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Small Arms Survey
Cumulative Index 2001-2011
Compiled by Margaret Binns www.binnsindexing.co.uk
Order of entries is word-by-word; for example El Salvador comes before Eldoret
Personal names beginning with al- are indexed under the part of the name following; for
example al-Badr, Muhammed is listed under Badr.
9A-91 assault rifle 2002 26
12GA Shotgun, used in crime in the US 2001 24
92F pistols 2002 37
655 Report (United States) 2001 152, 2002 121–2, 2003 106, 2005 113
A9 Group 2004 107
AAAS see American Association for the Advancement of Science
Aasha Gang Conflict Mediation Project (United Kingdom) 2010 247
AB see Aryan Brotherhood
ABA see American Bar Association
abductions
conflict goods 2002 142
Georgia 2003 209, 2003 210
Haiti 2007 174
Lord’s Resistance Army (Uganda) 2006 275–9, 2006 280–1, 2006 288–9
Papua New Guinea 2006 184
risk to development workers 2003 149
tribal violence in Yemen 2003 184
‘Abdulaye Miskine’ 2005 309
Abkhazia
conflict with Georgia 2003 191–2, 2003 194–5
conflict sourcing 2005 171
conflict use 2005 184
gun culture 2005 214
illicit transfers to 2001 179–80
post-conflict period 2003 207–10
terror attacks 2002 172
ABM see Air Bursting Munitions
Aboukir Engineering Industries (Egypt) 2002 17
Abu Sayyaf Group 2002 98
accessibility thesis 2001 202–7, 2002 159, 2004 182–6
accessories
manufacturing sectors 2005 44, 2005 45, 2005 49–51, 2005 58–62
transfers 2006 68–73, 2006 75–8
accidental shootings
accessibility thesis 2001 202
armed groups 2010 319
2
assault rifles, lethality 2001 212
Brazil 2007 230
costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 2006 199–200
weapons collection, Argentina 2002 309
accountability, stockpiles 2003 58
accounting, costs of small arms violence 2003 132–3, 2003 135, 2006 193
Accuracy International (United Kingdom) 2002 40, 2004 27, 2004 30
Aceh
see also Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM)
armed groups 2006 253
Badan Reintegrasi-Damai Aceh (BRA) (Aceh Reintegration Agency) 2009 249, 2009
257–8, 2009 266, 2009 268–9, 2009 273–4
Badan Rekonstruksi dan Rehabilitasi (BRR) (Tsunami Reconstruction and Rehabilitation
Agency) 2009 273–4
conflict deaths 2005 249
DDR programme 2005 291, 2009 256–9
donor support 2009 258–9
economy 2009 270
education 2009 265
employment 2009 264, 2009 270
GAM Needs Assessment 2009 251, 2009 264–5
gun violence 2004 191
Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) 2009 249, 2009 253, 2009 256–7
history of conflict 2009 251–4
human rights violations 2007 77–9
insurgent firearms 2002 98
peace agreement 2009 253
post-conflict 2009 226, 2009 228
reconstruction 2009 270–1
violence 2009 253–4
poverty 2009 264
reintegration 2009 249–51, 2009 256–78
tsunami (2004) 2009 253
aid 2009 271–5
weapons collection and destruction 2009 256
Aceh Conflict Monitoring Updates 2009 251
Aceh Monitoring Mission (AMM) 2009 253, 2009 256
Aceh Poverty Assessment 2009 251, 2009 264
Aceh Reintegration Agency see Aceh, Badan Reintegrasi-Damai Aceh
Aceh Reintegration and Livelihoods Surveys (ARLS) 2009 251
Aceh Village Survey 2009 251
Aceh/Sumatra National Liberation Front (ASNLF) 2007 78
Acholi 2006 274–5
acoustic technology, police weapons 2011 83
ACP see Automatic Colt Pistol
acquisition, accessibility thesis 2001 204–5
acquisition networks, demand for small arms 2006 145
3
acquisitions approach, militia holdings in the Republic of the Congo 2003 258–62, 2003 264
ACS see Ammunition Coding System
ACT see Australian Capital Territory
ACTC see Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Centre for Combating
Transnational Crime
Active Denial System 2011 86
Adams, Gerry 2006 260
Adaptive Combat Rifle 2011 76
Aden (Yemen) 2003 170, 2003 173, 2003 175
ADI see Australian Defence Industries
ADM assault rifles 2006 283
adults, violence risk factors 2008 252
advocacy
NGOs 2002 242
supply-side humanitarianism 2002 183–4
Aegis 2011 125
AEK-919K Kashtan sub-machine gun 2002 26
AEK-971 assault rifle 2002 26
AEY Inc. 2007 82
ammunition procurement 2010 14
AfD see Arms for Development
Afghan Interim Authority (AIA) 2009 292
Afghan Military Forces
DDR programmes 2009 286, 2009 298
transitional security force 2009 233, 2009 236, 2009 289
Afghan National Army, transfers to 2003 112
Afghan New Beginnings Programme (ANBP) 2009 287, 2009 292–9
disarmament process 2009 295
donors 2009 294
Afghan Pipeline 2001 180–1
Afghanistan
see also Northern Alliance; Taliban
ammunition 2011 76
destruction 2009 302
procurement 2010 14
undocumented transfers 2010 27
armed groups 2009 290–1
ATGWs 2011 32–3
attacks on schools 2009 203–4
children’s health 2009 206
conflict
casualties caused by mortars 2001 212
child soldiers 2001 230
conflict goods 2002 142
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 211
former insurgents becoming legitimate authorities 2001 82–3
history of 2009 287–91
4
trigger effect 2001 204–5
conflict deaths 2005 234, 2005 237, 2005 244, 2005 246–7, 2009 289
DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2003 61, 2003 288, 2003 312, 2004 58, 2005
291, 2009 184, 2009 285–6, 2009 291–310
destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 101
development assistance 2009 307–8
disarmament 2009 292–9, 2009 305–6
security dilemma 2009 304–5
displaced persons 2001 2002 196
drug economy 2009 307
explosions at arms depots 2010 322
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 211
Human Development Index 2009 307
illegal armed groups, disbanding 2009 299–304
illicit transfers from 2001 180–1
to Azerbaijan 2001 180
to Tajikistan 2005 171
illicit transfers to
arms embargoes against 2001 180–1, 2002 132, 2002 133
Cold War grey market 2001 169
irresponsible transfers 2007 91, 2007 98
to non-state actors 2007 135
Pakistani craft production 2001 47, 2003 32–3
imports
from Bulgaria 2003 109
human rights 2004 128
irresponsible transfers to 2007 91, 2007 98
list of exporters 2005 104, 2006 70
from Romania 2003 110
from Russia 2003 111
trends 2000 2003 112
from the United States 2001 180–1, 2003 107, 2007 98
value 2002 2005 106
value 2003 2006 74
improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2010 123
Kyrgyzstan 2004 310
landmines, destruction 2009 302
light weapons use 2011 23–4
MANPADS 2004 84, 2004 85–6, 2004 88, 2004 89, 2004 92
attacks on aircraft 2008 13
diversion 2008 119, 2008 120, 2008 125
masculinity and firearms 2005 211
military procurement 2006 22
militias 2010 118, 2010 122, 2010 262
non-state actors
foreign government support for 2002 130–1, 2007 135
illicit transfers to 2007 135
5
light weapons holdings 2008 32
short-term gain-seeking groups 2005 195
non-state armed groups, firearms 2010 122
political violence 2009 229
politization of humanitarian action 2002 186
post-conflict 2005 199, 2005 271–2
death and injury rates 2002 163
security 2009 304–5
timeline of key events 2001–2006 2009 293
violence 2009 230, 2009 285
prices
black market prices for AK47 rifle 2002 66
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2002 66, 2007 263, 2007 274
private security companies 2011 101
armed 2011 112, 2011 115, 2011 116
firearm stockpiles 2011 113
firearm types 2011 117–19
illicit arms possession 2011 119–20
personnel 2011 104
production, illicit craft production 2003 27
reconciliation 2009 308–9
reintegration of ex-combatants 2009 295–9
abuse of system 2009 295–6
training 2009 297, 2009 298
stockpiles 2002 102, 2003 57, 2003 73–6, 2005 71
ammunition 2009 302
estimates 2001 63
insurgent stockpiles 2001 81, 2001 82, 2002 83
MANPADS 2004 84
surplus weapons transferred to 2008 79, 2008 81
trafficking 2004 322–3
transitional security forces 2009 236
US production 2004 11, 2004 28–9
violence clustering surveys 2005 240
violent incidents 2008 232–3
weapons collection 2009 292–3, 2009 295
Yemen 2003 171
AFL see Armed Forces of Liberia
AFRC see Armed Forces Revolutionary Council
Africa
see also Eastern Africa; Great Lakes and Horn of Africa; North Africa; Organization of
African Unity; Southern Africa; sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa
air cargo companies 2001 114
armed groups
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 273–89
West African 2006 247–67
border porousness 2007 266–7
6
brokering 2001 96, 2001 110
civilian firearms 2003 80–6, 2004 198, 2007 171, 2007 172, 2011 264
conflict
child soldiers 2001 230
conflict-related mortality 2001 210
internal displacement 2001 225
control measures 2002 95, 2002 262–3
regional measures 2001 258–66
crime and violence 2004 175, 2004 176, 2004 178, 2004 179, 2004 192–200
carjackings 2007 171, 2007 172
urban armed violence 2007 171–3
correlation to city size 2007 167
gangs 2007 171
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 185
DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2002 288–90, 2002 294, 2003 279, 2003 307
effects of small arms misuse 2003 147
firearm homicides and suicides 2008 219
firearms ownership, urban armed violence 2007 171, 2007 172
gang violence 2010 142–4
illicit transfers 2001 170–5
brokering 2001 96
transport networks 2001 115–23
imports
trends 2000 2003 110
value 2000 2003 101
judicial systems, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 185
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 261, 2007 266–7, 2007 281, 2007 282, 2007 283
private military companies 2001 110
private security companies, armed 2011 114, 2011 115
production, distribution of producers 2001 10
stockpiles 2003 80–6
civilian holdings 2007 63
insurgent stockpiles 2002 81–2
sub-regions 2001 259
transfers 2003 117–19
trends 2000 2003 100
value 2000 2003 100, 2003 101
young men and small arms 2006 299, 2006 305
Africa Peace Forum, initiatives in the Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 265
African National Congress/Umkhonto We Sizwe, weapon-related commitments 2010 317,
2010 318
African Union (AU) see Organization of African Unity
AFSC see American Friends Service Committee
age
see also youth
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 125
firearm possession 2011 275–6
7
firearm-related deaths
Brazil 2007 228, 2007 232–3, 2007 235, 2007 238–41, 2007 247
Colombia 2006 228–30
United States 2001 204, 2001 239
suicide, Brazil 2007 243, 2007 244, 2007 247
urban violence 2007 167
victims of violence 2004 180, 2004 183
violence risk factors 2008 251–3, 2008 258
young men and small arms 2006 295–317
age of stock, military procurement 2006 14–20
agenda development, NGOs 2002 242
agriculture
effects of small arms misuse 2003 142
humanitarian impacts 2002 160
AGS-17 grenade launcher 2008 24
Ahtisaari, Martti 2009 249
AIA see Afghan Interim Authority
aid agencies, attacks on, Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 276
AIEK-973 assault rifle 2002 26
Air Atlantic Cargo 2001 121
Air Bursting Munitions (ABM) 2003 25
air cargo companies
brokers 2001 110–23, 2001 172
tax havens 2001 104
Air Cess 2001 114, 2001 119, 2001 121, 2001 122
Air Foyle 2001 122–3, 2001 172
air guns 2004 107–8, 2004 189
air transport
brokers 2001 110–23
civil aviation regulations 2010 59–62
control measures 2010 44–9
customs regulations 2010 54–8, 2010 62
international regulation 2010 49–50
national regulation 2010 50–4
Air Transport Office (ATO) 2001 104, 2001 118–19
aircraft
air cargo companies 2001 110–23, 2001 172
illicit brokering 2004 145
MANPADS attacks 2004 90–1, 2004 93, 2004 94, 2008 12, 2008 13
registration 2001 114–15, 2010 60
use for diversions 2008 115–16
AK series assault rifles
exports from the Russian Federation 2001 158
