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Slide 1
An Analysis of Flooding An Analysis of Flooding Aboard the RMS TitanicAboard the RMS Titanic
bybyCapt. Charles Weeks, Jr.Capt. Charles Weeks, Jr.
Titanic SymposiumMaine Maritime Acedemy
April 24, 2004
Slide 2
General Deck PlansGeneral Deck Plans
• Passenger and Crew Areas Color Passenger and Crew Areas Color CodedCoded
• WT Bulkheads and Doors IndicatedWT Bulkheads and Doors Indicated
• Probably Location of Gates IndicatedProbably Location of Gates Indicated
Slide 3
Boat DeckBoat Deck
Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door
Slide 4
A DeckA Deck
Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door
Slide 5
B DeckB Deck
Ports
Ports
Port Ports
Ports
Port
Port
Gate Buckley Climbed Over
Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door
Slide 6
C DeckC Deck
Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door
Slide 7
D DeckD Deck
Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door
Slide 8
E DeckE Deck
PortPortAshPort
PortPort
PortPortPortPortPort
Escape Doors from Boilers Rms and Enginge Rms
Bostwick Gate Up(NARA Plans)
Bostwick Gate(NARA Plans)
First or Second ClassCtd as First
First or Second ClassCtd as Second
Possible Location of Doors (Gates?)
Between First and Second Class
Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door
Slide 9
F DeckF Deck
Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door
Slide 10
G DeckG Deck
Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door
Slide 11
Orlop DeckOrlop Deck
Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door
Slide 12
Tank TopTank Top
All Watertight Doors Operated from Bridge
slide #Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door
Slide 13
Testimony re FloodingTestimony re FloodingAmerican and British American and British
InquiriesInquiries
Slide 14
Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBarrett 2340 (1868)Barrett 2340 (1868)
Slide 15
Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBarrett 2340 (1917)Barrett 2340 (1917)
Slide 16
Wreck Commissioner’s Wreck Commissioner’s ReportReport2340+2340+
Slide 17
Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBuley Buley 2340+ (Day 7 USA)2340+ (Day 7 USA)
Slide 18
Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyHendrickson Hendrickson 2345 (4856-4866)2345 (4856-4866)
Slide 19
Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyHendrickson, Sheirs 2340-2350 Hendrickson, Sheirs 2340-2350
(4559)(4559)
Slide 20
Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBarrett Barrett 2340+ 2350+ (Day 18 2340+ 2350+ (Day 18
USA)USA)
Slide 21
Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyPoingdestre Poingdestre 2340-2350 (2821-2340-2350 (2821-
2)2)
Slide 22
Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBarrett Barrett 2350 (1926)2350 (1926)
Slide 23
Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBeauchamp Beauchamp 2350+ (671+)2350+ (671+)
Slide 24
Wreck Commissioner’s Wreck Commissioner’s Report Report Flooding in the First 10 Flooding in the First 10
Min. Min.
Poingdestre 2821-2Poingdestre 2821-2Hendrickson 859, 4856-66, 4870, 4849Hendrickson 859, 4856-66, 4870, 4849
Slide 25
Wreck Commissioner’s Wreck Commissioner’s ReportReport
23502350
Slide 26
Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBoxhall Boxhall 2350-2400 (15374, 15390)2350-2400 (15374, 15390)
0000
0005-0010
Slide 27
Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBarrett 2350-0040 (1669, 2034, 2039, Barrett 2350-0040 (1669, 2034, 2039,
2141)2141)
23500040
Slide 28
Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBarrett (1969, 2038, 2039, 2041)Barrett (1969, 2038, 2039, 2041)
2350Rush of WaterBetween Bulkheads
Slide 29
Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyLee and PitmanLee and Pitman
Lee 0000 (2455, 249, 24, 85)Lee 0000 (2455, 249, 24, 85)Pitman 0000 (14962, 14965)Pitman 0000 (14962, 14965)
Slide 30
Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyPitman Pitman 0000 (14548-49)0000 (14548-49)
WTDs Not Closed at This Time
Slide 31
Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyJohnson Johnson 0005 (3397)0005 (3397)
Slide 32
Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyPoingdestre 0010-0025 (2872, 3178)Poingdestre 0010-0025 (2872, 3178)
Bulkhead Gives Way Starboard to Port
Slide 33
Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyPoingdestre Poingdestre 0020 (2894-61)0020 (2894-61)
Slide 34
Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBarrett (1869, 1874)Barrett (1869, 1874)
Slide 35
