Sir Syed Special

8/17/2019 Sir Syed Special

1/20

www.muslimmirror.com

M/-&$' M$,,),Mahbubul Hoque:The Sir S"ed of

our timeThe Ne! Centresof Aligarh MuslimUniersit"

10/-

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan

A G&)ba& P#()'()(

SPCIAL ISSUE

2/20

2 SPECIAL ISSUE Muslim Mirror

B( D". Shakeel Samdani

I 18I= IJGN =H L>IHH JGI I=JH> H>IN > >. = >JI>N 1857 H=IIG I= HJH >H I= >IJH>H >. J H>H I I= I>LG JI>N HI LG,>N H=IIG >I>NI. I=>H >GN A= $= > I IJ =>H I= =< JH>H. >G N > I JH== =>H J>IN ILGH KG KI N G>< I= L>I=HI G H>I>> JI> I

I=I I>.>G N LH >HI>H= H > L= IGHG H> >IIJ > IG I= >JG F>GHI G (1857). = JI>I GH>IN. LH H> GGG, JI>>HI, >I> >HI LG>IG, =>HIG>, G=HI K =J>HI. GJHHI GI=MN G>JHH II I= GI>H IL >JH

JH>H. BN LG>I>< "AH--B" I I> L= >ILH J> I JIIG H>I>H=, = GK=>H I>>HI> G= ILGHGH IGKGH>H GK>->. LH I= GJI >I> H> =N.JH>H LG H=IIG I I=I I>> KGN GHI. G I=IG > I -HIGJI>K IG>JI> > G< GJKI>< HJGHH JH>H>HI >< >IH L>G N >K I=I N HIGJI> J LG I= L>I=I= >>IN I HJGK>K L>I= >IN., = I J I= IH HII>< >HI>IJI> G I= JGH. .A..CH= > 1877 IA>= IG GL A>>KGH>IN. >G N IN HII- I= JGH => I= HI>H=-I I= A C I=I, T H= HGGN > N-N I=>H I=I I=>H H= H H I H=L >HG>>-

I> IL >JH JH>H.= > GH => I= HI>H=-I I=>H >HI>IJI> LH I=LGI= I= JH>H,L=>= = H>< I=>G H>-I> N IG N. =>G G>JHI>>H > I I I= K> I=JI> >>I>H GK> N I=U. AG>GN TJH, G M, I=G GIL GI=GH, L= >H J>I= =GIN JI I= I=G >H >H-H. =JH >I >H I= JIN I=GI=GH I I G , I=>G >><GI=G. =>H LH I= KGN > I=IH= I== AIC I=>H CG N = =>K >HH> H=GI H I>. BJI H> JI>, >G N'H

>H >H > H I=G >HH = H>>I H>I>. I KG I=G HIH =>HI GH>IN. JGIGI> H> GGH H. LH>-=G HJG>HI I N > IIGHJI H > H>G>I. LH I>>HIL= GJH I HJGGG GBG>I>H= HJG>G>IN.

GH I =K >H>G N

>J JI. BJI I I= H I> == >> >II + += +N L= >I =>H > G=>< JI> < >JH H G G>I> K> JH-IH GK>>< > I= H>IN. =GH>IN >G N G>H JH>I> >J, + += +N N A===.

>G N'H IG>JI> ILGH K-I HJG>H >H I G< JH>H C=G>HI>H HG.FG I=>H JGH, = LGI -IG>H I= B>. HJGI GJH JH>H IG> I G> HI = IG> I G>< J>INIL >JH JH>H L== HG> H "I= IL NH JI>J G>". >G N LH I=K>L I=I I= >JH JH>HH=J >IN G J I>J>> > H= I=I, "LN JGHKH >JH GJH>H =G > > JI > G>H L G L H >I>KH. =>H >H L=N I= >HJI

>J >H >HJI I= JH>H I= =J>>I> JH> >H I-IG H= G I= >JH".2 >GN'H GIH G >J JH>G>H=> LG I> L=AMG =HG, D>HIG>IHIGI B>G LH G=N I= >J C=L=G>H I=I L=NJ K B>G, >N =KG I=

=GHIG>I I JH. H>, =K GN = KG >I I= +=I $= NA= $=. = >J >GHH> I=I L =K J > +=I $= N A=.

= = HI>H= .A.. CIH GH G = KGN J>IN. KG >HG>>-I I= L=>>I>< I= JI>H HI.=JH, = >I =G B HG>> I= CI I=I I=I = LH C=G>HI>. >H HJ-G>H LH GI, GI> >I>. I IN'H >I>>HH=J G HH G => > I=>H

G, KGG =>HGK> K>H>I A CJ H=-GH LG JN G>K N I=JHHH. >< LHMGHH N >JH >=H L=>G N K>H>I J.

AI=G HI >G N'H GH->IN H=J I >I JI.AI=J I= =>HIGN LH G JI JLJI >G N LH I N GIJI H >IGJ GI> >HI>-IJI>H > =>H CH= IJI'H > > I= CI LH I= >GHI KG IJI'H> > >. AI I= I> I=

HI>H=I >I LH >'H> CJ JI IG >G N =>-H L>H= I =IH I>'H DI>< CJ H >IH GJH GH LG H JI= MG DI>< CJ. IJIHGGHII>KH LG JN I NHIJIH MI I=I >GHI NG HIJ-IH G DI>< CJ. GJI>LN, =>IIJ IH >HHJH G>< JH>H LG =I=G. G>OH LG >IGJ G HIHGH. >G N =>H LH >IHIG. LH I= >GHI I JH I=IG ">I>> IG" L=>= IG >G JG CHI>IJI>. HIGI >I>> >IN >

=O>JG I JG>O HIGLJI >I>> GI> IG < I= I= HI. JHJIN I= >INLH IGHGG G =O>JG IA>G N I A>I> I G>I IJ>H, >GN GI I H>--G>I JI>.

LH GHG>JH K>LH LG L I GI=GI>. LGI = >H -H>G H GI> G= IJGHI >IGGI *JG.AI=J GI>H NI = > I HJ-

J I I= GHHJG. AI I= HI>, = LH GJ I I =JGI ->G N'H K>LH. KG G N- I I L=I = >K.

L I J =>H >I> K>LH, I=NG H GI> GI> H =>HI=G K>LH. > I HJGI> I> C->< GH G>GNG = > I LI I HI-

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan

A G&)ba& P#()'()((AMU "+0*! S% S4! A$! K$a* a b+* +* 17 Oc/+b!

1817 a* c!!ba/! a/ AMU a* b4 %/ %0/%+0 a0*% ac+

/$! + a S% S4! Da4. S!*%+ AMU "ac0/4 D. S$a'!! Sa-

a*% !!b! /$! !"+! a* $% c+*/%b0/%+*.)

FEBRUARY-2014

3/20

3SPECIAL ISSUE FEBRUARY-2014Muslim Mirror

>>O >I N N I>. , =K>H, HIJIH I I I GI >>I>H IGI N J-I>. EK I. #L=G =GJ=H >I JI I=I, " LH N>II I I= I> JH,I=J LH =>H >GHI G>G>-IN K H G H I= JH>H LGG". >G N LH LG I=I

JH>H GIN > I>J>>< N > I=N IN J-I> I G L>I= >JH.

= HIJIH A C=LH HI>H= N >G N A=$=, I I>K GI > I= GHIGJH > GG I >GI I= I>G G> >GII >H L=>=>J I= GH>I-H=>,KGGH=>, C=> >>HIG-H=>, >>HIG-H=> I= > > I= IIH. =JH, I=N > I IJ> I= JIGN > I= HI G>. I=I G >HI I I= J-

IGN IG GI>I> J> N>GII HIH > >HI H. AL >< H G: J=. A>, J =JI A>,$= AJ =G $=, DG. >GJHH>, +> A= $>L>, HGI=>, AJ $=L, GA> $=, DG. >J> $>I=L,>O =. G=>, + =GGI >= =.AJ=, >HG A= =GL>,AJ *NNJ AHG>, *O> AAH>, AJ AO>O AHG>, =JG= >GO AO B> 'HG>I JI K>H L>L-=. H>, "I= L >H >

I IJG H>N I= L>L HGKH =J HNI=>H.3 AI I=I I>L>L -GGG>> >IN. I I=JH>H "I JGL-GGG> I=>H LG I= MI GI=>G K>GIJJH H".4 GGO =G>IN I >LH. I >I >H > I=I =LH HI JI> JI I=G>IN >H I=GL>H. LH JN >KG JI>< GH. BJI = LH I= >> I=I >GHI I= IH J-I>< NH H=J I G>G>-

IN H>H. A KGN I IJG >GN'H GH>IN LH I=I = LH > JI > I IG> >I>< JI LH > >H. LGI "AH--" (CJHH >+KI) I =>>H I= BG>I>H= KGI LG GH-H> G I= JI>N. >G N'H G-HHHH HIG>H M G JG GHI JGJG-N L=>= I I= > I= H.

AH =H G>G >I JI I=I>G N = JI>I GH>-IN JI H>N = LH JI>>HI H> GGG. I L> G-

G>I I KJI =>H JI> H> HI > I>.FG I>< H >G N'H JI> =>-H=N, I I JI => CI, "C GL >" G I= GH>I HIJIH.=G> = HNH, "F>GHI GHI , JIJ K > JIILGH I=G >H I= J-I>= >HH HH>< H I=NG I= I=>H A IG, IIG L=I=G I=N => G

>JHI G I= J, EHI G HIG JI=, G NJG GI=GH >GHI HI. NJ > I IGI K I=> GI=GH >I LJ I=I NJ>G>GHI G>> ><I= HH I= H "L>HI=G".5 =>H LH I= I >GN > GHI GI=G= I=JH GI>N >I LH I= H

L=I IN L "A>H=>".>H G I= GH>I> > N JGHI G L=I = =>HH> JI >I. H>, "#JHI H I= HIJ-IH MG CG>H>I I= =JG= II I=GNGH G-IH I=>H >HI>IJI> LJ JINJ I K>H>I I= HJH GGNGH. = HIJIH LJ G-K> L>I= =-HK H= . =N LJ I L I IG I= >HI>IJI>L>I=JI I=H IN G>HI JIIG>< G JH>KLGH". >G N H > III> I

HJ= >G >IH L=>= G I>= = H> I=I, " I= >IH =GI, I= HI >JG>-JH >H HH G IIGN".7 LHHI H>II>< G LG>< L>I=JIN JGH. H>, "HH >H LG L=H >< G I G>HH >H I= >HH =GI >".8 GI I G>IJH. K>H HIJIH I=I, " H=J JG> >< L>I= =>HN".9 >I JI I=I G I=KI, H=J GG =>HL LHHH. I=>H I>,

= H> I=I, "I=G G IL >>I>H I>'H L> I GGHI,I=N H=J G>O I=I I=N =K - >I >N LG-HH H, I=I I=N H=JHIGJ I= = L N=K H HJ= I=>< I=I >I L> HJG I=H G>G><L > =>H GH, N G =>H>K>= > IIG LN NK =>H I=J =GIG".12

LH > KG L>< =I=N> HIN K>< J KI>,J=N>, JH>I>> IG>I>H JHIH. =H>O I=>I>JH =N> G>H. C =>H I>H = HIN.>G N LNH I=>HJJHI>> II>IJ =>H G , T L =I I= JIJG >HIN >GI H>I>H, =LK-G G>HI> I=N N JH H=G GJ> G JH I>H, I= L=I K>H> = L =K G JG L KI GG N A= $= LH > HIG<> HJGHI>I>H GI>JGN>GH, NHI>. =HH>, T=G >H I=>< G < I= > HJGHI>I>H >>GH G I= =J> G I= KGN M>HI =J>IN.U > N IG>-I> IL G> H>.

H>, T+> >H I= LG JG HJGGJ> I= M>HI LG >H H>. IG->I> >H HH> IL H> G> H LG I H>I> LG . IG->I> IL G> H>M>HIH > > I= >I >>IH

JN I=>>< I=GG H=J IGN I G =>H I=>>JHJGHI>O I= >GI G>JH I-G. 16 I=>H G, T G>IN J>< G>JH =H I=G HIH >H IJN J><I= G>JH =H WH L G>-.U >I= I= K I>>II>H >>H, = GJ I =IN I=GJ HI>H= A C= IG GLA> >KGH>IN.

= A AJ> G HG KGHI GIH I= LG I

HKG H G=H I= BNH' AHH>I>H M>HI. = G-JIH A> >KGH>IN=K HI>H= JI 500 JI>- >HI>IJI>H > >GI GIH I=LG. = I >>IH I= LG-J >I I= A>HI I= A BNH' AHH>I> =H HI>H= I='>G N >KGH>IN EG>< = = =>H LG, "A HG>H EHHNH =" LH J->H= > 1870 JG>< K>H>I IE =>H HH, L= HJHJIN #JH. >H MG>H > I=>HJIGN = J>I > IIGH,LG>II > GJ, I I= #JG =>HHI>IJI > A>H > I I= < I= AIC= LH > 1873 N >G >> J>G, L=> I=JI> HI I= J>>< L> M>HI LH > L>I= J= G-N N G NII > 1877. K><GI>G G I= HGK> > 1876, NA= LH > 1878 >I G I= >GN'H CJ> NG NII, I= >II ><GL G JGI=G G> N G+>. =H H I=HI>K CJ> I= GI=-HIGK>H. 1888 = LH $.C... FG N NGH HI >G NA='H = I A>< N =>H L-=H L= = =H I I=J G I NG =H H>-GH HI NGH LG L=NKI I I= GHG>IN =>HCHI>IJI, HI =>H JGNH =K I=>G=. AH L= L =>HI G H I=JH>HI> > =>H G>H HI= > =H. I= = KG = GI> =>H H> >I=, I=I JI> LH I= >>HH GJ>GI > =H > I=N LG I>I> JG I= BG>I>H= + I==>I> L=>= LH I=>G J.W20

>G N LH HIJ= JH>. > G I= JH>H L=I + += +N > G I= >JH. LI JH>H I I LHIGJI> H>I>> JI. BJI= LH KG GN I G>HL>I= I= =>H KJH H. =JH, = GI =>H J-I> =>H=N > I= L><LGH, "=>H=N L> > JGG> > JGI. A I= GL , '=G >H JI A=' L> G JG =".