illicit weapons in possession of RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 173
intellectual property rights 2007 24
Iraq 2007 84–5
popularity 2001 18, 2001 20, 2007 258–9
8
producers
Egypt 2002 17
Russian Federation 2001 33, 2001 158, 2002 25
symbolism 2001 205
technological developments 2003 22
AK-47 assault rifle
ammunition
availability 2005 19
type 2007 260
Bulgaria 2003 109
Burundi 2007 204
child soldiers 2001 230
crime in Africa 2004 194, 2004 195
Georgia 2003 201
illicit transfers of
to Colombia 2003 116, 2006 85
to the Republic of the Congo 2003 262
illustration of 2007 259
intellectual property rights 2007 24
irresponsible transfers of, to Iraq 2007 82, 2007 83
Kalashnikov series 2004 15, 2004 34
Kosovo 2004 197
Kyrgyzstan 2004 319, 2004 321
Latin America 2003 87
popularity 2007 258–9
prices 2002 65
2006 2007 260
Africa 2003 86
black market 2002 66–7
fashion and 2002 70
looted Albanian weapons 2002 68–9
second-hand 2002 67–8
production
global 2001 62, 2001 63, 2006 54, 2006 55
illicit craft production in Pakistan 2001 47, 2003 33
JSC Izhmash 2002 24–5
survey of producers 2004 28
seizures in Afghanistan 2003 76
South Sudan 2007 329
stockpiles
destruction of surpluses 2004 60
government armed forces stocks, East Germany 2001 75
India 2002 101
insurgent weapons in Palestinian territories 2002 90–1
Iraq 2004 47–8, 2004 49
militia holdings in the Republic of the Congo 2003 267
Mozambique 2001 64
9
Pakistan 2002 100
Saudi National Guard 2004 55
West African armed groups 2006 257
use by private security companies 2011 114, 2011 117–18, 2011 119
varieties 2007 260
Yemen 2007 45
AK-74 assault rifle 2001 17, 2006 283
ammunition 2007 260
Burundi 2007 204
government armed forces stocks, East Germany 2001 75
illustration of 2007 259
producers, JSC Izhmash 2002 25
technological developments 2003 22
AK-101 assault rifle
ammunition 2007 260
illustration of 2007 259
AK-103 assault rifle 2006 12, 2006 87
ammunition 2007 260
licensed production 2007 9, 2007 11, 2007 30
AK-105 assault rifles, identifying 2009 111
AK5 automatic rifle 2006 55
AKM assault rifles 2001 17, 2006 222, 2006 226
ammunition 2007 260
diversion to Colombia 2008 113
identifying 2009 111, 2009 130
illustration of 2007 259
import marks 2009 118
Akol, Lam 2007 321
AKSU-74 assault rifle, Burundi 2007 204
Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, stockpiles 2003 78
al-Qaeda
Afghanistan 2007 135, 2009 285, 2009 288
armed violence 2010 85
guided light weapons holdings 2008 33
Kyrgyzstan 2004 310, 2004 320
MANPADS 2004 88
Somalia 2007 93–4
stockpiles 2003 73–6, 2004 55
transfers to 2003 112, 2004 102
Yemen 2003 170
Al-Qassam rockets, Gaza 2008 15
Albania
ammunition 2005 30
diversion 2008 52
stockpiles 2008 91, 2008 93, 2010 13, 2010 14
DDR and weapons reduction 2002 301–3, 2007 65
EU Joint Action 1998 2001 271–2
10
incentives 2002 306
participatory approaches 2002 313
SEESAC 2002–2005 2005 290
UNDP 2002–2004 2005 292
UNDP/UNDDA/UNOPS 1997–2002 2003 281
weapons for development in Gramsh 1999 2001 177, 2002 298–300, 2002 302
destruction programmes 2008 97
MANPADS 2008 101
effects of small arms misuse 2001 200–1
gun culture 2005 208–10
illicit transfers from 2001 176–7
alleged arms embargo violations 2002 132
to the KLA 2004 133, 2005 218–19
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 274
private security companies
firearm stockpiles 2011 113
personnel 2011 104
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2007 15
survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 57, 2003 43
stockpiles
civilian holdings 2003 65
looting from state arsenals 1997 2001 176–7, 2001 200–1, 2001 273, 2002 76–7, 2002
298–9
military 2006 38, 2006 44, 2006 47
People’s War strategy 2002 76, 2002 77
stockpile security 2002 260
trigger effect 2001 204–5
Albanians
gun culture in Kosovo 2005 205–23
Macedonia/FRY, gun ownership 2003 67
Albright, Madeleine 2004 92
alcohol
civilian firearm users 2011 277
Colombia 2006 230
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 181
Papua New Guinea 2006 182
and violence 2001 207, 2008 222, 2008 264, 2008 275
Alcotan-100 rocket launcher 2008 25
Alderney, tax havens and brokers 2001 105
Alexander, John 2011 84
Alexandre, Boniface 2011 234
Algeria
Bamako Declaration (2000) (OAU) 2002 213, 2002 214
brokering 2004 152
conflict deaths 2001 210, 2005 248, 2005 249
11
human rights violations 2007 76, 2007 77
illicit transfers to, from Osama bin Laden 2001 171
imports
from Brazil 2004 123
classification of 2004 108
human rights 2004 102, 2004 128
irresponsible transfers to 2007 76, 2007 77, 2007 98
list of exporters 2005 102, 2006 72
value 2001 2004 109
non-state actors
foreign government support for 2002 130
Islamic militants 2003 79
light weapons holdings 2008 32
non-state armed groups 2010 270–1
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 274
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2007 19
survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 17, 2002 19, 2002 57
stockpiles
military 2005 88
police 2005 89
Algerian Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (Groupe Salafiste pour la prédication et le
combat) (GSPC) 2006 256
All Up Weight, ammunition 2005 11
Alliance for Peace Restoration and Combat against Terror (APRCT) (Somalia) 2007 93–4
alliances, military procurement 2006 21
Alliant Techsystems (ATK) (United States)
ammunition production 2001 27, 2010 22
company profile 2000 2002 29
financial indicators 2000 2002 21
government contracts 2003 17
manufacturing sectors 2005 59
Alpimex SL (Slovenia) 2003 46
Alÿs, Francis 2005 143
Amadeo Rossi (Brazil)
financial indicators 2000 2002 21
imports 2004 123
manufacturing sectors 2005 54
survey of producers 2001 29, 2001 30, 2002 32, 2004 22
Amal Movement, Lebanon 2009 319, 2009 320
ambushes, Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 279, 2006 288
Ameli light machine gun 2002 38
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) 2005 242
American Bar Association (ABA) 2005 242
American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) 2006 144
American Samoa
12
civilian holdings 2004 283
gun control measures 2004 302
stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284
Americans gang (South Africa) 2010 164
Americas
see also Central America; Latin America; North America; South America; United States
illicit transfers 2001 184–9
police, average number of officers 2006 42
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 261
production
licensed and unlicensed 2007 23
regional survey 2001 25–30
regional norms 2003 236
stockpiles, military 2006 52, 2006 53, 2006 58
weapons collection programmes 2003 280
AMF see Afghan Military Forces
ammunition 2005 9–33
see also bullets; calibre
.50 calibre sniper rifles 2005 53
availability 2005 18–23
Yemen 2003 178
ballistics and health effects 2001 212, 2001 240, 2005 23
construction 2005 10–12
control measures 2005 23–31
national control of civilian ownership 2002 265
Pacific 2004 302
UN General Assembly First Committee 2007 126
UN Group of Governmental Experts 2009 135, 2009 143–7, 2009 152
UN Programme of Action 2005 126–7
counting 2005 11
definition 2010 8–9
diversion 2005 14, 2007 289–312, 2008 45, 2008 52
Albania 2008 52
Brazil 2008 45, 2008 46, 2008 52
Israel 2008 52
Kenya 2008 51, 2008 52
Peru 2008 52
Uganda 2008 51
identifying marks 2009 117
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 260
lethality 2001 212
light weapons ammunition 2006 66–7
definition 2010 9
technological developments 2010 33–4
transfers 2010 7–8, 2010 18–20, 2010 27–32, 2010 34–5
marking and tracing 2002 245, 2005 25–9, 2005 31
International Tracing Instrument 2006 95, 2006 96–7, 2006 99, 2006 100, 2006 102–3,
13
2007 124
lot-marking 2007 303, 2007 311
measurement of 2008 89, 2008 90–1
military requirements 2008 89–94
non-lethal weapons 2004 221–3, 2005 16
Papua New Guinea 2006 166, 2006 177–8
production
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2003 43
Brazil 2001 29, 2002 32, 2004 21, 2004 22
Canada 2001 27
central and eastern Europe 2001 35, 2003 38
Egypt 2002 17
France 2002 33
global production by volume 2001 14
global ranking of countries 2001 15
Hungary 2001 37
illicit craft production, Philippines 2003 34–5
Iran 2002 18
Israel 2002 18
Kenya 2002 46
Kyrgyzstan 2004 321
licensed 2007 18, 2007 20, 2007 21
major producers 2003 14–15, 2004 27, 2010 22
military-calibre, global production 2002 15
Nigeria 2001 41, 2002 46–7
Poland 2003 42
Russian Federation 2002 26, 2003 20
Serbia and Montenegro 2003 47
South Africa 2001 41
Sudan 2002 18–19
survey of producers 2003 13, 2005 13–17
Switzerland 2001 32
Syria 2002 19
Turkey 2002 20
United States 2001 25, 2001 27, 2002 29, 2003 16–17, 2004 11–12, 2005 44
unlicensed 2007 20, 2007 21
value 2000 2002 14–15
Zimbabwe 2001 41
reloading 2007 305
security risk coding 2008 50
shotgun shells, transfers 2010 18, 2010 22–3, 2010 25–7, 2010 30
small arms ammunition
definition 2010 8–9
transfers 2010 7–8, 2010 18, 2010 20–7, 2010 34–5
small-calibre
Comtrade data 2000–2006 2009 12, 2009 14–17
transfers 2010 18, 2010 21–4, 2010 30
14
stockpiles 2010 13, 2010 14
Afghanistan 2003 75–6, 2009 302
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 279, 2006 284–5, 2006 286
militia holdings in the Republic of the Congo 2003 268
Second World War weapons in the Pacific Islands 2003 35
shelf life 2005 17–18, 2005 31
storage 2005 21
West African armed groups 2006 247, 2006 255, 2006 257, 2006 258
surplus 2008 89–94
control measures 2009 143–7
technological developments 2003 23, 2003 24–5, 2005 16–17, 2011 25, 2011 75–7
terminal ballistics 2001 240, 2005 23
tons 2008 90
transfers
analysis 2010 20–32
for civilian weapons 2003 102–3
customs data 2002 126
to Cyprus 2003 105
estimated values 2010 17–20
exporters 2006 68–73
global trade 2004 100, 2006 67, 2010 7–35
government data 2001 149, 2001 150
importers 2006 75–8
from Kyrgyzstan 2004 321
to the Pacific 2004 280–1
from Russia 2003 111
from Sweden 2001 151
transparency 2010 10–13
transportation 2005 26
undocumented 2010 18, 2010 27
value 2002 2005 98–9
unleaded 2005 16–17
Ammunition Coding System (ACS) 2005 28
amnesties
Australia 2004 57
Colombia 2006 263
incentives 2005 281
Iraq 2005 73
Kosovo 2002 291
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 181, 2007 185–8
national control of civilian ownership 2002 267
Pacific 2004 303
Papua New Guinea 2006 184
Solomon Islands 2004 298–300
South Africa 2005 75
Sri Lanka 2004 59
Taiwan 2005 84
15
Thailand 2004 71
United Kingdom 2002 271, 2004 188
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 282–3, 2002 291
Amnesty International 2004 1
Algeria 2007 77
Arms Trade Treaty 2004 133
codes of conduct 2002 183
irresponsible transfers to Iraq 2007 84–5
Israel 2007 79–80
Political Terror Scale 2007 75
private security companies, monitoring 2011 150
tracing weapons involved in human rights abuses 2004 126
transfers to human rights abusers 2002 183–4
violations of UN arms embargoes 2004 127
Amuka militia (Uganda) 2010 267
AN-94 assault rifle 2003 24
ANBP see Afghan New Beginnings Programme
ANC/MK see African National Congress/Umkhonto We Sizwe
Andean Plan to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons
in All Its Aspects 2011 265
Andorra, tax havens and brokers 2001 105
Andrade, Mônica Viegas 2007 238
AngloGold Ashanti 2011 140, 2011 156
Angola
brokering 2001 108, 2004 152, 2004 165
conflict
child soldiers 2001 230
conflict goods 2002 142
internal displacement 2001 224
percentage of population killed in conflict 2001 210
DDR and weapons reduction 2005 290, 2009 184
