Slide 1 IEEE 802.15 4f Active RFID System Task GroupCraig Fransen, Zebra Enterprise Solutions May, 2009doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f Project: IEEE

Slide 1IEEE 802.15 4f Active RFID System Task Group Craig Fransen, Zebra Enterprise Solutions

May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

Submission Title: IEEE P802.15.4f Active RFID System Call For Applications

Date Submitted: 11 May, 2009

Source: [Craig Fransen] Company: [Zebra Enterprise Solutions]Address: [333 Corporate Woods Parkway, Vernon Hills, IL 60061]Voice: [+1 847 793 5967], FAX: [+1 847 793 574], E-Mail: [[email protected]]

Re: [IEEE P802.15.4f Active RFID Task Group was formed with the charter of drafting a PHY and MAC as an amendment to the 802.15.4-2006 standard]

Abstract: [The following submission is a call for applications from the IEEE, Industry, and Academia.]

Purpose: [Request for formal submissions to the P802.15.4f Active RFID System Task Group]

Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.

Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Agenda

• Auto ID Overview

• Active RFID Technologies

• Active RFID Applications

• Success Factors


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Auto ID Overview


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Why Customer Track Assets

• Increase velocity• Decrease inventory & dwell time

• Increase capacity / facility utilization

• Automation• Labor reduction

• Data creation & integrity

• Error-proofing Processes• Exception management

• First-time process performance

Customer ROICustomer ROI


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

• In the future all resources will:• identify themselves • send data about themselves• connect to information systems in real-time• be located and tracked

• Asset visibility solutions, ubiquitous wireless connectivity and low cost mobility solutions will revolutionize enterprise resource management

The Future of Asset Tracking


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Solution Environments

Function

Identify Locate ScheduleAnalyze Report AutomatePlan OptimizeVisualize

ROIEnvironment

People

Contain

ers

Equipm

ent

Invento

ry


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Successful Solutions Delivery

• Close customer relationships• Integrated technologies• Enterprise software• Strategic partnerships• Worldwide support


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Auto ID Technologies

Zebra Barcode Printers Zebra RFID Printers

Zebra RFID Card

Printers

ZES GPS w/Backhaul

ZES UWB

ZES 24730

Value of

Goods

Barcodes

Passive and Semi Active

Active RFID & RTLS

GPS

Software & Services

Item/Case/Pallet Containers:Truck Trailers,Marine Containers,Rail Cars

Movement:Cars, Trucks, Ships, PlanesRail Engines

Equipment:Lift Equipment, Ground SupportEquipment, Forklifts, Industrial Vehicles

Use Case

Zebra/ Partner Solution

No single technology meets “all” asset tracking requirements. Auto ID vendors are building a customer solution set to manage the entire asset value chain.

Zebra & Partner Software and Services


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Active RFID Technologies


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Requirement Presence Proximity Location

DescriptionAsset Identification

No location informationAsset Identification

Location LocalizationAsset IdentificationPrecise Location

TechnologiesActive RFIDWiFi RSSI

Passive RFIDActive RFID

Hybrids

GPSRTLS

ArchitectureOne or more sensors

Fixed or MobileFixed or Mobile Exciters

Fixed SensorsReceiver Grid

Backhaul Infrastructure

Accuracy > 10 m Typically 1 to 10 m Down to cm

Example Applications

Inventory ManagementParts Replenishment

Access ControlWIP Tracking

Asset Management

Equipment TrackingPersonnel Safety

High Value Asset Mgmt

ExampleProducts

Ultra-WidebandISO 24730WiFi RSSI

Ultra-WidebandISO 24730EPC Gen 2

Ultra-WidebandISO 24730WiFi TDOARTK GPS

Active RFID TrackingActive RFID technologies offer an answer to a range of customer asset tracking requirements.


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Active RFID Location Technologies

Higher

Lower

Acc

urac

y

System Range•Legend• = Indoor Only• = Indoor/ Outdoor• = Outdoor Only

UWB

ISO 24730-2

WiFi CCX

RTK DGPS

GPS

There are a number of Active RTLS technologies that offer the customer an asset location tracking based on their accuracy and range requirements.


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

UWB RFID/ RLTS Technical Attributes

Small Tag Size Down to 1” x 1” x1” or smaller

Long Tag Life Up to 7+ years @ 1Hz Blink Rate

High Resolution/ Accuracy Real-time location accuracies of <1 ft with line of sight

High Tag Throughput Up to 5000+ tags/ second presence and 2500+ tags/ second locate (in a typical four receiver set-up)

High Tag Transmission Rate Up to 200 times/ second possible

Excellent Performance in Pulse response operates well in high multipath environmentsMetallic Environments

Long Range Up to 600+ ft line-of-sight with high-gain antenna presence and up to 300 ft between receivers locate

There are seven key technical attributes that UWB RTLS offers the customer the ability to control their most critical business processes and high-value assets.


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Active RFID Applications


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Port & Marine CargoImproved Throughput

Active RFID Applications

• Container Management• Electronic Seals• Drayage Truck Tracking• Handling Equipment Tracking

Active RFID is the next generation Auto ID technology bring tracking and managing of high-valued assets across many industries and applications

ManufacturingOptimized Lean

Industrial Automated Asset Tracking

Automotive & Auto Logistics Real-Time Visibility

• Vehicle Tracking• Parts Replenishment• Rack Tracking• Just-In-Time Manufacturing

• Yard Management• Multisite Tracking• Automated Gates• Dock Door Management

• Forklift Tracking• Asst Tracking• Workflow Optimization• Just in Sequence


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Active RFID Tracking Activities

• Real-time Inventory

• Locate units based on Filters• Single units• Ad-hoc Searching

• Process Verification• Entry & exit verification• Task completion• Auto-update of status change

• Historical Movement is Recorded

• Cycle-time captured • Unit Dwell and Cycle Time• Group Dwell and Cycle Time• Zone/department Cycle Times


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

UWB Customer Use Cases

• GPS and 24730 systems provide long-range location tracking applications, typically outdoor applications where >6 ft accuracy is acceptable

• UWB capabilities target applications which are in difficult environments requiring high precision:

• WIP location tracking• High-value asset location tracking• Personnel tracking• Robust, tunable asset presence tracking

UWB RFID & RTLS opens new customer use cases by providing attributes not currently available in other Real-Time Location System (RTLS) technologies.