4/20

B7 S7#" Z3a'0 A&+a"= =G JI I= J>K =>KIH A>, =JJ J , LI II => I I= G>HI HH> GIJ>IN .= I D=> I G>K LG => MGHH N >H LH GN HG>O. =G LH G =>G >G

N > . A IGJ A>- >IGN K>GIJN. AIG >>H=>< =>H HIJN I A>>KGH>IN, =JJ J G= JL=I>L>I= =>H JIG > 2000 > 2008 = HI->H= J>KGH>IN - >KGH>IN > &=HIG>I AHH, =JJ J >=>H IG>JI> G $G>)G .C. C=G. = I=>H NJ< G I= HI LG GH > HIGIH=>H G JGN I =H =>H G G=HA> >KGH>IN. = G > >G N >O L>I=> HH I= I NGH.

DJG>< =>H HIN I A , =JJ J JH IK>H>I I= OG >G N HIN I=G HI> GH I H>GI> G I= G

N. A GH>I 17-#J> HI, (1993I 2000) =JJ J > B, (C=>HIGN),DCA & CA HJG>< >GHI HH H G.AI=JK GH G JI>-I>H >JHIGN >J>< I=> >KGH>IN, JI = LH IGJ >H> >GN LI I HG JI> I II= J>>H= >HH> =>H H>G>IJ I=G. LI I AHH HIGI HIJN IG >> > >KGH>IN () L>I= JI-G JG HIJIH > I= NG 2001.

DJG>< MIG I> = JH I HH JIGHL=>= LG H > I= GI I HK N N IHI>H= JIG L=>= IG CIG CJG L>I= I= GI KG 3000 HIJ-IH. = JG HIJIH I >GH>< KGNNG. 2002, 28 HIJIH, > 2003, 128 HIJIH, >2004, 236 HIJIH, > 2005, 450 HIJIH, > 2006,

1300 HIJIH, > 2007, 2200 HIJIH, > 2008,35000 HIJIH I >HH> > CIG CH G HI>H=>< ->O. BJI = = I= G >G N. I=H NGH= I HIG>K>H= J>KGH>IN.I I IG>>O =>HG. I= JIH>GIH J=I> = J>G I= G I= J>KGH>IN > 2008 KGH>IN = I=JG >KGH>IN > & =KGH>IN N I= KGG H>IG . = =H HI>H= > 350 GH >IJGHJ HL=>= >H H>IJI JI 85 G I= >I

< JI 11 G I= >-I AHH, D>HJG.= J>KGH>IN LH GK JI =JJ J= N I HIGI I= > HHH>. =I I +H 10 GG G I= G I= -HIGJI> I= J>> HH-H> H I=I I= GK I= J>KGH>IN J >I>. AIG HI>H=>< I= J>KGH>IN

=JJ J HIGI IL CBE >>I H=H> JH> >I >HIG>I $G> = RI=> CIG J>= RBGJG. =>H >> G >HHK = H I HI>H= G H=H > JH>>I GH H I=I JH> HIJIH I-I > =>H J>KGH>IN.

=JJ J HI>H= I= J>KGH>IN >H-=GH GHH>>>IN >< I= IGJ LG >G N. DJG>< I=H NGH = = I HJG I = >H HI> HJG>G GJ I= LG I HJGI => G IG>I L =>H >. > >G N = =H H KN >IH J I I HIG>. BJI = >H J>I=J I=I > G JIJG = L> KG =>HGH. >G N HHH.GIJIN I= >G N JG I> >H I JN J I =H JH>H=HH =JJ > L AKIG. HIGILG>GHHN G I= JI> G=>>II> I= =HH =>G L= LG >K>< > G>H. G I= 35,000 HIJIH LG I NI= K> L=>= 13,000 LG H= < =>-G. G I= JI> G=>>II> G-H =>I=G>HIH LG>K>I I HJGI I=H =>G I=GJ, >> >, I>, HI>H=>< GH>I>H=H G GH, HI>H=>< >JHIG> IG>>< >HI>-IJI =>< IGH.

FG =JJ J V> LI= G I IJH N I= A>< IN G L=>= L G HLG I=DN #J< I= IGJ =>G K>H>GN >G N, =JJJ HNH VL I= A>H HI>H= J>-

KGH>IN KGN NG I JG L. CWI 50000 JHI 10000 JN? CWI L HI>H= J>KG-H>IN > 500 GG? H >I >HH> G JH? BJI I= G- >H L K>H> L G I GN I HG>->W. N GI> I>I V GJ >G NJI I GJ A>W = H> I >

G> > >< A>. BJI IG I>< L>I==JJ J HN I GJA> JI GJ I=>H A>. =A>< GIG>IN L> GLG G HH

G I= > I= >K>< >G N IG =>H MG>. L>H= I=I N L> L= LJ HN I=I V GJ >G N GJ A>W.

A b,$! $(.,)d/c.$)( )! Ma#b/b/& H)+/BG > K>HIG>I ; AHH DG 1, 1973.

E"3!a2'-,:D> IG>JI> ;G $G>-) ;G .C. C=G, B. (!H) & CA ;GA> >KGH>IN (A..), HJG>< ;>GHI HH H- G@ > 2000.IGI HIJN IG ; L>I= JIG ;JG

HIJIH > I= NG 2001. =>= IG IJG >I CIG C JG L>I= I= GI ; 3000 JH HIJIH.?G >HI>IJI>H = ;J:

P FJ EJI> +HG= & DKI FJ-I> (E+DF) > 2005

P FJ >KGH>IN ; > & =I H C=G ; I=>KGH>IN N !>H EMN, I= KGG ; H>IG ; .

P FJ + HI>IJI ; > & =, ;;>>I I 'GI= EHIG !> >KGH>IN, =><& GK N A > CJ> ; => EJI>,'L D=>.

P FJ + C, JL-=I>, G;HH> C>I I 'GI= EHIG!> >KGH>IN, =>>I H=H I $G> =-I=G@> & CIG J>=-BGJG.P FJ F@=GJ> A> A= CIG ;G C=>< &

J>, JL=I>.P FJ !*E 20 ( H= I ;JN HHG 20 G>-

>I G HIJIH ;G A => +=>>II>

S!#+#1 ','2'a2#" 7 '+:) G; *JGJ !J G> =GH=>) $=>GJ 'HH B@ FLH=>) G; *JGJ !J G> ELI ;G >G;>-

E12a*'1#" & "#"'!a2#":1) G; D =J@ > B@ 2) =>?> B@ 3) >GN !JH ('GI= & JI=) 4) G;. *JGJ !J A-> CM 5) J AO B@ 6) DG B+ A-

@G B@ 7) . >GI >I> +HH>>>I>H:C=>; IG ; JG ; G;HH> GHG= ->H L=>= =K HI J N E+DF.G, I>< C>II, 'I> >IG>< C->II ;G >G>I>H EJI>, >>HIGN ; !+D, KI ;>G, 'I> >IG>< C>II ;G >G>I>HWEJI> ('CE), >>HIGN ; !+D, KI ; >,GH>I, 'GI= EHI FGJ ;G => HI>IJI>H('EF)G GIGN, >G>I>HW C>I>O CJ> (CC),AHH.

A5a0"1 & R#!-%,'2'-,1:P ALG L>I= I= GHI>JH TEJGJG ALGU N

EG>< I= ;G DG. =H=> =GG, > >->HIG ; II ;G !J +HJG DKI I I= E-

GHW CK 2013, HI N ?JGN ; />C=GH ; 5 => >KGH>I>H ; > & I=G=>>H >J>< ;;>>H ;G >>HIGN ;CJ>I>H & G G>I, KI. ;>.

P +>K TJ AJ #> C=J=JGN G>ALGU ;G I= NG 2013 ;G 'GI= EHI > EGI--=G>=

P +>K >G>IN EJI> %GH=> ALG NE', 'L D=> GHI N C=>G, >G>INC>HH>, KI ; >

P +>K EM ALG L= CIG C- KG > ;G HJI>K 6NGH.

P F>>II N I= >G>IN ;G >IN, CABF+DJ> +I>H, J> +I>H >IN ; >, E> ?- ? >I>, >=G & KG>JH I=G GHI>H ;G =>HIG>JI> I I= ;> ; JI> & H> LG@.

U.!-+',% P0-(#!21:P AI=G >>I =H > >G>IN

>I GJG GH > =H L>HP CIG>H WH !HI L>I= %>GGN C=><

F>>IN ;G A>>HIGI>K GK>HP =G H ;G LP B.E C< JHI !JH ;>>INP EJI> / = N "N />

5/20

B( Kaleem Ka'aja

>G N A= $= HI>H= I== AI C 1875. =>HHH >I I= A> >KGH>IN >1921, I= HJI>I'H G>G J>KGH>I>H.>G N KI =>H > >GK>< JI>< I= JH>H I= HJI>I M=GI- I= I J>G G JI> H H IG>< I= I>'H >HIG.

>H > >H LIGH= > I= =>HIGN AH>'H HIGJH I G>IN. JAO >G N I= "G>< HIG >I-IJ GKJI> > AH>" I=I IG I L H I= A>,I= GG = H JG I= >I LHIG >JHIG>>HI>. >G N G>H I=I I= HJI>I > H> GI>JG JHI = HJ>N H HH>.

AI GN H= H=>->-#G-JH-> > I= >G>< GJ LHG, N-J-A=G, > 1844. 1847, =>H HIG>, AHGJH, I=I GK> LI= >G-I> I= =>HIG> JIH > D=>,G. A IJGN---= IG, I=>H HI>

GK>H I= HI G=H>K IG> I=HJI. 1855, = J>H= NI I=G I=IG>K L> G>I> > S I> GK>H> I= A>--AG>.

1863, L=> HGK>< > =O>JG, HIG , IG>< JI GG=I IL JH>H C=G>HI>H, >G N I>< =>H -IG>H I= B> JG I= I>I N>J $,=H>H>< I= N H>>G>I>H IL H C=G>HI>>IN. =>H LG GJ >G N G N JGIGH L>I=> I=JH> J>IN. BJI > J JGH, >I GJ >I I= G>JH H> I=>->< I= JH> J>IN.

=>H GIJG G EG--*JG, L=>= LH H I= L --$,L>I= IJG GH H >IH HIJIH. I=>HGI, >G N GL >H>GI> G ==>J=, I= >JHIG>JH 18I= IJGN JH>H=G. LH HJI I IN G>>J GHGKI>K JH>H. LKG, N JIJH>H G>I I= L H>I>> I=HJIGGI H.

= A CG N HI>H= >A>IIJ JIJG IG >IJ L>I= I= GK H>G>I I= I>H. I LH>G N'H A>H L= N G>I G >I= HIGJ, HGI =>, >I A>$=, $=>-JO-, G A> $=, DG >GJH>, $= =G $=, =>= AJ=, +>A= $>L> N I=GH LG I= GJIH A> >KGH>IN.

A'H J>J =>KI >H I=I G KG IJ-GN >I =H GK> J>IN => I LHI > L= I G >H < H>H,>>, G>IGIJG I KHI JI>IJ NJI= G H>N >N G>KJH> >>H GHH I= GI= >. =JH

A =H IGJN J>I I= JH> J>IN JI=H> =H JI I= K N>< >L>I= I=GH.

GIHHN JGHJ>< =>H K>H> JG KGN >>-JI >GJHIH, >G N = I N HIGJIN G>H> I= J>IN. BJI =>H G LGJHHH I>J>GH I>. N >G N'H M >H =G >'H IGJ JH> J>IN I GJK-I I=HKH.

(The -i*e i Eec+*ie Diec*%, A%cia*i%$ %f I$dia$ M+"i# %f A#eica, Wahi$g*%$ DC. )

S$, S2d A#'dMa( 1$.# aG,a. V$$)(>G N A=>G N A=, G 17I=IG, 1817, =>H >I>. LH KGHI> JH > IGJ HH I= LG. => I= JH G JI> I I> L= I= >H > JH>H > GI>JG H>G >I H> I I=GJI #L=G =GJHG> >G N H " GI GGG L=LI I G> G H>I>> I=JI=G> N GI>>HI> >IGGII>H I NII>< H> >." LH M>JH I JH= LJI>. LH > LN JN H-GI>HI. +IN = =H>O I=I G>JH >-GH H=J =K >I> I> H>>.U(D>HKGN >).