of civilians 2004 57
defining ex-combatants 2005 284
elections 2003 304–5
mistakes 2005 285
peace negotiations 2003 287, 2003 293, 2003 297, 2003 301–2
UNITA 2002 2003 279
destruction programmes 2008 97
disarmament 2009 162
displaced persons 2001 2002 196
illicit transfers from, to the Republic of the Congo 2003 262, 2003 263
illicit transfers to 2001 132, 2004 112, 2005 192
arms embargo 2002 132, 2004 265, 2004 269
brokers 2001 116–19, 2004 165
from Bulgaria 2001 173, 2002 134, 2002 249, 2004 265, 2004 269
end-use assurances 2002 249
MANPADS 2004 88
16
from South Africa 2001 117, 2002 132, 2005 192
UNITA 2001 173
violations of end-user certificates 2002 134
imports
from Brazil 2004 123
classification of 2004 108
human rights 2004 128, 2004 129
irresponsible transfers to 2007 98
trends 2000 2003 117, 2003 118
MANPADS attacks on aircraft 2008 13
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 32
post-conflict 2009 226
prices
black market prices for AK47 rifle 2002 66
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2002 66, 2007 262, 2007 274
private military companies 2001 110
private security companies 2011 145
firearm stockpiles 2011 113
firearm types 2011 117
personnel 2011 104
regulation 2011 150
training 2011 124
state-led violence 2009 229
stockpiles 2003 81
civilian holdings 2007 47–8, 2007 49
UNITA demobilization 2009 233, 2009 236
Angolan Armed Forces (FAA), use of private military companies 2001 110
Anguilla, tax havens and brokers 2001 105
ANHAM Joint Venture 2007 82
ANKI see National Army of Independent Kampuchea
Annan, Kofi
disarmament 2003 291
humanitarian approach 2002 177
Millennium Report (2000) 2001 2
Programme of Action 2002 203
stockpile estimates 2003 58
ant trade 2002 128–9, 2002 135
to Brazil 2001 186, 2006 84
to Colombia 2005 160, 2005 163, 2005 165
definition 2001 168
to Haiti 2005 160, 2006 165
to Mexico 2003 108
West Africa 2006 256
anti-aircraft weapons
see also man-portable air defence systems
control measures 2005 124, 2005 125
countries producing 2008 34–5
17
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 283
production 2004 33
anti-materiel rifles
countries producing 2008 34–5
prices 2008 22
production 2004 27, 2004 30
types 2008 22–3
Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention see Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling,
Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction
anti-personnel mines
see also landmines
banning campaign 2010 309
destruction programmes 2008 94
global campaign 2001 280, 2002 179
seizures in Afghanistan 2003 76
Anti-Personnel Mines and Ammunition Stockpile Destruction project (Afghanistan) 2009 302
Anti-Social Behaviour Act (2003) (United Kingdom) 2004 189
anti-tank guided weapons (ATGWs)
countries producing 2008 34–5
definition 2011 29–30
held by non-state armed groups 2008 32–3
manufacturing sectors 2005 59, 2005 60, 2005 61–2
military procurement 2006 12
producers 2011 31
production 2004 27, 2004 33
licensed 2007 20, 2007 21, 2007 22
production and values 2008 28–30, 2008 31
stockpiles 2008 19–20
transfers 2011 31–3, 2011 35
types 2008 18–20
anti-tank weapons
see also rocket-propelled grenade launchers
missiles 2005 124
production 2004 27, 2004 33, 2004 34
shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 70
unguided rocket launchers 2008 25–6
anti-terrorism laws, policing 2004 220
anticipatory action, military stockpiles 2006 37, 2006 60
Antigua and Barbuda
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 274
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
Antigua Declaration (2000) 2001 258
antique weapons, tracing 2006 104
Antonov 124 aircraft 2001 122–3
AOI see Arab Organisation for Industrialisation
apartheid
18
civilian firearms 2003 239
craft production 2003 30–1
APC see Arewa People’s Congress
APEC see Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
APILAS shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71
Appiolaza, Martín 2002 307–10
APRCT see Alliance for Peace Restoration and Combat against Terror
APS95 assault rifle, unlicensed production 2007 25
A.Q. Khan Laboratories (Pakistan) 2005 60
AR15 assault rifle, Papua New Guinea 2006 175, 2006 176, 2006 177
AR70/90 assault rifle 2002 37
AR70/223 assault rifle 2001 63
Arab Jamahiriya (Libya), transfers from 2007 92
Arab League 2004 152
Arab Model Law on Weapons, Ammunitions Explosives and Hazardous Material 2011 265
Arab Organisation for Industrialisation (AOI) (Egypt) 2001 38–9
Arabic Islamic Front of Azawad (FIAA) 2005 165
Arafat, Yassir 2002 93, 2003 78
‘architecture of fear’, fragmentation of public space 2007 176, 2007 178
Arcus (Bulgaria) 2003 44, 2005 57
Arewa People’s Congress (APC) (Nigeria) 2006 249
ARF see Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Regional Forum
Argentina
control measures
MERCOSUR 2001 258
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
disarmament 2009 162
end-user certificates 2008 128
exports
annual value 2001 148
average annual value 2001 147
human rights 2004 130
irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 2007 99, 2007 104, 2007 107
pistols and revolvers 2001 147, 2002 114, 2009 20, 2009 21, 2009 41, 2009 42
producers’ dependence on 2004 123
transparency 2006 83, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17
trends 2000 2003 114
to the United States 2009 21
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 209, 2001 240, 2003 138
illicit transfers from 2001 184–5
to Brazil 2001 22, 2001 23, 2003 117
to Croatia 2001 102
to Ecuador 2007 29
violations of end-user certificates 2002 135
illicit transfers to, brokers 2001 103
illicit weapons
private illegal firearms 2001 87
19
seizures 2006 84
imports
customs data 2002 126
from the United States 2000 2003 106
value 2001 2004 109
value 2002 2005 106
informal security groups 2011 103
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 274
private security companies, personnel 2011 104
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
of illicit weapons seized in Brazil 2001 22, 2001 23
licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 2007 18, 2007 29
light weapons 2008 34
manufacturing sectors 2005 54, 2005 61
most popular small arms 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 28, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2004 17, 2004 18–21
security sector reform 2003 153
stockpiles 2004 51, 2004 53, 2004 61
civilian holdings 2007 47–8, 2007 56
distribution of firearms 2001 67
diversions from 2001 184–5
military 2005 77
private illegal firearms 2001 87
surplus weapons 2008 84, 2008 85
urbanization 2007 168
weapons collection programmes 2002 302, 2003 60, 2003 280
public awareness 2002 307–10
Arias Code of Conduct 2001 257, 2002 182
Arias, Oscar 2001 257, 2002 182
Aristide, Jean-Bertrand 2005 163, 2005 288, 2007 174, 2011 230, 2011 231
Arizona (United States)
civilian firearms
carrying in public 2011 295
prohibited and restricted 2011 272
transfer regulation 2011 284
Armalite (United States) 2005 54
Armament Technology (Canada) 2001 27
Armatix (Germany) personalized gun technology 2011 80
armed assault
costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 2006 199–200, 2006 201
Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 2006 174
armed conflict see conflict
armed forces see state armed forces
Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) 2005 167–9
Armed Forces for the National Liberation of East Timor 2006 253
Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC) (Sierra Leone) 2006 249, 2006 255
20
guided light weapons holdings 2008 33
armed gangs, Haiti 2011 253–5
armed groups
see also gangs; guerrillas; insurgents; militias; non-state armed groups; paramilitaries; rebel
groups
accidental use of firearms 2010 319
Afghanistan 2009 290–1, 2009 299–304
Cambodia, stockpiles 2006 119, 2006 120–2, 2006 125, 2006 126
civilian holdings crossing over to 2007 60–1
civilian targeting 2010 316–18
Colombia 2006 215–17, 2006 220–6, 2006 233–4, 2006 263
command and control 2006 221, 2006 252–3, 2006 265–6
control measures, supply-side measures 2006 258–9
definitions 2010 86–9, 2010 186
demand for small arms 2006 145–8
disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) programmes 2006 259–65
engagement 2010 94, 2010 305–26
female members 2010 191, 2010 195, 2010 201
humanitarian commitments 2010 310–11
humanitarian engagement 2010 306–15
internal regulations 2010 313
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 273–89
organizational factors 2005 188–99
policing 2010 319
pro-government groups 2010 94–5, 2010 255–72
small arms 2010 305–6
misuse 2010 316–18
safety 2010 319–24
transfers and diversion 2010 324–5
sources of firearms 2006 253–6
South Sudan 2007 318–26, 2007 341–4
South-East Asia 2006 253
stockpile management 2010 322–4
Sudan 2010 95–6, 2010 285–8
typology 2006 248–50
urban political armed violence 2007 173, 2007 186
Venezuela, urban violence in Caracas 2007 186
violence 2010 85–6
weapons management 2006 257
West Africa 2006 247–67
young men and small arms 2006 307
Armed Islamic Group (GIA) (Algeria), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32
armed parties and political movements (PMPAs) (Burundi) 2007 203–7
armed robbery
Burundi 2007 212
Cambodia 2006 127–30
Georgia 2003 209
21
Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 2006 174, 2006 184
armed violence
see also violence
common factors 2008 219–22
data collection 2008 216–17, 2008 222, 2008 237
definition 2008 246, 2008 277
dynamics 2008 231
firearms interventions 2008 278–9
global burden 2008 218
impacts on children and youth 2009 193–212
interventions 2008 226–7, 2008 235–6, 2008 275–6, 2008 278–9, 2008 295–8
El Salvador 2008 281, 2008 288–95
United States 2008 280–8
post-conflict 2009 219–30, 2009 253–4
prevention 2008 223, 2008 227
psychosocial effects 2009 198–9
public health approach 2008 211–12, 2008 223–8, 2008 236–40
regional distribution 2008 218–19
risk factors 2008 262–3, 2008 282, 2009 230–2
school shootings 2008 265–6
as social phenomenon 2008 236–7
urban areas 2008 221–2, 2008 257, 2008 291
Armed Violence Prevention Programme (AVPP) 2007 178
Armenia
brokering 2004 152
exports, value 2001 148
illicit transfers from, to Chechnya 2001 178
illicit transfers to 2001 179–80
imports, grenade launchers 2011 26
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
Nagorno-Karabakh 2003 47–8
survey of producers 2001 34, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 47–8
stockpiles 2004 54
Armimex (Bulgaria) 2003 44
armour-piercing (AP) rounds 2003 23, 2005 21–2
arms control
comparison with disarmament 2009 160
post-conflict 2009 240
arms control regimes
international 2010 49–50
national 2010 50–4
Arms Corporation of the Philippines (Armscor) 2001 44
arms depots, explosions 2010 322–4
Arms for Development (AfD) 2002 297–303, 2002 306, 2006 264–5
Arms Exchange Programme for Better Living Conditions (Argentina) 2002 307–10
arms reduction see weapons reduction
22
Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) 2004 133, 2007 117, 2007 126, 2007 129, 2007 130, 2009 135–6,
2009 147–52
draft parameters 2009 151
feasibility 2009 150
history of 2009 147–8
negotiations 2011 43–4, 2011 53–5
open-ended working group 2009 148, 2009 152, 2011 53–4
Preparatory Committee 2011 54–5
scope 2009 150–1
UN General Assembly resolutions 2009 148–9
Arms Transfer Profiling Indicator System (ATPIS) 2008 129
Arms-free Municipalities Project (AFMP) (El Salvador) 2008 292–5
‘Arms-to-Africa’ scandal (1998) 2001 110
Armscor (South Africa) 2002 45, 2002 47–8
