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Unified Modeling Language, Version 2.0

Object-Oriented SAD

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Objectives

Understand the basic characteristics of object-oriented systems.

Be familiar with the Unified Modeling Language (UML), Version 2.0.

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Basic Characteristics of Object Oriented Systems

Classes and ObjectsMethods and MessagesEncapsulation and Information HidingInheritancePolymorphism and Dynamic Binding

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Classes and Objects

Class – Template to define specific instances or objectsObject – Instantiation of a classAttributes – Describes the objectBehaviors – specify what object can do

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Classes and Objects

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Methods and Messages

Methods implement an object’s behavior

Analogous to a function or procedure

Messages are sent to trigger methods

Procedure call from one object to the next

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Messages and Methods

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Encapsulation and Information Hiding

Encapsulation combination of data and process into an entity

Information HidingOnly the information required to use a software module is published to the user

Reusability KeyUse an object by calling methods

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Inheritance

Superclasses or general classes are at the top of a hierarchy of classesSubclasses or specific classes are at the bottomSubclasses inherit attributes and methods from classes higher in the hierarchy

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Class Hierarchy

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Inheritance

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Polymorphism and Dynamic Binding

PolymorphismA message can be interpreted differently by different classes of objects

Dynamic BindingSometimes called late bindingDelays typing or choosing a method for an object until run-time

Static BindingType of object determined at compile time

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Polymorphish & Encapsulation

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The Unified Modeling Language

UML provides Common vocabulary of OO termsCommon notation of diagramming techniques

UML can be used to model any OO project

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The Unified Modeling Language, Version 2.0

Structure DiagramsBehavior DiagramsExtension MechanismsDevelopers

Grady BoochIvar JacobsonJames Rumbaugh

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Structure Diagram

Structure Diagrams – represent data and static relationshipsThey include

ClassObjectPackageDeploymentComponentComposite structure diagrams

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Behavioral Diagram

Behavioral Diagrams – model dynamic behavior and dynamic relationships among objects in the systemUsed to model functional requirementsThey include

ActivityInteraction (Sequence, Communication, Interaction Overview, Timing)State Machines (Behavior, Protocol)Use-Case

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UML 2.0 Diagram Summary

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Structure Diagrams

Classrelationship between classes

ObjectRelationships between objects

PackageGroup UML elements together to form higher level constructs

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Structure Diagrams Cont.

DeploymentShows the physical architecture and software components of system

ComponentPhysical relationships among software components

Composite StructureIllustrates internal structure of a class

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Activity DiagramsActivity

Illustrates business workflows

SequenceTime-based ordering Behavior of objects activities in a use case

CommunicationCommunication among a set of collaborating objects of an activity

Interaction Overview TimingOverview of flow of control of a process

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State Machines

Behavioral State MachineExamines behavior of one class

Protocol State MachineShows dependencies of different interfaces of a class

Use-CaseCaptures business requirementsIllustrates interaction between system and environment

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Use Case Diagrams

Captures Business requirementsIllustrates interaction between a system and its environment

Includes end userAny external system that interacts with its information system

Documents and clarifies requirements of system being modeled

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Benefits of the Object Approach

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Basic Characteristics of Object Oriented Systems

Identifying business valueAnalyze feasibilityDevelop workplanStaff the projectControl and direct projectRequirements determinationFunctional modelingStructural modelingBehavioral modelingMoving on to design

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UML Summary

Class and method designData management layer designHuman computer interaction layer designPhysical architecture layer designConstructionInstallationOperations and support

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Summary

Basic characteristics of an object oriented systemUnified modeling systemObject oriented Systems Analysis and Design