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Health Stats How have the number of households with a married couple and their children changed over time?

What might have caused the trend you identified?

• The family is often called the “basic unit of society.”

The Family and Social Health

• If the relationships with family members are healthy, a child learns to love, respect, and get along with others, and to function as part of a group.

• Lasting relationships must be based on mutual caring, trust, and support.

•It is the structure within which children are raised, and values and customs are passed from generation to generation.

•The family is also the basic unit of social health because it is where a person first learns to relate to other people.

•In a family, a child can see that each person depends on the others in the group.•One person’s actions can affect everyone else in the family.

Three main factors account for changes in the American family

The Changing Family

• more women in the work force• a high divorce rate• an increase in the age at which people marry

•How have families changed over time?

•Until the mid-1800’s parents both stayed home, farming or working at trades, and both shared in raising the children.

•The Industrial Revolution changed things– men went to work in factories and offices while most women stayed home.

•Today fewer than 10 percent of families in the US fit this model.

•More than half of all mothers with preschool children are in the work force.

More Women in the Work Force

•When parents work outside the home, families spend less time together.

•The parents have to trust other people to care for their children.

•Several different reasons women are in the work force

•Single parents•Continue a career•Family needs two incomes to pay the bills

•A divorce is a legal agreement to end a marriage.

High Divorce Rate

•Since 1990, the divorce rate has gradually decreased.

•Divorce affects a family’s structure, finances, and health—emotional and physical.

•Family members have to adjust to new roles, relationships, and living arrangements.

•If a parent remarries, the adjustments continue.

•Today many young people delay marriage and parenthood until later in life.

Postponing Marriage

•Most women have two children, and a growing number have none.

•As a result families tend to be smaller

•Families reflect the diverse circumstances, needs, values, and cultures of the people in them.

Family Forms

•Children can live in nuclear, single-parent, extended, blended, or foster families.

•A nuclear family consists of a couple and their child or children living together in one household.

Nuclear Family

•Adoption is the legal process by which parents take another person’s child into their family to be raised as their own.

•A single-parent family is a family in which only one parent lives with the child or children.

Single-Parent Family

•Mothers head about 90 percent of single-parent families. However, a growing number of fathers are raising children on their own.

•Financial worries are often a major problem in single-parent families.

•Other difficulties are: earning a living, care for children, and perform all the other tasks needed to keep the family functioning.

•About half of all children today will live, at least for a time, in a single parent families.

•An extended family is a group of close relatives living together or near each other.

Extended Family

•In extended families, family responsibilities are shared among all members.

•A nuclear or single-parent family may be part of larger family unit.

•A blended family consists of a biological parent, a stepparent, and the children of one or both parents.

Blended Family

•At least seven million children under the age of 18 live in blended families.

•Successful blended families say that it is important to be flexible.

•In blended families, the usual problems of families may become more complex.•Children may feel that a stepparent is an intruder and not really part of the family. •Children may have trouble getting along with stepbrothers and stepsisters

•In a foster family, an adult or couple cares for children whose biological parents are unable to care for them.

Foster Family

•The foster family provides a temporary home for the children.

•A married couple without any children

Other Families

•A group of unrelated people who choose to live together and support and care for one another

•For a family to function effectively, each member of the family must do his or her part.

Responsibilities Within the Family

•Often there are some responsibilities that clearly belong to the adults, some that clearly belong to the children, and some that can be shared.

• The heads of families are expected to provide for their children’s basic needs.

Adults’ Responsibilities

• food

• Adult family members are responsible for teaching children to behave in a way that is acceptable to the family and to society.

• clothing • shelter • education • health care • security• love

• This process is called socialization.• Adult family members set rules to protect their children’s safety and to

maintain order within the family.

• As a young child, you may have been responsible for dressing yourself, tidying up your room, and doing your homework.

Children’s Responsibilities

• Today, you may have to do household chores, care for your younger brothers or sisters, or add to the family income.

• You are also responsible for following family rules and for showing respect for all family members.

•At times, young people may disagree with some of the rules set by their parents.

•EX. Teens may want to stay out later on weeknights or weekends. Disagreements may also arise between brothers and sisters. They may argue about items that must be shared, such as a computer.

•When conflicts arise, family members need to discuss their problems in a calm respectful manner.

•Many families divide up the responsibilities.• Chores• Cooking• Laundry• Grocery shop[• Help/care for their elderly.

Shared Responsibilities

•There are benefits to sharing household chores.•EX. Mastering skills such as cooking that will be vital

to them as adults•Children who are trusted with important tasks

develop a sense of responsibility and higher self-esteem.

•Family members learn that the family is stronger when they work as a team and depend on each other.

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Some sources of family stress are

• illness

• financial problems

• divorce

• drug abuse

Causes of Family Stress

• When one family member has a serious illness, it affects everyone in the family.

Illness

• The family’s focus is on the person who is sick.

• Other family members may feel ignored, and then they may feel guilty.

• Financial problems can have serious emotional effects on all family members.

Financial Problems

• Financial problems can be less stressful if family members work together to improve the situation.

Section 5.2 Family Problems

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Section 5.2 Family Problems

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• A separation is an arrangement in which spouses live apart and try to work out their problems.

