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Biology
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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
37–1 The Circulatory
System
37–1 The Circulatory System
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37–1 The Circulatory System
(The circulatory system and respiratory system work
together to supply cells with the nutrients and oxygen
they need to stay alive.)
37–1 The Circulatory System
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Functions of the Circulatory
System
1.Closed Circulatory System:
a. Humans and other vertebrates have
b. blood is contained within a system of
vessels.
37–1 The Circulatory System
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Functions of the Circulatory
System
What are the structures of the circulatory
system?
37–1 The Circulatory System
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Functions of the Circulatory
System
2. human circulatory system consists of:
• a. heart
• b. blood vessels
(arteries, veins, capillaries)
• c. blood
37–1 The Circulatory System
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The Heart
3. The Heart
a. pericardium:
protective sac of tissue around heart
b. myocardium:
thick layer of muscle, make up walls of
heart
*when contracted, it pumps the blood
37–1 The Circulatory System
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The Heart
Structures of
the Heart
37–1 The Circulatory System
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The Heart
Large vein that
brings oxygen-poor
blood from the
upper part of the
body to the right
atrium
Right Atrium
Superior Vena Cava:
37–1 The Circulatory System
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The Heart
Bring oxygen-rich
blood from each
of the lungs to the
left atrium
Left Atrium
Pulmonary
Veins:
37–1 The Circulatory System
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The Heart
Prevents blood
from flowing back
into the right
ventricle after it
has entered the
pulmonary artery.
Right Atrium
Pulmonary
ArteriesPulmonary Valve:
37–1 The Circulatory System
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The Heart
Prevents blood
from flowing back
into the right
atrium after it has
entered the right
ventricle
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve:
37–1 The Circulatory System
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The Heart
Vein that brings
oxygen-poor blood
from the lower part of
the body to the right
atrium.
Right Atrium
Inferior Vena Cava:
37–1 The Circulatory System
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The Heart
Mitral Valve:
Prevents blood
from flowing back
into the left atrium
after it has entered
the left ventricle
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
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The Heart
Aortic Valve:
Prevents blood
from flowing back
into the left
ventricle after it
has entered the
aorta
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Aorta
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The Heart
Bring oxygen-
poor blood to
the right or left
lung
Pulmonary Arteries:
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The Heart
Brings oxygen-rich
blood from the left
ventricle to the
body
Aorta:
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The Heart
4. septum:
divides the heart into rt and lt halves
*prevents the mixing of oxygen-poor and
oxygen-rich blood.
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The Heart
5. four chambers—two atria and two ventricles.
. A. Atrium:
1. upper chamber
2. receives the blood
b. Ventricle:
1. lower chamber
2. pumps blood out of the heart
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The Heart
(Circulation Through the Heart
Blood enters the heart through the right and left
atria.
As the heart contracts, blood flows into the
ventricles and then out from the ventricles to either
the body or the lungs.
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The Heart
There are flaps of connective tissue called valves
between the atria and the ventricles.
When the ventricles contract, the valves close, which
prevents blood from flowing back into the atria.
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The Heart
At the exits from the right and left ventricles, valves
prevent blood that flows out of the heart from flowing
back in.
Blood leaves the left ventricle, and enters the aorta.
The aorta is one of the blood vessels that carry the
blood through the body and back to the heart.)
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The Heart
6. Circulation Through the Body
*The heart functions as two separate pumps.
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The Heart
A. Pulmonary Circulation
1. circulates blood between heart and
lungs.
2. In the lungs, CO2 leaves the blood
and O2 is absorbed
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The Heart
B. Systemic Circulation
1. circulates blood between the heart
and the rest of the body.
2. O2 leaves the blood and CO2 is
absorbed
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The Heart
Circulation of
Blood through the
Body
Capillaries of
head and arms
Superior
vena cava Aorta
Pulmonary
veinCapillaries of
right lungs
Inferior
vena cava
Capillaries of
abdominal organs
and legs
Capillaries
of left lung
Pulmonary
artery
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The Heart
7. Heartbeat
a. Each contraction begins in the (sinoatrial) SA
node or the Pacemaker in the right atrium.
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The Heart
Sinoatrial (SA)
node Conducting fibers
The impulse spreads from the pacemaker (SA
node) to a network of fibers in the atria.
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The Heart
Conducting fibers
Atrioventricular
(AV) node
b. impulse travels across the atrium to
(atrioventricular) AV node and carried to the
network of fibers in the ventricles.
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The Heart
c. network in the atria contracts, blood in the
atria flows into the ventricles.
d. ventricles contract, blood flows out of the
heart.
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Blood Vessels
Blood Vessels
What are the three types of blood vessels
in the circulatory system?
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Blood Vessels
8. three types of blood vessels:
• A. arteries
• B. capillaries
• C. veins
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Blood Vessels
9. Arteries:
A. Large vessels that carry oxygen-rich
blood from the heart to the body
*Except for the pulmonary arteries
b. have thick walls.
C. connective tissue, smooth muscle, and
endothelium.
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Blood Vessels
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Blood Vessels
10. Capillaries
A. smallest blood vessels
b. walls are only one cell thick
C. narrow.
d. bring nutrients and oxygen to the tissues
E. absorb CO2 and other waste products
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Blood Vessels
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Blood Vessels
11. Veins
a. carry blood back to the heart
b. thinner walls than arteries.
c. connective tissue and smooth muscle.
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Blood Vessels
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Blood Vessels
d. Large veins contain
valves that keep blood
moving toward the heart.
e. Many veins located
near and between
skeletal muscles.
Valve
open
Valve
closed
Valves
closed
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Blood Pressure
12. Blood Pressure
a. force of the blood on the arteries’ walls.
b. keeps blood flowing through the body.
c. measured with a sphygmomanometer.
d. typical blood pressure is 120/80.
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Diseases of the Circulatory
System
13. Diseases of the Circulatory System
a. leading causes of death and disability in the
U.S.
b. Atherosclerosis is a condition in which fatty
deposits (plaque) build up on the inner walls of the
arteries.
c. High blood pressure is defined as a sustained
elevated blood pressure of 140/90 or higher.
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Diseases of the Circulatory
System
D. Heart Attack
1. 1 or more coronary arteries becomes blocked,
2. part of the heart muscle may die from a lack of
oxygen.
3. If enough heart muscle is damaged, a heart
attack occurs.
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Diseases of the Circulatory
System
e. Stroke:
1.If a blood clot gets stuck in a blood vessel
leading to the brain
2. Brain cells die and brain function in that
region may be lost.
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Diseases of the Circulatory
System
14. Circulatory System Health
Ways of avoiding cardiovascular disease include:
• getting regular exercise.
• eating a balanced diet.
• avoiding smoking.
- or -
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37–1
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37–1
The layer of muscle in the heart that pumps
blood through the circulatory system is called
the
a. myocardium.
b. atrium.
c. ventricle.
d. vena cava.
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37–1
Oxygen-poor blood from the body enters the
heart through the
a. left atrium.
b. left ventricle.
c. right atrium.
d. right ventricle.
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37–1
Atherosclerosis is a condition in which
a. blood cells die from a lack of oxygen.
b. plaque builds up along the walls of the
arteries.
c. blood pressure is too high.
d. the heart stops pumping blood.
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37–1
The inner wall of all blood vessels is lined with
a. endothelium.
b. connective tissue.
c. smooth muscle.
d. myocardium.
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37–1
The vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the
upper part of the body to the right atrium is the
a. pulmonary vein.
b. inferior vena cava.
c. aorta.
d. superior vena cava.
END OF SECTION
