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Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS Exercise Physiologist at Intermountain Healthcare LiVe well Center; St. George, Utah Objectives: Explain how chronic sleep deprivation increases obeasity risk and other weight related morbidities Discuss the functions of physical activity, hormonal and metabolic changes that takes place when sleep duration is compensated Express how exercise can be used to help improve sleep quality and duration Describe why proper sleep habits are vital to weight management and overall health

Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

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Page 1: Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

Sleep/Exercise Relationship

Kevin Weston, BS Exercise Physiologist at Intermountain Healthcare LiVe well Center;

St. George, Utah

Objectives: • Explain how chronic sleep deprivation increases obeasity risk and

other weight related morbidities • Discuss the functions of physical activity, hormonal and metabolic

changes that takes place when sleep duration is compensated • Express how exercise can be used to help improve sleep quality and

duration • Describe why proper sleep habits are vital to weight management

and overall health

Page 2: Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

Chronic Sleep Deprivation:  

Its Relationship to Exercise and Weight Gain 

Kevin Weston B.S. – Exercise Physiologist 

Page 3: Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

Kevin Weston B.S. Exercise Science – Brigham 

Young University 

Certified Exercise Physiologist –American College of Sports Medicine

Certified Personal Trainer –National Academy of Sports Medicine & The Cooper Institute

Certified Balance & Mobility Instructor

Currently pursuing graduate degree in Applied Exercise Science

Married to a beautiful wife and a father to 2 little girls. 

Page 4: Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

People live busy, hectic and 

many times, sleep deprived lives.

Page 5: Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

2 variables examined:30 % OF AMERICANS SLEEPING <6 HOURS 34 % OBESITY RATE IN AMERICA 

From the years 2005 ‐ 2007

Source: CDC

Page 6: Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

Is there an association between sleep duration and weight gain?

If so, how many hours are needed to help prevent weight gain and/or 

obesity?

Page 7: Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

Physical activity changes 

Metabolic changes

Hormonal changes

Sleep deprivation and its affect on:

Page 8: Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

Physical Activity  Changes

• Daytime fatigue from poor sleep can affect exercise effectiveness.

• In addition, exercise can be used as a low cost intervention for mid‐to‐older adults with sleep deprivation or certain disorders.

Source: Yang, P., & Ho, K. (2012). Exercise training improves sleep quality in middle‐aged and older adults with sleep problems: A systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy, 58, 157‐163.

Page 9: Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

Small amounts of routine physical activity can improve sleep

Source:  Grandner MA, Patel NP, Perlis ML, et al.  Obesity, diabetes, and exercise associated with sleep‐related complaints in the American population. Z Gesundh Wiss. 2011 Oct;19(5):463‐474.

Participants who reported getting any exercise at all in the past month were 1/3 less likely to report sleep problems and 1/2 as likely to report daytime tiredness.

For older adults with chronic insomnia or individuals with obstructive sleep apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. 

Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or a relaxing bedtime routine that includes stretching or yoga. 

However, exercise alone is unlikely to correct a sleep problem.

Page 10: Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

Fitness Sleep TrackersTechnology that can help bring sleep awareness to the people. 

Page 11: Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

Analysis that 2 different fitness trackers provides

This a real client and the actual data that she provided 

Page 12: Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

Should you recommend a fitness/sleep tracker? Depends…Primary Advantage:

Brings awareness of how activity, food intake and quality sleep are vital to overall health 

success. 

Primary Disadvantage:

People can become too emotionally attached to the tracker data, hindering their progress, rather then helping. (Common to weighing yourself 

everyday, if trying to lose weight.)

Page 13: Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

Metabolic Changes Concurrent partial sleep deprivation has 

detrimental effects on:• Blood glucose levels• Carbohydrate metabolism • Overall endocrine function

Source: Van Cauter, E., Spiegel, K., Tasali, E., & Leproult, R. (2008). Metabolic consequences of sleep and sleep loss. Sleep Medicine, 9(1), 23‐28 

Page 14: Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

Sleep and its relationship to…DIABETES

A meta‐analysis of 10 prospective studies showed a stronger association in men and development of diabetes when sleep deprived. 

Suppression of slow wave sleep (SWS) in young healthy adults w/out reduction of sleep time, resulted in decrease insulin sensitivity and reduced glucose tolerance. 

10‐year Nurses Health Study showed those who slept 5 hours or less had a significantly higher risk of becoming diabetic.

In addition, having diabetes can impair sleep quality. 

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Poor sleep quality associated with high blood pressure / hypertension prevalence. However, these associations were found in long sleepers as well. 

More rigorous studies are needed to fully understand this association. 

Source: Knutson, K. (2010). Sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk: A review of the epidemiologic evidence. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 24(5), 731‐743.

Page 15: Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

Hormonal Changes • Increase in Cortisol (stress hormone)

• Reduction in Growth Hormone (GH)

• Decrease in Leptin (satiety‐promoting hormone)

• Increase in Ghrelin (appetite‐promoting hormone)

Source: Markwald, R. R., Melanson, E. L., Smith, M. R., Higgins, J., Perreault, L., Eckel, R. H., & Wright, K. P. (2013). Impact of insufficient sleep on total daily energy expenditure, food intake, and weight gain. 

Page 16: Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

Hormone Release is modulated by sleep

Both GH and cortisol hormones have important roles in glucose metabolism, but are adversely affected by acute and chronic sleep deprivation. 

Evidence seems to indicate that dysfunction of glucose metabolism and obesity risk are likely outcomes of changes in metabolic hormone release from chronic sleep deprivation. 

Source: Van Cauter, E., Spiegel, K., Tasali, E., & Leproult, R. (2008). Metabolic consequences of sleep and sleep loss. Sleep Medicine, 9(1), 23‐28 

Page 17: Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

Other take home messages…Short sleep duration is associated with increase prevalence of obesity in adults and children.

In fact, associations between sleep and BMI/obesity appear stronger at younger ages. 

Short sleep (<6 h) and long (>9 h) duration is associated with increase risk of diabetes and hypertension in adults. 

Knutson, K. (2010). Sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk: A review of the epidemiologic evidence. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 24(5), 731‐743.

Page 18: Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

In conclusion…There appears to be association 

between:

Chronic sleep deprivation & weight management

Although there is much to be studied and examined, consistently sleeping less than 6 

hours a night seems to have negative effects on multiple systems in the body, many of which appear to escalate the risk 

of increased body weight. 

Page 19: Sleep/Exercise Relationship Kevin Weston, BS...apnea, a more regimented exercise program may produce benefits for their sleep. Recommendation of aerobic exercise in the morning or

Recommendation:To help manage your weight:

Avoid sleeping less than 6 hours for multiple days a week. 

Try to get at least 7, ideally 8 hours of sleep each night for most adults.