Separation and Divorce

• Children may think that the separation or divorce is their fault.

• They need to be reassured that they are not to blame for their parents’ problems.

• When a family member has a problem with alcohol or another drug, the whole family is affected.Family members may be

Drug Abuse

• embarrassed

• There are groups that can help families deal with a drug or alcohol problem.

• worried • afraid to go home

• Al-Anon • Alateen

FAMILY VIOLENCE• The heart of the problem is one person’s desire to

have power or control over others.

• The violence, or abuse, may be

• The abuse of one spouse by the other is sometimes called domestic abuse.

• physical • sexual• emotional

Physical Abuse

• When an adult punishes a child and leaves a mark that can be seen the next day, this act is considered physical abuse.

• Physical abuse is intentionally causing physical harm to another person.

• Children who are physically abused often hide the signs of abuse.

• If children cannot find an appropriate group to call, they should talk with a trusted adult.

Sexual Abuse• When an adult uses a child or adolescent for sexual

purposes, he or she commits a criminal offense known as sexual abuse.

• Child feels guilty and ashamed• Believes he or she is responsible• Child has difficulty trusting and developing

relationships.

• Typically, the adult is someone the child knows well.

• Even a single instance of sexual abuse can have a devastating effect.

• Victims of sexual abuse should talk with a trusted adult or call the Child Abuse Hotline.

Emotional Abuse• A child who constantly hears negative statements

like these is likely to suffer from emotional abuse.

• Emotional abuse is the nonphysical mistreatment of a person.

• Children who are emotionally abused need help just as much as children who are physically or sexually abused.

Neglect• When adults fail to provide for the basic needs of

children, it is called neglect.

• Victims of emotional neglect often have trouble developing a healthy personality.

Runaways• A runaway is a child who leaves home without

permission and stays away for at least one night, or two nights for teens 15 or older.

• Some runaways become easy targets for people who are involved with prostitution, pornography,and drugs.

• If you are thinking of running away, you owe it to yourself to call your local runaway hotline.

• Reasons why a teen may runaway:• Violence in the family• Emotional problems• School failure• Angry about family rules

Healthy FamiliesHealthy families share certain characteristics: caring, commitment, respect, appreciation, empathy, communication, and cooperation.

• Caring and Commitment People in healthy families really care about each other through good times and bad times.

• Respect and Appreciation Family members make each other feel important.

• Empathy The ability to understand another person’s thoughts or feelings is called empathy.

• Communication Family members can tell each other what they honestly think and feel.

• Cooperation Responsibilities are divided fairly among family members.

Healthy families know how to

Useful Skills for Families

• resolve conflicts

• express emotions

• make decisions

• manage their time

Healthy Families

COMMUNICATION• Passive- People who hold back their true feelings

and go along with the other person.• Aggressive- People who express opinions and

feelings in a way that may seem threatening or disrespectful to others

• Assertive- people who are able to stand up for themselves while expressing their feelings in a way that is not threatening.

• Complete page 5 by coloring in the boxes according to which form of communication they are demonstrating. Make certain you can still read the words!

Using physical

force 

Finger pointing

 

Expressing appreciation

 

Glaring 

Interrupting 

Never giving a compliment

 

Being sarcastic

 

Being respectful

 

Speaking confidently and clearly

 

Making fun of the other person’s feelings

 

Showing interest

Criticizing the other person

 

Seeking a compromise that does not

go against either

person’s values

 

Actively listening

to the other

person 

Yelling 

Criticizing yourself

 

Fidgeting nervously

 

Always giving in to the other person

 

Refusing to talk

 Mumbling

Looking away

 

Always apologizing

 

Making eye contact

 

Denying your own feelings

 

Trying to understand

the other person’s feelings

 

Always listening;

rarely talking 

Hoping the other person

will guess your feelings

 

Using “you”

messages to blame the other person

 

Did you knowGirls and women are more likely

to be raped but boys and men can be raped, too.

Acquaintance rape Abstain from alcohol and drugs

Many acquaintance rapes involve alcohol or drugs Avoid secluded places when you are with someone you

don’t know very well This includes your room or your date’s room

Trust your feelings If it doesn’t seem right, get away fast

Risk Factors for Violence Poverty Family Violence Media Violence Availability of Weapons Drug Abuse Memberships in gangs

Group Project – packet page 7 Bullying Cyber bulling Harassment Hazing Sexual Harassment Prejudice Stereotypes Discrimination Vandalism

CATEGORY 10 8 6 4

Presentation Well-rehearsed with smooth delivery that holds audience attention.

Rehearsed with fairly smooth delivery that holds audience attention most of the time.

Delivery not smooth, but able to maintain interest of the audience most of the time.

Delivery not smooth and audience attention often lost.

Attractiveness Makes excellent use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance the presentation.

Makes good use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance to presentation.

Makes use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. but occasionally these detract from the presentation content.

Use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. but these often distract from the presentaion content.

Requirements All requirements are met and exceeded.

All requirements are met. One requirement was not completely met.

More than one requirement was not completely met.

Organization Content is well organized using headings or bulleted lists to group related material.

Uses headings or bulleted lists to organize, but the overall organization of topics appears flawed.

Content is logically organized for the most part.

There was no clear or logical organizational structure, just lots of facts.