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1 Republic of South Sudan Situation Report #72 on Cholera in South Sudan As at 23:59 Hours, 1 September 2015 Situation Update Two new cholera cases have been reported in Juba County today. As of 1 st September 2015, a total of 1,698 cholera cases including 46 deaths (CFR 2.71%) have been reported in South Sudan. In Juba County, a total of 1562 including 45 deaths (CFR 2.88%) from seven Payams (Table 1). In Bor, 130 cases including one death (CFR 0.77%) have been reported from Malou in Makuach Payam and other areas within the County. Table 1 and Figure 1. . Table 1. Summary of cholera cases reported in Juba and Bor Counties, 18 May 1 September, 2015 Reporting Sites New admisions New discharges New deaths Total cases currently admitted LAMA* Total facility deaths Total community deaths Total deaths Total cases discharged Total cases CES Juba County 2 5 0 11 215 26 19 45 1290 1562 IMC UN House PoC clinic 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 75 76 Juba Teaching Hospital 1 4 0 11 211 22 8 30 859 1112 MedAir Gumbo CTU 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 97 98 MedAir Gudele ORP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 HLSS Nyakuron ORP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 40 HLSS Kator ORP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 HLSS Gurei ORP 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 79 79 HLSS Munuki ORP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 HLSS Al Sabah ORP 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 20 21 HLSS Lologo ORP 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 13 14 MSF Munuki CTC 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 70 74 Other sites in Juba 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 11 18 29 Jonglei State Bor 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 1 132 136 Bor State Hospital 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 1 132 136 Total 2 5 0 11 218 27 19 46 1422 1698 *LAMA: LEAVE AGAINST MEDICAL ADVICE; CES- Central Equatoria State Figure 1: New cholera cases in Juba by residence on 1 September, 2015 During week 36 of 2015 (week of 31 st Aug- 06 Sept 2015), cholera cases originated from Munuki (3), Kator (2), Northern Bari (1) Payams. (Figures 1.1 and 3; Annex 1). 1 1 0 1 2 Kor William Gudele Block 1 Kator Northern Bari Juba Number of cases

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Page 1: Situation Report #72 on Cholera in South Sudan As at 23:59 ...reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources... · 2 Figure 1.1: New cholera cases by residence during week 36 of

1

Republic of South Sudan

Situation Report #72 on Cholera in South Sudan

As at 23:59 Hours, 1 September 2015

Situation Update Two new cholera cases have been reported in Juba County today. As of 1

st September 2015, a total of 1,698

cholera cases including 46 deaths (CFR 2.71%) have been reported in South Sudan. In Juba County, a total of 1562 including 45 deaths (CFR 2.88%) from seven Payams (Table 1). In Bor, 130 cases including one death (CFR 0.77%) have been reported from Malou in Makuach Payam and other areas within the County. Table 1 and Figure 1. . Table 1. Summary of cholera cases reported in Juba and Bor Counties, 18 May – 1 September, 2015

Reporting Sites

New admisions

New discharges

New deaths

Total cases currently admitted

LAMA*

Total facility deaths

Total community

deaths

Total deaths

Total cases discharged

Total cases

CES – Juba County 2 5 0 11 215 26 19 45 1290 1562 IMC UN House PoC clinic 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 75 76

Juba Teaching Hospital 1 4 0 11 211 22 8 30 859 1112

MedAir Gumbo CTU 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 97 98

MedAir Gudele ORP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8

HLSS Nyakuron ORP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 40

HLSS Kator ORP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7

HLSS Gurei ORP 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 79 79

HLSS Munuki ORP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4

HLSS Al Sabah ORP 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 20 21

HLSS Lologo ORP 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 13 14

MSF Munuki CTC 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 70 74

Other sites in Juba 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 11 18 29

Jonglei State – Bor 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 1 132 136

Bor State Hospital 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 1 132 136

Total 2 5 0 11 218 27 19 46 1422 1698 *LAMA: LEAVE AGAINST MEDICAL ADVICE; CES- Central Equatoria State

Figure 1: New cholera cases in Juba by residence on 1 September, 2015

During week 36 of 2015 (week of 31

st Aug- 06 Sept 2015), cholera cases originated from Munuki (3), Kator

(2), Northern Bari (1) Payams. (Figures 1.1 and 3; Annex 1).

