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SKRIPSI
ANALISA PENGARUH MASSA BEBAN DAN KECEPATAN
PADA CONVEYOR BELT TERHADAP DAYA MOTOR
PEMISAH LOGAM DAN NON LOGAM BERBASIS PLC
DISUSUN OLEH :
ILHAM BAUSAT
16.11.010
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK MESIN S-1
FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI NASIONAL MALANG
2020
ii
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN
iii
BERITA ACARA UJIAN SKRIPSI
FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI
iv
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ISI SKRIPSI
v
LEMBAR ASISTENSI LAPORAN SKRIPSI
vi
vii
LEMBAR BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI
viii
ANALISA PENGARUH MASSA BEBAN DAN KECEPATAN PADA
CONVEYOR BELT TERHADAP DAYA MOTOR PEMISAH LOGAM DAN
NON LOGAN BERBASIS PLC
Ilham Bausat
Program Studi Teknik Mesin-S1, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Institut Teknologi
Nasional Malang
Jl. Raya Karanglo, Km 2 Tasikmadu, Kec. Lowokwaru, Kota Malang
Abstrak
Dengan perkembangan dunia industry conveyor belt sering digunakan sebagi media angkut, berupa beban curah dan satuan sehingga ini lah yang menjadi landasan peneliti
ingin menerapkan system conveyor belt yang berbasil PLC agar mehasiswa dapat
mengetahui dan menerapkan conveyor belt berbasis PLC. Pada penelitian ini peneliti menganalisa pengaruh massa beban dan kecepatan terhadap daya motor dengan putaran
motor yang bervariasi secara teoritis dan pengujian pada alat pemisah logam dan non
logam. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dan pengujian pada kecepatan memiliki nilai selisih yang tidak berbeda jauh, dan pada hasil perhitungan dan eksperimental daya motor memiliki
nilai selisih sangat jauh dimana nilai eksperimental pada beban 5 Kg adalah 0.54 watt, 3.57
watt dan 7.28 waat, 10 Kg adalah 1.2 watt, 3.9 watt dan 7.02 watt dan pada beban 12 Kg
1.14 watt, 3.96 wat dan 7.25 watt, disebabkan terjadinya nilai error pada pembacaan nilai teganagn dan nilai arus.
Kata kunci : Conveyor Belt, Programmable Logic Controller (PLC).
Abstract
With the development of the industrial world, conveyor belts are often used as transportation media, in the form of bulk and unit loads so that this is the basis for
researchers wanting to implement a PLC based conveyor belt system so that students can
find out and apply PLC based conveyor belts. In this study, researchers analyzed the effect of load mass and speed on motor power with varying motor rotation theoretically and tested on
metal and non-metal separators. Based on the results of calculations and tests on the speed
has a difference value that is not much different, and on the results of calculations and
experimental motor power has a very large difference in value where the experimental values at 5 Kg load are 0.54 watts, 3.57 watts and 7.28 watts, 10 Kg is 1.2 watts, 3.9 watts and 7.02
watts and at a load of 12 Kg 1.14 watts, 3.96 watts and 7.25 watts, due to the error value in
the reading of the voltage and current values.
Keywords: Conveyor Belt, Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
ix
KATA PENGANTAR
x
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ................................................................................... ii
BERITA ACARA UJIAN SKRIPSI ..................................................................... iii
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ISI SKRIPSI ........................................ iv
LEMBAR ASISTENSI LAPORAN SKRIPSI ....................................................... v
LEMBAR BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI ...................................................................... vii
ABSTRAK .................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................ ix
DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR GAMBAR............................................................................................. xii
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xiv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................ 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................................... 3
1.3 Tujuan........................................................................................................ 3
1.4 Batasan Masalah ........................................................................................ 3
1.5 Metodologi Penulisan................................................................................. 4
1.6 Sistematika Penulisan................................................................................. 4
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI .................................................................................. 6
2.1 Pengertian Conveyor .................................................................................. 6
2.2 Pengertian Belt Conveyor .......................................................................... 9
2.3 Komponen Belt Conveyor ........................................................................ 10
2.4 Karateristik Material Angkut .................................................................... 12
2.4.1 Menentukan Kapasitas Conveyor Belt Yang Dibituhkan ....................... 14
2.4.2 Menghitung Kecepatan Belt Conveyor .................................................. 15
2.4.3 Perhitungan Tegangan dan Daya Belt .................................................... 15
2.4.4 Perhitung Daya Belt .............................................................................. 16
2.4.5 Menghitung Sabuk (belt) ....................................................................... 17
2.4.6 Menghitung Transmisi Penggerak Belt Conveyor.................................. 19
2.5 Pengertian PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) ................................... 21
xi
2.6 Motor DC ................................................................................................ 22
2.6.1 Daya Dan Efisiensi Motor ..................................................................... 23
2.7 Menghitung Nilai Error Absolut () ........................................................ 25
BAB III METODOLOG PENELITIAN .............................................................. 26
3.1 Diagram Alir ............................................................................................ 26
3.2 Pengumpulan Data ................................................................................... 27
3.3 Perencanaan Penelitian ............................................................................ 27
3.4 Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian .................................................................. 28
3.5 Alat dan Bahan yang Digunakan .............................................................. 28
3.6 Perhitungan Dalam Menentukan Kecepatan Yang Sesuai Dengan
Kebutuhan Alat Pemisah Logam dan Non Logam ...................................... 45
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN................................................................ 46
