Site Cabling & Antenna Installation

1 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

Standard Site Cabling and Antenna Line System

Installation

2 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

NOKIA NODE-B SITE

Shelters,Towers, Masts, Poles

Installation Materials

Base Stations

CellularTransmission

Systems

Antenna Systems

Power Systems

Site

3 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

ANTENNA LINE

ANTENNA SYSTEM PRODUCTSAntenna

Jumper cable

Connector

Grounding kit

Feeder cable

Feeder clamps

EMP protector

Combiners diplexers

Mast Head Amplifierand BiasT

4 Nokia Auxiliary Product Management v. 1.0 04.2002

5 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• Panel Antenna used:

• CS72761.11 (K742215) XPol F 1710-2170M 65deg 18dBi 0-10T• CS72191.14 DT-kit for A, F & Euro panel• CS72196 Clamp 50-115mm for A, F & Euro panel

ANTENNA LINEAntenna Installation

6 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

ANTENNA LINEAntenna Installation

Mechanical Downtilt adjustment (Kathrein)

• Use glued/engraved scale provided with downtilt kit to adjust antenna to correct angle of tilt•Confirm always with angle meter!•If scale doesn’t exist use angle meter to adjust antenna to correct angle of tilt

7 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

1 The antennas to be used is CS72761.11 (K742215) XPol F 1710-2170M 65deg 18dBi 0-10T with downtilt kit CS72191.14 DT-kit for A, F & Euro panel and CS72196 Clamp 50-115mm for A, F & Euro panel.

2 The jumper cable is a flexible low loss cable (1/2"), which is used at the ends of the feeder. It protects the connectors from the forces caused by the feeder cable. Antenna side jumper cable (2A) is 1.5m and at the BTS side(2B) is 3m.

3 7/16 connector are made of silver plated brass or a special grade of copper. All connectors are IP68-classified.

4 The grounding kit ensures that the Antenna line is DC grounded as a protection against lightning.Two grounding kits shall be installed in one (1) feeder run,one at the antenna side and another one before the bend.All grounding kits shall be terminated to alloted busbar with dedicated 35mm2 grounding cable directly terminated to earth

5 The RF-feeder is corrugated coaxial cable. It can be of different sizesi.e. 1/2”, 7/8” and 1 5/8”, depending on the length of the mast and the desired attenuation.

6 Supplied Cable clamps are made of stainless steel and plastic and are easy and quick to install. Design of the clamps prevents over tightening of feeder cable.Minimum spacing of the clamps for 7/8” feeder cable is 900mm and max of 1000mm.

7 A compact EMP protector protects the BTS against lightning and over voltage that may occur down the antenna line.

65

1

34

2A

7

ANTENNA LINE System Configurationfor Smart 3G Trial Tower site (w/out MHA)

2B

35mm2 grounding

cable to earth

35mm2 grounding cable to earth

25mm2 grounding cable

Concrete Pad

C-channel / I-beam

Label

Label

8 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• Different types of cables are positioned in different level and tightened to cable channel with cable ties. Cable order horizontal installation from bottom row to top row: Power, Grounding and Signal. Vertical installation from left to right Power, Grounding and Signal.

• In one row cable tie distance from each other is 400mm.• Guideline should be used also with DC cables which run in

horizontal and vertical cable channel. Cables has to be separated and tightened with cable ties.

• Cables should run straight, no cable tangle.• Transmission cables should be separated from RF, AC, DC and

alarm cables to avoid possible interference.

Signal cables

Grounding cables

Power cables

SITE CABLINGCable positioning in cable channel

9 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

SITE CABLINGFeeder Connections

• Proper tools have to be used.

• All connections have to be tightened to correct torque.

• SMA connector 1-1.2Nm• N connector 1-1.7Nm• 7/16 connector 25Nm

CS 77564.20 RS Torque wrench 25 Nm, 27/32mm

CS 77507.25 RS Torque wrench SMA, 1Nm

11 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

FEEDER TYPE FREQUENCY FREQUENCY FREQUENCY 900 MHz 1800 MHz 2000 MHz

RFF 3/8”-50 13.9 dB/100m 20.5 dB/100m 21.8 dB/100m

RFF 1/2”-50 10.6 dB/100m 15.6 dB/100m 16.7 dB/100m

RF 1/2”-50 6.88 dB/100m 10.1 dB/100m 10.7 dB/100m

RF 7/8”-50 3.53 dB/100m 5.04 dB/100m 5.53 dB/100m AVA !!