= GI >H>GN MGHH =>H >>I=I "I= G G N) -H>HIH > I= I I=I = LH I= >GHI > JH>L= I I= GH= G>II> H LG G >IW > LH HH>< I=GJ-

>JI G> IG I= >JG 1857 JI>N.BG>I>H=GH G >I I=>G + KGI= JIGN H I=N = I>JJHN I>K> I= >H I= H>H I=>G G>. BJI>G N JI> GI>JGN JH>HHI I= H>G HIGH. G:"+G I=I I= LGH >J JH> GN I G G>JH >HI>I>: I=GL>H GHH L= GH> > I=>H JIGN ."

H>G >JH JH>H H I= IL NH G> L= LJ >HG > >H HI GL. =JH => =>H G=, =

I JH>H I G GI>, GI> LG I= =< H>IN. KJH JI> = JII > =>H >>. LI JH>H I =K H>I>> IG -G II>IJ > > G I=>H = H I= IG > EG>=JGIJIN > I I=. J H= > A>H JGH, > N, 1875L>I= GN >IN HIJIH G. I =>H A>J A=W L=>= >JH>< L H>G H G J>G>< G L I JH> H> >I>I=JI= =>H HG= G HJI> I I=J>INWH LGHH, = I>J LG>I><G KG>JH JHH H L>I=JI GJ>HHI N G>. >I= I= H, >G N HJHHJ > =>H >HH> GJI> A>KGH>IN. =>H A>>KGH>IN GJ >IIJH > G KG>JH >I>H. I >H IG>JI I >G N I=I I= >GHI KGH>IN LH I= GN +=G GI >G JH> DG. N =, I=GJIH A>H I= JIGN. I >H G >GN I=I IG HI IJGN I= >< I= A>H I= JIGN G L JGIJI-N G =>, > I= JI> >, L>I= I=>G -L JIGN. FG I=>H H>IJI> > L=>= I=JH>H G , L= >H I ? JH>I=HKH. I > =H G>: "$=J I JH J =I => > = >H=N > =I ." ( =H I=I> I=H L= G I I=GI=

GG N I =N JH> JI>, >I >H I I>H > >G N G N I==G>O I>. H, I=>G HH< >GI. CWI L L I= I=H=L N I=? CWI L G>O I= HHG N I= H>G>I => I= A>H HI> I I I. >G N >H G JI =>H HHHH> K >I> G LH L>I= JH.D. M. I'*eda H+ai$ Fa%%'i i *he e*ied cie$*i*(De&+*/ Diec*%) %f Na*i%$a" B%*a$ica" ReeachI$*i*+*e, L+c!$%-.


S$, S2d A#'ad K#a(Ma( 1#) b,)/"#. .)".#,

')d,($.2 a(d I&a'

6/20

DR. PEER NASEER AHMAD ANDAJAZ LONE DO A COMPARATIVEANALYSIS OF THE TWOSTREAMS OF THOUGHT

S+a**#0D#$a3*2La0%#0

G>H H > N . NG, >IH G>> MIH >H 'I=H>G GI I > L I=- HNI=H>H, H>HII L>I= I=I =>HIG> GHG=' .= >IH> < I= JH> >IIJ- J>IN > I=>H ILIN->GHI -IJGN >H I=>G H>IGN>>I> I= L>I= I= H> '' >H H> >I>IN, L>I=I= G H> I= >G N>A= $='H I=JH GHH>G GIGN>< H> G>HI> I I= J>IN. I= I>JI> >GN> A= $=, A K IG G>HII=J= L =K HH> -G>H. JG -H>GI>, I I=>H >I >H >-I=G I> JI>HI, G I= HGKI>K. HI, >IGH I=I = =H HJHHJN J>I G>=JG>H= G H>I>> JI

> H> >>J.I1*a+'! +"#0'1+-

H> G>H > I= > J-I>I > I= 19I= IJGN >H H>- I>JI> I= H> GGKIH GG> JI N I= HIH HJ= H == >J= D=> >G N> A= $=. I= G-G>HI GG KIH,=H>H LH G ILGHI= H>I>K >HHJH I= H>IN, >>I>, G H>G>IJ. =IGH>I> G G-G>HI IGI G>H LH G N >IH H->I>K G= H> GG > I=H> IIH H. = HI H>>I G>HI I=>GH > >G

N> A= $=, JI>J= AJ=J N> A>GA> =K G= I= G I= GI>H=> IL >I= GH > H> =>H=>-I=- I=>>< L>I= L H>I>>JI L=>= LH I= G< K>>< G G-I>.

M"#0'12 V'#51 $ S'0 Sa7'"A&+#" K&a:

>G N> A= $= LH I= >GHI>GII G>HI < I=> JH>H. == >J= = H>G >J >G N>A='H G>GN >H>GI> H-JI>K I=JJ='H JI I=>= JI > I IG> GN>IH >>I.

+I> HJGIJG>H: =>H G= 'GI>HJGIJG>H' >G N> A=$= H>, "I >H N JIN I HJ= H I= G> H,G>H' GII=>H

, I= > > H GN >->HI> G.

S!'a* R#$0+1: =>H H> GGH,

N> A= $= N>IGGI I= IG>I> H>>HI>IJI>H > >=, NIGHI (G>). -H>G >= H N K> G I= JH> J>IN; N< >=GIN G-=>>I > I= *JG I=J JG>HIH G>II >I > I=>G, G> >HG=>>I N > >I >H > I= -J G. I, >G N> A=$= >I G H>, > JIJG J>I =>H -G>->HIH. > I=I I= G LGNG NHI>>H>H >H >GI. =HI=I NHI>>H >H K> >H>> GI= I> G>IN I=JIHGHH GI> >H I>GN >G-I G I=I I= IG>I> GH >G>>H G GI>>H.

I(2'&a": I>= =H N G > I=HJI>K -G>H >GJ= . > N I=GGG>HI = H KIH G I=JIHI HH>IN >< I= G >I>= G I= L GJH> H=GH G I= I>. I >HI= =GI > > >I=J . I=G LGH, >I>= >H I= N". JHI, H >I HH I JH, > I HK><I= JH> J>IN G IIHIGJI> > H>, >I>, -> >IIJ >I>H.=>H >H I= JH JG>IN =>HJI> H= >I>I=J H>IJI> GJII> =>H HJI>K G>H N I=G J>IN. =L,G I= GI A , I=JI=G H>GH I .C.>I= H GG>I I=I N GJH> L= LJ I JI G>- JHI L=G I ;

I=GL>H, = >H =GN LGI= >HI-> -G>H, >>I>I N >G N> A=$= L>I= I= =HI >II> IHK I= JH> J>IN G I=> >, L>IHH >IH IKI > > A

(D.Pee Naee Aha#ad i Ai*a$*C%$*%""e, Ea#i$a*i%$, U$iei*/ %f Kah#i a$d Aa0 L%$e i ReeachSch%"a i$ I'ba" I$*i*+*e %f C+"*+e a$dPhi"%%&h/, U$iei*/ %f Kah#i)

6 SPECIAL ISSUE Muslim Mirror FEBRUARY-2014

I+ba&, S$ S2d a(d .#I-&a'$c ')d($-'

7/20

B( Inam Abidi Am"h&i

E >G N A= $=KH H>G GHI G - > >, H>N JH>H >I=G H> I= GG. A

K>H>, = I=J JI> H GGNIII G>G HI G>- H. I >H >GII I JG-HI L=I GK => I G>< >G JI> H HK>G JH>H.

= G=I H B H>,T=G G IL GHH I=I >HG>II I KN: = I L= =H K G>=H L= =H I=JGI > HG= G IGJI=;I= I=G I L= =H KLH L=>H >I G I= >I > H=GH >I L>I= =>H LH.U >GN >-. > = HI, I=> EHI LH > =H, HIAG> LH JI I JG N>GH FG=. = >G LH GJ> JH>H = HI I=>G HI LG. (1) I LH JG HJ= >>JII>H I=I >G N G>H I= G JI> G JH>H, I=IG>HH I =IG I= >>< G-IJH I= J>IN. I=J H GI I G H>=>H><KG JH HI. =>H LH H-I=>< L=>= > IJ >I GN.

>G N LH G IG 17,1817, I D=>. >H I=G J=JII>, IG , IG J>, = G>-I H>I>H > I= JG N LH IJH I=G AO>H-J->H, HI=><JKI> I I= I>. I LHJG>< I=H GI>K NGH I=I I=>GI JI> G= =>. G GH>, AG>, GJ,H> HIJ>H, HIGN, I=-I>H JG >GI IJIGH. I I I => > I=G GH, N LHI>KN >KK > JK>I>H. =>H LH H I=

I> L= >G NWH G GI=GN J= $= HI>H=>INWH >GHI G>I>< GHH > GJII= I= JG NN-J-AG. (2) AIG =>H I=GWH I=,>> >>JI>H G => I >H-I>J =>H G JI>. >GN I J I= =GH IGI=GWH JG IG GJH>< GHG I= JI>H= EHI >CN. L KGN L L=GI= JIJG N.

=> LG>< G I= BG>I>H= >G NLGI HKG H, >J>< -IGN I= B> (N>-J-$) R I= >GHI N JH>. (2) =H=G > => HI JI JG>< I=>HG>.

= GKI 1857, H L H I=>GHI LG >, LH IJG->< >I > >G NWH >. LHGJI JH I=I HJ= >GH IIIH I >HI>H= >G > > LGI J >I>N G I>K G I= GHI =>H >.

JH>H G I= GJI I= GJIGL I=I L, I= IL I= C=G>HI>H. DG>K N I= KIH, >GN JI L>I= =>H HI JH>IGGN LG, VAH--BW (= JHH I= >GKI). I LH >N I >H I=

I=GN I= GKI >< >N JH> H>GN. GI>H= > I GH G>KH > I=>G L . BJI =H =>H L J>IN,>H=>< I= G K>< IG-JH GI=MN >-JG I J L>I= G I>H.N LH I= K>L I=I I=>< >H> > GI> JH GH. K LGI J>>H= IGN *JG IJGI=G =>H >I.

H>I I= K> I=I GHJI- IL JH>H C=G>HI>H,>G N IG> =G I G>< I= ILJ>I>H I<

GH H=G >IGHI. I=JHI>>IN M->HI, H I= > I=I EH=GI>H LG .(4) N LH LLG I= =H =LG< I= JH>J>IN JH >IH >HI>.

+>H>< I= JGI>> JI> H G H> > JH>H, >G N HI>H= J-G GHH, JGH, >J->< =O -A= (I= H>GGG) I=I GI =>H >. =>GHI HJ= H= = LH IG > 1858, I I= G=>HIGN. I=JI LJ =

JH>H I G JI I=G >K>>H-I>H H>I>H, =L I=N> L= I=N > I J L>I==H. NWH > LH I=HI I=GJH G>I>>H GG>< > N HJI>. V=J= AICH= > 1875,HI IGJH H>I> GI= GI> GG JGN I H L JI> G JH>H.

G=H >H>G N I= GN =>H I=G, >G N =H JI== #= BGHI =-G I= J>KGH>IN.

>I= N JH> GGHII>> I= K> HGK>H>G N HJGI I= GIH JGGI= BG D=>

G> > I=>H G. (2) K HI->H= I= J= C>K>GK>H FJ AHH>I> > 1883, IJGG>< JH>G N LH >I>H= 1888. > NGIG G= 27I=. LN = LHJN I=I = HL > =>H >I> I=HH V=< GJ>IH VHJHHW. = GI> I -L. IWH I G >> I=II= J>IN IN

>H HIGJI= I= H >HHJH. JG> > I= AG LG,G> JI H JH>H >I= HI, HJG JH>MIG>H, G I= H HIH I=I>G N A= $= HIGI L>I=.=I H I= I=H = II JIG HJ= GH I= GGKI IN. EJI>, G>>-I>, , GH.

= >GHI KGH *JG GK II= G=I J= B LHVGW (AG> G VGW). = =N >IH HIGHHH I= >GI JI>. >G N I I= GI= *JG LG I>GHHN IG>< JH>H >I >HIG. >K G> =H LNH I>HI>H= IL G>> >H>>>.W (1)

AH L GI I=G >KGHGN I=>H IWH I> IH L I=JG N >I =>H>. I JGHI G>I =>H JH>LGI. = G> VA>>- =I=> IG-I LGN JI. I > IJ>>< JH>H L>I= G J-I>, HI=>< L=>= K I= G>- G>IH. =>H >H I= G N A= $= I => L=>= =H IGJ I I=>H N.

J>KGH>IN > A><JI H J= =

8/20

B( A)ha" Mhammed

>G N A= $= (1817-1898) LH H>GN, HIIH JH> GGG I=19I= IJGN, I= > L= >H GG. LI I I= J>IN JIGN GK I I= GLG G >H. >H HJG>IGHI LH >IIJ KI I= I=GJ. LH I= >GHI >

JH> I IG>JI I I= >IIJ >HI>IJ-I> JI> JH> G>OI> >JI=G AH>. IGHI J>IN JIGNLH GG I => GI=G I= NI=>< H. LHHJHHJ > >< I= JH>H JGHI I=>GI G JI> KJGI=>G HI I =>K >I > GG I HI I=>G LK >> > > G L>I=H> I=JCG> +G" G I= J>I

GGH I= JH>H. A JH> H= LHHI>H= I A> N 1875, IG =>HGI>GI > 1876, >G N >I =>H I >I GN > I= JI>HI I= I H>I> I NWHGIH, I= G =EJI> CG, L=>= I JN I >-GI H I GI JI> I GK>I= JH>H L>I= IG. NK>H I= JH>H HI >>K >I>H I IGI >HI JI>. JH>HH K> HI> G>I>H. =>H K> >H > K IN. =K I IGI JG III> G J-I> G I= J>I I= LG JH> J->IN. N GGIH =K GN I I=I I=JH>H G JI>N >N GLG. =GJH > N A= $=H=L G L>I= =L > JH>H JI I >IIJ >I> =< HIG GJ. >H >GHI >HH> G>-IGGII> JH> >IG>I> L>I= HIG JI> H>. G HKG H H I=I I= =N

*JG GHI G>I> GH IJG L I=GG > I GJ JH>>KKI > H>I>> I=M L>I= G JH> JI>,G =>H JGH, I== > +GG I= A>IJI OII.

N A='H >H >HI>IJI>>OH>I G>I>>H G I=H. 1862 =G H>I>> H>IN, 13 NGH IG =HH>HI > HI>H=>< I= = AI C= GHG I=N >IIJ IG G > JH>H - =A> >KGH>IN. = HJHH I= - JGG>J-J N>< I= HIG G>I HIJ>H.

CONTRIBUTION

>G NWH IG>JI>H G I= IIGI LGI I= JH>H G H H>-I> > I= J>> GII I => I> I I>K > N >H. >H GG H JI=G >GJ HIGI I I= J>I>H D=>. EK G >GII LH =>H=I "= CJHH I= > +KI". >H>IGHI > G> LH H I>K > G=I J= (-) KI =>H I LG>I HKG KJH G>HI IGN I= =N *JG. I=HLGH = M> =L I= H> >I= J

9/20

L>I= GK H>I>> >I> >H =>HI>.

LITERARY WORKS

>G N LH K> HGKI H H=-G. = 1857 GKI LH IJG>< >I > =>H >.= L>< G =>H >GII LGH:

1) VWAA+ AADEEDWW: I >H G=HIG> GK>>< LI= >GI> JIHH =>HIG> JIH > D=>

G I= > GJ. =>H LH J>H= > 1847.

2) VVABAB-E-BAAA-E-DWW- (= JH-H > +KI) =>H LH J>H= >1859 IG I= 1857 GKI IG L>IHH>< I=IG>I>H >II N I= BG>I>H= I= >=->IIH D=>. HL J, JH> JI N>< G =>H NH. HK =>H I=GJI H= > J I G>KI>H H= = MG>-. JH>H LG I= > IG >IN HIGI > 1866.I I= I=> JH I=>G L>H.

4) VWEB--A$A*WW R I HJ > ->< G>H I= KJ G L-

H I JH>H> >I> I=J L I=-H I= N HJI> G I= GH JH>H.

2. C N L=IKG H NJ >. L> IH NJ G N HKI>. BJI H I >IN NJG =>G. D HI=>< G I= (HI= I I= H=), HI NJ H=J =K IGI (N I H>< I=)

3. L> G> =J>>I GI > L I G H>I>> >)

4. I G> JHHH G>IJH. =H G>IJH=>G =J GI> I I= GI (>I=).

6. = >GHI GJ>H>I G I= G >HI= GI=G= J>IN H I= H>IN.

7. H I= > JGH I=>H HI >GI G JI> I JH>H L=G HJG>< JH >I JI I=>H >HI>-IJI> >H G , >JH JH>H >.BI= I= JI>.

8. (>JH JH>H) I I= H G,G> LIG G I= H G>KGH GI=I= H >G. AH IIG I >JH

JH>H G I= IL NH I= JI>JG> I=I >H >JHI. HH N I= L> H> I= JIN I= G> (J-=)

9. (>JH JH>) =K KK L H=J L I=M NJ< L EJHN JHIG> KI I=>GJIGNU (DJG>< I= HIN >G N >E HIJ>H HJIH KJ.

12. I>= (>KI>, G->IGGII> L>I= I==H) >H I= I= =JG. >K

J I> (N>< L>< KJH).13. D I H=L I= H I I=GH; >HI

H=L NJG H I= LG IGJ HGGHI>< =GIG, LIN.

14. H=J I (N G>>< >>I-GI) IG>H= I= >HIGH.G>< G I=>G LG >H >H.

16. +G I=I I= LGH >J JH>G N I G G>JH >HI>I>: I=G-

L>H GHH L= GH> > I=>H JIGN.

ACHIEVEMENTS

>G N'H KI LH =>H A>= LH I=>< JI JI>KIJG. HI>H= H=H I JG >1859 =O>JG > 1863. H J H>-I>> H>IN > 1864. = >G N LH HI IA> 1867, = HIGI I= J=

AI = > I= >IN. DJG>< =>H K>H>I IE 1869, = HIJ> I= BG>I>H= JI>HNHI G>I >I.

>G N LI A CH JHJI >H I=I VW IGJ JH>H >H L= JHI =KI= =N *JG > = I= H> > I=I=GWW. N L H I= A>>KGH>IN G>< >GI JGHH > >,EG>, AGIH, H= IGHI > HG>< J-I> LGI < I= N HI->H=>< JI> >HI>IJI>H > KGN GG I= JIGN. , I=GG, HIGI GHI> VWA > JH> EJI>CGWWI =>K I=>H KI I=JH>H I JG JI> >HI>IJ-I>H > >.

AI=J JH> J>IN =H H G, HI>I=N =K I K I= G N K>HJ>H. N I= K>H> I=JH>H >G N = JH - JH>H I >GK JGJI> > >I>H JGI=G. I>H,I=GG, >JI G JH I GK>K I= A> JN.

I I=>H GIJ>IN I GJHI I= >-C=G, A> >KGH>IN I HIGI KI I I= GHJ I= HJG><JH> J>IN > >. =G >H >I >

>< I=GH. H I=I I= > JH GJG LGHH >H JI>. EJI> > I= GHI IMI LG JH I=>< H. GI G H> H>-IN N N I>< JH>H I G GHH>JI> > >, G> I NH. JHIH L=I >H =>< GJ JH JH JG >I-I I GG>K I JH>. =>H >H L=I A=LIH JH I . =G >H >I > I>< JI-I I >HGN.DG. A = WH H=J IHG>JHN G= GLG. =H H> JI>J-N > I= JI L=>= L G =G J>I IHI>H >I =H K > I= G>I JI L I K HG>JH I=JI.

$=J> G J >I > =G IG HN =N,$=J N HN =J =N I IG> GO N=>

(+>H NJG H>I> H J= I=I =>H NH NJ VWI L=I >H >I I=I NJ LI?WW).

I =H I= =N *JG> HIG< >II I=I LH=J KJG I =>K =>H GLGH. H=GIL JHI K H>I>> IG < I= - H I= =N *JG HNH > >GI KGHH. G >N GHH> G LGHH.

>G N H GJJA=W HJ > >JH>< L H>GH G J>G>< G L-G N >N G= I I= JH> I=I JI> LH I= > JH I= LG-HH I= J>IN.

>G N HJHHJ > =>H >HH> G JI> A>KGH>IN N I I= H I G -JH>H H L H -JH> HIJIH. A >K HIJN =G > G>N J IH-=G. I =H = JIJG =G>I= >H >IHH> >>>I .

= >IIJH GJ > G >KGH>IN HGK I>J IHGK I= JIGN > KG>JH >I>H. = >GHI

H >KGH>IN LH I= GN + =G GI >G JHH>, GG GH>I > DG.N = LG H A>-IG>H. = J>KGH>IN =H GJ >JGIGH, GH, I=GH, H>I>HIH, IH, LG>I-GH, JG>HIH, I.

EDUCATIONAL REVOLUTION

= A>G N

A= $= >J I= JH>H > I= J-IGN, GI>JGN > JI= >. = JK>GGJ I= CIGNCGI> AJG JH> EJI> >IN 4I= IG 2006 I>H H LH >IG->: >G N GH I= = (IGJH>) EJI> CG. IH G=H LGHI>H= > >I>H ILH I GGI I= J-I> H I= J>IN. =>H GJH I I JN I HKG >GII >I>H >I= JIGN GG> I= HH G L>.

= 5I= HHH> I= CG LH = IGH > 1901 HI > G>LK KG I=JI=. > I=>G GI=G > I=G GIH I= J-IGN I= JH>H I= GH GH>N LG HIHI> ILGH I= EH= JI>

I=GG I=N LG G => I=>G I=G LJIGN > J> HGK>. L =H>JJ =H>J DL G A>H>G I=CG L>I= I= H= >GN =H GJI >< > I= GI=. 16I=DG 1905 I= GH L=>= LH > M>HI I= LHI KG IG G- H GH--O=GJ . # .AJ= H=> K>H>IA> KIHI=G >H>G N >I GG G JH> H= > AJG I G G>H J>I>H L>I=JI N >HG>>I> L=IHK-G. I LH G>G>N =>H > I GI G NJ<JH>H HI>IJI> G I=>G JI>,JIJG H> KIH.

N JI> >HI>IJI>H J > >

J H GHJI I= A>J. N JH> GHI>H > A >H> FJI>, GJHI, = JI= >EJI> GJHI, = JH> EJI>AHH>I> JI=G >, AJG JH>EJI> >IN, >N> JH>EJI> >IN I. =K N>< KGN>GII G > HI>H=>< >HI>IJI>H >GI>< G JI> I JH>H -JH>H >.

RATIONAL APPROACH

JH>H LG > I= GGI > I= HIGJ I=GH. >G N LH LGG>. LH I= K>LI=I JH>H H=J I H K> H><I= BG>I>H= I I=>G L HI ><>J>< JI> G N LI JH>H I =K G>H=> L>I=I= BG>I>H= > I=N LI I I I=>G J G>JH J>I>H>I>< G I= = IG> =>HHI I K> I= BG>I>H= I=I JH>H LG IHI I=, = GHJ I= JH>H GINI G> I= BG>I>H= I =>K I=>G H= JGH IGK I= >HJGHI>< IL JH>H I= BG>I>H= N LG>I>< IH > "NJ=H >" "CJH >+KI". >G N H I= JH>H =>H I> II GI>>I > >I>H JHH JI> I=N . LH I= K>L I=IJH>H J I HJ > I= > HIG>I>H L>I=JI L>< I= HNHI. LH >K>I- I II I= >GHI HHH> I= > I>C I= GOI> JI =GJH I I I= G. GI II= JI> I= JH> J>IN HJ- > >I. >H >HI>IJI>H HJ= H I= C EJI> CG I>J I>J >IIJH I> I=>H N L> I>JI H > I= NGH I J=>G.

10/20

B( N Jamal An#a"i

AJ $G> G=G 1857 LH >HI > I= =>HIGN > L=I= >H=GH. I LH I= >GHI LG > I=>H NG L=>=> I= I >. AIG I= -H LG, BG>I>H=GH I>->H>< JH>H, H I=N = I=GHH> G I= GKI. JH>J>IN H L= IGH IG> IGH>HI I= BG>I>H=GH. > >JH, I=N> I G I J>G LHIGJI>. HI >< I=JIJG, I=N LI > >HI>. DJ II>I=N ILGH LHIG JI>,I=N -I>H. I LH > HJ= G G> I=I>G N A= $= GO L= JH>H =>HI H K>JG. >> JIHH >G I= H. I= +GI I= EJI> C>HH> 1882,I= L>< >H G GG:

"+H>< I= LGHH I=>G J>IN > JI> GI>JH I >HKG I= GN N JK> NN A= $=,L=H > =H < KI>I I= JH >G JI>, I=NG I=HKH >I H>IN L>I=G>GN JGH HGI>><ILGH I= JI> G N(BG>I>H=) KGI".

= >HH> >G N A= $=JG I= G A> 1869

HI>H= > 1875 L HIH HA> >KGH>IN. FL J-I> >HI>IJI>H =K = HJ= >GII G I N H I=>H G >G N, L= LH I= G N A= $=LH G > >N I D=> IG 17, 1817. >H HIGH LGG GI (AHI) > JG>< I= G>H I=GN JIIJ> LH HH>I L>I=I= CJGI EGG AG ==. >HI=G AO>O-J->H BJH JI N. AIG I=H >H =>H I=G > 1838, => I > J= HI I= L>H=H =>H >N. LH >I "G>H=IG" > I=> GG A> > D=>.AI= >H=G< =>H JI>H >GI HIH I >GI H, =I>J =>H >IGGN JGHJ>IH H. 1840 = LGI =>HIGN JJG I B=JGH== GJG I= I>I "#--#J", AIG I=>JG GKI 1857, = LGIAH--B L=>= LHIGHI N >G AJ CK> C. G= > 1873 JG I=

I>I VCJHH I= > +KIW,1857-58. =>H LH I= , L=>=G BG>I>H=GH I G-I=> G-=GI I=>G HIGI >.CHJIN I= AI 1861 LHHH + GG >G + + DK G> LGI >I CJ>.

A*'%a0& M4#+#2

= >G N LH HI I=O>JG, = J ">I>>

>IN" #JN 9, 1864 H = LHN >IGHI > >IGJ>< H>- EH= JI> I =>H HJ-GHH J>IN. I I= K-I I JI JH> HHH LHHIGI > I= > >G N LIG 1857 JI HI>H=I H>-I>> H>IN LH I= >GH HI I=>K I=>H =G I=I, " HJG I=I I=H>IGHI > >WH L >< L>K I=>G =GIN > I I=>H H>IN."= >G N LH IGHGG I

A>H I= H>IN HK L>I= =>. AI A>G G HGK> HII LI I= J>IN.

BG G>< =>H >HH> =G: "=>H=N L> > JGG>H > JGI. A I= GL V=G >H JI A= = >H >HG=IW L> G JG =H". LH HIG> =>H G=.

HJJ-J-A=, >G N HIGI >H G I= EH= JI>. N 24, 1874, H < =H JK> >J=$= (1834-1908) L>I= JHI 11 HIJ-

IH. = >I L>I=CJII >KGH>IN > 1877. 1886,>G N J I= A >= EJI>CG I HG I= HHH I= G= 27,1998. > I= >< >G N =

G >KGH>IN G => G I= JH>H >. == EJI> CG= >IH HHH> I =G >DG, 1898 GHJI> NG. =G GG>H (1863-1936) A CH=I >KGH>IN IA>H IGJ I I=

H> LN > >I >H L>H >G>>< H. I >H IGN> I=H>-JIJG >HI>I>KHH I=JH>H N H IG>JIGN IG >I= GI> JI>JIJG H>IN> >. I >H H> L>I=JI > N-LN HG>>>< G>HI>".

A>HIH, I>HIH, +>H,I>>HIH CIH GJHH> HGK III>. H>, "IHH I I=I I=>H >HI>IJI> =H I= KI >WH I> >. = LNA>>IH > I= KG>JHLH > L> IG> I=

JH>H > >WH I> >.= LN > JIH >IH ILGHA> IG> G= JG I> > L>J>G > JIJG". #J >KGH>IN =H >I=-JN >GGG I= IG>I> >G, I=HJG JI, I= HIGJG =J>H.A>H G H IGN>H> HIG< > L>I= G HI>JI>

11/20

B( Af)al U#mani

T$!! a! /+ '%* +" !+-

! ca! /+ /$% +, +*!

$+ +' /+ %! a* /$!

+/$! $+ %! /+ +' . S%

Sa%4a %! /+ +'

S'0 S7#" A&+a" K&a

BG : 17I= IG 1817 D=>

D> : 27I= G= 1898, A>N J= JII>,

I=G : AO>OJ >H B : GH B :1836

C=>G : >N >, >N =J

A>.

B> >)

Ha' D'*#0' "a12#-a0a-#-1'7aa1a2 )a Aa1a`

T>G >N LH G=I JI> T (=I=>)

T= G G >N) H>HIH> I= I I=I = LH I= >GHI > JH> L=I I= GH= G>II> H LG G >IWW (>G A )

T>G >N LH GI GGG = LI

I G> G H>I>> I=JI= G>N GI>>HI> >IGGII>H I N II><H> >. LH M>JH I JH= L JI>. LH > LN JN HGI>HI.+IN = =H>O I=I G>JH >G-H H=J =K >I> I> H>>-U.

( #L=G =GJ, FJG G> >>HIG >) T>G >NWH K>H> =>H G>JH GIHI I I= H =H G => =HH N > + = +N >G >N J IGI I=GJIH I=> K>I K>HJ>O I= I>WH HI>>H. =N G>K I=I I= HI = >IH G>IH >IH HLG KJ JI >I LH I= JIJG I=I H>INLH J I L>I=. G N =G >N G =>H K>H> JGI=HI HIGJI>H I= G I= G>H I= HU

(G. G $JG JG, FGG G> >>HIG >).

T F3"#0

>G N A= $=, I= G=>IIH -G > LH G IG 17, 1817 > D=> HIGI =>H GG H >K> HGKI.

= 1857 GKI LH I= IJG>< >IH N A=WH >. GN GHL I= >G-I>K G I= JH>H I J>G G>>N >I= EH= I=J>IN LG I >I> >IH H> >I>>I>IN, GI>JGN > GI=G >.

LH I=H GN >GH L= GOI= G>I> G JI> G I= LGI I= G LG JH> J>IN. G I= LNH >G N LH I= GGGH J>G G >. JH> >KGH>IN N HIGI><KG>JH H=H. >HI>IJI >I>> >IN >1863 I GI H>I>> IGI < I=JH>H I I= HIG L- I >H > I=>G L > >INLH HIGI > G= 1866 HJ > IGH-G>< I= >H > I= IG>I> JH>>IN. AN L>I= KGI-I LJ =K > I= HIG<

H>I> JI >G N GH N G>< JII=G JG V=O>J A=W L=>= LH G> EH= H V= >+GGW.

1875, >G N J I= GHIJ >A>I>H I=I = K>H>I IG> I > 1869. >H I>K LH IJ> IJ L>I= I= BG>I>H= JI>HNHI JI L>I=JI G>H>< >IH H> K-JH. LI I=>H C = JN G>I I= JGGI>< >HIGJI> H HIG G>K>JH I I= KJ G>I G->< LI I GHGK IGH>I I HIG->IN I= G>= G = HGK I=I TI= G G NH>HIH > I= I I=I = LH I= >GHI >

JH> L= I I= GH= G>II> H LG G >I--- =>H HH>I>K IJG LHI= >GHI I GI I G >G N LH I GN GHIG>I IHI>H=>< < ILG JH> >HI>IJ-I>H I=GJ K>L I=>H, = >HI>IJI A> JH> EJI> CG > 1886 I=IGK>K I= H>G>I JH>H I I> K. =A>KI I= JH>H I = JG JI> >HI>IJI>H. I LHI= >GHI >IH > HJ= JH> > >,L=>= L I= JH>H G I=>G HJG >JH H> >I> LGHH< I=.

IG>JI J= I I= KI I=

G H>IN I= HJI>I. DJG>< >GNWH L > I>, V= EH=W, GLBG>I>H= I= 19I= IJGN GG > I KG 17, 1885: V>G NWH > THIG>->JHIGI I= HI =HH G=>HIGNU. > G= 27, 1898 >H JG>MI I I= > HJ I A.

A A0!&'2#!2 $ M"#0 I"'a

>HIGN H> JI> GGH > >HJ-I>I I I L>I=JI >G>N A= $=. >H I= G,=>H=G GKJI>G>H L= = >I=>H I > G =>H I> H>N G =>HJ>IN. >II= IJGN LH =G I> GI= I> > H>N G JH>H > I=IGI= 1857 GKI HI BG>I>H= >>H.>G >N IG> I>KI > JH>. I= =>HIGN >WH IGH>I> G >K>HI G>H, >G >N HI JI G>IN H N> G >II HI HGKI>H, HJG-HI>I>H, >GI> >JIN I= HHI> IH I I= KI G > K I= I>> II>IJ > L=>= >H H> J GKI, I= IG> >IIJ. >G>N H> : AIG I= +KI 1857, LH K>I=G JI I= JG N =JH G JI I= HH GGIN I=I = HJ-G. =I H N =GI LH I= >HGN HIGJI> . = G. =HGG I I= J #=, L=>= G>-N HI>H= >N >N, N> J GI G I= GJH, H GLG N HGK>H, N =GI LH

N =JGI. H> I NH, =L I I=>H G I= JG L=> I= G > >HIGHH. GJH I I >I.

>G >N LH G 17I= IG 1817 > D=>> GHI >N >N =JII> & AO>OJ >H BG >N J *H> IL> (FJG DGJ-, D) HIJ> I > D=>. >G>N HIJ> I=I>H, >G =>H J, >N >J A>. H HIJ-> AG> >IGIJG, HG--*JG, >I=, F>= G J =HJHJ= (H/ J

== +>J> D=L> ), J LO>H= A> J F>OJ H =GJG>. 1836 >G

>N I GH B (G > 1849) =(G > 1850) J. >H GGI=G >N J= HIGI LN LH-G > 1837 JI K =>H NJN A= (H L H >N > =>H NJI=), I= LHG >NJ-A=G . AIG>N J=WH I= > 1845, >G >NA= HIGI < >NJ-A=G.

>G >N LH >J-JH>>IN. AGHH>< >< : T >JH JH>H ! DNJ ? DWINJ >K I=>H H> G NJ I JG> JG >IG GI >IH =IH ? NJ >K > I=>H, I= G > >, I=I >JH JH>H>H JI G>JH LG; I= >JH, JH>H

C=G>HI>H L= >K > I=>H JIGN G I>.UFa2 $ A*'%a0& +4#+#2

=>H HI GHI >GII JI> -IG G > JH>H LH >>I>N J H= AI C 1875 N >G >N A= $= HJ-HJIN G>H I I= HIIJH A>>KGH>IN (A) > 1920. A>>KGH>IN (A), L G H KII= > >HI>IJI> >H I= HI>GII =IGH > =>HIGN H G H I=H>J-JH> GI> >H G.>G >N H>: T=>H >H I= >GHI I> > I= =>HIGN =H >, I=I IG I I= =G>IN G K G>< >>K>-J, G I I= H>< IG L>H=H I= J>I GIH

L= J>IN. I =H >IH L G> > JGHL=>= I= =>HIGN I=>H JIN =H KG L>I-HH G. I >H H G>>H IGI> G G > I= H I= HI.U >G >NW JH H= L=>= = L=> JI> A CL N G NII 18I= #JGN, 1877 >H I=HJ A>G >N H>: TGI= H L=>= L HL IN, I=G N HG>< J > I=H I=N I= H>, H= > I=>G IJG HIG> >GGIH >I I= GI=, I=HKH H GI= L K>

12/20

IWH >HI> I=I >G >N A>H I>-G>I HIJ>H (H> EHIG HIJ>H) A C GI>GN KI I JIG I= G>JHH=, DGJ- D, HIGI N J*H> IK> (I=G HIJI >G >NWHI=G J A> IK>). I >G>N = GG K>H> = JI GLGI= I= =JG I L>I= I= -

G JI> I >GK I= H> >>I>H JH>H >. KG >HJG- I= >GI G>JH G>-I HIJ>H. BN =>H >>K>J H L>I= I== JH> EJI> CG, = LNHIG> I G>O I= GHH, JI I=>G HN-JH H G I= I= =JG.

>G >N LGI I JI I=H I=>=OJ-=. >G >NWH JI> K>H>=H IL HIG< >IH;

A"2' $ M"#0 #"3!a2'

M0a* E"3!a2'

FG I= >I= I= K =>H=N.G>NI I= HIJIH >K>< > HIH LG GI I= JI>H G>> G JI>, >G >N GI H>I> O>--D>>NI G A C G H> G J-I> I= HIJIH. DGH--*JG LH GI JG-G>JJ I= < G I=HIGI I= HH, A =>> > JH I KDGH--*JG G JI = =JG G 1887 I 1895 IG I= GHH>>>IN LH = KG IJ AJ= AHG>, I= JG O>--D>>NI. >G >N GI= =>H HI JN,27I= G= 1898. = JG I

N, 28I= G= 1898. = #O= GNGHLG G > I= G>I > N I= JGO>--D>>NI, J AJ= AHG> (H> L J *H> IL> G >NWH I=G J A>). =

JG> I > C.J AI JHH> >- LG>IG >G >NWH>G >NWH I=, >I LH I N N LGHJI H N I>H I=I I= GK I=>G K GHI G =>H =>H. AHI I ,H JH> >KGH>IN. = KI HG KG> G HIGI G>H>< NG >G >NWH >HI G>.. EK > EH N G I= JH> >KGH>IN. LG HJGG>H I H I= >IGHI EH= I=>G GIH I I N I J-> I= G >G >N I A C >KGH>IN. =G >H HN>< I=I

>H > N IG. FG L= IG >H >J =H I= HJG >IH H= I=NI >IH GJ>IH, L= >I L>I=GH, >IHL >H JI I N JHH. >G >N LH HJ= G> I I= JH>H. = = LH >K, =JG G I= L>I= =>H N, =>H LGH, =>H =>H N. = = > = I I= GN =>H K LG >G>I I=>G =GIH H I=II=N >H = =H >. T

12SPECIAL ISSUE Muslim Mirror FEBRUARY-2014

B( A#if Jah

= GKI 1857 HI BG>I>H=GK I >HHIGJH G >JH>H I I=I I>.= BG>I>H= =HI >K I=I I= JH>H LGGHH> G I= JG>H>< HII=, I=GG I=N I= I=HJI GJI=HH J>H=IH G>HH KI>H= =LNH H>G JH> H I=>GJG N JH I=N =I LG G I=. >I= I=G> 1857, I=>H >< LH>IH>> KGN III LH I GJ> HJGHH I=JH>H.

AIG >H< I= JH> GJGHG I= I=G, I= L GJGH, I=BG>I>H=GH, >I L J-I> >N L>I= GHI> =N AG>, GH> G>JH JI> > H=H EH= I N I= >J >HIGJI> JI H I= >> -H HL K II>IJ HILGH KGNI=>< G LHIG, >H>>I> I JH I= GIJ>I>H K>JG I= L G.

>< I=>H IH=G H>G HN, >GN A= $=

(1817R98)J= =>H IIIH IGK>K I= H>G>I GI=> I=JH> J>IN >. LHK> I=I I= JH>H > I=>GIII I G I G>O I= I I=I >= IG KGN >GII =H >IH M>HI, >.., G H> G>O I=I GIN G I= BG>I>H= LHH G G> I= >KI =>H KI G G I= > JH>H. IG> I IGH-G I= JH> JI G >K I G .

AIG NH>H >G N HIGIA> 1864 IG HI>H= J= AI = (. A. .), A>1875. IJ I= IIG EH=J> H=H, A LH IG G>H

I I= K 1877 J>-KGH>IN > 1920.

>G NWH K>H> >H H IGJ > GHIIMI H L N G GJIJG G JH>H. >II =H H J= G I , H>-G>< I= KHI JI> J>-IN >IH LGHH > IGH JI> H> HIGJIJG. JG K>H>G>H L= JI > I=>G =G GI I G><JH> J>IN I G L>I=I=GHI>H I= H>IN.> L> N K I> > I=HI>H I= H>IN GII =H JI GLG I NH>H JI I= >JH> L>I= "HII>HI> GGIH"H >GI> G >G>INC>HH>, >GI HII IH H.

= G >>< =G >H I=I I=GI >IGN < JH>H >H KGNJ= L I= I= I> KG-G>< I= >>< J HKG HIH II I >II I=JH=-I A>>KGH>INWHIGH >H G HI.F>GHI >G>IN A>GH >>HIG GA +AIJN > A 1 = 5>G>IN J>KGH>I>H GHH I= J-IGN, L >J I=I. A JG H=GH I= GHI > C=G AI. . G > == >KI=I H= I=H IGH HJ-G>IN >KGH>I>H .A AJ> > > G I= >J JH> -J>I>H=K G G I N II >G NWH K>H> GLG. =G>H I GGO A> GHI IMI H I=IJIJG JG JGK JIGN >H HJG.

& " * M&#&, A*" M* !*&* C. E"*:"*'+"2000@"*.$

Aligarh Movement

Pa-, P-( a(dI- F// P)-*c-!) M/-&$'-

13/20

B( S(ed Z%bai" Ahmad

8I= DG 2012, LI I II >G ND>G > L D=> HIGN GJH>>GGG.. = >HJHH >I L>I= N I NJ G G LHH=J I = 17I= IG, I= >GI=-N >G N A= $= I=N G < IGI >I 8I= DG.U G I= >.

= H > GG A NHN > D=> JI I= < N > =>< I=D>G, = G>: V=W ( ABA -D=> > GG) LH HJH I G LH HI G . IG I L I=I I= GI>JGV=W JWI I=G.

= KGN MI N >J>G G A>< G>== $= > > = II I= >G ND>G HI >G, >G L=G J KG I=G G I= >H=H,U I I= GN. ==> LH G GJ A>HI=G LH GHHG I I= J>KGH>IN.

=I = > 2013 LH K LGH! = >GN D>G LH I GO JH IL G-HH. DJ I J H I= >-

IH L= HI I= I>H NH HH>I> D=> =IG LI I JGI H>< HIN GG I= GHJI I= I> JH VG>I= I>W.

= >J KIH HI IL NGH -G>< >G N D>G H=L =L L A>H=K H-IG - JHI I= H>I JG>G N L= LH HNNJH I HG>>.

>G N LH GH L= HG>> =>H GG, =>HNJI=, =>H >N, > I =>H L= > G I= I-IGI JH>H. . BJI I=H I=>. GG> =>H >HH> L>I=-JI JH. F>N = > > I=I> >I>N G I= JIJG I= L JH>H. =>H >H I= HIGN GH L= LA>H I H JG >. =G >H =GN NH>>G>IN IL I= G N =>H -LGH -L I= A>H.

JG>< N HIN I A NGH G>>I>> DG. FGJ AJ= LH >K>I H

=> G N DN, LH HIJ N I=K>H> A HIJIH. = FGJ AJ=,JH>< =>H GIGN II, H=JI TJH>H WI GHGKI>U I= L= $N LHGHJ>< L>I= >G A> H>CJIJG CIG > L D=>. DJG>< I= KGH-I> = H>: T=N GWI I= > GGHI>< GNJ?U LH I>< JI I= GGHI JH>

NJI=H > I= IGGG. +IN L= I => = H I I=>H >HHJ.=G >H I= K>H> >G N?

LNH IN, L=N L WI I MG I= > >G N. HI>H= JG LJ>KGH>I>H > KGN HII GK> L >. G >KGH>IN, IKGH>IN,B.. AJG += >KGH>IN N I=GHLG HI>H= L>I= I= GIH H >>K>J-H. +IN NJ< A> HI>H= J>-KGH>IN ->KGH>IN > = ><

CA G A. L A>H L I=K>H> HG>> >G N, I= > JH>J>IN LJ I =K I= > JI>.

GJH= I J DE .. D>G, L=NWI L H=L I= H H I I JG G>IN I >GHH J>GH, L=N WIL H=L I= H JGIN?

N VW H>G HHH >G N = J>IN > I= HJ-I>I, JII=JHH A>H L= G KGN NG I I= HJHHGH >G N JWI NI=><GG G I= JH> J>IN JG>< HI IJGN. >G N HI>H= - >HI>IJI> I =>H L, JI I=JHH

A>H > I H IH>GN >G N JHI I GHI>< > IH>< =>H L GJIH L= WI LI I HG>> L= WI =K K>H>.

= I> =H I H> >G N, G>HK G JG IIN H>H= >IGHI II= J>>H= G >G N, I=GL>H I=>< L> H= JH.

=G G IL HHH > I= > >G N R K>H> HG>>. BJI JGIJIN I= G>IN A>H KG IGN I G G I= > >GN. =IWH L=N HN GJ >G N JII GJ A>.


I a'*,)/d )!S$, S2db/. (). a*,)/d A&$-

"a,$a(

O*4 6+*! %*c!! a* !"! S% S4! c$a*#! /$! "a/! +"

M0% c+0*%/4 %* /$! 0b-c+*/%*!*/, b0/ /$+0a* +" A%-

#a%a* $+ !ca! !!4 4!a /+ b! /$! 0cc!+ +" S% S4!

c+0*/ + a*4/$%*# !a'ab! "+ /$! M0% c+0*%/4

0%*# a/ +*! c!*/04. S% S4! !/ab%$! a #!a/ !0ca/%+*a

%*/%/0/%+* a/ $% +*, b0/ /$+0a* +" A%#a%a* "a%! /+ +

+ a/+#!/$!. T$! +0 +" %%+*a4 S% S4! 0/ *+/ b! !/%*#

%* !ac! a/ !!%*# $% +* +0c/ $+ +*/ a*/ /+ ac%"%c!

a* $+ +*/ $a! %%+*.

D/:+7/8> 90 C2373=>

14/20

D". Raha$ Ab"a"

= >HH> >G N A= $=, HN JH> G>HH > > LH I N I HI>H= JI> >HI>IJI> I A>H K>H> LHI=I I=>H >HI>IJI> H I= IG H>I> <JH>H N GK>>< I= GH=> > JI>IIGH JH> >HI>IJI>H G >>I L>I=I=>H. I >H G N >H>O L>I= I= HI>H=I A> >KGH>INWH IGH > JGH=> (HIBII IJG III> I I= =GI >I HI>H=I L IGH A.

FGJGN 8, 1873 L=> GHH><

= AI CII, >G NWH >JHIG>JH H, #JHI> N= HJ>II I= GH A> >KGH>IN HJIN>H= H=H > I= >KGH>IN IL THL=GU.N>< I= JI> HI = AI CG N H>G G NII I=I TG H L=>= L HLI=G N HG>< J > I=H BN I= H>, H= > I=>G IJG HIG>G GIH >I GI= I=HKH H GI= L K>H I >KGH>IN L=H HH H= < I= I= KGG G G

+> I A C 1884, I= JG I= -G N H> I=I TI= > >H I MI>< I=HH=H I H I=G I= A>H >G N A= $= > 1898, >GN G> FJ LH GI > >GI GIH JIGN I= GI G I= HI>H=I JH> >KGH>IN LH H J. A I= GHH HH->I L>I= I=>H KI LI JH> >HI>IJ-I>H > I >>I I I= JH> >KGH>IN.

DG. >G >J>, L=> GHI>< I= > I=JH> >KGH>IN I =G HHH> A >JH> EJI> CG > 1898, >HJHH IKGH>IN =H>O I=>GI I= G>>I>< < HI =, JK> +>J> H L I= GH JH> >KGH>IN > BG>I>H= G>>V>II= CIJGNW. II I L> >IH

JG>H>I> I JH>H L= >K > I= BG>I>H=E>G G >>I> KGH>IN.=G B, I= G>> . A. . C >KGH>IN H=J =KI= LG I >>I JH> HI>IJI>H HG KG I= JIGN. 1903, L=> GHH>< I= JHHH> A > JH> EJI> CG,>G AKG KGN >GHH>K H= >KJG CIG JH> >KGH>IN I I= J>HHH>. LI I=>H >KGH>IN I K I=LG I >>I GGI =>K I= H=>< CIG JH>>KGH>IN.

AG> 17, 1911, H> I LH GO >I= L J>>< IJIHW > > L=>= >>-I> JH> >HI>IJI>H LH =H>O. =H NG > KG, I= GI HI>IJI> I=GH JH> >KGH>IN LH HJ>II I N I= KGI > L>I= I= G-

I> I=I I= LG >>I> J JH >I, > GGN IG.= BG>I>H= KGI LH KGN G=H>K I=I >I= JH> >KGH>IN, JH>H >>I> IJG, G I= HIJIH A>IN I>K > I= G HIGJ> H> >I G> I= KGN HI>GH >KGH>IN HJ.

DG 17, 1920, A AI >I G I= >KGH>IN LH G>II I HI>H= >-I> >IG>I I LGH >>I>< I= A>HIG>I LG K.

1968, I= B< C>II GH I I=KGI > I=I A> >KGH>INN H= >HI>IJI>H => GHG= JIH> I= >KGH>IN -JH. IG 17, 2002, C=> >>HIG =NGH=, G. D>N > GHH>< I= >GNWH >GI= >KGHGN GI> J IGK> G G HII>< J CIG I=A> >KGH>IN G H>>G >G>IN J-I> >HI>IJI> > =N GH= H>H I->< GG GJH.

AIG I= JI =N GH= C=>>>HIG, I= =G> LO FJI> >K>I I=A> >KGH>IN > C=G, G.H> A= I JI> GO > B=

#JN 21, 2003. #JN 24, 2004, I= =G> LOFJI> GHI GJ I I= >>>HIG J +HJG DKI, G. AGJ>< G I= HI>H=I IG A> >KGH>IN > B=. +D G-LG I= GH I C G I>.= >KGH>IN GIHW C>HH> #JGN 28,2005 >G =G> LO FJI> I=I I=A> >KGH>IN =H H I HJ>I I> GH > I=>H G A I GHJI> HH N I=VI> >IG>< >II G >G>I>H J-I>W = #JN 11-12,2006 >>I>< I=I A>II I I=G JH.

I= I>, I= C=> >>HIG HI B BJ= B=II=G LGI IIG I I=G> >>HIG, G. = >< G HI>H=I I= A> >KGH>IN IG > JGH=>. +DGLG I= IIG I A HJ IGH I> 12(2) I=A AI. +D GJHI I= >KGH>IN I=II= GH GK N I= GG>I >H I= >KGH>IN G I= >>HIGN J GHH I=GJHI G I>>< HHGN HI> I I= K>H>IG.

KG 21, 2007, I= EJI> >>HIG $G, G. . A. BN I I= > >>HIG IIG +D, G. . A. A. FI> GJHI I HI->H= A> >KGH>IN JH IJG. EG>G I I=>H, L=> GHH>< ACJGI, I= M N I= >KGH>IN #JGN 21,2007, I= GG > C=G A>>KGH>IN, G. >N> > HJH= L >KGH>I>H> > I I I= JI> I= >G>I>HG A> >KGH>IN H=J L IHIGI >IH JHH I=GJH, IG I>< I= GHH>>->I>H > C=G A> >KGH>IN #J 11, 2007, JH I= GJ K-I I= >KGH>IN I J> >G NWH GH. DG 2, 2007 I I= I>< >KGH>IN CJGI,DG. = AH> $= K GHJI> I=I I=>KGH>IN H=J HI>H= > IGH > GI=,JI=, EHI LHI KG>< >GI GH JGHI> 12(2) A AI. = HJG <N I= >KGH>IN GK I= GHJI>.

= GH I HI>H= >K IGH I $I>=G(B>=G), J (=GH=IG), JG ($G),JGH=> (HI BK CJ> > >IHI>< #JGN 17, 2008 L=>= LH J>JHNGK. IG, I= GH G $I>=G LH =H= >>HIG

B>=G. = A> CJ> I= >KGH>INGH I= K GHJI> I HI>H= I= IGH JI=G>O I= > C=G I I HHGNL J I>H. LH H JG>I>I>K> I= IMI I= I K I A N I=G>I TI GI H>N I= JI> JIJG KI I= JH>H >U.

G>< I= >H> I= EC, AC I=>KGH>IN CJGI I= >KGH>IN, I= >C=G, G. . $. AJ AO>H HJ>II GH- I I= G I= THI>H=I L >K IGH A > I= JH> >IJI>N LG JG K GH >W. = GH GGHI I= >I>I>KH A > I= IMI =G C>II FI> C>II GGIH.A > C=G H LGI IIG I I= C=>>>HIGH >K HIIH GJHI>< I= I GK>250-400 GH G G JGH G HI I I= >KGH>IN G I= HI>H=I A CIGH. = $G, HI B=G I>KN HHJG I=>KGH>IN I=>G FJ CGI> > I= HI>H=-I >IH CIGH.

= A> >KGH>IN = HJ>II I> GH I I= KGI > GHI>H=I A CIGH < L>I= HI>I M>IJG FGJGN 13, 2008. +H>< IAWH GH I= CIG KGI I +H.25 CGG = G I= HI>H=I JG($G) JGH=> (JGH=>) IGH >>IH 2009-2010 J JI > >=G >IN H I= >H>IG I= >KGH>IN GK>H>-N G GK G I= HI>H=I I=HIGH JG I> 12(2) I= >KGH>IN AI.

= >G N A= $= HI>H= . A. .C 1877, >IH G LH N 78 GH JIL >I =H G= I I=JH GH L>I= I=>I> H>M =JG GH K N I=$G HI BIN =H I >< > I=>H >GI>. NI= GJIH >G NWH >HI>IJI> G HG KG92 JIG>H G=H I=>H >H I= N >KGH>IN > L=H HIJIH G J > KGN GI I=LG. >G N LH I= >GHI JH> H> GGGL= M=GI JH>H I G JI> = I= JI I= H=I I=H IL IGH H=J -H>G H JH =IG > I= =>HIGN A> >KGH>IN. =H IGH LJ K LN G JI> GKJI> < JH>H I=>HI>IJI> H>G HN JH>HW IH G I>K>IN. IH IGH LJ HI>H= > I=G HIIH H L L= I=>KGH>IN LJ GO>< >IH IGN G-I>H > 2020, L JH> >KGH>I>H LJ I->< >GI= G I= A> >KGH>IN.


T# N1 C(.,- )! A&$"a,# M/-&$' U($0,-$.2

A Beginning of ResurgenceAMU V%c! C$a*c!((+- 2!(c+)%*# /$! P-!

%!*/ +" I*%a S$-% M0'$!-&!! a/ AMU M0-

$%aba C!*/-!.

M. S+*%a Ga*$% a/ /$! "+0*a/%+* /+*!

a4%*# c!!+*4 +" AMU K%$a*#a*& C!*/!.

E3. AMU V%c! C$a*c!+ PK Ab0 A5% a*

U*%+* M%*%/! +" /a/! "+ HRD E A$a! a/

AMU C!*/!, Maa0a


15/20


B( D" Shakeel Samdani

I >H L JI =>HIGN I=I >G N A= $= =>H HH>IH= HI>H= = AI CKGH>IN (A) I JI>NLG > JH>H. BJI I= A C JI>>HI>IJI> I= JG H > I KG L>H= >I H . A CGHI GH>I> >HI>IJI> I= >H I= CG>KGH>I>H I= I >IH >>I I=I I= JG, >G N = > >I K >I >I J-KGH>IN, I= I L=>= = > I => JIGJ HKG I>H > =>H H=H LG>I>H I=G IG I HH>I L>I= A CH=I I= A CG NH >HH> JGN L H I="A> GKJI>" > HH>KLN. =I L> I= G>HI> JGH G L>H=.

= JI=G >H FJIN L, A, A>I, >G NALGHH FGJ. E>: GH=H>@., . 9412673691

M$--$)( )!

S$ S2dd0$adM$d1a2

The Tomb of Sir S"ed Ahmed Khan

16/20


T#62 $ 2 L#22#0

DG A>H=GH

A >G>I>HAHH J A>J L +==

MIGN > I >G NJI=I B#, + IH >CI>K EGIH N GH.=> G. +=J =>ILGH JI> J>II > JH>H I=GJ $G, B B>=G.

I >H IIG I I> =G I=I JI90% HIJIH HIJN>< >GHH> CJGHH I AWH IJNCIGH > B, $G I G JH>HL=GH I=>H %HW % JH I A>HJI 55.

=G =K HKG H>HL= =H EIH (+, , B#I) I=HKH H I=GJG I GI HN HIH > I= HI>H=I AWH IJN CIGH. A JG >I GIHIH N B#, +, IHI AWH IJN CIGH >B>=G, B $G G GG.

J= IH H > HKG G>II>I>H > >GI >H=I JG IJN CIGH JI A=J>=,IGJI= GK> IJN CIGH I= +EA I I =

>G NWH G JI> IJH>H I=G JGG>K>G JH G>,I=>H I> >H I>GN >GI => H H I =K GN I I=>G (B#, +, EIH> CJH H>< JH>H G H> H I=NJ I HJ > I=>G IIHHI JH G GI. I >H JN > #L>H= IJG.

=N IG> I JH>H NG>H> >G>IN>KGH>I>H L I=H IJI >II H JG I=

=>GH=> G. =GI I JH>H JGI=G. A HJIN,JG W C . =J JG>< G I> $G, B B>=G G G>IN>KGH>I>H H=GIN. EKGNN LH=>H N =>H I>NFG AHHGI>H JG>< HKG>> H L H >> I> A>. G G- I>< EC JI = LH

I I G>< I=>H T+GU. LKG, L I=G -GH >IGK H>I>KN I=

IIG LH HI., < L>I= H I=G GH EC, AC I I => > =>H > G>-KIN I L I= H>H +I> =>H G JII KGI AWH IJN CIGH >II >G>IN >KGH>I>H.

LG H= I >HI L =>H GN. I I= TGN INU I=I = ( ==)>H I>G GJ>< I= AWH IJNCIGH > $G, B B>=G H, LI I =KG I= I KI.L= L> I= >G>IN>KGH>I>H.

G -

HI>IJI> GK>H>, TKI >G>IN >KGH>INU, JIJGIJIN, > K>. A = I HHGI>< GIN I=I T=HAWH IJN CIGH L> >G>IN >KGH>I>HU. GIJG =HH, =HH =HH I G>O N I=I . =>H JG HKG GHHJG G I=K +, B# -IH > CJI I=>I>K I AWHIJN CIGH I= JI> JH>H >.

MI N, >HJHH I=>H GNGII EMIGN H>I>KIIG, L>I= H G>I IH CHI>IJI> EMGIH >D=> I=N = I= >>I=I TKI. >G>IN>KGH>INU. A >HI>IJI> (J>KGH>-IN) >G>IN N N L= >I >H HI>H= N >G>-IN J>IN.

G. =GI >II H GII= >/GH KI. I HI->H= >G>IN >KGH>I>H HI LN. =JH, >I K>IN -J I=I >I >H -H>GN T EIH B#,+, I > CH G> JI>-N LGH H H I LGH> GHIH.

=GG, I=N G GHHJG>O>< == (C) I =KG I= 3AWH IJN CIGH > 3 >GIHIIH I KI. > I= I >KGH>I>H > >G>INCIGI +(H). (A +GI >= >J, N 28) HH I -I> =G I=I A>HH> >N H= > N KI. I=H IJNCIGH G I KG N KI. >IL> I= H H >H I=I H>>KGH>IN (A) G BGIJ=>KGH>IN () >.. 1% G M>-

J 2% JH>H > >GIGHH>/=> CJGHH >

GHI 90% I >K.WH IJNCIGH. JG HIJIH NHI= I JG IJN CIGH GH >M>< L>I= JH>H L=G KGN G JG %HG>I>< >G NWHCJIJG, >HH> >H> I I=>HKGN G JI>.

KI.WH ENI >N GJH>H >H 1% G M>J 2%L=GH JG IJN CIGH, GIJI-N =K HI 100% JH> N-H.

DG A>, I=H GI= > I= G GHH L=N

+, B#, IH > C KI. LI I IKG AWHIJN CIGH.

=GG, IWH J>I >H >IN H H I

(1) +EE/CEC$ CAF+CE F+ A$ AA+ D CE+E B,BA+ $E+AA E AEF DEEDE CE+A -E+E + CCE-+AED D+C/+E H,

(2) I JH DEFED + BEEDDE++EED C-WH E+E > GHI ()

EJI> () ENI.(3) DEFED +EA F +D CE+E > B, B>=G $G L>I= A A>K(H) >G NWH >HH> >H> G K>IN II>.

=JH, GJHI NJ L>I= FH HI JN I HLG>I I GH. =>, G.=>, +D >>HIG, >G>INA>GH >>HIG G> >>HIGI I N L>I= HI>IH H =HH > JH>CJ>IN L=>= =H NI I GH> N B#, +, I HJ=EIH > CIH.

R&"% "% D"" K" "*#

D. M%. A*' K",B. C. (H) 1985

A$*"& P'&, C&$& D&., AM!. A*"

E&$&% M&#&, E&$*& C$*, AM! A*"

N"*" P&*%&, A I%*"B"$"%, SC/S "% M***&

A$*"*, N& D&*.

C&-09045765040, 09837045017

M/&$' Ed/ca.$)( a(d Sa!!,)(

E&'(. )! C)(",: A L.., !,)' AMU !ac/&.2A B!+ % a !//! "+ a "ac0/4 +" A%#a$ M0% U*%!%/4 +! /$! +! +" /$! c!*/a #+!*!*/ /+

*a/c$ /$!! +""-ca0 c!*/! "+ AMU. T$! %/! $+ % a+ !b! +" E3!c0/%! C+0*c% +" AMU

a4 /$! a""+* !!!*/ +" C+*#! $a! *!! b!!* $+*!/ "+ /$! +#! a* !!+!*/ +" /$!

M0% c+0*%/4. T$! !c!*/ +! /++ $a c+! "+ /$+! !!!*/. C+0/!4 M0%M%+.c+

17/20

B( D". M. I!$eda" H%#ain Fa"!i

TQ I= G GN) H>HIH > I= I I=I = LHI= >GHI > JH> L= I I= GH= G>II> H LG G >IWW >G

>G N LH GI GGG = LI I G> G H>-I>> I=JI= G> N GI>->HI> >IGGII>H I N II->< H> >. LH M>JH I

JH= L JI>. LH > LN JN HGI>HI.+IN = =H>O I=I G>-JH >GH H=J =K >I> I> H>>.

I #L=G =GJ

T>G NWH K>H> =>H G>JHGIH I I I= H =-H G => =HH N >+ = +N >G N JIGI I=GJIH I=> K> IK>HJ>O I= I>WH HI>>H. =NG>K I=I I= HI = >IHG>IH >IH H LG KJJI >I LH I= JIJG I=I H>IN LH

J I L>I=. G N =G N G

=>H K>H> JGI=HI HIGJI>H I= G I= G>H I= HU

G. G $JG JG,

V'1' $ S'0 S7#"

RTH ( A I> L I=H I= N HJI> GI= GH JH>H.U

TC N L=IKG H NJ >. L> I H NJ G N HKI>.BJI H I >IN NJG =>G.D HI=>< G I= (H I= II= H=), HI NJ H=J =K IGIU (N I H>< I=)

T L> G> =J>>I GI > L I G H>I>> >)

TI G> JHHH G>IJH.=H G>IJH =>G =JGI> I I= GI (>I=).U

T= >GHI GJ>H>I G I= G >H I= GI=G= J>IN

H I= H>INU.TH I= > JGH I=>H H I >GI G JI>I JH>H L= G HJG>< JH >I JI I=>H >HI>IJI> >H G, >JH JH>H >. BI= I= JI>.U

T (>JH JH>H) I I=H G, G> LIG G I= HG>KGH GI= I= H >G. AH IIG I >JH JH>HG I= IL NH I= JI>J G>I=I >H >JHI. HH N

I= L> H> I= JIN I= G> (J=)U.

T (>JH JH>) =KKK L H=J -

L I= M NJ< L EJH-N JH-IG> KI I=>G JIGNU(DJG>< I= HIN >G N >E HIJ>H HJIH KJ.U

TI>= (>KI>, G->IGGII>L>I= I= =H) >H I= I= =JG. >K J I> T(N>< L>< KJH).

TD I H=L I= H I I=-GH; >HI H=L NJG H I= -LG IGJ H GGHI>< =G-IG, LIN.UT H=J I (N G>>< >>IGI) IG>H= I= >HIGH. G>< G I=>G LG>H >H.U

T+G I=I I= LGH >J JH> G N I G G>-JH >HI>I>: I=GL>H G-HH L= GH> > I=>H JIGN.U

L'$# $ S'0 S7#" A&+a" K&a

P BG IG 17, 1817 > D=>.P 1847-AJI=G I= JH G=-

HIG>, TAHGJH

.UP 1864 -HI>IJI >I>> >IN.P 1866 -A>IJI OII,

GI>> >IN.P 1870 RIGI T=O>J A=U

G G< G >H IJH> CJ>IN.

P 1875 - EHI>H= = I A>- A C, L=>= A>>KGH>IN > 1920

P 1888- LH $>K GGN D G

E>JGKGH>IN.P D> G= 27, 1898= HJG >IGHI NWH >LH JI> R > >IH L>HI HH.>G N LI I GI H>I>>IGI < I= JH>H > I I= HIG L- K> I I=. => I= JH G J-I> I I> L= I= >H> JH>H > G-I>JG H>G >I H> I I=I I I=GJ< I= >H> I= IG>I> JH> >IN. I= IG>I>>HIH GI=-M JH>H H => I I=MII I=I I=N =>, J=>(AI=>HI ), $>G I. AN L>I= G K >II LJ =K > I= HIG< -H>I> JI >G N GH N

G>< JI I=G JGV=O>J A=W L=>= >JH>< L H>GH G J>G>< -G L I JH> H> >I>- I=JI= =>H HG= G HJI> I I= J>IN'H -LGHH, = I>J LG>I>< GKG>JH JHH H L>I=JI GJ->H HI N G>.

