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Skull Comparison and Analysis Lab
Part 1: Biological Sex
Step 1: Biological Sex
q Observe the skull and each skull feature listed q Fill in Table 1 for Biological Sex q Look at the following images to compare male vs. female features
q Male is more square and small. q Female is rounded and large.
Frontal Bone: Sloping or Vertical
Male Female
hGp://www.juniordenJst.com/differenJate-‐male-‐skull-‐female-‐skull.html
Glabella -‐ area between nose and eyebrows q Male, protrudes from face q Female, more rounded
Supraorbital Ridge/Brow: More or Less Pronounced
hGp://www.juniordenJst.com/differenJate-‐male-‐skull-‐female-‐skull.html
Male Female
Supraorbital ridge is less pronounced and flaGer in females
Glabella -‐ area between nose and eyebrows q Male, protrudes from face (see above) q Female, smooth, rounded (see above)
Glabella: Protrudes or Smooth
hGp://www.juniordenJst.com/differenJate-‐male-‐skull-‐female-‐skull.html
Male
Female
q Male is more square and small. q Female is rounded and large.
Orbit Shape: Squarish or Roundish
Male Female
hGp://www.juniordenJst.com/differenJate-‐male-‐skull-‐female-‐skull.html
q Run your finger along the upper orbit to feel for the following: q Male is blunt and smoother. q Female is sharper
Supraorbital Margins: Blunt or Sharp
Male Female
hGp://www.juniordenJst.com/differenJate-‐male-‐skull-‐female-‐skull.html
Supraorbital margin blunt in males
Supraorbital margin sharp in females
Mastoid Process: Larger wider or Smaller narrower
hGp://www.juniordenJst.com/differenJate-‐male-‐skull-‐female-‐skull.html
Male
Female
Larger, wider and more protruding mastoid process
Smaller, narrower and less protruding mastoid process
q Males the zygomaJc arch is wider q Females the zygomaJc arch is narrower
Zygomatic Bone: Wider or Narrower
hGp://www.juniordenJst.com/differenJate-‐male-‐skull-‐female-‐skull.html
q Males mandible bone is square or U-‐Shaped q Females mandible bone is pointed or V-‐shaped
Mandible Shape: Squarish/U or Triangular/V
hGp://www.juniordenJst.com/differenJate-‐male-‐skull-‐female-‐skull.html
q Males: Angle of the Ramus is generally close to 90 degrees and ascending part of the Ramus is straight.
q Females: Angle is obtuse (between 90 and 180) and ascending part is slanted.
Mandibular Ramus: 90º or Greater than 90º
hGp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_mandible
Male Female
q Male is larger and has straighter edges q Female is more rounded to absent
Nuchal Crest: Present or Absent
hGp://www.juniordenJst.com/differenJate-‐male-‐skull-‐female-‐skull.html
Male Female
Overall Skull Surface Texture: Rough or Smooth
hGp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramus_of_the_mandible
Glabella
More pronounced Zygomatic bones for muscle attachment
Sharp Supraorbital Margins
Orbit Shape
Square
Round
Rough Texture Smoother Texture