RF 1 1/4”-50 2.74 dB/100m 4.12 dB/100m 4.39 dB/100m

RF 1 5/8”-50 2.11 dB/100m 3.05 dB/100m 3.36 dB/100m AVA !!

3 db is general attenuation limit for antenna line. Network planning team specify exact attenuation limit and used feeder on each site.

ANTENNA LINEFeeder Attenuation

NOTE: Given values are for NK Cables feeder cables except 7/8” and 15/8” are for Andrew AVA cable type, other manufacturers’ may have different values, check the proper values before implementation from manufacturer’s data sheets

12 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

1. Verify that antenna support are installed and in right location.2. Hoist the antenna up to the antenna support. Note: when hoisting antenna in foul weather conditions, it is necessary to

control antennamovement to avoid damage. Use ropes etc.

3. Install the antennas on the antenna support exactly vertical or with a specified offset.

4. Use the data specified in the site installation documentation to set the antenna heading, height, vertical and horizontal separation.

5. Connect one end of the antenna jumpers to the antennas, leaving the opposite ends open. Note: the open ends should be protected from moisture.

6. Clamp the jumpers to the antenna support.

ANTENNA LINEGeneral instructions for antenna installation

13 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• All outdoor fastening hardware must be marine grade stainless steel or acid-proof i.e. nuts / bolts / flat washers / spring washers.

• Use material provided by antenna manufacturer.• Follow antenna manufacturer installation instructions.• * These hardware torques are normally limited to pole mounts.

ANTENNA LINEAntenna Hardware Type and Torque Specifications

All Antenna

Pole Mounting Hardware

THREAD SIZE

M8M10M12

M20M22M28

TORQUE Nm

11 – 14.123 – 29.537 – 47.5

60 *60 *60 *

14 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• Contact between metals from the opposite group can generate severe corrosion of the conductor from the anodic section. Care must be exercised when terminating one conductor to another. Where possible commercially available transition sections/joints should be used.

Attention must be given to the following:

• Use only copper to copper connections where possible.

• Ensure that bare copper is not allowed to be placed in contact with zinc or steel of a tower. In such cases tin plated copper may be used. Alternatively, stainless steel section may be placed between the copper and zinc or iron surfaces.

• Ensure correct fixing of screws, nuts and washers. Copper or stainless steel screws and washers must be used against bare copper surfaces.

• If possible, use anti-corrosive compound on the surfaces between dissimilar metals. This prevents oxidation over long periods.

ANTENNA LINEDissimilar Metals Electrolysis Reaction

Electrolytic Table for Various Common Metals

NOTE: Any stainless steel hardware used must be marine grade or acid-proof.

METAL GROUP Aluminum (Al) Zinc Cadmium Iron or Steel (Fe) Steel Alloys, Stainless Steel (INOX)

Tin/Lead alloy solders ANODIC Metals Tin Lead (Pb) Brass CATHODIC Metals Bronze Copper (Cu) Nickel/Copper alloys Silver alloy solders Silver Gold

15 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• Feeder bending radius guidelines should always be followed to avoid damaging the feeder which causes more cable loss (see antenna and feeder installation document)

• NOT allowed:

NOT OK

ANTENNA LINEFeeder bending radius

NOT OK

16 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005


NOTE: Given values are for NK Cables feeder cables, other manufacturers’ may have different values, check the proper values before implementation from manufacturer’s data sheets

FEEDER TYPE MINIMUM SINGLE MINIMUM REPEATEDBENDING RADIUS BENDING RADIUS

RFF 3/8”-50 13 mm 25 mm

RFF 1/2”-50 15 mm 30 mm

RF 1/2”-50 80 mm 160 mm

RF 7/8”-50 120 mm 250 mm

RF 1 1/4”-50 200 mm 350 mm

RF 1 5/8”-50 250 mm 500 mm

17 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

RFF 3/8”

RFF 1/2”

RF 1/2”

RF 7/8”

RF 1 1/4”

RF 1 5/8”

REPEATEDBENDING RADIUS

SINGLE BENDING RADIUS

25mm

30mm

160mm

250mm

350mm

500mm

80mm

120mm

200mm

250mm

FEEDER TYPE REPEATED


18 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• Follow feeder manufacturer installation instructions.

