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Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks
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Robert Gordon University1
Dynamic Earth: Igneous
Rocks continued
LECTURE 3a
ENM200: Dynamic EarthDr Bryan T Cronin ([email protected])
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Shapes of plutons
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Exposed, exhumed granite plutons in SW England
Robert Gordon University5Cornish Granite
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Edinburgh Castle:
sitting on ancient
granite
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Robert Gordon University8Surtsey Island, Iceland
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Lava River, Hekla (Iceland) 1987
Robert Gordon University10Pillow Lavas, Devon (submarine lava)
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Pillow Lavas, eastern Turkey (Eocene)
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Though no pillow lavas have been seen forming in nature, this is probably what
happens.
Robert Gordon University13Horneblende Trachyte Iava
under the microscope)
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Mt St Helens, 90 minutes after eruption
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Pyroclastic Flow:
Ash expelled high into the
atmosphere during eruption
falls back and flows off the
flanks of volcanos as
pyroclastic flows
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Pyroclastic flow (Mt Pinatubo)
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London Clay with Ash layers: easy to date
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Dynamic Earth:
Metamorphic Rocks
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We know that material converts with pressure
and temperature
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Metamorphism
Rocks deform, mineralogy
changes with temperature
and pressue
Robert Gordon University23Simple diagram to show how rocks are buried,
then deform (metamorphism), then melt
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Robert Gordon University25Metamorphic Rock Example: Gneiss (deformed granite)
Robert Gordon University26Metamorphic Rock Example: Marble (deformed limestone)
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Metamorphic Rock Example: Slate (deformed mudstone)
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Granite slate contact
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Rosslare Gneiss
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Scottish
Metamorphic
Zones
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Chlorite Shale (Metamorphosed mudstone)
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