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Typical UWB Application Requirements

• Operation in dense, metallic environments

• < 3 feet Location accuracy

• Real-time presence and location updates in seconds

• Small tag sizes that are easier to place on typical high-value assets


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Active RFID Success Factors


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Technology Success FactorsIn order to continue to expand the capabilities and reach in the market of any technology there are two major critical success factors that must occur

• First, and foremost, the customer ROI must be met by meeting their minimum performance requirements while providing the lowest total cost of ownership possible

• Second the products must be scalable with the customer’s current and future infrastructure


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Active RFID Success FactorsSpecifically to Active RFID there are a number of key sub-factors to focus on based on knowledge that ZES has learn from in past experiences

• Meeting customer ROI• Active RFID must perform to the specific needs for the customer’s application at-hand:

performance, functionally and size

• Installation cost of the system needs to be minimized

• Tag life is important in selling the cost/ useful life message

• Products must be scalable• Comply with world-wide regulations and standards

• Industry standards rationalized and conventional IT infrastructure leveraged

• Common software processes/ tools for seamless integration of any Auto ID data platform

• Must be able to upgrade complexity in both HW and SW


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Active RFID Performance

• Active RFID must meet a tracking need that other Auto ID technologies can not offer.

• An Active RFID application typically has good perceived performance need at the customer, which turns focus to delivering a cost-effective solution.

• Active RFID should be able to deliver into the identification, presence and location applications.

• Discussions with customers tend to go the most complex applications; however, implementation tends to start with “simpler” identification and grow into the more “complex” applications or time.


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Active RFID Functionality

Programmable Feature:ID, Blink Rate, Payload

Input Feature 1:Physical Button

Input Feature 2:Sensor

Hybrid Feature:Two-Way Communication

Sub-Core:Battery Life Improver

Core: Blink

• Customers have expressed having all of the functionally listed

• However, customers are only willing to pay for the minimum functionality needed knowing that infrastructure can be scaled to achieve future additional functionality

• Currently, all applications that ZES has sold into require only a beacon tag with the software solution bring system robustness.

• Other functions outside of the blink transmission should remain optional and let up to suppliers to decide to integrate into baseline products if wanted.

• Overburdening the tag with non-core functionality will greatly hamper the customer ROI.


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Active RFID Tag Size

• Tag form factor is often a critical requirement for a customer’s application, especially when paying for Active RFID performance.

• The customer always wants the smallest tags form factor.

• Additional functionally will always negatively impact tag size, not only because of the additional componetry, but most likely the need to also improve the battery life.


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Installation and Tag Costs

• Total cost of ownership has many different cost components. The initial installation and HW/SW purchase tends to be the most heavily scrutinized

• Designing for ease of installation is a vendor differentiator. Standards should be geared towards making the simplest installation methods possible to promote side spread adaption through partner channels.

• The expense cost of an Active RFID tag needs to be offset by the lowest power consumption possible to promote ROI based on the lifespan of the tag.

• Industry seems to be centering around 4 year min, 7 year target. The baseline standard for Active RFID should not include functionally which undermines this customer requirement.


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Regulations and Standards

• Standards need to drive the broadest market adoption by meeting the baseline customer system performance needed.

• If standards burden the most important customer ROI calculation then the market will be remain small and/or fragmented while vendors try to meet these ROI demands.

• Interoperability with other systems and between vendors is a must, but again it must not constrain meeting the core ROI functionality needed by the customer

• This in mind, it is important in the beginning of adoption to keep base Active RFID technology simple – it is a “beacon” system.


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Leveraging Standards and Platforms

• Driving down installation and set-up costs are a key goal with be a key goal for Active RFID adoption.

• Leveraging standard IT infrastructures (Ethernet, wireless) were possible and promoting base functionally will aid in driving down installation costs

• Leverage Auto ID data structures/ common security protocols will gain faster acceptance with IT organizations and take advantage of common SW toolsets


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Additional HW/ SW Complexity

• Applications requiring more functionality will grow with market adoption of Active RFID

• Transmit only tags will carry the market for quite some time and will continue to be a great majority of the market need going forward

• Following functionally will come in-time, most likely dependent on a core customer or compliance requirement:

• Transmit only tag with a control link offering minimal programmability (e.g. on/off and transmit rates)

• Transmit only tag with on-board or attachable sensor input with small payload return

• Two-way low-rate communication

• Active RFID systems should support the ability to track in 1D, 2D, and 3D• Increasing tag installations will continue in the multiple thousands of assets

tagged of various required transmission rates. Efforts should be undertaken to ensure that Active RFID has a path to achieve such.


May, 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f

Conclusion

• Best beacon performance

• Low cost

• High blink rates

• High tag throughput

• Long tag life

• Small tag form factors

Active RFID standards and regulations should focus on promoting the functionality needed to achieve customer ROI tracking applications.

Documents

Slide 1 IEEE 802.15 4f Active RFID System Task GroupCraig Fransen, Zebra Enterprise Solutions May, 2009doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0403-00-004f Project: IEEE