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7/28/2019 Skull, Bones, Anatomy
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Introduction
Bones of the Skull
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The Axial Skeleton
Eighty bones segregated into three regions
Skull
Vertebral column
Bony thorax
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Axial Skeleton
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The Skull
Formed by the cranium and facial bones
Cranium
protects the brain
site of attachment for head and neck muscles
Facial bones
Provide framework of the face, the sense organs,
and the teeth Provide openings for the passage of air and food
Anchor the facial muscles of expression
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Skull: Anterior View
Figure 7.2a
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Anatomy of the Cranium
Eight cranial bones two parietal, two
temporal, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and
ethmoid
Cranial bones are thin and remarkably strong
for their weight
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Frontal Bone
Forms the anterior portion of the cranium
Articulates posteriorly with the parietal bones
via the coronal suture
Major landmarks include
supraorbital margins,
anterior cranial fossa,
frontal sinuses
(internal and lateral to the glabella)
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Skull: Anterior View
Figure 7.2a
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Skull: Posterior View
Figure 7.2b
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Parietal Bones and Major Associated Sutures
Figure 7.3a
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Parietal Bones and Major Associated Sutures
Coronal suture articulation between parietal
bones and frontal bone anteriorly
Sagittal suture where right and left parietal
bones meet superiorly
Lambdoid suture where parietal bones meet
the occipital bone posteriorly
Squamosal or squamous suture where
parietal and temporal bones meet
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Occipital Bone and its Landmarks Major landmarks
include
posterior cranialfossa,
foramenmagnum,
occipitalcondyles,
hypoglossalcanal
Figure 7.2b
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Occipital Bone and its Landmarks
Figure 7.4b
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Temporal Bones
Divided into four major regions
squamous,
tympanic,
mastoid,
petrous
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Temporal Bones
Major landmarks include
the zygomatic, styloid, and mastoid processes,
and the mandibular and middle cranial fossae
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Temporal Bones
Major openings include
the stylomastoid and jugular foramina,
the external and internal auditory meatuses,
and the carotid canal
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Temporal Bones
Figure 7.5
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Sphenoid Bone
Butterfly-shaped bone that spans the width of the middlecranial fossa
Forms the central wedge that articulates with all othercranial bones
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Sphenoid Bone
Figure 7.6a, b
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Sphenoid Bone
Consists of
central body,
greater wings,
lesser wings, and pterygoid processes
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Sphenoid Bone
Figure 7.6a, b
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Sphenoid Bone
Major landmarks:
the sella turcica,
hypophyseal fossa,
and the pterygoid processes
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Sphenoid Bone
Figure 7.6a, b
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Sphenoid Bone
Major openings include:
the foramina rotundum, ovale, and spinosum;
the optic canals;
and the superior orbital fissure
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Sphenoid Bone
Figure 7.6a, b
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Ethmoid Bone
Most deep of the skull bones; lies between
the sphenoid and nasal bones
Forms most of the bony area between the
nasal cavity and the orbits
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Ethmoid Bone
Figure 7.7
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Ethmoid Bone
Major landmarks include
cribriform plate,
crista galli,
perpendicular plate,
nasal conchae,
and the ethmoid sinuses
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Ethmoid Bone
Figure 7.7
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Facial Bones
Fourteen bones of which only the mandible
and vomer are unpaired
The paired bones are the maxillae, zygomatics,
nasals, lacrimals, palatines, and inferior
conchae
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Anterior Aspects of the Skull
Figure 7.2a
M dibl d I M ki
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Mandible and Its Markings
The mandible (lower jawbone) is the largest,strongest bone of the face
Its major markings include the coronoid process,
mandibular condyle,
the alveolar margin,
and the mandibular and mental foramina
M dibl d It M ki
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Mandible and Its Markings
Figure 7.8a
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Maxillary Bones
Medially fused bones that make up the upper
jaw and the central portion of the facial
skeleton
Facial keystone bones that articulate with all
other facial bones except the mandible
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Maxillary Bone
Figure 7.8b
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Maxillary Bone
Their major markings include
palatine, frontal, and zygomatic processes,
the alveolar margins,
inferior orbital fissure,
and the maxillary sinuses
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Maxillary Bone
Figure 7.8b
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Zygomatic Bones
Irregularly shaped bones (cheekbones) that
form the prominences of the cheeks and the
inferolateral margins of the orbits
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External Lateral Aspects of the Skull
Figure 7.3a
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Anterior Aspects of the Skull
Figure 7.2a
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Other Facial Bones
Nasal bones thin medially fused bones that
form the bridge of the nose
Lacrimal bones contribute to the medial walls
of the orbit and contain a deep groove called thelacrimal fossa that houses the lacrimal sac
Palatine bones two bone plates that form
portions of the hard palate, the posterolateralwalls of the nasal cavity, and a small part of the
orbits
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Anterior Aspects of the Skull
Figure 7.2a
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External Lateral Aspects of the Skull
Figure 7.3a
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Other Facial Bones
Vomer
plow-shaped bone that forms part of
the nasal septum
Inferior nasal conchae paired, curved bones
in the nasal cavity that form part of the lateral
walls of the nasal cavity
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Midsagittal Lateral Aspects of the Skull
Figure 7.3b
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Inferior Portion of the Skull
Figure 7.4a
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Inferior Portion of the Skull
Figure 7.4b
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Orbits
Bony cavities in which the eyes are firmly
encased and cushioned by fatty tissue
Formed by parts of seven bones frontal,
sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, palatine,
lacrimal, and ethmoid
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Orbits
Figure 7.9b
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Nasal Cavity
Constructed of bone and hyaline cartilage
Roof formed by the cribriform plate of the
ethmoid
Lateral walls
formed by the superior and middleconchae of the ethmoid, the perpendicular plate
of the palatine, and the inferior nasal conchae
Floor
formed by palatine process of the maxillaeand palatine bone
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Nasal Cavity
Figure 7.10a
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Nasal Cavity
Figure 7.10b
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Paranasal Sinuses
Mucosa-lined, air-filled sacs found in five skull
bones the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and
paired maxillary bones
Air enters the paranasal sinuses from the
nasal cavity and mucus drains into the nasal
cavity from the sinuses
Lighten the skull and enhance the resonanceof the voice
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Paranasal Sinuses