’s Nest p. 299

Definition

The mystery genre is a type of fiction in which a

A detective, or other professional, solves a crime or series of crimes. The purpose of a mystery novel is to solve a puzzle and to create a feeling of resolution

with the audience. The protagonist, or central character, is the detective, and the rest of the characters are

usually the suspects. The plot of a mystery begins with an inciteful action, such as a murder, and uses

suspense to draw the reader into the story. As the protagonist, the detective works to solve the mystery and often finds him or

herself in danger. Each suspect and his or her motives are examined in the story. Dramatic tension is heightened with foreshadowing, a literary device that hints at

events to come as, as well plot twists and suspects' motives. During the course of the investigation, the detective examines all clues, motives, and

alibis, which support suspects' whereabouts at the time of the crime, to find the guilty person.

Answer questions 1, 3, 5 p. 308.

Beware of approaching test. The date for your short story test is: