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0 _csqgd` wacqcxf

N–cag` hfla`dglq ng ojg {g}dcsg ac o`{c}g dgincf cn scsqgd` wacqcxf hw `{{nco`}g c oflogqqc d`qgd`qcoc acHfw}cg} ` pwgsq–f}i`lf, N` qgf}c` ac Hfw}cg} ê ojg pw`nsc`sc hf}d` a–fla` {wý gssg}g agso}cqq` a` clfflcqgflag `}dflcojg ac h}gpwglu` x`}c`mcng agnng pw`nc sc` {fsscmcng agqg}dcl`}g `d{cguu` g h`sg, @{{nco`lafpwgsqf oflogqqf sc {wý c{fqcuu`}g ojg n–f}goojcf sc` wl `l`ncuu`qf}g ac Hfw}cg}. ocfê wl f}i`lf cl i}`afac sofd{f}}g h}gpwglug ofd{ngssg cl gngdglqc dclcdc sgd{ncoc, N` qgf}c` ê sw{{f}q`q` a`nn–gxcaglu` `l`qfdco` agnn–f}goojcf. cl {`}qcofn`}g a`nn` {}gsglu` lgnn–f}goojcf clqg}lf agnn`  dgdm}`l` m`scn`}g`xxfnq` clqf}lf `n dfacfnf5 pwgsq` sq}wqqw}` lfl ê wlchf}dg d` j` wl `{cog dfnqf {có s{gssf g wl`  m`sg dfnqf {có sfqqcng, Cl m`sg `nng o`}`qqg}csqcojg `l`qfdcojg. acxg}sg h}gpwglug {}fawoflf fsocnn`ucflccl {wlqc acxg}sc agnn` dgdm}`l`5 q`lqf {có n` h}gpwglu` ê gngx`q q`lqf {có sc `xxcoclg}ë `nn` sq`hh` n` }gicflg cl dfxcdglqf,

N–f}goojcf ê ofd{fsqf a` x`}cg {f}ucflc. cl {`}qcofn`}g sc }coflfsoflf wl f}goojcf gsqg}lf. wlfdgacf ga wlf clqg}lf, N–f}goojcf gsqg}lf x` a`n dg`qf `owsqcof fflf `nn`  dgdm}`l` qcd{`lco` gaê hfla`dglq`ng {g} n`  nfo`ncuu`ucflg agc swflc lgnnf s{`ucf, N–f}goojcf dgacf ê {fsqf `nn–clqg}lf agn$n–fssf qgd{f}`ng g oflqcglg n`  o`qgl` fsscown`}g. ocfê n–clscgdg ac d`}qgnnf. clowaclg g sq`hh`, Pwgsq` sq}wqqw}` j` cn ofd{cqf ac q}`sdgqqg}g ng xcm}`ucflc o`{q`qg a`nn–f}goojcf gsqg}lf g oflaw}ng `nn–f}goojcfclqg}lf2 {g}ojê pwgsqf {}fogssf {fss` `xxglc}g ê lgogss`}cf wl `a`qq`dglqf agnn–cd{glaglu`, N–cd${glaglu` ê n` }gscsqglu` ojg wl dguuf f{{flg `n {`ss`iicf ac pw`nofs`5 n` o`qgl` fsscown`}g sc foow{` ac `a`qq`}g cn {`ss`iicf agn swflf a`nn–`}c` `n dguuf ncpwcaf oflqglwqf lgnn–f}goojcf clqg}lf, Pwgsqfscsqgd` ac `a`qq`dglqf lfl hwlucfl` cl d`lcg}` clacso}cdcl`q` d` ê `nq`dglqg sclqflcuu`qf. cl {`}$qcofn`}g j` wl iw`a`ilf d`sscdf {g} h}gpwglug clqf}lf `c 0;;;Ju. ocfê n` h}gpwglu` dgac` agnn` xfogwd`l , Pw`laf cn swflf xcglg q}`sdgssf `n wcaf lgnn` ofong`. pwgsq` xcm} ucflg {g}of}}g n`  so`n`

 xgsqcmfn`}g g n`  so`n` qcd{`lco` {g} {fc so`}co`}sc swnn` dgdm}`l` ojg }cof{}g n`  fflgsq}` }fqfla`,

Cn {`}`dgq}f ojg clqg}gss` ê n`  {}gsscflg sflf} . n` owc wlcqë ac dcsw}` ê cn agocmgn, Cn agocmgn êwl–wlcqë ac dcsw}` nfi`}cqdco` ojg claco` cn }`{{f}qf q}` n–clqglscqë agn swflf `sofnq`qf g n–clqglscqë dclcd` {g}og{cmcng a`nn–f}goojcf wd`lf5

am 4 0; ¹ nfi0;C 

C ;

Lgnn` so`n` ac x`nf}c cl agocmgn ê cd{f}q`lqg `xg}g agc }chg}cdglqc5

• ;am5 sfinc` ac wacmcncqë 

• 7;am5 `dmcglqc scnglucfsc

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• 9;am5 oflxg}s`ucflg lf}d`ng

• 0;;am5 dgq}f{fncq`l` 

• 0=;am5 ngscflg agnn–f}goojcf sg nf sqcdfnf ê {}fnwli`qf

• 01;am5 sfinc` agn afnf}g

Cn swflf ofdg fla` glq}` awlpwg lgnn–f}goojcf clqg}lf {`ss`laf {g} ng awg so`ng, N` so`n` xgsqcmf$n`}g g n` qcd{`lco` sflf sg{`}`qg a nn` dgdm}`l` m`scn`}g `a googucflg ac wl wlcof {wlqf. n–gncofq}gd .cl of}}cs{flaglu` agnn–`{cog agnn` ofong`, @nn–clqg}lf agnng so`ng xgsqcmfn`}g g qcd{`lco` ê {}gsglqg n` {g}cnclh`. wl wcaf ojg j` gssgluc`ndglqg n` sqgss` ofloglq}`ucflg cflco` agnn–clqg}sqcucf, Lgnn` so`n`dgac` clxgog ê {}gsglqg n–glafnclh`. ojg ê {`}qcofn`}dglqg }coo` cl {fq`sscf i}`ucg `nn–`ucflg agnn` sq}c`

 x`sown`}cs ojg {fd{` `qqcx`dglqg pwgsqf cflg,Pw`laf cn swflf glq}` lgnn–f}goojcf clqg}lf n` dgdm}`l` m`scn`}g sc dwfxg g iglg}` wl–fsocnn`ucflg

{có f dglf ofd{ngss` ` sgofla` agn qc{f ac swflf `sofnq`qf5 pwgsq` fsocnn`ucflg h` dwfxg}g n` sq}wqqw}` }gogqqf}c`ng `{{fiic`q` `nn` dgdm}`l` g h` sc ojg ng ocinc` agnng ognnwng ocnc`qg w}qclf n`  dgdm}`l`qgoqf}c`, N` sq}wqqw}` }gogqqf}c`ng {}glag cn lfdg ac f}i`lf agn Of}qc ga ê ofd{fsq` a` x`}cg qc{fnficgac ognnwng5

• Ognnwng ocnc`qg clqg}lg5 acs{fsqg sw wl` sclifn` ffn`. oc}o` ?7;; wlcqë 

• Ognnwng ocnc`qg gsqg}lg5 acs{fsqg sw q}g ffng. oc}o` 0=;;; wlcqë 

 Qwqqg ng ognnwng ocnc`qg {}gsglq`lf sqg}focinc` ac nwlijguu` ago}gsoglqg, Fnq}g ` pwgsqg qc{fnficg ognnwn`}clg gscsqflf x`}cg ac sw{{f}qf. q}` ng pw`nc ng ognnwng ac A`cqg}s g ng ognnwng ac Jglsgl, Ng ognnwng ocnc`qghf}d`lf scl`{sc sc` ofl ffm}g `hhg}glqc. ojg hf}dg}`llf cn lg}xf `owsqcof. sc` ofl ffm}g ghhg}glqc. cl`}}cxf a`nn–fncx` sw{g}cf}g,

=

8/7/2019 Sistema uditivo

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Ng ocinc` agnng ognnwng ocnc`qg {}gsglq`lf wl o`l`ng {fq`sscf5 pw`laf pwgsqg sq}wqqw}g xgliflf {cg$i`qg cn o`l`ng sc `{}g, N` }cicacqë agnng ocinc ac{glag a`nn` nf}f nwlijguu 5 ofl swflc agmfnc ng ocinc` 

{có nwlijg sflf ng {}cdg ` dwfxg}sc. d`lf ` d`lf ojg nf sqcdfnf `wdglq` xgliflf }gonwq`qg `lojg ngocinc` {có of}qg, Pw`laf c o`l`nc `n {fq`sscf sc `{}flf lfl sc iglg}` wl {fqgluc`ng a–`ucflg. mglsî xcglg`wdglq`q` n` ncmg}`ucflg ac lgw}fq}`sdgqqcqf}g ojg icë `xxglcx` cl d`lcg}` qflco`, C o`l`nc `n {fq`sscf{fssflf {g}ý `xg}g awg ofd{f}q`dglqc f{{fsqc5 pw`laf ng ocinc` nwlijg {cgi`lf xg}sf ng ocinc` of}qgpwgsqc o`l`nc {fssflf ojcwag}sc `lucojê `{}c}sc, Cn oflogqqf hfla`dglq`ng ê ojg gscsqg wl` sgo}gucflgqflco` ac lgw}fq}`sdgqqcqf}g ojg {wý gssg}g dfawn`q` cl wl sglsf f lgnn–`nq}f,

[g} {fqg} hwlucfl`}g. pwgsqf scsqgd` oflq` swn {fq`sscf g lfl swn sfacf,N` sq}c` x`sown`}cs {}fawog wl–gngx`q` ofloglq}`ucflg ac {fq`sscf lgnn–gl$afnclh` g cl pwgsqf dfaf pw`laf c o`l`nc sc `{}flf pwgsqf cflg {wý `s$swdg}g cn }wfnf agn sfacf5 cl oflacucflc lf}d`nc `{}c}g wl o`l`ng `n {fq`sscflg o`ws` n–wsocq . lfl n–cli}gssf, Cn sfacf lfl {wý gssg}g sh}wqq`qf {g}ojêsg glq}`ssg n` {fd{` L`$B nf }c{f}qg}gmmg swmcqf hwf}c, N` lgogsscqë acpwgsqf scsqgd` `nqg}l`qcxf `c {fqgluc`nc a–`ucflg ê ac qc{f ffscof2 `sofnq`lafwl swflf ` 7;;;ju ê cd{gls`mcng n` iglg}`ucflg ac oclpwgdcn` s{cbgs `nsgoflaf. pwclac n` xc` agc {fqgluc`nc lfl ê {}`qco`mcng,

 @la`laf `a `l`ncuu`}g ng }cs{fsqg agc x`}c {fqgluc`nc a–`ucflg ojg sc igl$g}`lf lgn lg}xf `owsqcof sc fqqcglg wl i}`ffof ofdg pwgnnf ` n`qf, Lgnn–gs${g}cdglqf sc sflf }gicsq}`qg ng }cs{fsqg ac wl` ffm}` `hhg}glqg `a wl qflfac 7;;;ju n` owc clqglscqë ê sq`q` h`qq` x`}c`}g q}` acgoc g pw`}`lq` agoc$ mgn, N` }cs{fsq` agnn` ognnwn` `wdglq` cl qg}dclc ac h}gpwglu` ac s{cbgs fflf`a wl d`sscdf ac oc}o` ?;am. af{facojê `wdglq`laf `lof}` n` {}gsscflgsflf}` sc fqqcglg wl x`nf}g clhg}cf}g, Ng ffm}g sflf awlpwg sclqflcuu`qg sc` {g} pw`lqf }ciw`}a` n` h}gpwglu` agn swflf sc` {g} pw`lqf }ciw`}a` n` sw` clqglscqë,

_wnn` m`sg ac pwgsqg gxcaglug s{g}cdglq`nc ê {fsscmcng agfflc}g wl` ow}x` 

ac }gn`ucflg q}` n–clqglscqë agnn` sqcdfn`ucflg g n` x`}c`ucflg agnn` h}gpwglu` ac so`}co` agnn` ffm}` `hhg}glqg, Lgn o`sf agnn` ffm}` {}gs` cl gs`dg ê gxcaglqgojg pwgsq` `mmc` wl f{qcdwd clqf}lf `c ?;am5 pwgsq` lfl ê n` sw` sfinc`.d` sgd{ncogdglqg cn x`nf}g `n pw`ng sc fqqcglg wl` so`}co` d`sscd` cl qg}dclc ac h}gpwglu`,

