Slide giang truy van SQL

8/7/2019 Slide giang truy van SQL

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Truy vn d liu


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Truy vn c bn

3

-


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V d

SELECT *

FROM NHANVIEN

WHERE PHG=5

Ly tt c cc ct caquan h kt qu

TENNVHONV NGSINH DCHI PHAI LUONG PHG

TungNguyen 12/08/1955 638 NVC Q5 Nam 40000 5

HungNguyen 09/15/1962 Ba Ria VT Nam 38000 5

333445555

987987987

MANV MA_NQL

888665555

333445555

TENLOT

Thanh

Manh


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4

Mnh SELECT

SELECT MANV, HONV, TENLOT, TENNV

FROM NHANVIEN

WHERE PHG=5AND PHAI=Nam

TENNVHONV

TungNguyen

HungNguyen

TENLOT

Thanh

Manh

333445555

987987987

MANV


5/705

Mnh SELECT (tt)

SELECT MANV, HONVAS HO, TENLOTASTEN LOT, TENNVAS TEN

FROM NHANVIEN


TENHO

TungNguyen

HungNguyen

TEN LOT

Thanh

Manh

333445555

987987987

MANV

Tn b danh


6/706

Mnh SELECT (tt)

SELECT MANV, HONV + + TENLOT + + TENNVASHO TEN

FROM NHANVIEN


HO TEN

Nguyen Thanh Tung

Nguyen Manh Hung

333445555

987987987

MANV

M rng


7/707

Mnh SELECT (tt)

SELECT MANV, LUONG*1.1ASLUONG10%

FROM NHANVIEN


LUONG10%

33000

27500

333445555

987987987

MANV

M rng


8/708

Mnh SELECT (tt)

SELECT LUONG

FROM NHANVIEN


Loi b cc dng trng nhau

- Tn chi ph

- Ngi dng mun thy

LUONG

30000

25000

25000

38000

LUONG

30000

25000

38000

SELECT DISTINCT LUONG

FROM NHANVIEN



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V d

Cho MANV v TENNV lm phng


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Mnh WHERE

SELECT MANV, TENNV

FROM NHANVIEN, PHONGBAN

WHERE TENPHG=Nghien cuuAND PHG=MAPHG

Biu thc lun l

TRUE TRUE

SELECT MANV, TENNV

FROM NHANVIEN, PHONGBANWHERE (TENPHG=Nghien cuuORTENPHG=Quan ly)AND PHG=MAPHG

u tin


11/7011

Mnh WHERE (tt)

SELECT MANV, TENNV

FROM NHANVIEN

WHERE LUONG>20000AND LUONG


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Mnh WHERE (tt)

SELECT MANV, TENNV

FROM NHANVIEN

WHERE DCHI LIKENguyen _ _ _ _

LIKE

SELECT MANV, TENNV

FROM NHANVIEN

WHERE DCHI LIKENguyen %

Chui bt k

K t bt k


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Mnh WHERE (tt)

SELECT MANV, TENNV

FROM NHANVIEN

WHERE HONV LIKENguyen

NOT LIKE

SELECT MANV, TENNV

FROM NHANVIEN

WHERE HONV NOT LIKENguyen


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Mnh WHERE (tt)

SELECT MANV, TENNVFROM NHANVIEN

WHERE DCHI LIKE% Nguyens_% ESCAPEs

ESCAPE

Nguyen_

Ngy gi

SELECT MANV, TENNV

FROM NHANVIEN

WHERE NGSINH BETWEEN1955-12-08AND1966-07-19


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Mnh WHERE (tt)

NULL

- trongKhng (value unknown)Khng p (value inapplicable)Khng (value withheld)

- tnh ton c lin quan gi NULL chora l NULLx c gi l NULLx + 3 cho ra l NULLx + 3 l khng trong SQL

- so snh c lin quan gi NULL cho ral UNKNOWN

x = 3 cho ra l UNKNOWNx = 3 l so snh khng trong SQL


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Mnh WHERE (tt)

NULL

SELECT MANV, TENNV

FROM NHANVIEN

WHERE MA_NQL IS NULL

SELECT MANV, TENNV

FROM NHANVIEN

WHERE MA_NQL IS NOT NULL

SELECT MANV, MAPHG


Khng s dng mnh WHERE

MAPHG

1

4

333445555

333445555

MANV

5

1987987987

987987987

333445555

4

5987987987

WHERE TRUE


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Mnh FROM (tt)

SELECT TENPHG, DIADIEM

FROM PHONGBAN, DDIEM_PHG

WHERE MAPHG=MAPHG

Tn b danh

SELECT TENPHG, DIADIEM

FROM PHONGBANAS PB,

DDIEM_PHGAS DD

WHERE PB.MAPHG=DD.MAPHG0

SELECT TENNV, NGSINH, TENTN, NGSINH

FROM NHANVIEN, THANNHAN

WHERE MANV=MA_NVIEN

SELECT TENNV, NV.NGSINH, TENTN, TN.NGSINH

FROM NHANVIEN NV, THANNHAN TN

WHERE MANV=MA_NVIEN


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V d

n cho m n, m phngban tr n, tn phng cng ngy sinhv

Tm tn nhn vin phng 5 c tham gia von lm trn 10 .

Tm tn nhn vin v trchnhn vin .

Tm tn nhn vin Thanhtrch


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Mnh ORDER BY

Dng cu truy theo no

C php

- ASC:

- DESC:

SELECT

FROM

WHERE

ORDER BY


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Mnh ORDER BY (tt)

V

SELECT MA_NVIEN, SODA

FROM PHANCONG

ORDER BYMA_NVIEN DESC, SODA

SODA

10

30

999887777

999887777

MA_NVIEN

10

30987987987

987654321

987987987

10

20987654321

30987654321


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Php ton tp hp trong SQL

SQL c ci cc php ton- (UNION)- Giao (INTERSECT)- (EXCEPT)

l- cc trng nhau- cc trng nhau

UNION ALL

INTERSECT ALLEXCEPT ALL


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Php ton tp hp trong SQL (tt)

C php

SELECT FROM WHERE

UNION [ALL]

SELECT FROM WHERE

SELECT FROM WHERE

INTERSECT [ALL]

SELECT FROM WHERE

SELECT FROM WHERE EXCEPT [ALL]

SELECT FROM WHERE


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Truy vn lng

SELECT MANV, TENNV



SELECT

FROM

WHERE (

SELECT

FROM

WHERE )

Cu truy vn cha(Outer query)

Cu truy vn con(Subquery)


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Truy vn lng (tt)

Cc cu SELECT c nhau Cu truy con cc gi Cc cu truy con trong cng WHERE

php logic WHERE cu truy cha

-


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Truy vn lng (tt)

C 2 truy- phn

WHERE truy con khng tham tnhcc quan trong FROM truy cha

Khi cu truy con

- quanWHERE truy con tham t tnh

cc quan trong FROM truy chaKhi cu truy con

truy cha


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V d - Lng phn cp

SELECT MANV, TENNV

FROM NHANVIEN

WHERE PHG IN (

SELECT MAPHG

FROM DIADIEM_PHGWHERE DIADIEM=TP HCM)

SELECT MANV, TENNV

FROM NHANVIEN, DIADIEM_PHG

WHERE DIADIEM=TP HCMAND PHG=MAPHG

SELECT MANV, TENNV

FROM NHANVIEN

WHERE PHG IN (1,5)


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V d

Tm nhn vin khng c thn nhn no Tm nhn vin c t

nhn vin phng 4 Tm nhn vin c

nhn vin phng 4 Tm phng c thn nhn


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V d - Lng tng quan

SELECT MANV, TENNV



SELECT MANV, TENNV

FROM NHANVIEN

WHERE EXISTS (

SELECT *

FROM PHONGBAN

WHERE TENPHG=Nghien cuuAND PHG=MAPHG )


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V d

Tm nhn vin c thn cng tn v cng tnh Tm nhn vin khng c thn nhn no Tm nhn vin c t

nhn vin phng 4 Tm phng c thn nhn

h


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Nhn xt IN v EXISTS

IN

-


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Php chia trong SQL

R S l cc gi ai trong R sao cho khng c gi bino trong S lm cho (ai, bi) khng trong R

A B

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

C D

a

b

a

a

b

a

b

b

E

1

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

R D E

a

S

b

1

1

A B C

a

a

R S

aibi

Ph hi t SQL (tt)


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Php chia trong SQL (tt)

NOT EXISTS

SELECT R1.A, R1.B, R1.C

FROM R R1

WHERE NOT EXISTS (

SELECT *

FROM S

WHERE NOT EXISTS (

SELECT *

FROM R R2

WHERE R2.D=S.DAND R2.E=S.E

AND R1.A=R2.AAND R1.B=R2.BAND R1.C=R2.C ))

V d


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V d

Tm tn cc nhn vin phn cng lm cc

n

- Tm tn cc nhn vin m khng c n no l khngphn cng lm

- chia: PHANCONG(MA_NVIEN, SODA)- chia: DEAN(MADA)- : KQ(MA_NVIEN)

- KQ NHANVIEN ra TENNV

Tm tn cc nhn vin phn cng lm ccn

H kt h


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Hm kt hp

COUNT

- COUNT(*) dng- COUNT() gi khc NULL

tnh- COUNT(DISTINCT ) gi khc nhau v

khc NULL tnh

MIN MAX SUM AVG

Cc hm SELECT

V d


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V d

Tm cao v

trung bnh cc nhn vin Cho nhn vin phng

V d


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V d

Cho nhn vin phng banSL_NV

5

4

3

3

PHG

1 1




333445555

987987987

MANV MA_NQL

888665555

333445555

TENLOT

Thanh

Manh

TamTran 07/31/1972 543 MTL Q1 Nu 25000 5

HangBui 07/19/1968 33 NTH Q1 Nu 38000 4

453453453

999887777

333445555

987654321

Thanh

Ngoc

NhuLe 07620/1951 219 TD Q3 Nu 43000 4987654321 888665555Quynh

QuangTran 04/08/1969 980 LHP Q5 Nam 25000 4

VinhPham 11/10/1945 450 TV HN Nam 55000 1

987987987

888665555

987654321

NULL

Hong

Van

Gom nhm


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Gom nhm

C php

Sau khi gom nhm- nhm cc c cng gi cc tnh gom nhm

SELECT

FROM

WHERE

GROUP BY

V d


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V d

Cho nhn vin phng ban nhn vin cho m tn, n

v gian m tham gia

iu kin trn nhm


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iu kin trn nhm

C php

Cho nhn vin tham gia 2 n ln Cho phng ban (TENPHG) c trung bnh

cc nhn vin 20000

SELECT

FROM

WHERE

GROUP BY

HAVING

Nhn xt


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Nhn xt

GROUP BY

- Cc tnh trong SELECT tnhtrong cc hm trong GROUPBY

HAVING

- cc hm trong SELECT trano- tra trn nhm, khng l trn

- Sau khi gom nhm trn nhm

Nhn xt (tt)


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Nhn xt (tt)

cu truy c GROUP BY v

HAVING- (1) ra dng trong WHERE- (2) dng ny gom thnh nhm

GROUP BY

- (3) p cc hm cho nhm- (4) qua nhm khng trong

HAVING

- (5) Rt trch cc gi cc v hm trongSELECT

V d


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V d

Tm phng ban c trung bnh cao Tm 3 nhn vin c cao Tm tn cc nhn vin phn cng lm cc

n

Mt s dng truy vn khc


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Mt s dng truy vn khc

Truy con FROM

FROM- Php nhin- Php ngoI

trc CASE

Truy vn con mnh FROM


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Truy vn con mnh FROM

cu truy l

- trung gian trong qu trnh truy- Khng c

C php

SELECT

FROM R1, R2, () AS tn_bng

WHERE

V d


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V d

Cho phng ban (TENPHG) c trung bnh

cc nhn vin 20000

iu kin kt mnh FROM


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iu kin kt mnh FROM

ngoi

SELECT

FROM R1 [INNER] JOIN R2 ON

WHERE

SELECT

FROM R1 LEFT|RIGHT [OUTER] JOIN R2 ON

WHERE

V d


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V d

Tm m v tn cc nhn vin lm phng

Tm tn cc nhn vin v tn cc n nhn vin thamgia c

Cu trc CASE


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Cu trc CASE

Cho php tra v thng tin theo

C php

CASE

WHEN THEN

WHEN THEN

[ELSE ]

END

V d


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Cho tn cc nhn vin (nam 60

55 Cho tn cc nhn vin v

Kt lun


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SELECT

FROM

[WHERE ]

[GROUP BY]

[HAVING ]

[ORDER BY]

Lnh INSERT


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Dng thm 1 hay dng vo

thm- Tn quan- Danh sch cc tnh thm

- Danh sch cc gi

C php (thm 1 dng)

INSERT INTO ()VALUES ()

V d


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INSERT INTO NHANVIEN(HONV, TENLOT, TENNV, MANV)

VALUES (Le,Van,Tuyen,635635635)

INSERT INTO NHANVIEN

VALUES (Le,Van,Tuyen,635635635, 12/30/1952, 98 HV,Nam,37000, 4)

INSERT INTO NHANVIEN(HONV, TENLOT, TENNV, MANV, DCHI)

VALUES (Le,Van,Tuyen,635635635, NULL)

Lnh INSERT (tt)


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( )

xt

- cc gi trng cc

- C thm gi NULL tnh khng l khachnh v NOT NULL

- Cu INSERT vi RBTVKha chnh

ThamNOT NULL - cc tnh c rng NOT NULL cgi

Lnh INSERT (tt)


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C php (thm dng)

INSERT INTO ()