‘Army of the Pure’: Lashkar-e-Tayyiba (LeT) (Pakistan), guided light weapons holdings 2008
33
arquebuses, Yemen 2003 172–3
Arrow Boys (Uganda) 2010 267
Arsenal (Bulgaria) 2003 44, 2006 25
airburst grenades 2011 25
Arsenalul Armatei (Romania) 2003 45
art 2005 142–57
firearm use 2011 286
artillery rockets, transfers to Europe 2003 104
Aruba, tax havens and brokers 2001 105
Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement for Burundi (2000) 2007 199, 2007 207
Aryan Brotherhood (AB) (United States) 2010 160
ASAC see European Union Assistance in Curbing Small Arms and Light Weapons in Cambodia
ASEAN see Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Asia
see also Asia-Pacific; Central Asia; East Asia Pacific; Northeast Asia; South Asia; Southeast
Asia
illicit transfers 2001 180–4
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 261
transfers, value 2000 2003 101–2
young men, proportion of population 2006 299
Asia-Pacific
see also Asia; Pacific
firearm homicides 2004 175, 2004 176, 2004 177, 2004 178, 2004 200
firearm homicides and suicides 2008 219
police, average number of officers 2006 42
production
distribution of producing companies 2001 10, 2002 12, 2003 12, 2003 14, 2004 10
distribution of producing countries 2001 10, 2002 11, 2002 12, 2003 11, 2004 9
licensed and unlicensed 2007 23
survey of producers 2001 42–5
stockpiles, military 2006 52–3, 2006 58
23
violence and crime 2004 179
weapons collection programmes 2003 280
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 2004 93
MANPADS controls 2005 128, 2007 28
Asia–Pacific, gang violence 2010 142–4
ASNLF see Aceh/Sumatra National Liberation Front
assassinations
Burundi 2007 212
European stockpiles 2003 63
assault, armed
costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 2006 199–200, 2006 201
Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 2006 174
assault rifles
see also AK series; FN FAL; M16
ammunition 2005 12, 2005 19, 2005 21
Brazil 2006 84, 2007 304–5
Central African Republic 2005 312
Colombia 2006 225, 2006 231
crime 2001 22
Africa 2004 194
Brazil 2001 23
culture of violence 2001 207–8
exporters 2006 72
Georgia 2003 196, 2003 200–1
Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83
lethality 2001 212
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 279, 2006 283–4
military procurement 2006 8, 2006 12, 2006 13, 2006 18
most popular 2001 18, 2001 20
post-conflict violence 2005 274
prices, Kalashnikov rifles 2007 257–72
production 2004 8
Canada 2001 27
Chile 2001 30
global production 2001 62, 2001 63
licensed and unlicensed 2007 8, 2007 18, 2007 20, 2007 21–3
major producers 2004 27
manufacturing sectors 2005 50, 2005 51, 2005 55–7
most popular military weapons 2004 28–9, 2004 30, 2004 34
rifling 2001 212
South America, illicit weapons 2006 84, 2006 86
stockpiles, Republic of the Congo 2003 267–8
technological developments 2003 22, 2003 24
United States ban 2005 50, 2005 75
Yemen 2003 172
Assessing Small Arms Issues and Developing Capacity for Peace in the Horn of Africa
(SALIGRAD) project 2002 243
24
assessment, weapons collection programmes 2002 311–15
assistance, international transfers 2009 9
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
Centre for Combating Transnational Crime (ACTC) 2001 267
control measures 2001 267–8
MANPADS controls 2005 128
member nations 2001 267
organized crime 2001 221
Regional Forum (ARF), attempt to create regional plan 2002 214–15
survey of producers 2001 43–4
ASTAR (Spain) 2001 32
Astra (Spain) 2001 21, 2001 32, 2002 37–8
Astra-Uncetay y Cia (Spain) 2001 32
AT4 rocket launcher 2008 25, 2011 27
ATCA see United States, Alien Tort Claims Act
ATGWs see anti-tank guided weapons
ATK see Alliant Techsystems
Atlantic Firearms (United States), AK-47 prices 2007 260
ATO see Air Transport Office
ATT see Arms Trade Treaty
attacks
Colombia 2006 223–4
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 273, 2006 278–82
attempted murder, Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 2006 174
Attenuating Energy Projectile 2011 81, 2011 89
attitudes
see also culture
Kyrgyzstan 2004 318
national control of civilian ownership 2002 263
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 279–317
attrition
data on 2007 43
insurgent small arms 2001 81
stockpiles 2001 76–7
Atwood, David 2006 144
Aubeville militias (Republic of the Congo), holdings 2003 260
AUC see Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia
AUG, Steyr rifle 2011 77
AUG assault rifle
estimate of total production 2001 63
most popular assault rifles 2001 18, 2001 20
production 2001 31, 2002 30
Australia
ammunition
procurement 2010 31
transfers, transparency 2010 11, 2010 12
Bougainville 2004 295
25
civilian firearms
licences 2011 280, 2011 282
prohibited and restricted 2011 269
registration 2011 273
regulation 2011 266
self-defence use 2011 289–90
transfer regulation 2011 282
use regulation 2011 286
user regulation 2011 276
civilian ownership 2007 47–8
control measures, impact of 2004 184–6, 2005 74–5
correlation of registered to unregistered firearms 2007 56
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
destruction programmes 2007 64, 2007 65
firearm homicides 2001 239
patterns of 2007 64
rate of 2004 283
theft of 2008 63, 2008 65
control measures 2004 301–3
draft ASEAN declaration on small arms 2002 214–15
impact on violence and crime 2004 184–6, 2004 192
national control of civilian ownership 2002 267–8, 2004 184–6
registration 2004 67
UN Small Arms Conference (2001), Programme of Action 2002 210–11
costs of small arms violence 2006 194
disarmament 2009 166, 2009 167–9
exports
annual value 2001 148
end-use assurances 2002 250
human rights 2004 129, 2004 132
irresponsible transfers from 2007 99, 2007 100, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007 103, 2007
104, 2007 105
list of importers 2005 107, 2006 76, 2006 77
national reporting 2001 154, 2002 117, 2002 120
transparency 2004 117, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17
value 2001 2004 103
value 2003 2006 68
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 240, 2009 168–9
correlation to city size 2007 167
and firearm ownership 1999 2001 203, 2001 239
human development indicators 2001 233, 2001 241
gang violence 2010 143–4
illicit transfers from 2001 184
illicit transfers to 2004 285, 2004 286
border seizures 2005 114, 2005 115, 2005 116
imports
ammunition 2009 16, 2009 17
26
analysis of Pacific region 2004 280–1, 2004 282
Comtrade data 2001 156, 2009 8, 2009 12
customs data 2002 126
list of exporters 2005 103, 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 69, 2006 72, 2006 73
military firearms 2002 116
military small arms and light weapons 2009 25
national reporting 2001 157
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 24
sporting shotguns 2009 19
from the United States 2000 2003 106
value 2001 2004 109
value 2002 2005 106
value 2003 2006 75
legal transfers, classification of 2001 142
mass shootings 2011 266
military procurement 2006 30
police handguns 2011 74
policing 2004 218
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 263, 2007 274
private security companies
armed 2011 115
personnel 2011 104
stockpile management 2011 121
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 2007 18
light weapons 2008 34
manufacturing sectors 2005 46, 2005 52, 2005 61
most popular small arms 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 45, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2004 11
stockpiles 2003 88, 2003 89
military stockpiles 2006 43, 2006 44, 2006 46
thefts from 2002 259
state stockpiles 2004 284
stolen firearms 2004 61, 2004 62, 2004 63, 2004 286
theft
of civilian weapons 2008 63, 2008 65
from gun shops 2008 64
from military stockpiles 2002 259
of M-72 LAW rocket launchers 2008 49, 2008 51, 2008 52
violence and crime 2004 179, 2004 295
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2009 166, 2009 167–9
weapons reduction programmes 2003 280
collection and destruction programme 1997–1998 2002 73, 2002 74
crime reduction 2002 283, 2002 302
disarmament 2005 74–6
disposal programme 2002 311, 2004 57, 2004 58
27
young men and small arms 2006 304
Australian Capital Territory (ACT) (Australia)
civilian firearms
prohibited and restricted 2011 269
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 279
Australian Defence Industries (ADI) 2001 45, 2002 12, 2002 45
licensed production 2007 11, 2007 18
Austria
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
arms industry 2009 68
brokering 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 161
civilian ownership
controls on 2002 264, 2002 265
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
stockpiles 2001 85, 2003 64
disarmament 2009 162
end-user certification 2008 164–5, 2008 171–3
export controls
enforcement 2009 86
licensing authorities 2009 88
licensing systems 2009 70, 2009 73
re-export provisions 2009 83
transfer criteria 2009 92, 2009 95, 2009 96
exports
alleged arms embargo violations 2002 133
ammunition 2009 15
annual value 2001 148
classification of 2004 107
Comtrade data 2009 8, 2009 10, 2009 12
human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132
to Iran 2009 96
irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 2007 99, 2007 100, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007
103, 2007 104, 2007 105, 2007 107
list of importers 2005 107, 2005 108, 2005 109, 2006 75–8
military firearms 2001 147, 2009 38
national reporting 2001 149, 2002 117–18, 2002 120
pistols and revolvers 2001 147, 2009 20, 2009 21, 2009 40, 2009 41, 2009 42, 2009 43
sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 46
sporting rifles 2002 114
top exporters 2004 2007 74
transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2007 94–7, 2009 50, 2010 16,
2011 16
to the United States 2003 103–4, 2004 124, 2009 21
value 2000 2003 103
value 2001 2004 101, 2004 103
value 2002 2005 102
value 2003 2006 68
28
to Venezuela 2007 81
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 209, 2001 240
imports
list of exporters 2005 103, 2006 70, 2006 71, 2006 73
from the United States 2003 106
value 2000 2003 103
value 2001 2004 109
value 2002 2005 106
value 2003 2006 75
private security companies, personnel 2011 104
production
exports to the United States 1991-96 2001 27
global ranking of countries 2001 15, 2001 16
licensed 2002 45, 2007 15
light weapons 2008 34
manufacturing sectors 2005 57, 2005 59, 2005 61
most important companies 2002 20, 2002 21
most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 31, 2001 52, 2002 30–1, 2002 57
transportation, customs regulations 2010 57
authorization documentation, brokers 2001 100
authorized transfers
definition 2007 74, 2010 9
light weapons 2011 4, 2011 9–35
Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia) (AUC)
amnesty 2006 263
brokering 2004 164
command and control 2006 221
conflict sourcing 2005 161–3
conflict use of weapons 2005 194, 2006 226
criminalization 2010 271
firearms 2010 122
illicit transfers to 2003 116, 2004 130, 2006 85
insecurity 2006 217
stockpiles 2002 83, 2003 87, 2006 221
Automatic Colt Pistol (ACP) 2011 74
automatic grenade launchers 2008 24–5
automatic rifles
see also AK series; assault rifles
Burundi 2007 204
civilian ownership 2007 63–4
crime, Brazil 2001 23
culture of violence 2001 207–8
exports, to Nepal 2003 113
national control of civilian ownership 2002 265
police arming 2010 114
production, global 2001 62
29
stockpiles
Africa 2003 83
military 2006 37, 2006 54, 2006 55–6
police 2001 69–70, 2006 42–3
transfer of military firearms to civilian ownership 2007 61