1 1

0

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Kor William Gudele Block 1

Kator Northern Bari

Juba

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mb

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s

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2

Figure 1.1: New cholera cases by residence during week 36 of 2015

Cumulatively, 1,698 cholera cases including 46 deaths (27 facilities and 19 communities) have been reported in Juba and Bor Counties since the initial case was reported on 26 May 2015 in Juba. Of the 46 deaths, 11 (24%) occurred in children under five years while 31 (67.4%) occurred in male. Table 2: New cholera cases by facility and week in Juba and Bor Counties, 18 May – 1 September, 2015

Reporting Facility

New cases by epidemiological week of 2015

Grand Total 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

CES – Juba County 4 2 7 56 130 229 235 160 237 149 100 77 86 45 39 6 1562

JTH 0 2 2 32 119 208 207 115 146 92 52 44 44 19 25 4 1112

Juba 3 IMC clinic 4 0 4 9 6 13 10 10 11 5 2 0 1 0 1 0 76

HLSS Nyakuron ORP 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 11 2 9 3 7 1 2 0 40

HLSS Kator ORP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 7

MedAir Gudele ORP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 8

MedAir Gumbo CTU 0 0 0 0 0 5 15 20 25 10 8 9 4 3 0 98

HLSS Gurei ORP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 10 15 10 13 13 5 1 79

HLSS Munuki ORP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 4

HLSS Al Shabah ORP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 5 3 5 0 1 21

HLSS Lologo ORP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 2 1 2 2 1 0 14

MSF Munuki CTC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 18 7 7 9 6 4 0 74

Other sites in Juba 0 0 1 15 5 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 29

Jonglei State – Bor County 0 0 0 0 0 5 46 33 21 8 9 4 4 2 4 0 136

Bor State Hospital 0 0 0 0 0 5 46 33 21 8 9 4 4 2 4 0 136

Grand Total 4 2 7 56 130 234 281 193 258 157 109 81 90 47 43 6 1698

As seen from Figure 2 and 2.1, sustained and consistently increasing community transmission was established in Juba from the 6 June 2015 [23

rd epidemiological week] with two transmission peaks in week 27

and 29. Cholera cases have been declining since 20 July 2015 [30th epidemiological week].

Figure 2: Epidemic curve for cholera cases in Juba and Bor, 18 May – 1 September 2015

JS: Jonglei State; CES: Central Equatoria State; CFR: Case Fatality Rate

1 1 1 1 1 1

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Giada Kor William Gudele Block 1 Mia Sava Mauna Jebel Market

Kator Northern Bari Munuki

Juba

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01020304050607080

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JS CES CFR

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3

This decline was interrupted in week 33 during which a noticeable rise in cases was registered. This rising trend in Juba during week 33 was driven by community transmission in Gondokoro, Northern Bari, Munuki, and Rejaf Payams (Annex 1). In Bor, the initial case occurred on 26 June 2015 [26

th epidemiological week] with increasing number of cases

from week 26 to week 27 when the highest transmission peak was registered. In the subsequent weeks, successively shorter transmission peaks were registered, a trend that is consistent with declining community transmission (Figures 2 and 2.1). Figure 2.1: Cholera cases in Juba and Bor by week of onset, week 21-36 of 2015

As of 1st September 2015, the sites reporting the highest cumulative number of cholera cases included

Gumbo, New site, Juba 3 PoC, Gudele 2, Atlabara B, and Munuki with satellite cases distributed in seven Payams in Juba County (Figure 3.1). In Bor County, the majority of the cases originated from Malou, Langbar, Achingdii, Arek, and Hai Salam in Makuach Payam. Figure 3.1: Spot map for cholera cases by residence in Juba from 18 May 2015 to 1

st September 2015

4 2 7 56

130

229

235

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237

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100

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45 39

6 - -

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%]