Still Dry. No Damage Aft of #4 Boiler Rm.All WTDs Aft of Main ER Opened0010 WTD Aft of #4 Boiler Rm. Opened
Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyDillon 0120 (3816), Caroll 0120 (4287-Dillon 0120 (3816), Caroll 0120 (4287-
4263)4263)
Slide 36
Inquiry Testimony 0135Inquiry Testimony 0135Lee, Rowe, Jewell, and LightollerLee, Rowe, Jewell, and Lightoller
D LoweredLee (2541), Rowe (17688-89),Lee (2541), Rowe (17688-89),
Jewell (167), and Lightoller (14081, 14023)Jewell (167), and Lightoller (14081, 14023)
Slide 37
The Sinking of RMS Titanic: The Sinking of RMS Titanic: Investigated by Modern Investigated by Modern
TechniquesTechniquesby by
C. Hackett, Senior Naval Architect, C. Hackett, Senior Naval Architect, Harland and Wolff and Harland and Wolff and
J. G. Bedford, Retired Chief Naval J. G. Bedford, Retired Chief Naval Architect, Harland and WolffArchitect, Harland and Wolff
© 1996 The Royal Institution of Naval Architects© 1996 The Royal Institution of Naval Architects
Presented to a joint meeting of The Royal Instiute of Naval Presented to a joint meeting of The Royal Instiute of Naval Architects (RINA) and the Institution of Engineers and Architects (RINA) and the Institution of Engineers and
Shipbuilders in Scotland (IESIS)Shipbuilders in Scotland (IESIS)
Slide 38
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford10 Min. Post Collision (2350)10 Min. Post Collision (2350)
Slide 39
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford20 Min. Post Collision (2400)20 Min. Post Collision (2400)
Slide 40
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford40 Min. Post Collision (0020)40 Min. Post Collision (0020)
Slide 41
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford60 Min. Post Collision (0040)60 Min. Post Collision (0040)
Slide 42
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 1Hr 25 Min. Post Collision (0120) 1Hr 25 Min. Post Collision (0120)
Slide 43
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 2Hrs 30 Min. Post Collision (0210) 2Hrs 30 Min. Post Collision (0210)
Slide 44
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 10 Min. Post Collision (2350) 10 Min. Post Collision (2350)
Tank Top and Lower OrlopTank Top and Lower Orlop
Peak tank, cargo areas flood
Slide 45
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 10 Min. Post Collision (2350) 10 Min. Post Collision (2350)
Orlop DeckOrlop Deck
1st & 2nd Class baggage area and mail room flood
Slide 46
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 20 Min. Post Collision (2400) 20 Min. Post Collision (2400)
Orlop DeckOrlop Deck
Cargo areas flood
Slide 47
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 40 Min. Post Collision (0020) 40 Min. Post Collision (0020)
Orlop DeckOrlop Deck
Boiler Rooms 5 & 6 flood
Slide 48
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 40 Min. Post Collision (0020) 40 Min. Post Collision (0020)
G DeckG Deck
Slide 49
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 40 Min. Post Collision (0020) 40 Min. Post Collision (0020)
F DeckF Deck
Slide 50
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 60 Min. Post Collision (0040) 60 Min. Post Collision (0040)
Orlop DeckOrlop Deck
Chain locker and storage floods
Slide 51
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 60 Min. Post Collision (0040) 60 Min. Post Collision (0040)
G DeckG Deck
Chain locker, Storage Area, and Boiler Room 6 flood
Slide 52
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 60 Min. Post Collision (0040) 60 Min. Post Collision (0040)
F DeckF Deck
Chain locker, Storage Area, and Compartments 5 & 6 flood
Slide 53
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 60 Min. Post Collision (0040) 60 Min. Post Collision (0040)
E DeckE Deck
Slide 54
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 60 Min. Post Collision (0040) 60 Min. Post Collision (0040)
D DeckD Deck
Slide 55
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 2 hrs. 5 Min. Post Collision 2 hrs. 5 Min. Post Collision
(0145) (0145) D DeckD Deck
1st Class Cabins flood
Slide 56
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 2 hrs. 5 Min. Post Collision 2 hrs. 5 Min. Post Collision
(0145) (0145) C DeckC Deck
Slide 57
Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford
Green 10 min. past collisionBlue 20 min. past collisionPurple 40 min. past collision
Orange 60 min. past collisionPink 1 Hr. 25 min. past collisionRed 2 Hrs. 30 min. past collision
Slide 58
Titanic at 2:00 A.M.Titanic at 2:00 A.M.by by
Paul J. QuinnPaul J. Quinn19971997
Slide 59
Quinn 2:00 a.m.Quinn 2:00 a.m.p. 29p. 29
“…water washed against the formast.”
