METHODS OF TEACHINGDr. Nicolas T. CapulongAssistant Schools Division Superintendent

I. Definition of TermsDEVICE is a little method, it is teaching aid or a toll facilitate instruction. Example: Pictures, Flash cards. Etc. (Lardizabal)METHODS the teachers procedure; an approach to instruction that has been systematically described and that can be applicable to a number of subject areas & teachers. (Webster Dictionary)TECHNIQUE refers to the art or skill of performance. (Lardizabal)STRATEGIES a planned means to achieve change; way of giving access. (Dictionary of Education)

II. MethodologyImportanceA key to success in teaching It guides learning

B. Methods of Teaching & Methods of LearningTeaching and Learning are just two sides of the same coinMethods facilitate learning; there are different ways of learning, hence, there should be different methods of teaching.Methods bridge the gap between the child and subject matter.

C. Factors that Determine MethodsThe educational objective and the aim of the lesson.Nature of the subject matter or the lesson The nature of the learnersSchool equipment and facilitiesThe teacherD. Characteristics of a Good MethodsThere is no single best methodIt makes use of the principles of learning and permits the operation of these principles.It utilizes the principles of learning of doing.It provides for individual differences.It stimulates thinking and reasoning.It provides for growth and development.

III. Types of LessonsDevelopment Lesson Is one is which something new is presented or developed.B. Review LessonIt aims to renew study of the same subject matter or to recall what has been taken up in the past and view this again from a different perspective or point of view. C. Drill LessonIt is for automatization of certain facts, habits, or skills.It aims to fix associations for permanency or to perfect a skill; for mastery.D. Application LessonIt gives the child a chance to express or supply what he has learned.E. Supervised StudyIt aims to teach children how to study a given subject in the use and mastery of the best techniques of efficient study.F. Appreciation LessonIt is designed to lead the class to understand and enjoy something.

IV. Time Tested MethodsInductive Method A discovering methodSteps PreparationPresentationComparison and abstractionGeneralizationApplicationB. Deductive Method From a generalization to specificsSteps Statement of the problem GeneralizationInferenceverification

C. Type Study Method An inductive procedure that examines one case only.StepsSelection of the topicAppreciation and motivationStatement of typical case/modelStudy of details Comparison of details with the model GeneralizationD. The Problem Method It is the purposeful activity that will remove a difficulty or perplexity through a process of reasoning. StepsRecognition and statements of the problem Statement of hypothesisCritical evaluation of suggested solutionVerification of accepted solution

E. Project MethodIt is a significant, practical unit of activity of a problematic nature planned and carried to completion by the student in a natural manner and involving the use of physical materials to complete the unit of experience.StepsPurposing PlanningExercisingEvaluatingF. Laboratory A teaching procedure dealing with firsthand experiences regarding materials or facts obtained from investigating or experimentation.StepsIntroductory stepWork periodCulminating activities

G. Demonstration or Showing MethodA teacher does the experiment before the class Steps (same as laboratory)H. Morrizon TechniqueOften uses in the teaching of geography, history, government, economicsStepsExplanationPresentationAssimilationOrganizationRecitationLecture MethodIt is more of expositionStepsPreparationPresentationComparisonGeneralizationapplication

J. Discussion ProcedurePanel forumSymposiumDebateRound tables conferenceK. Special TechniquesRole playingStepsIdentify the problemsEstablish the situation in which the action is to occurEstablishing roles and participantsPresenting the actPlaying the situationAnalyzing and evaluating the presentation

CASE STUDYPresents specific situations on problems to stimulate discussion.BUZZ SESSIONIt involves group opinion, evaluation, planning or interaction.WORKSHOPIt involves the use of the group process in activating SEMINARIs held for the purpose of solving or attempting to solve a problem.

V. Improved Instructional PracticesIntegrativeDiscoveryProcessMastery learningTeam teaching