C i}`ffoc ojg dfsq}`lf cn ofd{f}q`dglqf agnng x`}cg ffm}g sflf qwqqc scdcnc5

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N` dgdm}`l` m`scn`}g sc dwfxg cl dfaf `}dflcof. ofdg sc icwsqcffo` cn m}wsof gssf ojg dfsq}`lf qwq$qc c x`}c ofd{f}q`dglqc6 Pwgsqf i}`ffof gxcagluc` ofdg n` sfn` fsocnn`ucflg dgoo`lco` agnn` dgdm}`l` 

 m`scn`}g lfl {fss` icwsqcffo`}g cn hwlucfl`dglqf ac pwgsqg ognnwng, N–cag` ê awlpwg }cog}o`}g wl` qflf$qf{c` s{gocffo` agnn` sclifn` ognnwn` ocnc`q`. g nf sc ê h`qqf `la`laf ` sqcdfn`}g gngqq}co`dglqg n` ognnwn` clcgqq lafng `nn–clqg}lf wl cd{wnsf gngqq}cof sfqqf hf}d` ac fla` pw`a} , @ sgiwcqf agnn` sqcdfn`ucflgpw`a} n` ognnwn fsocnn` swnn` sw` h}gpwglu` o`}`qqg}csqco`. cl pw`laf wl–fla` pw`a}` oflqcglg qwqqg ngh}gpwglug {fsscmcnc g wl` ac pwgsqg s`}ë awlpwg `}dflco` ` pwgnn` icwsq`, N` ognnwn` ocnc`q` ê afq`q` acwl scsqgd` ac {}fqgclg oflq}`qqcnc cn owc `oof}oc`dglqf ac{glag a`n {fqgluc`ng ac dgdm}`l`5 sc {fssflfawlpwg sc` `nnwli`}g ojg `oof}oc`}g cl }cs{fsq` `nn–fla` pw`a} , Lgnn–f}i`lf agn Of}qc sc sfdd`lfawlpwg awg h`qqf}c5 n` }g`qqcxcqë agnn` dgdm}`l` m`s`ng {g} }csfl`lu` dgoo`lco` g n` }g`qqcxcqë agnngsclifng ognnwng ocnc`qg {g} ng nf}f }cs{gqqcxg h}gpwglug,

C xg}c }gogqqf}c agnn–f}goojcf sflf gsonwscx`dglqg ng ognnwng ocnc`qg clqg}lg2 ng ognnwng gsqg}lg sflfclxgog cllg}x`qg a`n scsqgd` fncxf$ofong`}g g }`{{}gsglq`lf wl scsqgd` `qqw`qf}g clqg}lf `nn–f}goojcf,N` hwlucfl`ncqë agnng ognnwng gsqg}lg ê acdfsq}`q` a`c ofscaagqqc {fqgluc`nc dco}fhflcoc5 sg wl f}goojcf

 xcglg sqcdfn`qf a` wl` h}gpwglu` Z g `nnf sqgssf qgd{f sc }gicsq}`lf c swflc lgnng swg xcocl`lug sc lfq` ojg pwgsqf }cs{flag {}fawoglaf wl swflf. {}fm`mcndglqg i}`ucg ` pwgsqg ognnwng, Cn xg}f wqcncuuf acpwgsqg ognnwng ê {g}ý ngi`qf `n scsqgd` ghhg}glqg fncxf ofong`}g5

N` ow}x` mnw sglu` sqcdfn`ucflg agn scsqgd` dfsq}` ofdg n` ffm}` `wdglq` n` sw` h}gpwglu` ac so`}co` `nn–`wdglq`}g agnn–clqglscqë agnnf sqcdfnf fflf ` s`qw}`}sc, @ sgiwcqf ac sqcdfn`ucflg agnng ognnwng ocnc`qggsqg}lg n` sqgss` ffm}` j` mcsfilf ac sqcdfnc {có clqglsc {g} s`qw} }sc. ocfê cl {}`qco` ê ofdg sg n–f}goojcfhfssg dglf sglscmcng, N–wqcncqë ac pwgsqf scsqgd` ê gxcaglqg pw`laf sc ê cl oflacucflc ac {}gsglu` ac wl}wdf}g ac hflaf ojg d`i`}c ac swf s`qw}g}gmmg icë n` ffm}`5 n–`qqcx`ucflg ac pwgsqf scsqgd` {g}dgqqg

