Slavery & the WestSlavery & the WestChapter 12,Section 2Chapter 12,Section 2

The American Journey, The American Journey, GlencoeGlencoe

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Questions for the NationQuestions for the Nation

Should slavery be permitted to spread to Should slavery be permitted to spread to the West?the West?

Should slavery be abolished throughout Should slavery be abolished throughout the nation? the nation? For awhile northerners & southerners settled For awhile northerners & southerners settled

their differences through compromises.their differences through compromises.Later, violence became more and more Later, violence became more and more

common. common.

Question of SeccessionQuestion of Seccession In 1820, Thomas Jefferson, now In 1820, Thomas Jefferson, now

in his 70’s, feared that the issue in his 70’s, feared that the issue of slavery would tear the North & of slavery would tear the North & South apart.South apart.

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln Member of the anti-slavery Member of the anti-slavery

Republican PartyRepublican Party Elected President in 1860Elected President in 1860 Southern states withdraw from Southern states withdraw from

UnionUnion North & South prepare for warNorth & South prepare for war

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Missouri Compromise of 1820Missouri Compromise of 1820 Missouri asked to join the Union Missouri asked to join the Union

as a slave stateas a slave state This would upset the balance of This would upset the balance of

power in the Senate and give the power in the Senate and give the South a majority.South a majority.

Senator Henry Clay proposed Senator Henry Clay proposed Maine enter as a free state to Maine enter as a free state to balance out Missouri entering as balance out Missouri entering as a slave state a slave state = Missouri = Missouri CompromiseCompromise Kept the number of slave & free Kept the number of slave & free

states equalstates equal Mason Dixon Line, latitude 36, 30 Mason Dixon Line, latitude 36, 30

N – slavery permitted in N – slavery permitted in Louisiana Purchase south of that Louisiana Purchase south of that line and banned north of the lineline and banned north of the line

Henry ClayAuthor of the Missouri Compromise

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Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

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Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso Northerners afraid of slavery Northerners afraid of slavery

extending into the Westextending into the West David Wilmot David Wilmot

Pennsylvania CongressmanPennsylvania Congressman Called for a law to ban slavery in Called for a law to ban slavery in

any of the territory won from any of the territory won from Mexico (war in 1848)Mexico (war in 1848)

Southerners were against Wilmot Southerners were against Wilmot ProvisoProviso Stated that Congress had no right Stated that Congress had no right

to ban slavery in western to ban slavery in western territoriesterritories

1846, Result = passed in House; 1846, Result = passed in House; defeated in Senate defeated in Senate

Question about slavery in the West Question about slavery in the West continuedcontinued

Letters against the Wilmont Proviso

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Opposing ViewsOpposing Views Sectionalism strengthened Sectionalism strengthened

by Mexican American-Warby Mexican American-War Sectionalism = loyalty to Sectionalism = loyalty to

a state or section rather a state or section rather than to the whole countrythan to the whole country

SouthernersSoutherners Supported slavery Supported slavery Slaveholders wanted Slaveholders wanted

slavery allowed in slavery allowed in territories & demanded territories & demanded that runaway slaves be that runaway slaves be returned returned

Saw North as a growing Saw North as a growing threat to their way of lifethreat to their way of life

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Opposing ViewsOpposing Views NorthNorth

Many saw South as a foreign country where American Many saw South as a foreign country where American rights & liberties did not existrights & liberties did not exist

Abolitionists wanted slavery ended throughout the U.S.Abolitionists wanted slavery ended throughout the U.S. Moderates = people who didn’t agree with Northerners or Moderates = people who didn’t agree with Northerners or

Southerners Southerners Wanted a little of each with modificationsWanted a little of each with modifications Supported popular sovereignty – allowing voters in new Supported popular sovereignty – allowing voters in new

territories to decide for themselves whether or not to allow territories to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slaveryslavery

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California to Enter California to Enter the Unionthe Union

California wanted to enter Union as a free stateCalifornia wanted to enter Union as a free state 1849 – 15, free states, 15 slave states – 1849 – 15, free states, 15 slave states –

California would upset this balance of power in California would upset this balance of power in the Senatethe Senate

There was also a chance that Oregon, Utah, & There was also a chance that Oregon, Utah, & New Mexico might join as free states.New Mexico might join as free states.

South was upset & many were afraid South South was upset & many were afraid South would secede from Unionwould secede from Union

Compromise of 1850 helped settle things for the Compromise of 1850 helped settle things for the time beingtime being

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Compromise of 1850Compromise of 18501.1. California joined Union as a California joined Union as a

free statefree state2.2. Land from Mexican Cession Land from Mexican Cession

divided into territories of New divided into territories of New Mexico & UtahMexico & Utah

• Voters would decide Voters would decide slavery question slavery question (popular sovereignty)(popular sovereignty)

3.3. Slavery ended in Washington, Slavery ended in Washington, D.C.D.C.

4.4. Included stricter fugitive Included stricter fugitive slave lawslave law

Senator John C. Calhoun of Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina made demanded South Carolina made demanded item or else the South would item or else the South would secedesecede

5.5. Settled border dispute between Settled border dispute between Texas & New MexicoTexas & New Mexico http://ap.grolier.com/images/cache/132/pl502.jpg

Henry Clay proposing Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

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Fugitive Slave Law of 1850Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 Made it harder for Northerners to Made it harder for Northerners to

ignore the Fugitive Slave Law and ignore the Fugitive Slave Law and required all citizens to help catch required all citizens to help catch runaway slavesrunaway slaves

You could be fined $1,000 & You could be fined $1,000 & sentenced to 6 months in jail for sentenced to 6 months in jail for letting slaves escapeletting slaves escape

North resented, or hated, the new North resented, or hated, the new slave lawslave law It made them feel like they were part of It made them feel like they were part of

the slave system by being forced to the slave system by being forced to capture runaway slaves.capture runaway slaves.

It convinced the North that slavery was It convinced the North that slavery was wrong.wrong. http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/score_lessons/impact/caution.jpg

Political Cartoon of Fugitive Slave Law http://loc.harpweek.com/LCPoliticalCartoons/DisplayCartoonMedium.asp?MaxID=12&UniqueID=13&Year=1851&YearMark=1787

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QuestionsQuestions1.1. Describe three different views on the issue of Describe three different views on the issue of

slavery in the west. slavery in the west.

2.2. What were the results of the Compromise of the What were the results of the Compromise of the 1850? 1850? (explain the five parts)(explain the five parts)

3.3. How did the Compromise of 1850 create new How did the Compromise of 1850 create new conflict over the slavery issue? conflict over the slavery issue? (hint: Fugitive Slave Law)(hint: Fugitive Slave Law)