4.1 Perancangan Pengerak Conveyor ............................................................. 46
4.1.1 Prinsip Kerja ......................................................................................... 46
4.1.2 Simulasi Conveyor ................................................................................ 47
4.2 Perancangan Program PLC ...................................................................... 48
4.3 Spesifikasi Perancangan ........................................................................... 49
4.4 Perhitungan Pada Conveyor .................................................................... 50
4.4.1 Menghitung Kecepatan ......................................................................... 50
4.4.2 Analisa Pengaruh Variasi Beban Terhadap Daya Motor ........................ 52
4.5 Pengujian Conveyor Pada Alat Praga ....................................................... 54
4.5.1 Hasil Pengujian Dan Analisa Data ......................................................... 54
BAB V KESIMPULAN......................................................................................... 61
5.1 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................. 61
5.2 Saran ....................................................................................................... 61
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................ 62
xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Bagan Jenis – jenis Conveyor ................................................................ 7
Gambar 2.2. Konstruksi Conveyor Belt ................................................................... 12
Gambar 2.3 Both and Discharge ............................................................................ 12
Gambar 2.4 Cara Penyambungan Sabuk ................................................................. 17
Gambar 2.5 Blok Diagram PLC .............................................................................. 22
Gambar 3.1 Diagram Alir ....................................................................................... 26
Gambar 3.2 Alat ukur (meteran) ............................................................................. 28
Gambar 3.3 Las listrik ............................................................................................ 29
Gambar 3.4 Gerinda................................................................................................ 29
Gambar 3.5 Mesin Bor Tangan ............................................................................... 30
Gambar 3.6 Avometer ............................................................................................. 30
Gambar 3.7 Akrilik ................................................................................................. 31
Gambar 3.8 Mur, Ring, Dan Baut ........................................................................... 31
Gambar 3.9 Kompresor ........................................................................................... 32
Gambar 3.10 Air Regulator ..................................................................................... 33
Gambar 3.11 Motor DC .......................................................................................... 33
Gambar 3.12 Actuator ............................................................................................. 34
Gambar 3.13 Seleoid valve ..................................................................................... 35
Gambar 3.14 PLC ................................................................................................... 36
Gambar 3.15 Arduino ............................................................................................. 36
Gambar 3.16 Conveyor ........................................................................................... 37
Gambar 3.17 LCD light .......................................................................................... 37
Gambar 3.18 Load cell ............................................................................................ 38
xiii
Gambar 3.19 Push button ........................................................................................ 38
Gambar 3.20 Pengatur Kecepatan Motor ................................................................. 39
Gambar 3.21 Power supply ..................................................................................... 39
Gambar 3.22 Kabel Jumper..................................................................................... 40
Gambar 3.23 Banana Plug ...................................................................................... 41
Gambar 3.24 Banana Socket ................................................................................... 41
Gambar 3.25 Selang................................................................................................ 42
Gambar 3.26 Sambungan / Fitting ........................................................................... 43
Gambar 3.27 Silencer ............................................................................................. 43
Gambar 3.28 Jangka Sorong ................................................................................... 44
Gambar 3.29 Tachometer ........................................................................................ 44
Gambar 4.1 Desain Conveyor ................................................................................. 46
Gambar 4.2 Simulasi Conveyor .............................................................................. 47
Gambar 4.3 Diagram ladder pada PLC .................................................................... 48
Gambar 4.4 Implementasi Program ON/OFF .......................................................... 48
Gambar 4.5 Implementasi Progam Mendeteksi Logam ........................................... 49
Gambar 4.6 Grafik Hubungan Kecepatan Teoritis Dan Kecepatan Eksperimental .. 55
Gambar 4.7 Grafik Hasil Perhitungan Dan Eksperimental Pengaruh Variasi Beban
Terhadap Putaran Motor ......................................................................................... 57
Gambar 4.8 Grafik Efisiensi Motor ........................................................................ 58
xiv
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Pengelompokan Material Menurut Ukuran Partake ................................. 13
Tabel 2.2 Material Density ..................................................................................... 13
Tabel 2.3 Sudut–Sudut Yang Dibentuk Dari Ukuran Karakteristik Materia ............ 14
Tabel 4.1 Hasil Teoritis Kecepatan dan Eksperimental Kecepatan........................... 55
Tabel 4.2 Tebel Hasil Perhitungan dan Eksperimental Pengaru Variasi Beban
Terhadap Daya Motor ............................................................................................. 56
Tabel 4.3 Tabel Hasil Perhitungan Efisiensi Pada Motor ......................................... 58
Tabel 4.4 Faktor Error Pada Kecepatan ................................................................... 59
Tabel 4.5 Faktor Error Daya Motor (Watt) .................Error! Bookmark not defined.
