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bones, skeletal system, axial and appendicular bones,
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Skeletal System: Histology and Functions
Bryan Mae Degorio
04/22/2023 Apollo Bramwell Nursing School 2
Objectives:Discuss the different functions of the skeletal
system.Identify the bones found in the axial and
appendicular skeleton.Discuss the bone histology. Discuss bone formation and repair.
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SKELETAL system…….
-Consist of bones and associated connective tissues
•Cartilage•Tendon•Ligament
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Functions of Skeletal System:
SupportProtectionMovementStorageHematopoiesis
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The Extracellular Matrix of the Bone:CollagenProteoglycanBone minerals
Structure Collagen Proteoglycan
Bone minerals
Ligament/tendon
Large
Cartilage Large Present
Bone Present Present Calcium + phosphorus (hydroxyapatite)
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Categories of Bone
Long bonesShort bonesFlat bonesIrregular boneSesamoid
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The LONG BONE…..- Usually seen extremities.- It illustrate typical parts of the
bone.• Diaphysis• Epiphyses• Medullary cavity• Articular cartilage• Periosteum• Endosteum
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The FLAT, IRREGULAR and SHORT bones….
- Consist the following parts:• Compact bone• Cancellous bone• Trabeculae
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The Bone and Cartilage TissueHISTOLOGY
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2 major types of Bones:Compact bone
- these are dense bone usually seen on the long bones (diaphysis)
• Cancellous bone- Spongy bones- contains many
spaces usually located at the epiphysis.
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Compact Bone:PeriosteumCircumferential
lamellaeHaversian system
(OSTEON) Lamella Lacuna
Osteocytes/osteoblast
Central canal Canaliculi
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z
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Cancellous bone
Located mainly on the epiphyses.
Contains trabeculae- interconnecting rods that is filled with marrow.
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The CartilageAre connective
tissue that has tough, flexible matrix made of collagen, protein and sugar.
Chondrocyte- cartilage cells located in a cartilage matrix
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The BONE formation and Repair and regulations
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Osteogenesis/Ossification
Is the formation of bone by osteoblast
Intramembranous - The develops from a fibrous connective tissue
Endocondral- The bone develops from hyaline cartilage
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Intramembranous ossification
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Endochondral ossification
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Hormonal regulation of bone…..
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Bone repair- occurs when the bone develops fracture or breaks
Major stages of bone repair:
1. hematoma formation
2. Fibrocartilaginous callus formation
3. Bony callus formation
4. Bone remodelling
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Stages of bone healing…
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Joint and its functions….
Aka: articulationWeakest part of
skeletal systemCan be classified
based on the following:
a. Structural form
b. Functions
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Structural classifications of joints:
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Fibrous joint……..
Cartilagenous joints...
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Synovial joints….The articulating bone
is separated by a fluid containing joint cavity.
5 distinguishing features:
a. Articular cartilageb. Joint cavityc. Articular capsuled. Synovial fluide. Reinforcing ligament
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