Yemen 2003 175
Automatic Systems Scientific Research Institute (Georgia) 2003 48
availability
accessibility thesis 2001 202–7, 2002 159, 2004 182–6
Africa 2003 86
armed conflict 2005 179, 2005 180–1, 2005 182–7, 2005 200
Brazil 2007 233, 2007 235, 2007 245
Central African Republic 2005 304–13
demand for small arms 2006 144, 2006 149, 2006 150, 2006 156
Georgia 2003 196–205, 2003 207–10
human development effects 2003 125–59
Kyrgyzstan 2004 319
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181
post-conflict 2005 274–5
Republic of the Congo 2003 258–69
urban armed violence 2007 161, 2007 169, 2007 181
weapons prices 2007 269–71
averting behaviour, costs of small arms violence 2006 192
AVPP see Armed Violence Prevention Programme
Awakening Councils (Iraq), firearms 2010 122
awareness campaigns see public awareness
Aweys, Sheikh Hassan Dahir 2007 93
Azerbaijan
displaced persons 2002 196
illicit transfers to 2001 179–80
stockpiles 2004 54
B2 Group 2004 107
B-10 82 mm recoilless gun 2006 283–4
Backer, Berit 2005 214
al-Badr, Muhammed 2003 170
Badr Organization, firearms 2010 122
BAE Systems (United Kingdom) 2001 33, 2002 12, 2002 39–40
Baghdad (Iraq), urban political armed violence 2007 173
Bahamas
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
young men and small arms 2006 297
Bahrain
imports 2005 106, 2006 74
non-state actors, foreign government support for 2002 130
production 2002 19
30
stockpiles 2005 86, 2005 88, 2005 89
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
young men and small arms 2006 297
Bakaraaha Arms Market (Mogadishu) 2007 94
Bakassi Boys (Nigeria) 2006 249, 2006 251, 2007 171, 2010 266
Bakri, Imad 2001 118, 2001 119
Balawas 2005 308, 2005 312
Balkans
effects of small arms 2001 200–1
illicit transfers 2001 176–7, 2003 71–2
survey of producers 2001 30, 2001 36–8
weapons collection programmes 2002 290–1
ballistics 2001 212, 2001 240, 2005 23
Bamako Declaration see Organization of African Unity
banditry
Cameroon 2004 193, 2004 194–5, 2004 196
Chad 2005 317
Colombia 2006 217
Côte d’Ivoire 2011 208–9
effects of small arms misuse 2003 142
humanitarian impacts 2002 160
West African armed groups 2006 252
Bangladesh
black market, transit countries 2002 143–5
effects of small arms violence 2004 191
exports
military firearms 2009 33, 2009 35
military small arms and light weapons 2009 24
illicit transfers from 2001 181–2, 2002 143–5
to NSAs 2002 129
imports 2006 69
mortars 2011 24–5
reusable rocket launchers 2011 29
non-state armed groups, firearms 2010 122
prices
black market prices for AK47 rifle 2002 66
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2002 66, 2007 263, 2007 274
production 2001 16, 2001 52, 2002 57
licensed 2007 15, 2007 19
stockpiles 2002 102
transfers, to Côte d’Ivoire 2009 37
urban areas, slums 2007 169
Barbados
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 125
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
Barranquilla (Colombia), firearm-related deaths 2006 229
31
Barrett Firearms Manufacturing Inc. (United States) 2004 11, 2004 27, 2004 30, 2005 52
Barrett M82 anti-materiel rifle 2008 22
Barrick Gold 2011 142
Barrio Azteca gang (Texas) 2010 157, 2010 161, 2010 162
Barrio de Paz (Guayaquil, Ecuador) 2010 218–20, 2010 223
basic needs
indicators 2002 159
long-term effects of insecurity 2002 171–3
Basij militia (Iran) 2010 264
Basque Homeland and Freedom see Euskadi Ta Askatasuna
BATF see Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms
Batori Epszol (Hungary) 2001 37
battlefield seizures 2002 129, 2002 138–9
Bayart, Jean-François 2004 193
bayonets 2004 107–8
Bazooka 2008 25
beanbags 2005 16
BED see Special Disarmament Brigades
Bédié, Henri Konan 2011 195, 2011 196, 2011 197
behaviour
norms 2003 220–1
problems, risk factors 2008 254
Beja Congress (South Sudan) 2007 320
Belarus
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
destruction programmes 2008 79, 2008 97
MANPADS 2008 101
exports 2001 148, 2009 8
classification 2004 108
government reporting 2003 98
human rights 2004 129, 2004 132
undocumented 2009 31
illicit transfers, alleged arms embargo violations 2002 132
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 274
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
light weapons 2008 34
survey of producers 2001 30, 2001 34, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 48
Belfast Agreement (1998) 2003 72, 2007 44
Belfast (Northern Ireland), young men and small arms 2006 305
Belgium
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
brokering 2001 106, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 159, 2004 161, 2004 164
crime, age and gender 2006 296–7
end-user certification 2008 165, 2008 171–3
export controls
enforcement 2009 86
32
exceptions 2009 79
licensing authorities 2009 88
licensing systems 2009 70, 2009 73
pre-licensing requirements 2009 76
transfer criteria 2009 91, 2009 92, 2009 95
exports
ammunition 2006 67
annual value 2001 148
average annual value 2001 147
classification of 2004 107
to Colombia 2006 236
Comtrade data 2009 8, 2009 10, 2009 12
end-use assurances 2002 250
human rights 2004 125, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 132
irresponsible transfers from 2007 99, 2007 100, 2007 101, 2007 103, 2007 105, 2007
106
list of importers 2005 107, 2005 108, 2006 75–8
military firearms 2009 35
military small arms and light weapons 2009 23
national reporting 2001 147, 2001 149, 2002 118, 2002 120, 2002 122
to Nepal 2003 113
non-military shotguns 2002 114
pistols and revolvers 2009 21, 2009 42, 2009 43
share of total 2001 144
sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 18, 2009 45
sporting rifles 2002 114
top exporters 2004 2007 74
transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 78, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 49, 2010 15, 2011
15, 2011 16, 2011 19
to the United States 2004 124
value 2000 2003 103, 2003 104
value 2001 2004 100, 2004 101, 2004 103
value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 100, 2005 102
value 2003 2006 65, 2006 68–9
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 203, 2001 239
French–Belgian initiative on air transport control 2010 46–7, 2010 48–9, 2010 62
illicit transfers from, alleged arms embargo violations 2002 132, 2002 133
imports
from Brazil 2004 123
Comtrade data 2009 12
customs data 2002 126
list of exporters 2005 102, 2005 103, 2005 104, 2006 68, 2006 69, 2006 71
pistols and revolvers 2009 22
shotgun shells 2010 25
sporting shotguns 2009 19
from the United States 2001 154, 2003 106, 2004 120–1
value 2000 2003 103
33
value 2001 2004 109
value 2002 2005 106
value 2003 2006 75
International Tracing Instrument 2006 99
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 274
private security companies, personnel 2011 104
production
ammunition 2005 14
exports to the United States 2001 27
global ranking of countries 2001 15, 2001 16
of illicit weapons seized in Brazil 2001 22, 2001 23
licensed 2007 15, 2007 16, 2007 19, 2007 29
light weapons 2008 34
MANPADS 2004 81
manufacturing sectors 2005 57, 2005 61
most important companies 2002 20, 2002 21, 2003 15
most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 19, 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 31, 2001 52, 2002 31, 2002 57
Uzi sub-machine gun 2001 19
stockpiles
civilian holdings 2001 85, 2001 239, 2003 64
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
distribution of firearms 2001 66
police 2001 69, 2001 70, 2005 78, 2006 40
transportation
customs regulations 2010 57
licensing 2010 53
young men and small arms 2006 297
Belgium, John 2007 324
Belize
brokers 2001 105
civilian firearms
licences 2011 280, 2011 282
prohibited and restricted 2011 269
storage requirements 2011 293
transfer regulation 2011 283
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 277, 2011 279
control measures
Inter-American Convention 2001 256
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
DDR and weapons reduction 2005 290
gangs
gun ownership 2010 112, 2010 113
membership 2010 106, 2010 107
military procurement 2006 30
police, shootings by 2004 234
Benelli Armi (Italy) 2001 32, 2002 36
34
Benin 2004 113, 2004 152
Beretta (Italy)
acquisitions 1995–1999 2002 12
company profile 2000 2002 36–7
exports, government data 2001 150
financial indicators 2000 2002 21
illicit weapons, seized in Brazil 2001 23
licensed production 2001 30, 2002 45, 2007 10, 2007 30
M-9 pistol, production for US military 1970–1999 2001 13
major producers by weapon type 2004 27
manufacturing sectors 2005 54
most important companies 2003 15
most popular handguns 2001 18, 2001 20
sub-machine guns 2004 31
survey of producers 2001 32
Beretta US Corporation (United States)
company profile 2000 2002 29, 2002 37
financial indicators 1998–2000 2002 28
illicit weapons, seized in Brazil 2001 23
licensed production 2001 30, 2007 10
M-9 pistol, production for US military 1970–1999 2001 13
most popular handguns 2001 18, 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 26, 2001 32
Berisha, Sali 2001 200
Berlin (Germany), Turkish gangs 2010 233
Berman, Eric 2002 289–90
Bernstrup, Tobias 2005 146
Bersa S.A. (Argentina) 2001 28, 2004 20, 2004 123, 2005 54
besa (solidarity or trust) 2005 208, 2005 211–12, 2005 216–17, 2005 219–20
Bester, Willie 2005 147
BGF see Black Guerilla Family
Bhutan 2002 147, 2005 104
BICC see Bonn International Center for Conversion
Bicesse Accords (1992) 2003 305, 2005 192
Biennial Meetings of States (BMS) see United Nations, Biennial Meetings of States
‘big men’, young men and small arms 2006 305, 2006 316
bilateral agreements
humanitarian norms 2010 312
Inter-American Convention 2001 255
BILL ATGW 2011 30
bin Laden, Osama 2009 288
illicit arms for Algeria 2001 171
Biting the Bullet (BtB) project 2004 2, 2007 129, 2008 128, 2008 142
Consultative Group Process 2004 252
report 2003 2004 259–62
UN Small Arms Conference, marking and tracing 2002 247
Bizon-2 sub-machine gun 2002 25, 2007 24
35
Black Guerilla Family (BGF) (United States) 2010 160–1
black market
see also illicit transfers; smuggling; trafficking
AK-47 2001 17
Albania, looted military weapons 1997 2001 200–1
Balkans 2001 176–7
brokers 2001 95, 2001 97, 2001 101–2
Central America 2001 188–9
characteristics of 2001 190
defining illicit transfers 2001 165–6, 2001 167
definition 2001 141, 2007 74
destination countries 2002 141–2
Georgia 2003 204
marking 2002 244–5
prices
AK-47 rifles 2002 66–7
as an indicator of stockpiles 2002 65–6
M16 rifle 2002 66, 2002 67
source countries 2002 141–2
Thailand 2002 109, 2002 142–3
thefts from state arsenals 2002 137
transfers to non-state actors 2007 133
transit countries 2002 141–5
value and volume 2001 167–8
Black Sea Arms Project 2003 32
Blackwater (now Xe Services) 2011 101, 2011 108, 2011 109, 2011 121
Blanc International (United States) 2007 82
Bleach, Peter 2001 113
blood feuds, Kosovo 2005 211–12, 2005 214, 2005 216–17
blood money, Yemen 2003 181, 2003 183–5
Bloomfield, Lincoln 2004 58
Blowpipe 2003 76, 2004 82, 2004 84, 2004 85
Blue Lantern end-use monitoring programme (United States) 2008 129, 2008 137, 2008 170
blunt object injuries, Burundi 2007 213, 2007 214
BMS see United Nations, Biennial Meetings of States
BOF (Bangladesh), licensed production 2007 19
Bofors Carl Gustav (Sweden), licensed production 2007 18
Bogotá (Colombia)
control measures 2006 215, 2006 230–3, 2006 234
costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 2006 200, 2006 202–7
firearm-related deaths 2006 229