CREATE TABLE THONGKE_PB ( TENPHGVARCHAR(20),

SL_NV INT, LUONG_TC INT)

INSERT INTO THONGKE_PB(TENPHG, SL_NV, LUONG_TC)

SELECT TENPHG, COUNT(MANV), SUM(LUONG)


WHERE PHG=MAPHG

GROUP BYTENPHG

V d

Lnh DELETE


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Dng xa cc dng

C php

V

DELETE FROM

[WHERE ]

DELETE FROM NHANVIEN

WHERE HONV=Tran


WHERE MANV=345345345


Lnh DELETE (tt)


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xt

- dng xa voWHERE

- khng WHERE, ccdng trong xa

- DELETE c gy ra vi RB thamKhng cho xaXa lun dng c gi tham

CASCADE

NULL cho gi tham

Lnh DELETE (tt)


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333445555

987987987

MANV MA_NQL

888665555

333445555

TENLOT

Thanh

Manh

HangBui 07/19/1968 33 NTH Q1 Nu 38000 4999887777 987654321Ngoc


VinhPham 11/10/1945 450 TV HN Nam 55000 1888665555 NULLVan

SODA THOIGIANMA_NVIEN

10 10.0333445555

20 20.0888665555

30 20.0987654321

1 20.0453453453

TamTran 07/31/1972 543 MTL Q1 Nu 25000 5453453453 333445555Thanh

QuangTran 04/08/1969 980 LHP Q5 Nam 25000 4987987987 987654321Hong

10 35.098798798730 5.0987987987

Lnh DELETE (tt)


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TungNguyen 12/08/1955 638 NVC Q5 Nam 40000

HungNguyen 09/15/1962 Ba Ria VT Nam 38000

333445555

987987987

MANV MA_NQL

888665555

333445555

TENLOT

Thanh

Manh

HangBui 07/19/1968 33 NTH Q1 Nu 38000 4999887777 987654321Ngoc


VinhPham 11/10/1945 450 TV HN Nam 55000 1888665555 NULLVan

TamTran 07/31/1972 543 MTL Q1 Nu 25000

5

5

5453453453 333445555Thanh

QuangTran 04/08/1969 980 LHP Q5 Nam 25000 4987987987 987654321Hong

NULL

NULL

NULL

05/22/1988333445555Nghien cuu 5

NG_NHANCHUCMA_NVIEN

01/01/1995

06/19/1981

987987987

888665555

TENPHG MAPHG

Dieu hanh 4

Quan ly 1


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V d


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UPDATE NHANVIEN

SET NGSINH=08/12/1965


UPDATE DEAN

SET DIADIEM_DA=Vung Tau, PHONG=5

WHERE MADA=10

n c m 10, hy thay n

thnh v phng ban trch l phng 5

Lnh UPDATE


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xt

- dng WHEREgi

- khng WHERE, ccdng trong

- UPDATE c gy ra vi RB thamKhng cho

lun dng c gi thamCASCADE

Khung nhn


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l quan l trong

CSDL

Khung nhn l quan- Khng l

- Khng- khc- C truy hay thng qua khung nhn

Khung nhn (tt)


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sao khung nhn?

- Che tnh- ha cc cu truy-- An ton

nh ngha khung nhn


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C php

ny c- Danh sch tnh trng cc tnh trong

SELECT

- dng vo WHERE- cc FROM

CREATE VIEW AS

DROP VIEW

V d


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CREATE VIEW NV_P5AS

SELECT MANV, HONV, TENLOT, TENVNFROM NHANVIEN

WHERE PHG=5

CREATE VIEW TONGLNG_SLNV_PBAS

SELECT MAPHG, TENPB, COUNT(*)AS SLNV,SUM(LUONG)AS TONGLNG


WHERE PHG=MAPHG

GROUP BYTENPHG

Truy vn trn khung nhn


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Tuy khng c cc cu

truy trn khung nhn

C cu truy khung nhn v

SELECT TENNV

FROM NV_P5

WHERE HONV LIKENguyen

SELECT HONV, TENVN, TENDA, THOIGIAN

FROM NV_P5, PHANCONG, DEAN

WHERE MANV=MA_NVIENAND SODA=MADA

Cp nht trn khung nhn


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C dng cc cu INSERT, DELETE v UPDATE

cho cc khung nhn- Khung nhn xy trn 1 v c kha chnh

Khng- Khung nhn c dng kha DISTINCT- Khung nhn c cc hm

- Khung nhn c SELECT- Khung nhn xy c RB trn

- Khung nhn xy

Cp nht trn khung nhn (tt)


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cho nhn vin m 123456789 phng 5 l

UPDATE NV_P5

SET HONV=Pham



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