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`nn–f}goojcf ac ofloglq}`}sc g o`{q`}g dgincf c swflc, Pwgsqf scsqgd` i`}`lqcsog n` o`{`ocqë agnn–f}goojcflfl sfnf ac sglqc}g d` sf{}`qqwqqf ac `sofnq`}g. ocfê ac {f}}g `qqglucflg sw agqg}dcl`qc `s{gqqc agn swflf,

N–f}goojcf ê wl f}i`lf ojg lfl oflsglqg sfnf n` {g}ogucflg agc swflc5 {g}dgqqg clh qqc `lojg n` nf}f nfo`ncuu`ucflg. wl` h`ofnqë ffnfiglgqco`dglqg dfnqf `lqco`, Lgnn–wfdf n` nfo`ncuu`ucflg agn swflf`xxcglg sgoflaf scsqgdc dwnqc{nc g x` acsqclq` n`  nfo ncuu`ucflg cl gngx`ucflg a`nn`  nfo`ncuu`ucflgcl `ucdwqj. ocfê n` nfo`ncuu`ucflg n`qg} ng, N` {}cd` qc{fnfic` ê dfnqf sgd{ncog g sh}wqq n` hf}d` agn{`acincflg `w}cofn`}g. ojg `{{}fsscd` wl`  s{c}`ng nfi`}cqdco`5 cn swflf }cgssf a`n {`acincflg xcglgclh`qqc ngiig}dglqg sh`s`qf g wl` {`}qg `}}cx` cl }cq`}af *sc {`}n` ac }cq`}ac ac pw`nojg dco}fsgoflaf#,N–f}goojcf ê cl i}`af ac sh}wqq`}g pwgsq` {`}qcofn`}cqë swnn` m`sg agn m`qqcdglqf5 pw`laf awg flag oflh}gpwglu` scdcng lfl sflf cl h`sg q}` nf}f sc iglg}` pwgsqf hglfdglf. ocfê sc iglg}`lf }`hhf}u`dglqcsgiwcqc a` clagmfncdglqc afxwqc `nn` sfx}`{{fscucflg agnng flag, N–f}goojcf awlpwg lfl {g}og{csog ac{g} sg cn }cq`}af. q}f{{f {coofnf {g} gssg}g {}fogss`qf. d` cn m`qqcdglqf ojg pwgsqf iglg}`,N` nfo`ncuu`ucflg f}cuuflq`ng agc swflc sh}wqq` awg dgoo`lcsdc glq}`dmc ofnnfo`qc ` ncxgnnf agnn–fncx`sw{g}cf}g, Pwgsq` sq}wqqw}` ê acxcs` cl awg {`}qc5 fncx` dgac`ng ga fncx` n`qg} ng, N–fncx` n qg}`ngoflh}flq` n–clqglscqë agn swflf cl `}}cxf a`nng awg f}goojcg dglq}g n–fncx` dgac`ng oflh}flq` ng achhg}glugac qgd{f, Cn {}cdf oflh}flqf ê dfnqf {có sgd{ncog g sc m`s` swn h`qqf ojg n` qgsq` h` a` sojg}df5 wlswflf a` agsq}` `}}cxg}ë `nn–f}goojcf sclcsq}f `qqglw`qf a`n o}`lcf, Cn o`nofnf agn }cq`}af ê dfnqf {cóofd{ngssf {g}ojê. gssglaf n` acsq`lu` q}` ng f}goojcg dfnqf {coofn . sc {`}n` ac h}`ucflc ac dcnncsgoflaf5cn scsqgd` {}gsglq `nowlc `oof}icdglqc {g} {}fogss`}nf, _g wl swflf j` wl` h}gpwglu` dfnqf `nq` ê