Slide 60
Quinn 2:00 a.m.Quinn 2:00 a.m.p. 29p. 29
B DeckBow and Forward Well Deck go under.
Slide 61
Quinn 2:00 a.m.Quinn 2:00 a.m.p. 35p. 35
Water not yet up to D Deck on Grand Staircase.First Class areas along A, B, and C Decks virtually untouched.
0100
0200
Slide 62
Quinn 2:00 a.m.Quinn 2:00 a.m.p. 35p. 35
B DeckForward Promenage floods. Inside A, B, & C decks virtually untouched.
Slide 63
Quinn 2:00 a.m.Quinn 2:00 a.m.p. 35p. 35
E DeckWater reaches base of E Deck on Grand Staircase at 1:00
and stays there for an hour.
Slide 64
Quinn 2:00 a.m.Quinn 2:00 a.m.p. 36p. 36
“By 2 a.m. a considerable amount of the bottom of the forward part of the ship had flooded -- away from the view of most of the passengers.”
Slide 65
Quinn 2:00 a.m.Quinn 2:00 a.m.p. 36p. 36
Tank TopBoiler Rms. 5 & 6 completely flooded, Boiler Rm. 4 partly submerged.
Slide 66
Quinn 2:05 a.m.Quinn 2:05 a.m.p. 37p. 37
0100
Forward railing on B deck was now dipping underwater.On D Deck water creeps towards elevators. On E Deck Scotland Road was underwater.
Slide 67
Quinn 2:05 a.m.Quinn 2:05 a.m.p. 40p. 40
0130
0100
Doors between compartments slow flooding. Water appears at base of Grand Staircase a little after 1:00 but does not appear in Boiler Rm. 4
(below Grand Staircase) until around 1:30.
Slide 68
Quinn 2:05 a.m.Quinn 2:05 a.m.p. 42p. 42
Water had easier access to E and F Decks than to boiler rooms below, creating a condition where water was resting on top of air.
Water laps as the base of the Promenade Deck.
Slide 69
Quinn 2:10 a.m.Quinn 2:10 a.m.p. 55p. 55
Slide 70
Quinn 2:10 a.m.Quinn 2:10 a.m.p. 55p. 55
D DeckWater advances to Reception Room.
Slide 71
Quinn 2:10 a.m.Quinn 2:10 a.m.p. 55p. 55
E DeckScotland Road flooding and water pours down 3rd class staircase to
Dining Room on F Deck.
Slide 72
Quinn 2:10 a.m.Quinn 2:10 a.m.p. 55p. 55
F DeckWater pours down staircases to 3rd class Dining Room.
Slide 73
Quinn 2:10 a.m.Quinn 2:10 a.m.p. 56p. 56
Bow goes under, forward buoyance was lost, and redistribution of weight leads to a noticeable slanting motion which was noticed by
passengers like Jack Thayer.
Slide 74
Quinn 2:10 a.m.Quinn 2:10 a.m.p. 68, 71p. 68, 71
Docking bridge and forward railing going under.Grand Staircase flooded on E Deck, part of D Deck.
Slide 75
Quinn 2:15 a.m.Quinn 2:15 a.m.p. 75p. 75
Water up to bridge, D Deck Reception Room.
Slide 76
Quinn 2:15 a.m.Quinn 2:15 a.m.p. 83p. 83
Crow’s nest level with the water.