Skeletal System

Fill in the skeletal body on the back page of your packet. Use pages 134 in your text book.

Terminology 126

1. aur- 7. arthr(o)- 2. –poiesis 8. carp- 3. brachi- 9. cervic 4. oss- 10. dia- 5. burso 11. cox(a), pelv 6. –genesis 12. dactyl, digit 13. ax- 14. fov- 15. front- 16. scolio 17. corac- 18. condyl-

aur ear

poiesis production

brachi arm

oss bone

burs(o) bursa

genesis born, beginning

ax axis

front forehead

arthr(o) joint

carp wrist

cervic pertaining to the neck

dia through, across

cox, pelv hip, hip joint

dactyl, digit finger, toes

fov pit

scolio twisted

corac crows beak

condyl knob

Introduction

How many bones do you think are in the human body?

206Largest Bone?FemurSmallest Bone?Ossicles (ear bones)

Functions (5)

1.Support Body

2. Protect organs

3. Attachment of muscles

4. HemopoiesesThe bones make blood cells from embryonic month 5 on…

5. Mineral Storage

Ca2(PO4)3

Anatomy

There are basically four types of bones.

1. Long Bones

e.g.FemurRadiusulnahumerus

2. Short bones

carpals

3. Flat Bones

4. Irregular Bones

Parts of a long bone

Please color code the femur. Color code letters a-g.

Epiphysis

A. Ends of the bone (Proximal and distal)

Epiphyseal plate

A1: Cartilage growth plates on bone ends.

(Growth plate)

(hyaline) cartilage on end of bone

b bone trabeculae of spongy bone

c red marrow cavity d epiphyseal plate

(hyaline cartilage)

a Epiphyseal plate made of hyaline cartilage is responsible for long bone growth.

Note: The direction of growth is toward the diaphysis (shaft of long bone).

Also Note: The newly forming spongy bone (below the growth plate) is not clearly organized as the older spongy bone in the epiphysis above the growth plate.

Diaphysis

B. Shaft of the bone, middle part.

Articular Cartilage

C. Cartilage layer to reduce pain

and friction.

Periosteum

D. Living layer surrounding bone.

Nourishing and growth in width.

Spongy bone

Looks like a sponge.

Mostly in the epiphysis

Contains red marrow (Makes RBC’s)

Compact Bone

Close together in diaphysis.

Organized into concentric layers.

Medullary Cavity

Hole in the middle of the bone.

Filled with yellow marrow (fat for energy storage)

Surface features: (3)

1. Projections2. Depressions3. Openings

ProjectionsFor attachments

DepressionsFor joints to fit together.

OpeningsFor blood vessels and nerves.

Osseous Tissue

Matrix

Osteocyte

Mature bone cells. Maintain bones and assist and repair.