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of

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s

Week of onset JS CES CFR[%]

Page 4: Situation Report #72 on Cholera in South Sudan As at 23:59 ...reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources... · 2 Figure 1.1: New cholera cases by residence during week 36 of

4

Within Juba County and its most affected Payams of Juba, Northern Bari, Munuki, Rejaf, and Kator, children under 10 years and young adults aged 20-34 years are the most affected while in Makuach Payam, Bor County, children under 10 years are the most affected. (Tables 3.1 and 3.2; Annex 2). Table 3.1: Cholera case distribution by age in Juba County, 18 May - 1 September 2015

Table 3.2: Cholera case distribution by age in Bor County, 18 May – 1 September 2015

*There are missing information in sex and age

Out of the 1598 cholera cases with known sex in Juba, 670 (43%) were female, while 886 (57%) were male while in Bor, 75 (58%) of the cases were females, while 55 (42%) were males (Table 4). Table 4: Case distribution by sex and age in Juba and Bor Counties, 18 May - 36 August 2015

Case distribution by sex n (%)

CES - Juba 1556

Female 670 (43)

Male 886 (57)

Jonglei state – Bor County 136

Female 79 (58)

Male 57 (42)

Grand Total 1692 *There are missing information in sex and age

The probable risk factors fueling transmission include: residing in a crowded IDP camp with poor sanitation and hygiene; using untreated water from the Water tankers; lack of household chlorination of drinking water;

96 76

46 57 88 97

55 46 31 22 17 12 11 8 7

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96

79

49

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100

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200

250

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mb

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s

Cholera case distribution by age in Juba County, week 21-34, 2015

Male

Female

42

8 5 1 1 2 10

2 3 1 3 1

37

7 3

1 1

1

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underfives

5-9years

10-14years

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65-69years

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mb

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of

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s

Cholera case distribution by age in Bor County, week 26-36, 2015

Male

Female

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5

eating food from unregulated roadside food vendors or makeshift markets; open defecation/poor latrine use; and attending/eating food at a funeral.

Laboratory updates Since the beginning of the outbreak, 139 specimen collected across the country were received at the National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), of which

41(29.5%) were positive for Vibrio Cholera O1 type including 3 (2.2%) among <5 years

80 (57.6%) negative,

14 (10.1%) pending and

4 (2.9%) rejected probably due to improper collection and transportation

Planned and On-going Activities 1. The next national cholera taskforce meeting is scheduled for Monday 07 September 2015 at 10:00 am in

the MoH Ministerial Boardroom. 2. The next cholera coordination meeting in UN House PoC is scheduled for 3 September 2015 at 11:30 am

in the RRP Boardroom.

Many thanks to the staff at CTCs, MoH at national level and state levels, especially the Department of IDSR, who have helped to gather the information presented here. Situation Reports are posted on the WHO website: http://www.who.int/hac/crises/ssd/en/ as well as on the Humanitarian Info webpage: http://southsudan.humanitarianresponse.info/clusters/health.

The MoH/WHO surveillance team welcomes feedback and data provided by individual agencies. Given the fast evolving nature of this epidemic, errors and omissions are inevitable: we will be grateful for any information that helps to rectify these. Send any comments and feedback to: E-mail: [email protected], The Toll free numbers for alerts are: Zain: 0912000098

Contacts For more information please contact:

Dr. John Rumunu Director General - Preventive Health Services MoH, Republic of South Sudan Tel: +211955668178

Dr. Thomas Akim Ujjiga Director - IDSR MoH, Republic of South Sudan Tel: +211955150406

Page 6: Situation Report #72 on Cholera in South Sudan As at 23:59 ...reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources... · 2 Figure 1.1: New cholera cases by residence during week 36 of

6

Annex: Cholera Data tables and Charts – 18 May 2015 to 1 September 2015 Annex 1: Cholera epidemic curves by Payam - 18 May to 1 September 2015

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Cholera Epidemic Curve Juba Payam 2015

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Cholera Epidemic curve Northern Bari Payam 2015

Northern Bari

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Cholera Epidemic Curve Rejaf Payam 2015

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Cholera Epidemic Curve Munuki Payam 2015

Munuki

Page 7: Situation Report #72 on Cholera in South Sudan As at 23:59 ...reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources... · 2 Figure 1.1: New cholera cases by residence during week 36 of

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Cholera Epidemic Curve Kator Payam 2015

Kator Atlabara

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Cholera Epidemic Curve Gondokoro Payam 2015

Gondokoro

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Cholera Epidemic Curve Lokiliri Payam 2015

Lokiliri

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Cholera Epidemic Curve Makuach Payam, Bor 2015

Makuach

Page 8: Situation Report #72 on Cholera in South Sudan As at 23:59 ...reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources... · 2 Figure 1.1: New cholera cases by residence during week 36 of

8

Annex 2: Cholera case distribution by age, sex and Payam – 18 May to 1 September 2015

6 5 3

6 8 8

5 3

1 2 2 2 1 1

11

3 4

7

12

23

12 12

8 3 3

1 1 0

5

10

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20

25

30

35

underfives

5-9years

10-14years

15-19years

20-24years

25-29years

30-34years

35-39years

40-44years

45-49years

50-54years

55-59years

60-64years

65-69years

70+years

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Cholera case distribution by age in Juba Payam, week 26-36, 2015

Male

Female

20

11 5

11

23

14 8

12

4 5 5 2 2 2

20

17

8

11

20 34

17

19

13 4

5 2

2 4 1 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

underfives

5-9years

10-14years

15-19years

20-24years

25-29years

30-34years

35-39years

40-44years

45-49years

50-54years

55-59years

60-64years

65-69years

70+years

Nu

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s

Cholera case distribution by age in Kator Payam, week 26-36, 2015

Male

Female

17 15 20

17

29 28

14 8 8

5 10

1 3 1

22

12

11 17

28 32

27

15 8

5 1

4 2 4 4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

underfives

5-9years

10-14years

15-19years

20-24years

25-29years

30-34years

35-39years

40-44years

45-49years

50-54years

55-59years

60-64years

65-69years

70+years

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Cholera case distribution by age in Munuki Payam, week 26-36, 2015

Male

Female

Page 9: Situation Report #72 on Cholera in South Sudan As at 23:59 ...reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources... · 2 Figure 1.1: New cholera cases by residence during week 36 of

9

25 19

8 14 13

22

9 14 12

5 2 2 3 3 2

42

26

15 11

23

26

25 18 14

6 5 4 1

0

10

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50

60

70

80

underfives

5-9years

10-14years

15-19years

20-24years

25-29years

30-34years

35-39years

40-44years

45-49years

50-54years

55-59years

60-64years

65-69years

70+years

Nu

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s Cholera case distribution by age, Northern Bari Payam, week 26-36, 2015

Male

Female

27 24

10 7

15

25

17

9 5 5 3 2 3 1 1

37 42

9

4

10

18

14

13

6 5 3

1 5

4 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

underfives

5-9years

10-14years

15-19years

20-24years

25-29years

30-34years

35-39years

40-44years

45-49years

50-54years

55-59years

60-64years

65-69years

70+years

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s

Cholera case distribution by age in Rejaf Payam, week 26-36, 2015

Male

Female

30

8 3 1 1 1

5 2 3 1 2 1

27

5

2 1

1 1 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

underfives

5-9 years 10-14years

15-19years

20-24years

25-29years

30-34years

35-39years

40-44years

45-49years

50-54years

55-59years

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s

Cholera case distribution by age, Makuach Payam, Bor week 26-36, 2015

Male

Female