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 179, 2007 185
violence, urban armed violence 2007 179, 2007 183, 2007 185
Bokassa, Jean-Bédel 2005 303, 2005 314, 2005 315
Bol Kong, Peter 2007 334, 2007 335, 2007 336
Bolide High Velocity Missile 2008 17
Bolivia
36
control measures
MERCOSUR 2001 258
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 101, 2008 102
illicit transfers from, to Brazil 2007 306
illicit transfers to 2006 83
imports, military firearms 2002 116
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 274
private security companies, personnel 2011 104
pro-government armed groups 2010 266–7
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
survey of producers 2001 28, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2004 18, 2004 21
stockpiles 2004 51, 2004 52
surplus weapons 2008 84
Bolivian Liberation Front 2010 266–7
bolt-action rifles see single-shot rifles
Bolton, John 2002 218, 2002 219, 2002 224–5
Bombayeke, General 2005 312, 2005 315
bombs see explosives
Bonn Agreement, Afghanistan 2009 292, 2009 306
Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC) 2002 243
Bonn-Berlin process 2004 270
Bor Dinka 2007 326
border controls, UN Programme of Action 2011 44–6, 2011 58
border porousness, prices 2002 67, 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 266–7, 2007 271
border wars, Yemen 2003 170
border-control personnel, stockpiles 2006 43
Bosnia
see also Bosnia and Herzegovina
destruction programmes 2007 65
disarmament 2003 297, 2003 299
exports, value 2001 148
illicit transfers from, to Azerbaijan 2001 180
peace agreements, disarmament 2003 286
sexual violence 2002 172
Bosnia and Herzegovina
see also Bosnia
ammunition
stockpiles 2008 91, 2008 93
transfers, transparency 2010 11
conflict
deaths 2005 229, 2005 234
displaced persons 2002 196
sexual assault during 2001 213
DDR programmes 2009 184
destruction programmes 2007 84, 2008 97
37
MANPADS 2008 101
disarmament 2009 162
disarmament and weapons reduction programmes 2001 177, 2002 302, 2005 290, 2005 292
as part of peace process 2003 281, 2003 283, 2003 286, 2003 292, 2003 293
diversion of arms from 2008 122
export controls, licensing authorities 2009 86
exports
to Iraq 2007 73, 2007 84–5
irresponsible transfers from 2007 84–5, 2007 98, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007 103, 2007
104, 2007 105, 2007 106
transparency 2007 88, 2009 49, 2010 15, 2011 15, 2011 17
illicit transfers from 2003 111
human rights 2004 133
surplus military weapons 2001 177
to West Africa 2003 119
illicit transfers to
alleged embargo violations 2002 132, 2002 133
border seizures 2005 114
imports, from the United States 2001 154
post-conflict 2009 226
post-conflict violence 2009 230
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 274
private security companies
firearm stockpiles 2011 113
personnel 2011 104
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
survey of producers 2001 36–7, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 43
stockpiles
insurgents 2001 81
military 2002 77, 2006 44, 2006 47
surplus weapons, transferred to Afghanistan and Iraq 2008 79
weapons records 2009 128
Boston (United States), Gun Project 2006 148, 2006 155, 2006 312–13, 2007 181, 2008 286,
2010 246
Botswana
civilian firearms 2007 172
regional norms 2003 239, 2003 241
crime, carjackings 2007 172
disarmament 2009 162
firearm violence and crime 2004 193
imports
from Brazil 2004 123
sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 47
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 274
Bouenza (Republic of the Congo), militia holdings 2003 267–8
Bougainville
38
ammunition
availability 2005 18
use of expanding bullets 2005 22–3
conflict use 2005 185
costs of firearm misuse 2004 5, 2004 293–7
DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2005 290
disposal programmes 2004 277, 2004 296–7
peace process 2003 280, 2003 282, 2003 288, 2003 293, 2003 302–3
illicit craft production 2003 35
leakage 2004 287, 2004 288, 2004 289
Bougainville Resistance Forces 2003 35
Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA) 2003 35
Bourterse, Desi 2001 187–8
Bout, Viktor 2001 114, 2001 119, 2001 121–3, 2008 117, 2008 120, 2008 135
Bouteflika, President Abdelaziz 2007 77
Boutros-Ghali, Boutros
global measures 2001 276
micro-disarmament 2002 282, 2008 8
peacekeeping and disarmament 2005 285
sovereignty 2002 177
Supplement to An Agenda for Peace, sanctions 2004 270
Bowling for Columbine 2005 21
Bozizé, General François 2005 303–9, 2005 310–11, 2005 315, 2005 316, 2005 320
BRA see Aceh, Badan Reintegrasi-Damai Aceh
Brahimi Report (2000) 2003 296, 2003 311, 2005 285, 2005 287
Brasilia Declaration (2000) 2002 212
Bratton, William 2007 184
Brazil
ammunition
calibres 2008 45, 2008 46
control measures 2005 22, 2005 26, 2005 27
diversions of 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11
arms industry 2009 68
civilian firearms
carrying in public 2011 293
prohibited and restricted 2011 268, 2011 269
registration 2011 273
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 278–9
conflict, firearm homicides and suicides 2001 211
control measures
ammunition 2005 22, 2005 26, 2005 27
Brasilia Declaration (2000) 2002 212
civilian ownership 2002 268, 2004 43, 2004 69–71, 2004 72
gun buy-back programme 2006 141, 2006 145, 2006 157, 2006 158
International Tracing Instrument 2006 99
MERCOSUR 2001 258
NGOs 2002 243
39
norms 2003 234
Statute of Disarmament 2003 2005 27
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 241
UN Small Arms Conference 2002 228
costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 2006 201, 2006 202–7
crime 2006 83, 2007 241–2
ammunition 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11
civilian ownership 2002 268
control measures 2004 69–70
illicit craft production 2003 29
weapons used in 2001 22–3
demand for small arms
control measures 2006 141, 2006 145, 2006 157, 2006 158
cost/benefit of illicit possession 2006 154–5
individual status 2006 152
personal security 2006 149
social and economic security 2006 152
disarmament 2009 162, 2009 166, 2009 169–71
drug trade 2005 195
end-user certification 2008 165, 2008 171–3
export controls
licensing authorities 2009 88
licensing systems 2009 70, 2009 73
pre-licensing requirements 2009 76
transfer criteria 2009 91, 2009 92
exports
1989–2000 2002 125
ammunition 2007 306, 2007 308, 2009 15
annual value 2001 148
classification of 2004 107
to Colombia 2005 161, 2005 163, 2006 236
Comtrade data 2009 8, 2009 10, 2009 12
customs data 2002 126
government report 2001 149
human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131
irresponsible transfers from 2007 81, 2007 98, 2007 99, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007
103, 2007 104, 2007 107
list of importers 2005 107, 2005 108, 2005 109, 2006 75, 2006 77, 2006 78
national reporting 2002 124–5
non-military shotguns 2002 114
pistols and revolvers 2009 20, 2009 21, 2009 28, 2009 41, 2009 42, 2009 43
producer dependence on 2004 122–3
shotgun shells 2010 25
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 24
sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 18, 2009 45, 2009 47
sporting rifles 2002 114
top exporters 2004 2007 74
40
transparency 2004 116, 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2007 94–7, 2009 50,
2010 16, 2011 17
trends 2000 2003 114
to the United States 2001 27, 2009 21
value 2001 2004 100, 2004 101, 2004 102, 2004 103
value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 100, 2005 102
value 2003 2006 65, 2006 68, 2006 69
firearm homicides 2009 170–1
firearm homicides and suicides 2007 230–47
1997 2001 222
1998 2001 201, 2001 208, 2001 209, 2001 240
conflict 2001 211
correlation to city size 2007 165–7
gun buy-back programmes 2006 141, 2006 145
human development indicators 2001 233, 2001 241
unemployment 2003 138
young men and small arms 2006 296, 2006 297
gang violence 2009 211
illicit transfers from
to Colombia 2001 187–8
weapons produced under license 2007 30
illicit transfers to 2006 83, 2006 84
ammunition 2007 306–7
from Paraguay 2001 186, 2005 26
imports
customs data 2002 126
irresponsible transfers to 2007 98–9
pistols and revolvers 2009 22
from South Africa 2006 72
from the United States 2001 154, 2009 44
value 2001 2004 109
value 2002 2005 106
informal security groups 2011 103
MANPADS 2005 136–7
policing 2004 232, 2004 233
urban armed violence 2007 184
prices
black-market prices for M16 rifle 2002 67
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 274
prison gangs 2010 167–72
firearms 2010 173
private security companies
abuses 2011 150
firearm stockpiles 2011 113
illicit arms possession 2011 119
personnel 2011 104
production
41
ammunition 2001 15
exports to the United States 2001 27
global ranking of countries 2001 15, 2001 16
illicit craft production 2003 29
licensed 2002 45, 2002 51, 2007 15, 2007 18, 2007 30
light weapons 2008 34
major producers 2004 7
manufacturing sectors 2005 54, 2005 55, 2005 57, 2005 61, 2005 64
most important companies 2002 20, 2002 21
most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 20, 2001 21
survey of producers 2001 28–30, 2001 52, 2002 32, 2002 57, 2004 11, 2004 17, 2004
18, 2004 21–2
stockpiles 2003 87, 2004 51
civilian holdings 2001 86, 2005 74, 2007 47–8
correlation of registered to unregistered firearms 2007 56
correlation to GDP 2007 57, 2007 58
estimates based on GDP 2007 59
violence 2007 228, 2007 233, 2007 235
diversions from the military and police 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11
illicit weapons 2001 22–3, 2004 52, 2006 84, 2006 86
lethality 2004 53, 2004 54
military 2005 77, 2006 48, 2006 57
unregistered weapons 2004 52
surplus weapons 2008 84
violence 2007 227–52
costs of violence 2001 217
drug-related violence 2001 221
urban armed violence 2001 222
correlation to city size 2007 165–7
municipal violence prevention programmes 2007 178
policing 2007 184
Rio-São Paulo Extended Metropolitan Region 2007 169
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2009 166, 2009 169–71
weapons reduction programmes
buy-back programmes 2002–2005 2005 74
civilian firearms, destruction programmes 2007 64, 2007 65
destruction ceremony in Rio de Janeiro 2001 2002 74, 2002 279, 2002 284, 2002 302,
2003 60, 2003 280
disposal method 2002 311
public perception 2005 75–6
UN Small Arms Conference 2002 281
young men and small arms 2006 296, 2006 297, 2006 304, 2006 306, 2006 313–14
Brazilian Army, diversions 2007 302–3, 2007 308–10
Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
conflict 1990s 2003 256–8
government stockpiles 2003 259–60
militia holdings 2003 260–2, 2003 267
42
Bredenkamp, John 2001 109
breech-loaders, Yemen 2003 173–4
Bremen (Germany), gang violence 2010 136–7
Bremer, Paul 2004 44
bride price, Papua New Guinea 2006 180
British Aerospace 2002 49
British Virgin Islands, tax havens and brokers 2001 105
Britzke, Peter 2001 117
‘broken-window theory’ 2007 184
brokering
actors 2001 98–101
analysis 2001 4, 2001 95–130, 2004 4, 2004 141–71
arms transfers 2010 42
Brazil 2004 70
control measures 2002 236, 2002 252–8, 2002 271–2, 2009 141–2, 2010 44–6
licensing 2004 147, 2004 149, 2004 153–7, 2004 161, 2004 166
monitoring 2004 252–3, 2004 256, 2004 259
national regulations 2004 151–66
norms 2003 231
OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 212
regional control initiatives 2004 148–51
registration of 2001 126
Southern Africa 2001 262
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239
UN Programme of Action 2002 226
UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 282
