Skeletal SystemSkeletal System

FORM AND FUNCTIONFORM AND FUNCTION

FunctionFunction

SupportSupport ProtectionProtection MovementMovement Mineral StorageMineral Storage Blood ProductionBlood Production

Remember…Remember…Tissue

Epithelial

Simple and stratified•Squamous•Cuboidal•Columnar

Muscle

•Skeletal•Cardiac•Smooth

connective

•Bone•Blood•Cartilage•Loose •Adipose

nervous

•neurons

Skeletal system: The FrameworkSkeletal system: The Framework

Two basic partsTwo basic parts– CartilageCartilage

Cartilage graftCartilage graft

– BoneBone

A: CartilageA: CartilageHyaline Cartilage•Flexible support•Most abundant

•Nose•Ribs•Joint linings

Elastic Cartilage•More stretchy

•Ears•Epiglottis

Fibro-cartilage•Very strong•High stress areas

•Knee•Vertebrae

B: BonesB: Bones

Spongy Bone:•Strength and support

Bone Marrow:•Blood cell production

Compact Bone:•Protection•Mineral storage

Bones – dead or alive?Bones – dead or alive?

ALIVE!ALIVE! Contain blood vessels, nerve cells, Contain blood vessels, nerve cells,

living bone cellsliving bone cells Hard non-living material include Hard non-living material include

minerals and salts (calcium, minerals and salts (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and phosphorus, magnesium, and manganese)manganese)

Bones are growing and being Bones are growing and being replaced constantly replaced constantly

Types of BoneTypes of Bone

Long - arm/leg bones (cylinders) Long - arm/leg bones (cylinders)

Flat - skull/ribsFlat - skull/ribs

Irregular - vertebrae/face Irregular - vertebrae/face

Short – bones in wrists/anklesShort – bones in wrists/ankles

How do bones grow then?How do bones grow then?

cartilage plates calledcartilage plates calledepiphyseal plates form epiphyseal plates form new cells and increase thenew cells and increase thelength of the bone shaftlength of the bone shaft The thickness of theseThe thickness of theseplates decreases as the plates decreases as the bone length increases bone length increases and eventually process and eventually process endsends

C: ConnectionsC: Connections

Ligament:Ligament:– Made of cartilageMade of cartilage– Connects bone to Connects bone to

bonebone Tendon:Tendon:

– Made of cartilageMade of cartilage– Connects muscle to Connects muscle to

bonebone

The real dealThe real deal

Connections continuedConnections continued

Joints:Joints:– Places where two Places where two

bones meetbones meet– 6 types6 types

Fixed Fixed HingeHinge Ball and socketBall and socket GlidingGliding

Types of Joints-cont.Types of Joints-cont.

-Saddle-Saddle

-Pivot-Pivot

Saddle JointSaddle Joint

Wide range of movementWide range of movement Concave and convex surfaces meetConcave and convex surfaces meet Thumb jointThumb joint

Pivot JointPivot Joint

Allows semicircle motion by twisting Allows semicircle motion by twisting against each otheragainst each other