cd{gls`mcng ojg xc sc` wlf s{cbg `a filc h`sg agnn–fla`5 c {fqgluc`nc a–`ucflg sflf {có }`ac. d` gscsqgwl` }gn`ucflg ffss` q}` cn dfdglqf cl owc so`qq` nf s{cbg g n` h`sg agnn–fla`, Pwgnnf ojg h` n–fncx` dgac`ngê oflh}flq`}g ng h`sc agc {fqgluc`nc a–`ucflg. clacog clac}gqqf agnng h`sc agnng flag, Lgnn` {f}ucflg dgac`ngagnn–fncx` `mmc`df sojgd`qco`dglqg awg ffm}g ojg `}}cx`lf a`nng awg f}goojcg. g oc`sowl` sc acs{flg ` {gqqclg5

_g cn swflf `}}cx` {}cd` `nn–f}goojcf agsq}f pwgsqf clcuc` ` s{`}`}g s{cbgs cl `lqcoc{f }cs{gqqf `nn–f}goojcfsclcsq}f5 clcuc` ofl cn lgw}flg I. {fc n–H g xc` ofsî, Pw`laf n–`nq}f f}goojcf clcuc` ` sgil`n`}g clhf}d` {}cd` cn lgw}flg @ g xc` acoglaf, Pwgsq` `sclo}flc` h` sc ojg sfnf wl {coofnf lwdg}f ac lgw}flc}cogx` oflqgd{f}`lg`dglqg clhf}d`ucflc a`nng awg f}goojcg g cn {`qqg}l ac goocq`ucflg ê sh}wqq`qf {g} 

o`nofn }g n` {fscucflg agn swflf *Gsgd{cf5 swflf oglq} ng. n` of}}cs{flaglu` sc j` swn lgw}flg A2swflf oflq}fn`qg}`ng. n` of}}cs{flaglu` sc j` swn lgw}flg O#,

Ng ffm}g agn lg}xf `owsqcof sc {f}q`lf `c lwongc ofong`}c `n owc clqg}lf gscsqflf acxg}sg qc{fnficg acognnwng lg}xfsg2 n–clhf}d`ucflg cl `}}cxf a`n lg}xf ê sgd{}g n` sqgss`5 `wdglqf }`{caf agnn` h}gpwglu` acso`}co` `nn–clsf}ig}g agn swflf. {fc i}`aw`ng acdclwucflg g ogss`ucflg `nn` fflg agnnf sqcdfnf, Lgn lwongfofong`}g acxg}sg qc{fnficg ac ognnwn` }cs{flaflf ` pwgsq` clhf}d`ucflg cl dfaf acxg}sf. cl {`}qcofn`}g5

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• Ognnwng {c}`dca`nc5 j`llf wl` }cs{fsq` clo}gdglq`lqg lgn qgd{f,

• Ognnwng {fnc{fcac5 }cs{flaflf sfn`dglqg `nn–clcucf,

• Ognnwng ` ogs{wincf infmwn }c5 }cs{flaflf ofdg ng ffm}g agn lg}xf `owsqcof d` j`llf wl–clqg}$}wucflg q}` cn {coof agnn` }cs{fsq` g n` oflqclw`ucflg,

• Ognnwng ` ogs{wincf shg}cojg5 }cs{flaflf ofdg ng ffm}g agn lg}xf `owsqcof,

• Ognnwng dwnqc{fn`}c5 ofdg ng ognnwng {c}`dca`nc,

 @ {`}qc}g a`c lwongc ofong`}c ng xcg wacqcxg sflf5

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8/7/2019 Sistema uditivo

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sistema-uditivo 7/7

A`c lwongc ofong`}c sc hf}d`lf awg oflqciglqc ac ffm}g5 wlf agowss` g wlf }cd`lg c{scn`qg}`ng g sc{f}q` `n ofnncofnf clhg}cf}g, @ {`}qc}g a`n ofnncofnf clhg}cf}g ng ffm}g sc {f}q`lf `n of}{f iglcofn`qf dgac`ngagn q`n`df g q}`dcqg ng ffm}g q`n`dfof}qco`nc sc icwlig `nn` of}qgooc` wacqcx` {}cd`}c` *`}gg 10 g 1= acM}fad`ll#,

9