definitions of 2001 98, 2002 253, 2004 143
illicit transfers
alleged arms embargo violations 2001 2002 134
Cold War grey market 2001 169
to Colombia 2001 187
to conflict zones 2005 159, 2005 168
into the United States 2003 106
to non-state actors 2007 133
insurgency weapons 2001 78–9
irresponsible transfers 2007 73
low black-market prices 2002 68
networks 2001 105–6
non-state actors and conflict goods 2002 140
Republic of the Congo 2003 261
stockpiles 2001 65
security 2004 56
Thailand as a transit country 2002 143
transport agents 2001 110–23
UN group of governmental experts on 2007 126
UN Programme of Action 2011 57
Brown, Mark Malloch 2002 281
43
Browning 1903 pistol 2007 204
Browning Hi-Power 2002 45, 2004 34
Browning Inc (United States) 2002 31
Browning International (Belgium) 2002 31
Browning M2 heavy machine gun 2001 19–21, 2001 26, 2002 84, 2002 86, 2003 23, 2004 32,
2004 34, 2008 21
licensed production 2007 18
Browning S.A. (Belgium) 2002 31
Browning Viana (Portugal) 2002 31
BRR see Aceh, Badan Rekonstruksi dan Rehabilitasi
Brügger and Thomet (Switzerland) 2002 39, 2002 51
kinetic energy weapons 2011 81–2
Brunei
military procurement 2006 30
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 274
Brussels Region, exports 2006 69
BtB see Biting the Bullet
Buck Werke (Germany) 2001 32, 2002 12, 2002 34
Buenos Aires (Argentina), urbanization 2007 168
Bujumbura (Burundi) 2007 197–221
Bulgaria
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
brokering
controls 2002 257
extraterritorial jurisdiction 2004 159
licensing 2004 153, 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 156, 2004 157
penalties 2004 161
reporting obligations 2004 160
destruction programmes 2008 96, 2008 97
disarmament 2009 162, 2009 179
diversion of arms to Colombia 2008 122
EU membership 2008 104
export controls
end-user certification 2009 82
enforcement 2009 86
exceptions 2009 78
licensing authorities 2009 87, 2009 88
licensing systems 2009 70, 2009 73
re-export provisions 2009 83, 2009 84
transfer criteria 2009 91, 2009 92
exports
to Africa 2001 170
annual value 2001 148
end-use assurances 2002 250
human rights 2004 129, 2004 132
to India 2003 112
military firearms 2009 34, 2009 39
44
to the Republic of the Congo 2003 261, 2003 263
selected transfers 1999–2001 2002 147
shotgun shell parts 2010 26
transparency 2004 117, 2006 65, 2006 80, 2006 81, 2007 74, 2007 87, 2007 89, 2009
50, 2010 13, 2010 16, 2011 16
trends 2000 2003 108–9
to Uganda 2007 293, 2007 294–5
to the United States 2003 39
unofficial information on 2001 158
value 2001 2004 103
value 2002 2005 100, 2005 102
value 2003 2006 68, 2006 69
illicit transfers from 2001 176
alleged violations of arms embargoes 2002 132, 2002 134, 2002 136
to the LTTE in Sri Lanka 2001 182
MANPADS 2004 88
to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 171, 2001 172
to UNITA in Angola 2001 173, 2002 134, 2002 249, 2004 265, 2004 269
MANPADS 2004 82, 2004 88, 2005 130–6, 2007 21
NATO membership 2008 103
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 274
private security companies
armed 2011 112
personnel 2011 104
production
AK series rifle 2001 17
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2007 15, 2007 17, 2007 19, 2007 21, 2007 23–5
light weapons 2008 34
MANPADS 2004 82, 2007 21
manufacturing sectors 2005 57
most popular small arms 2001 20
RPG-7 2004 36
shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71
survey of producers 2001 35, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 43–4
unlicensed 2007 15, 2007 17, 2007 19, 2007 21, 2007 23–5
stockpiles
illicit arms 2005 114
military 2006 44
police 2006 40
security 2002 260
surplus weapons 2006 25
transfers, reporting of 2009 26
transportation
customs regulations 2010 57
licensing 2010 51, 2010 53
record-keeping 2010 53
45
weapons reduction programmes 2003 61, 2004 58, 2004 60, 2005 290
Bulgarian State Arsenals, unlicensed production 2007 23–5
bullet wounds, treatment of 2002 166
bullets
see also ammunition
armour-piercing 2005 21–2
expanding 2005 22–3
lead-free 2005 17
M16 2002 165
marking 2005 28
new technology 2005 16
production 2005 13
regulation 2005 21–3
types 2005 10
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF) (United States) 2004 12, 2004 119
ant trade into Mexico 2002 135
civilian holdings in the United States 2003 61
Firearms Manufacturing and Export Report (1998) 2001 26
guns used in crimes 1999 2001 23–4
US exports 2001 152–4
US production 2000 2002 13–14
US production 2001 13–14
weapons prices 2007 260
burglary
see also theft
Papua New Guinea 2006 184
Burkina Faso
firearm violence and crime 2004 193
illicit transfers from
alleged arms embargo violations 2001 2002 132, 2002 134
to armed groups in Côte d’Ivoire 2006 256
to Liberia 2002 132, 2005 168
to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 120–3, 2001 132, 2001 171, 2001 172, 2004 132
to UNITA in Angola 2001 119, 2001 132, 2005 192
imports, authorized transfers 1999–2002 2004 113
production 2001 16, 2001 52, 2002 57
Burma see Myanmar
Burundi 2007 197–221
ammunition availability 2005 19
brokers, diamond trade conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108
civil war 2007 199–200
civilian ownership 2007 171, 2007 172, 2007 215–18
conflict
child soldiers 2001 230
economic effects of 2001 231
internally displaced persons 2001 225, 2002 196
sexual assault during 2001 213
46
conflict deaths 2001 210, 2005 252, 2005 253, 2005 258
costs of small arms violence 2006 189
DDR and weapons reduction 2005 289, 2005 290, 2009 184
destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 101
disarmament 2007 198, 2007 199, 2007 203–7
illicit transfers to 2007 74, 2007 85–6
imports
human rights 2004 129
value 2001 2004 109
post-conflict 2009 226
post-conflict weapons collection 2009 123, 2009 124
production, craft 2007 205
restructuring the army and police 2007 207
urban centres 2007 197–221
weapons diverted from South Africa 2008 196–7, 2009 109
Bush, George W. 2003 60, 2003 97
bush knives, Papua New Guinea 2006 170–1, 2006 172, 2006 174
buy-back programmes
Australia 2002 267–8
Brazil 2006 141, 2006 145, 2006 157, 2006 158
Haiti 2005 164, 2005 288
history of weapons reduction programmes 2005 279
incentives 2002 306, 2005 280, 2005 281
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181, 2007 188
national control of civilian ownership 2002 267
Nicaragua 2002 292–4
Papua New Guinea 2006 182–3
post-conflict 2005 289
Serbia 2002 290
United Kingdom 2002 271
United States 2007 188
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 282–3
Buye 2007 337
Buyoya, Pierre 2007 199, 2007 202
C-7 assault rifle 2001 63
C-75 Special Forces rifles 2002 38
C-90 shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71
C2 Group of SALW 2004 107–8
CAC see community arms collection
caches
Cambodia 2006 124, 2006 125
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 284–5
Mozambique 2002 295
CAFF see children associated with fighting forces
Cali (Colombia)
control measures 2006 215, 2006 230, 2006 234
47
costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 2006 202–7
firearm-related deaths 2006 229
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 179, 2007 185
calibre 2005 11–12
see also ammunition
military and civilian compatibility 2008 45–6
military procurement 2006 21
technological developments 2003 22, 2003 23, 2003 24
California (United States)
civilian firearms
licences 2011 281, 2011 282
prohibited and restricted 2011 272
transfer regulation 2011 284
user regulation 2011 279
Cambodia 2006 119–37
ammunition availability 2005 18, 2005 19
conflict deaths 2005 253, 2005 258
conflict goods 2002 142
crime 2003 138
culture of violence 2001 206
destruction programmes 2002 296, 2006 119, 2006 123–5, 2007 65
MANPADS 2008 101
surplus weapons 2008 96, 2008 97, 2008 98
disarmament 2009 162
disarmament and weapons collection programmes 2002 281, 2002 296, 2002 302, 2003
280, 2003 292, 2003 299, 2003 310
EU Joint Action 1998 2001 271
gangs, suppression 2010 245
illicit transfers from
to the LTTE in Sri Lanka 2001 183
MANPADS 2004 89
to Myanmar 2004 131
to non-state actors 2002 129
illicit transfers to
MANPADS 2004 88
Thailand as a transit country 2002 142–3, 2004 88
Khmer Rouge autonomy 2009 233, 2009 236
military procurement 2006 16, 2006 30
post-conflict 2009 226
death and injury rates 2002 163, 2005 271–2
prices
black market prices for AK47 rifle 2002 66
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 263, 2007 275
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 57
stockpiles 2004 56
48
civilian holdings 2006 123–5, 2006 130
military 2006 44, 2006 51
thefts from 2002 258
security 2002 259
surplus weapons, flow to other countries 2002 99
Cambodian People’s Armed Forces (CPAF) 2006 120, 2006 125, 2006 126
Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) 2006 120–2
Cameroon
firearm violence and crime 2004 193, 2004 194–5, 2004 196
irresponsible transfers to 2007 99
post-conflict 2009 226
privatized security 2003 140
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 57
Canada
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
Braidwood Commission 2011 92–3
civilian firearms
licences 2011 280, 2011 281, 2011 282
prohibited and restricted 2011 269
registration 2011 273, 2011 274
regulation 2011 266
self-defence use 2011 289
storage requirements 2011 292
transfer regulation 2011 283
use regulation 2011 285, 2011 286
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 277–8, 2011 278
control measures
brokering 2002 255
civilian ownership 2002 86, 2002 265, 2002 268–9
draft ASEAN declaration on small arms 2002 215
impact on crime and violence 2004 192
national control of civilian ownership 2002 265, 2002 268–9
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 211
registration of civilian firearms 2004 43, 2004 68–9
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238
UN Programme of Action 2002 210, 2002 222, 2002 223
customs regulations 2010 56–7
Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT), ‘Human Security-Cities:
Freedom from Fear in Urban Spaces’ 2007 180
disarmament 2009 162
end-user certification 2008 165–7, 2008 171–3
export controls 2009 67
exceptions 2009 78, 2009 79
licensing authorities 2009 88
49
licensing systems 2009 70, 2009 73
re-export provisions 2009 83
transfer criteria 2009 91, 2009 92
exports
ammunition 2009 14, 2009 15
annual value 2001 148
average annual value 2001 147
Comtrade data 2009 12
customs data 2002 126
human rights 2004 129
irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 2007 99, 2007 100, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007
104
list of importers 2005 106, 2005 107, 2005 108, 2006 75, 2006 76, 2006 77
military firearms 2001 146, 2001 147, 2002 115, 2002 116, 2009 36
military small arms and light weapons 2009 23
national reporting 2001 149, 2002 118, 2002 120
non-military pistols and revolvers 2002 114
pistols and revolvers 2001 147, 2009 20, 2009 21, 2009 42
small arms as percentage of total arms 2001 144
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 24
sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 46
transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 50, 2010 15, 2011 16
to the United States 2009 21
value 2001 2004 101, 2004 104
value 2002 2005 103
value 2003 2006 69
firearm homicides and suicides
1998 2001 209, 2001 240
and civilian ownership 1999 2001 203–4, 2001 239
control measures 2004 68
correlation to city size 2007 165
human development indicators 2001 233, 2001 241
lethality of firearms 2004 187