>G N >N G= I I= J-H> I=I JI> LH I=> JH I= LGHH I=J>IN. >I= I= H, >GN HJHHJ > =>H >HH> G JI> A>IN. >G N> HJGI G GHH HI> I= H>IN. AGHI 120 L= H G I= HIGJI> = BJ>>< LG HKG >JH> C=J=GN =G >K G>> I=GH. =>GH HI> GI I= BJ>> >KGH>IN.

=>H A> >KGH>IN G-J >IIJH > G KG>JH>I>H. I >H IG>JI I >G NI=I I= >GHI KGH>IN LH I= -GN + =G GI >GJH> DG. N =, I=GJIH A>H I= JIGN.

>G N LI A C =JN G>I I= JGGI>< >HIGJI>H HIG G>K>JH I= KJ G>IG>< LI I GHGK

IGH>I I HIG>IN I= G>= I > IL I= IL.= CH>- >I GH G >G N LH I GNGHIG>I I HI>H=>< < ILG JH> >HI>IJ-I>H I=GJHI>IJI A > JH>EJI> CG. =>HCG I>KI I= JH>H I= JG JI>>HI>IJI>H > >.

N JH>H < => > LH > . = > GH GI=>G HGGN HIIJH >H I=>G LG-HH > G JI>. N I=>H> >G N = I=JH>H I JI G I= GHIH>IJI>.

I >H => I=I L G>O I= H-HG N I= H>G>I =>I= A>IN L>I= H>I>> JI.

S$, Sd A#ad K#a(-

Ma( $.# a G,a. V$$)(

18/20

B( Ra#heed Kid'ai

AG> 5: A NJ< >> L= = H=L MI>- IJG>IN > GII>< A>>KGH>IN G IIH > I= JN =GI> NH HH LN I =>H = >L D=> JHN.

K> G>, I= HI HJGK>K>< >C>K> GK> (C) >GH, > I 95 IG >I> HIG>< >I>>H > I= HGK> I >. = HI J B B=>> H > = HGIGN (1971-73),

> GJI>H I>-J L>I= +JHH> HHGIGN ( GJI>H) > I= I W60H, HI >H H K>HG I I= >< (1951-54).

A I=>H IG =K>< > >HI>IJI> GK> N> I>>HIH J N I= BG>I>H= H I=THI GU I=I = IG GJ > >.

#L=G =GJ = HG> I= C, L=>= I=MG-JI G> > > 1939, H T>I=G>, G >K>, G HGK>U. J=H C=GBH = J>I I= C IG G>< >IH MH JHI IH =>H I=G.

BJI > =HI GG C >GH, G> HGK =>H II IG . LH N31 L=, H IG >HIG>I HIGI A>H >GHI >< IHI > I= IJJIJJHLH IL AJ< I= >GHH>I=I I= A> >KGH>IN (A) =N G > I= GI> >HI H I=GI I >IH HIJIH NH.

>< IIGH LGH, K>-=G =>JHH> GH>GHI =>HH>G I >. =IH=G = H >H I=I LHGJI G H>GIU I=J>KGH>IN G I= JH>H G >ITG>KGH>INU.

AG> HGIGNG GGI >GH =>H A JJH,G> J>N I IG I= H>IJI>. , =GHJ I= L K>-=G, L H>$=, I I N I= G>< I= >HI>IJI>IG I= HJG KI>.

MI, = >HHJ LG>GH, L= L> IGJH >J

I I I= > I>< IGJ.AG>GH, G> >I G III> IGJGH S > =I>, --HH HH I=H IGJ I>H S I=I>H=> LJ I IGI.

>I= >I> GH K> I I= >HIG>I>>HIGI>, G>WH G HJHH N > JH><I= TJGU I= IGWH > I K> I= IH I=I I=N LJ >< J I= I=N HIGN JI >.

= I=JG $NHI= G >JG> >HIG>I, IIGGH=, IG GH I > = HGIGN HGIGN (1973-75) , IG GI>G-I, LH $GI L M-C >G, >GJG>, LH > >I HGIGN S I=

B I = I= HI. I LH B,INGI= GHI > I > I= C. LH JI=G, HG >-HI H>>I IG>JI>H ILGHI= >I> L > > H>IN.

G> =>H = B: = HGK> CJII H I= CIGWH >>H >G L>I= I=

HII 1964.AIG GI>GI, G>,L= LH LG >=JH=, I= J-IGNWH H-=>K>> =JG, LH HH>IL>I= I= J> IGHI N $G, FGI> -G >IN > > , CCJH.>H HHNH G > H HJ= H

G>H > = KGG: >H HJGK>K N IL JHG C=G, L-L JG->HI, H>: T L I=I N KH > =>H N GH. BJI G = LH,J>I H>N, I= HI =J >< =K KGL, G KG >N I L.U

Y)/(" ICS 1#)

*)cd AMU

G+%* Naa%*

B( Ka#hif-%l-H%da

=G G I=G NI=H JI I=A>I LH H>N KI G JI>, A> >KGH>IN I= KI, I=I I= KI >H < .N A= $=WH GH,K>H>H, GIH G I= >JH>H I IG L HI= A>I LH IH>N KI I JH>HG HIG JI> G K I=HI>H=I J>KGH>IN. I LH KI I K >HH> I -J>IN I=I H I =K HI >IHG>< > I= HI-=< LG, IGG I= G L =G G> =>HIGN.

G>N, JH>H > HI> I=H >HHJH I= G A>H HI> >K.

+GN =>HIGN GH HJ= H=G>K> H > 1857 L= >K > I H G >GH. N A=JGHI I= L LG LGJH I=I L> H= I= JIJG >. BG>I>H= HL JH>H H I=GI =I>H= GJ >>. =N = JH>H GHH>G I= GJI 1857 LG IL

BG>I>H= > GH. I=>H H>IJ-I> JH> IGH G>< JIJG > GI= > LG JGIG . AI I=I I> NA= LH > I= NI I=BG>I>H=. LGI TAH--U (= CJHH I=> +KI) I H=L I=I KIH 1857 LH GHJI BG>I>H= => > I H>GNN I= JH> J >IH. I LH III I I I= GJGH > I=IL JGHI I=I NJ G =G IHIN JI L LI I GIG >I=>H L HNHI.

G G HIG JI> LH I G N A= $= I HJG I=I JH>H G N>< I=>GGH > I= L LG I=I LH J>-N H=>< J > GI I=. =N= I GI >I G HLI I=>G G>JH JIJG G>I= L I> G>H. NA= $= > > HI>H= >KGH>IN (A)JI >I >H LG I=I >I LH =>HN IG>JI> G =>H H K>H>. H HIGI H>I>> H>IN, G H> GG, LGIIG>H *JG- > =>HIII I GG I= JH> H>IN.

JH>H G>K I=I A >H

=>H KI JI JH I=>H J>KGH>IN H I HI.A>I= I= A L=>= II=I I= KI =H HI>K>JGIH =K N AJ> > HI>H=>< H=H K>< H=GH=>H. A J>G>JHN HGK >G N DN >-G J JH=>G JI >H I=>HI= HI LN I GG JG I=>H KI?

L A G=H >< HI->H= > JG JGH=> L G G-H > I=G H MI>< A>H II= I I= A >I -I G= >IH J II>. =>H K-I HIGIH L>I= JI> JIHWI I=G.

I >H I> I > KI G I=J>KGH>IN I A>>< >I L>>>IN J I= A> G I= >KGH>IN H I=GH. IL> H I=I I GH G>HHJH A L> HI=>< I=II=>H KI H I GH I.

A>J I>I G I= >IIJ >II=I H JI A I>I I= O>-HG GHJGJ ILG A J>.I L> K JGH >HH> II=JHH I=I ->H JI JH>H I -IG>JI I I=>G J>IN > J= G GO LN.

EK>H> A>H>GH JG HIJIH I >H,H-ILH, K>IGI; JG G I> I > HJ-I>H I JG GH; JG JI- GHH>H I K I> N I >KHI > J>IN G-IH GI>JI J>IN >HHJH H>GI>H I > I= GIN I I= LG. =>H L> J>IN I=I L> =K I= >- I >IH =I= GHJGH I = =GI LI= I=I L> =JGH J>-KGH>I>H I=JHH >IH L JI >IH JI>>H >< JH> L= >H JNLG GJ =>H G =G > JH> =G>I

19/20

D". Ta((aba Abidin Qid'ai

M31!a2, O+a

I= GHI IJGN, JH>H I= LG KG H>N > > G HH>< I=GJ< =H. = BG> H> D>I>, I= 9/11IIH, I= JGI , I= HIH,=K JH>H > KJG H>I> L=G-KG I=N G. =G H I=>H =IG HJH>-> K =HI -G>< JH> > I=GHI LG?

J JHI LG>< =L I=>H >H IL>I= I= A><J I=>H I> =G IN?

, >I H =H I=I JI IJGN H > LG HH>< I=GJ>G G>H>H. I LH I= I=I HIIJG HIJ I= G GHH I >H HH I I= >I - FL I= I= LI= > =GI. H> - 'IJN GKG I= N G>IJGH G>H I I =IG JG NJG K>H>." NA= $= I= >< > I >> G KJH K GK =>H K>H> LH G> K>H>, L=>== I=H =GIG>HI>H

I KJI I= >I> JH>H I=I I>. RI >H KGN >GII I =K G>HI> >H>II= JGGI HII >GH G E +EE HI KGN H GI>H L=G I= LG LH = >I= MI =JG NGH- =I >H GH>L E F+E.

A =>H LHIGN G =>H>= >I>H> G > JH>H> I= 21HI IJGN, L =K I =K I=I H>H>H>I> > JH>H IN - =GHI. AG>H G L KGIN >.

JH>H >H G > HI>H N =GI L !BJI I= IGJ L>I= JH>H GJ I= LGR L=I=G > G>IN G > >G>IN -- >H I=I I=NG K GJI>K. I=H>O I= G CGI>K >G>IN -- GI>K>H I= L= >H G> > I=J >I>. JH>H G >I I I= LGN L= I=N G I=I JIN -- GI=G I=G>< JI G>< I= HI GN. GNH I H GHJI IGN G "I>" GH,JI N I=GJ I=JK HIJN NH>H H>I>K I>. LG, >I >HI=>< JI GI>K I>. AN >I> G-

I> I I=>H GJ GH I= L= GHH HH I= H> < JH> JI> =K > I= G >< H I= IIJI L>I=JI JGHI>< I= >>IH I= J-I> JGJGN I= I>I=I > I= MI 100 NGH IG >G N, I=N JI J L>I= G EJI> HI>IJI>H GJH>H.

N A= $= HIGI I= A> IL IG>I> H> VGW JI>.

BJI, L I= G JI> HNHI GIHL>I= I= H HHJI> I= HJG>G>IN HIG >K>>HI> I= >G>G>IN JH>JIJG. I =H I >I> G-JIJH>H G I=>G L J>IN I GJH JI> J>H.

H> NJ =K I= JGH, I=CJ>HIH, I= I>HIH +>HIH I=I=G = G L L= I>J I =I= IG>I> GH HIGI= HJH>> , L>I= II ,L>I= >H>.

=GH, L=I L >H K>H>, L=>= JJ>I I=H MIGH IH I= HII>< J JH>EJI> BG I = GI I= GGH >G H=H AD GHH.

J> H=G>H BGH, L>I= I= KHI HJH

N I I=>G >HH, H=J HI J VGWJI> >HI>IJI>H IG>IN.

BJI, > I= >I >H E H IG=-GGH >G N,L= H=J =K I= GHH>>>IN JI><JG =>G, H L H =>G I=H L= GHH GIJI I= JH.

A KI >H II=>G GIH I N HIG>G H> I IG I I=>GH>< H GK >>IGN KGIN H >.

= H >I H=J JG GI> L=GI= LG >H = G IN.- = FJIJG.

HGK I=I I=GJH

=J =>HIGN I= LG HH I =K MN > I= GI GG>< G LG. I'H L=I=J>IN HH I L I= HI. = JGHH I= 20I= IJGN >H I=I L'K -IN - JHIGN, I= > - K>>OI>. =>H AG> =>H=G =>HIG> LG>IH, "= BGIN-H>M J>>GG>H. G>KI >GG>H LG JGHH. I LH H=> < I= G>= I =K I> H. A =NH>> GJH I= >K>II> I=JI B=G I >K I =>H JGI,

I= H >GGN. A->>, N>I. G>H > = AH > I=10I= IJGN > I= >GG>H EJG >."=HLGH > DJGI, HN I JI JH>H'I=>GHI G L I=I H LH I >IHO>I=. >K, H, I=H LGH HN I JII= G>G>IN >G N JHI =K K I JI>. H >>K>JH, H >N, H H>IN, H=J HH. =K =I=N GHI G >G N, I=. I >, G >>H =>.

= LH >GI G I= I=GH > I= HHI=I = LH >I> >MIJG =>G, =>H=G GI> . =NJ I , NJ > H>

I= HIGJ L= G =>GH IGHJI I=N 'I L= LI I I=>- H>H I=I LG.GN KGN L =K I= M-I >I> I= .I >H N L= =KI= I=H IIG>JIH AD I= =G>H G><>GI I< L=>= >HIGN >HGJ I GG.

SIR SYED' M$$)( $( .# 21. C(./,


E>< : ' *?+< A+ A A==+> E>< : A? B++> E>< : I;

20/20

3< B/'= >35 & C97:+== 2+4+

Documents

Sir Syed Special