ANTENNA LINEDistance for feeder clamps

1/4” Superflex

3/8” Superflex

1/2” Superflex

1 /2” Feeder

7/8” Feeder

1-5/8” Feeder

Prefered

150mm

150mm

250mm

500mm

900mm

1000mm

Max

200mm

200mm

300mm

600mm

1000mm

1400mm

Cable Type Support Distance Spacing

NOTE: Given values are for NK Cables feeder cables, other manufacturers’ may have different values, check the proper values before implementation from manufacturer’s data sheets

19 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• Follow feeder manufacturer installation instructions.

RF 3/8” superflex

Support Distance Spacing

RFF 1/2” superflex

RF 1/2”

RF 7/8”

RF 1 5/8”

RF 1/4” superflex

1000mm

900mm

500mm

250mm

150mm

150mm 200mm (Max)

200mm (Max)

300mm (Max)

600mm (Max)

1000mm (Max)

1400mm (Max)

ANTENNA LINEDistance for the feeder clamps

20 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• TAKE CARE OF:• MINIMUM BENDING RADIUS • MAXIMUM PULLING FORCE • CORRECT DRUM HANDLING • CORRECT TOOL/CABLE HANDLING • ORDINARY CABLE FIXING • COMPLETE WATER STOPS

ANTENNA LINEFeeder cable installation

21 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• USE protective gloves!• CHECK the condition of the standard cutting tools.• Check the condition of the connector package

against water• Check the connector installation instructions:

correct measure / number of wave tops• Wind the cable tool in the marked direction of

the arrow. Do not press the tool more than needed

• Use correct torque in all connections

ANTENNA LINETools and connection

22 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• CRITICAL: DO NOT GO OVER maximum pulling force limit as the jacket may break.

• AVOID: jerky pulling to control the forces.• USE: smooth and even pulling.• TAKE CARE OF sharp edges, rough surfaces, extra

torsions, bend radius.

ANTENNA LINEFeeder cable installation

23 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

0 m < length < 10 m -RF 1/2"

11 m < length < 35 m -RF 7/8"

36 m < length < 50 m -RF 1-5/8"

length > 50m add MHA RF 1-5/8"

3db is general attenuation limit. The calculation above is based on the normal installation with 1.5m RFF 1/2" jumper for antenna and 3m or 4m RFF 1/2" jumper for BTS.

ANTENNA LINEFeeder type for different length

24 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• TAKE CARE OF sharp edges !• Recommended clamp distance for cables

1/2” to 1 5/8” is 1000 mm• Clamps FIXED TOO TIGHT cause rising of

the return loss• Take care of NOT TO DROP plastic

cushions• Cables shall be terminated by the resistive

load (or source) impedance equal to the characteristic impedance, which generally is 50

ANTENNA LINEFixing the RF feeder cable clamps

25 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

OK : Correct / Tidy Method

Correct open Z bend jumper shape

Stainless Steelhangar Kits andHose clampssupport jumper

Not OK :Incorrect / untidy Method

Incorrect Jumper shape

No cable supportto the pole

ANTENNA LINEAntenna jumper cable installation

26 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• The distance clamps for jumper cables is about 500mm • It is vitally important that the internal and external jumper cables

have to be supported securely. For the 1.5m jumper, minimum 2 (two) points of support are to be used, and for the 3m jumpers, minimum 4 (four) points.

1.5m jumper, used 2 securing points ( at least )


27 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• Jumpers Cables have to be installaed as straight as possible.

• Avoid additional bendings.• Follow manufacturers bending

instructions.• Proper tools have to be used during

jumper installation.• All cables have to be fixed

properly.• Prefabricated jumpers have to be

used always when possible.• On existing sites most practical

solution should be used.


28 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• Proper tools have to be used.• All connections have to be

tightened with correct torque, including unit securing screws.

• SMA connector 1-1.2Nm• N connector 1-1.7Nm• 7/16” connector 25Nm

ANTENNA LINEJumper Connection

29 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

ANTENNA LINELoose RF-connector laboratory test

• How loose RF-connector influences to performance:• It seems that also 7/16 connector is very sensitive to fixing

torque. When you loosen the connector, at first you'll get intermodulation problems, then you loose return loss values. Very easily you'll get 6...12dB return loss values, when you loosen slightly the connector (fixing torque 5...10Nm). However most of the power is still passing the loose connector, but you get VSWR alarms and insertion loss increases easily 1..2dB.

