Slide 1 – CPU Acronym

Definition The Cpu (Central Processing Unit) Executes programs and hardware, also known as the "Brain of the Computer".

The CPU is a small square unit that sits behind a fan, the fan keeps the CPU from over heating.

The Cpu (Central Processing Unit) Executes programs and hardware, also known as the "Brain of the Computer".

How does it work?The CPU Runs a set of instructions to run applications. The Processors speed calculations are measured in GHz.The ALU is where the processor makes mathematical Operations, the processor will move data from one data area to the other.

•An address bus (that may be 8, 16 or 32 bits wide) that sends an address to memory

•A data bus (that may be 8, 16 or 32 bits wide) that can send data to memory or receive data from memory

•An RD (read) and WR (write) line to tell the memory whether it wants to set or get the addressed location

•A clock line that lets a clock pulse sequence the processor

A reset line that resets the program counter to zero (or whatever) and restarts execution

The First computer built was the EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer). This computer did not use a CPU, to run an applications it would have to be physically rewired.

History

Microprocessors The Microprocessor is used in cell phones, mp3 players, and house hold appliances like the microwave and stove. The first ever Microprocessor was built in 1970 and was released in November 15, 1971. This new Microprocessor was named the Intel 4004. This processors max CPU Clock was 740 kHz. The CPU's Register set contains 16 registers of 4 bits each, Construction Set contains 46 instructions (of which 41 are 8 bits wide and 5 are 16 bits wide). A Construction set is a list instructions that can execute. Internal subroutine stack is 3 levels deep. An stack is a Memory where data is added or removed in a Last in first out manner.

The Intel 4040 Micro Processor was introduced in 1974 and end of production at the end of 1981, this processor was the new improved version of the 4004.•Instruction Set expanded to 60 instructions•Program memory expanded to 8 KB•Registers expanded to 24Subroutine stack expanded to 7 levels deep

Intel 4004 Support Chips

•4001: 256-byte ROM (256 8-bit program instructions), and one built-in 4-bit I/O port[6]

•4002: 40-byte RAM (80 4-bit data words), and one built-in 4-bit output port; the RAM portion of the chip is organized into four "registers" of twenty 4-bit words:

o16 data words (used for mantissa digits in the original calculator design)

o4 status words (used for exponent digits and signs in the original calculator design)

•4003: 10-bit parallel output shift register for scanning keyboards, displays, printers, etc.

•4008: 8-bit address latch for access to standard memory chips, and one built-in 4-bit chip select and I/O port[6]

•4009: program and I/O access converter to standard memory and I/O chips[6]

•4269: keyboard/display interface

•4289: memory interface (combines functions of 4008 and 4009)

•Intel 4040 Support Chip

o4201 - Clock Generator 500 to 740 kHz using 4 to 5.185 MHz crystals

o4308 - 1 KB ROM

o4207 - General Purpose byte Output port

o4209 - General Purpose byte Input port

o4211 - General Purpose byte I/O port

o4289 - Standard Memory Interface (replaces 4008/4009)

o4702 - 256 byte UVEPROM

o4316 - 2 KB ROM

o4101 - 256 4-bit word RAM

New Processors TodayIntel has created the Intel Core Core 17.This processor runs with 4 Cores. This processor is now used in newer computers today, this processor was released in 2008. Intel is coming out with newer processor in 2010 called the Intel Core i9. The max CPU Clock is 2.66 GHz to 3.33 GHz.

How Duel Core WorksHow a dual core works is, Running programs on 1 CPU would be slow. Having 2 CPU's you could have 3 programs running on 1 Core then you would have your second Core running 2 programs or whatever. Instead of 1 Core running everything on your computer you have 2 Cores sharing programs. That makes everything faster.For a Quad Core, its the same thing you just have 4 Cores Inside your computer.

Over clocking Your CPUOver clocking a CPU is changing the amount of voltage going to the CPU, that changes the speed of the CPU. To Over clock a CPU, you have to go into the BIOS at start up. You change the amount of voltage going to one CPU. More the Voltage more the Speed. The Dangers of Over Clocking your CPU is that the CPU over heats and burns out damaging the CPU, after you do that you have to replace the motherboard.

The End

Specs Provided by "Wikipedia" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_4004 & http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_4040

Images – Google Images http://www.google.images.com

Refrence from "How Stuff Works" http://computer.howstuffworks.com/microprocessor2.htm