• Further, think about if you have 1,5m jumper cable with both ends loose connector. The signal reflects on the both end of jumper and the result is 3rd stage reflections. Depending the frequency and cable length (=depending of the phase of reflection), you'll get very very easily VSWR problems.

30 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• Jumper Cables have to be installed as straight as possible.



jumper installation.• All cables have to be fixed properly.• Prefabricated jumpers have to be used

always when possible.• On existing sites most practical solution

should be used.

NOT OKOK

3 meter Jumper

3 meter Jumper

OK NOT OK


31 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• Jumper Cables have to be installed as straight as possible.



jumper installation.• All cables have to be fixed properly.• Prefabricated jumpers have to be used

always when possible.• On existing sites most practical solution

should be used.• Think about future.

1.5meter Jumper

OK OK

1.5meter Jumper

OK

NOT OK

NOT OK


32 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• Storing cables indoors is recommended• Check the cable ends before installation• Protect the drum/cable ends after cutting; preferably by

heat shrinkable rubber cap • Grounding kits: sealing class IP 67. Ground wire connector

to be checked after careful pressing.

ANTENNA LINEWater stops / proofing kit

33 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

Option: 1

This is “normal” site in perfect installation method.

*All Feeder or jumper cable should be tidy inside the “cable trunking” when the Feeder cable need to be laid on the floor.Option: 2

This is “critical” site in perfect installation method.

*All Feeder or jumper cable should be tidy inside the “cable trunking” when the Feeder cable need to be laid on the floor.

ANTENNA LINEBTS feeder jumper cable installation

34 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

Option: 1

This is “normal” site in Problem installation.

*When using shorter jumper ( 2, 3 meter ), installation will be difficult. Over bending is possible when using RF7/8” or RF 1 5/8” feeder cables when installing cable tidy to “cable trunking”.

Shorter jumper

Longer jumper

ANTENNA LINEBTS feeder jumper cable installation

35 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

Site Ground Bar

If vertical rise of the RF cable is greater than 40m for every step then center earth kit is required to be

installed Ground kit

“EMP” for each feeder is

needed,If MHA used

install only the grounding kit

ANTENNA LINEFeeder grounding kits positions

36 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• The grounding kit must always be positioned on the straight part of feeder cable and never on a bend or curve in the cable.

• Grounding kit's earthing cable can be cut or extended to make grounding cable connection to busbar as straight as possible.

Acceptable installation

ANTENNA LINEFeeder grounding kit positions

37 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• An electrical screw connection consists of a cable lug, which has to be secured to a surface. A bolt, washer, locking ring and sometimes a nut are used. These items must be arranged in the following order:

- Bolt.- Locking ring.- Washer.- Cable lug.- Earthing busbar.- Washer.- Locking ring.- Nut.

• When doing up screw connections, it is important to use the correct tightening moment. The correct tightening moments for common bolt sizes are given in the table below.

• The earth impedance for a typical BTS site should be less or equal than 10 Ohm.

ANTENNA LINEScrew connection grounding system

38 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

ANTENNA LINEFEEDER GROUNDING CABLING

• All EMPs have to be connected to EMP grounding busbar

• EMP manufacturer material have to be used

• Feeders have to be grounded before the feeder entry

• All feeder grounding kits have to be connected to feeder entry grounding busbar

• Feeder grounding kit manufacturer material have to be used

• Used cable lugs have to be suitable for used grounding cable

• All cables have to be labeled on both end of the cable

• Proper tools have to be used during grounding cable installation

• All cables have to be fixed properly

EMP GROUNDING BUSBAR

FEEDER ENTRY GROUNDING

BUSBAR

39 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005


• Feeders have to be grounded after antenna jumper connection

• All feeder grounding kits have to be connected to feeder grounding busbar


• Used cable lugs have to be suitable for use with grounding cable




FEEDER GROUNDING

BUSBAR

40 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005


• Feeders have to be grounded approx. 500-1000mm before horizontal bending

• All feeder grounding kits have to be connected to feeder grounding busbar


• Used cable lugs have to be suitable for used grounding cable




FEEDER GROUNDING

BUSBAR

41 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

ANTENNA LINEEMP Grounding bar connection

To Grounding Busbar

EMPEMP

EMP earth cable

Insulated earth bar mounted on cable ladder / AM4

Jumper to BTS

To Antenna

Plastic Insulatoreach end of bar

42 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

ANTENNA LINEGrounding kit Grounding bar connection

To Grounding Busbar

Grounding kits’ earth cable

Insulated earth bar mounted on cable ladder / AM4

To BTS

To Antenna

Plastic Insulatoreach end of bar

43 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

ANTENNA LINERF connector position

Connector body must not be in contact with cable ladder. Position connectors between the ladder rungs or insulate the ladder rung with rubber sheeting.

44 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

• All outdoor antenna line connections, grounding kits and wall entries have to be weather proofed.

• Connections where weather proofing is needed:• Feeder to feeder• Feeder to antenna and MHA• Feeder to EMP and combiner (if located outdoor)

• Grounding kits have to be sealed according to manufacturer instructions.

• Wall feed through have to be properly sealed.• Ensure that all connectors are on correct torque before

sealing!

WEATHER PROOFING NEEDED

ANTENNA LINEWeather Proofing

45 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

1. CONNECTION TO BE TAPED USING APPROVED TYPE OF INSULATION TAPE 2. CONNECTION TO BE TAPED USING APPROVED TYPE OF SELF AMALGAMATING TAPE 3. CONNECTION TO BE TAPED USING APPROVED TYPE OF INSULATION TAPE

2. TWO STRETCH WRAPPED WRAPS OF SELF AMALGAMATING TAPE (STRETCH 30%, OVERLAPPING 50%)

20 50 50 20

3. THREE WRAPS OF INSULATION TAPE (OVERLAPPING 50%)

1. ONE WRAP OF INSULATION TAPE (OVERLAPPING 50%)

ANTENNA LINEFeeder to Feeder connection

46 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005


50 20

1. ONE WRAPS OF INSULATION TAPE (OVERLAPPING 50%)

CABLE TIE


ANTENNA LINEFeeder to Antenna, Combiner or MHA connection


47 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005


50 20


CABLE TIE5020

1. ONE WRAP OF INSULATION TAPE (OVERLAPPING 50%)

ANTENNA LINEFeeder to EMP connection


48 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

TWO WRAPS OF SELF AMALGAMATING TAPE (OVERLAPPING 50%)

20 50 100

20

THREE WRAPS OF INSULATION TAPE (OVERLAPPING 50%)

ANTENNA LINEFeeder to Grounding kit connection

1. CONNECTION TO BE TAPED USING APPROVED TYPE OF SELF AMALGAMATING TAPE 2. CONNECTION TO BE TAPED USING APPROVED TYPE OF INSULATION TAPE * Use this method if grounding kit is not supplied with weather proofing tapes or taping instructions

49 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

ANTENNA LINECommissioning

• Follow the instructions given in work instructions.• Fill up the return loss and insertion loss values to the site folder.• Print return loss measurements to A4 paper, sign and attach to site folder.• One (1) antenna line per one A4.• Attach measurements to site folder also on electrical format (CD-ROM). ANTENNA LINE

RETURN LOSS

50 © NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

ANTENNA LINECommissioning

• Smart has assigned the following operating frequencies:

- Reception Frequency: 1920 MHz to 1935.1 MHz- Transmit Frequency: 2110.3 MHz to 2125.1 MHz

• The commissioning of the antenna system composes of Return Loss measurements on both transmit and receive feeder for all sectors. Also antenna line attenuation and length have to be measured and filled to site folder for Node-B commissioning purposes.

• 2 separate measurements per feeder has to be done for antenna line with MHA

- Measurement 1: Feeder, Jumpers, and Antenna - Measurement 2: Feeder, Jumpers, MHA and Antenna

• Reception measurement will be carried out with in the bandwidth of 1920 MHz up to 1980 MHz with markers M1 on 1920 MHz and M2 on 1935.1 MHz. M5 peak value will identify highest measurement between M1 and M2 markers. • Transmit measurement will be carried out with in the bandwidth 2110 MHz up to 2170 MHz with markers M3 on 2110.3 MHz and M4 on 2125.1 MHz. M6 peak value will identify highest measurement between M3 and M4 markers. • The Return Loss must be less than what is specified in Nokia UltraSite WCDMA Antenna System User Manual at any point between the markers.

Antenna System Return Loss limits without MHA

Antenna System Return Loss limits with MHA

Documents

Site Cabling & Antenna Installation