theft of firearms 2004 62
gang violence 2010 135–6
illicit transfers to
border seizures 2005 114–15, 2005 116
from the United States 2001 188, 2002 135
imports
ammunition 2009 16, 2009 17
Comtrade data 2009 8, 2009 12
list of exporters 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 69, 2006 70, 2006 71, 2006 73
pistols and revolvers 2002 114, 2009 22
recoilless guns 2011 27
shotgun shells 2010 25
single-shot disposable systems 2011 28
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 24
50
sporting shotguns 2009 19
trends 2000 2003 107–8
from the United States 2001 154, 2003 106, 2004 120, 2004 121
value 2001 2004 100, 2004 108, 2004 109
value 2002 2005 107
value 2003 2006 75
mass shootings 2011 266
military procurement 2006 10–11, 2006 13, 2006 15, 2006 16, 2006 30
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 275
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
illicit 2001 45
licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 2007 18
light weapons 2008 34
manufacturing sectors 2005 61
most popular small arms 2001 19, 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 25, 2001 27, 2001 52, 2002 57
small arms per person 2008 87, 2008 88
state-to-state transfers 2008 166
stockpiles
civilian holdings 2001 66–7, 2001 85, 2001 86–7, 2001 213, 2001 239, 2007 47–8
correlation of registered to unregistered firearms 2007 56
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
distribution of firearms 2001 66–7
lethality 2004 53
military 2001 73, 2001 74, 2001 76, 2002 75, 2005 77, 2006 44, 2006 46, 2006 53
weapons-to-troop ratio 2002 79
stolen firearms 2004 61, 2004 62, 2004 63
surplus weapons 2008 89, 2009 69
violence and crime
costs of 2001 216–17, 2006 196, 2006 197–8, 2006 201
International Crime Victim Surveys 2004 179
theft of firearms 2004 62
weapons reduction programmes 2004 57, 2004 58
young men and small arms 2006 297
Canadian Arsenals (Canada) 2002 45
Cape Town (South Africa)
victimization rates 2007 173
vigilantes 2007 183
Cape Verde 2004 113
firearms ownership 2007 172
MANPADS 2006 256
private security companies, public perception 2011 106
capture-recapture 2005 240
captured weapons
Lord’s Resistance Army (Uganda) 2006 282, 2006 284–5, 2006 287
Revolutionary United Front (Sierra Leone) 2006 255
51
CAR see Central African Republic
Caracas (Venezuela)
squatter settlements 2007 168
urban armed violence 2007 173, 2007 186
carbines
Argentina 2001 29
Colombia 2006 231
military procurement 2006 8, 2006 12, 2006 13, 2006 18
production 2001 29, 2004 29–30
licensed and unlicensed 2007 18, 2007 20, 2007 21–3
South America, seizures 2006 86
US Army inventory 2001 2002 84
Yemen 2003 174
cargo restrictions, civil aviation 2010 59–60
Caribbean
Brasilia Declaration (2000) 2002 212
firearm homicides 2004 175, 2004 176, 2004 177, 2004 178, 2004 199–200
gang violence 2010 138–42
stockpiles 2004 50
civilian holdings 2007 57
young men, proportion of population 2006 299
Carisma (Community Alliance for Renewal) (UK) 2008 234
carjackings, Africa 2007 171, 2007 172
Carl Gustaf recoilless rifle 2004 33, 2004 35, 2008 23, 2011 26–7
Carl Walther (Germany) 2002 12, 2002 34
carrying licences 2004 186
Colombia 2006 230–2
South Africa 2002 270
United States 2002 264
cartridges, small-calibre, transfers 2010 18, 2010 21–4
CASA see Coordinating Action on Small Arms
Casamance Movement (Senegal) 2003 82
cascading norms 2003 222
cascading weapons
Cold War 2001 168–9
licensing agreements 2007 30, 2007 31
military procurement 2006 25–6
prices of weapons 2007 258
CASE see Community Action Towards a Safer Environment
caseless rounds 2003 25, 2005 16
Cassese, Antonio 2004 181
Castelo (Brazil) 2001 23
Castro, Jaime 2006 230
casualties
see also civilian casualties; conflict deaths
Congo-Brazzaville 2002 164
humanitarian law 2001 223–4, 2002 179
52
new wars 2002 175–6
post-conflict 2005 268–9, 2005 271–4, 2005 275
type of weapons used 2005 182–7
‘casualty agnosticism’ 2005 234
categories of weapons 2004 118
Caton, Steven 2003 182
cattle rustling
effects of small arms misuse 2003 143, 2003 147
Great Lakes and Horn of Africa 2001 262
humanitarian impacts 2002 160
Madagascar 2011 182–4
South Sudan 2007 289, 2007 327, 2007 334, 2007 337–8
Uganda 2002 291, 2006 288
CAVIM (Venezuela) 2002 45
CBC see Companhia Brasileira de Cartuchos
CCW see Certain Conventional Weapons
CDC see Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CDF see Civil Defence Force
CDS see Comité de suivi
ceasefires
Colombia 2006 233–4
immunization 2002 170
CECORE see Center for Conflict Resolution
CECOS see Centre de Commandement des Opérations de Sécurité
CEE see Central and Eastern Europe
Čekuolis, Dalius 2009 137, 2009 139–40
celebratory fire
Kosovo 2005 214, 2005 220, 2005 272
Morocco 2005 86, 2005 87
Cenrex (Poland) 2004 163
Center for Conflict Resolution (CECORE) 2005 198
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (United States) 2005 242
costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 2006 208
Centrafrican Airlines 2008 117
Central African Republic (CAR) 2005 303–27
ammunition availability 2005 9, 2005 18–19
armed groups 2005 305–10
armed violence in South Sudan 2007 317, 2007 320
DDR and weapons reduction 2003 283, 2003 293, 2003 304, 2005 284, 2005 290, 2009
184
firearm violence and crime 2004 194, 2004 195
heads of state 2005 303
illicit transfers from, to Liberia 2002 132
irresponsible transfers to 2007 99
Lord’s Resistance Army 2010 288–9
peace operations, disarmament 2003 293
post-conflict 2009 226
53
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 275
small arms per person 2008 87, 2008 88
stockpiles
military 2005 77, 2006 44, 2006 51
police 2006 40
surplus weapons 2008 89
Central America
conflict, economic effects of 2001 232
control measures 2001 256–8
OAS firearms instruments 2001 256–7
disarmament and weapons collection 2002 292, 2003 292
gangs 2008 290, 2010 138
illicit transfers 2001 188–9
post-conflict violence 2009 232
prison gangs 2010 164–5
private security companies, regulation 2011 150–1
production
distribution of producing companies 2001 10, 2003 12, 2003 14, 2004 10
distribution of producing countries 2001 10, 2002 11, 2002 12, 2003 11, 2004 9
survey of producers 2001 25–7
stockpiles 2003 88, 2003 90
transfers 2003 114–16
value 2000 2003 101
violence, urban armed violence 2007 170–1
Central Asia
illicit transfers 2001 180–2
insurgents and other non-state combatants 1999 2001 79
stockpiles 2002 102
transfers 2003 100, 2003 111–12
Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)
civilian gun ownership 2003 69
firearm homicides and suicides 2008 219
survey of producers 2003 36–49
transfers 2003 97, 2003 108
Central Europe
see also Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)
illicit transfers from 2001 176
survey of producers 2003 38
violence and crime 2004 176, 2004 178, 2004 179, 2004 200
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (United States)
brokers 2001 101, 2001 103
illicit transfers from 2001 169, 2001 180–1
to Somalia 2007 93–4
Central Scientific Research Institute of Precision Construction (Russian Federation) 2001 33
Centre de Commandement des Opérations de Sécurité (CECOS) (Côte d’Ivoire) 2011 198–9,
2011 200, 2011 211
Centre des Blessés Légers (CBL) (Bujumbura, Burundi) 2007 210, 2007 212–14
54
Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue 2004 259
ceremonial rifles, police in Belgium 2001 69, 2001 70
Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) Treaty (1980) 2001 280
Ceska Zbrojovka (Czech Republic) 2003 40
Cetme assault rifle 2002 38
CGP see Small Arms Consultative Group Process
Chabal, Patrick 2004 193
Chad
armed violence in South Sudan 2007 317
conflict, percentage of population killed in 2001 210
Darfur conflict 2007 320
DDR programmes 2009 184
destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 101
firearm violence and crime 2004 194
illicit transfers from
to CAR 2005 313, 2005 315–17
to Egypt 2001 171
to Sudan 2007 92
illicit transfers to, from Libya 2001 170
irresponsible transfers to 2007 99
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 32
chain of accountability, illicit transfers, brokers 2001 106–7
Challenger Ammunition (Canada) 2001 27
Channel Islands, arms trafficking and tax havens 2001 104–5
Chávez, Hugo 2007 30, 2007 80–1
urban violence 2007 186
Chechen rebels, guided light weapons holdings 2008 33
Chechnya
child soldiers 2001 230
conflict deaths 2005 248, 2005 249
firearm-related deaths and injuries 2002 164
illicit transfers to 2001 178–9
from Georgia 2003 205
shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71
imports
human rights 2004 132
value 2001 2004 109
MANPADS 2004 90, 2004 92
stockpiles
insurgents 2001 179, 2002 82, 2002 88, 2002 90
thefts from state arsenals 2002 137
checkpoints, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180
Chevron Nigeria Ltd 2011 148
Chicago Area Project 2010 238, 2010 244
Chicago Convention see Convention on International Civil Aviation
Chicago School, gang research 2010 233
child mortality 2002 172–3
55
child soldiers 2001 230
see also children associated with fighting forces
AK-47 2001 17
basic needs 2002 171–2
Burundi 2007 203–4
effects of small arms misuse 2003 131, 2003 146–7
girls 2010 195
global estimates 2002 64
impacts of violence 2009 196, 2009 197
microeconomic effects 2001 229
children
see also child soldiers; children associated with fighting forces; youth
definition 2009 194
demand for small arms 2006 143
effects of small arms misuse 2003 146–7
impacts of armed violence 2009 193–212
death and injury 2009 195–8
displacement 2009 201–3
education impacts 2009 203–5
health impacts 2009 205–7
indirect impacts 2009 199–207
parents killed or injured 2009 200–1
psychosocial trauma 2009 198–9
international protection measures 2009 207–9
policing 2004 236
post-conflict reintegration 2009 210–11
protection against conflict 2010 309–10
UN Programme of Action 2002 209, 2002 221
victimization, Turkey 2008 247
violence risk factors 2008 252–3
children associated with fighting forces (CAFF)
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 273, 2006 275, 2006 277, 2006 280–1
West Africa 2006 251, 2006 266
Children’s Campaign against Gun Violence (Philadelphia, United States) 2007 185
Chile
control measures
MERCOSUR 2001 258
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
drug trafficking 2006 85
exports
annual value 2001 148
customs data 1999 2002 116–17
list of importers 2005 108
national reporting 2001 150
trends 2000 2003 114
firearm homicides 2003 138
illicit transfers to 2001 185, 2006 83
56
imports
from Brazil 2004 123
customs data 1999 2002 116–17
irresponsible transfers from, to Brazil 2007 98
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 275
private security companies, personnel 2011 104
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
illicit craft production 2003 28–9
licensed 2007 15
light weapons 2008 34
manufacturing sectors 2005 57, 2005 61
most popular small arms 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 28, 2001 30, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2004 17, 2004 18, 2004
22–3
stockpiles 2004 51, 2004 52, 2004 53
civilian holdings 2001 84, 2003 28–9
illicit craft production 2003 28–9
seizures of illicit weapons 2006 84, 2006 85, 2006 86
surplus weapons 2008 84
Chin National Front (CNF) (Myanmar)
humanitarian commitments 2010 310, 2010 316
weapon-related commitments 2010 317
China
control measures
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 123
Arms Trade Treaty 2007 127
draft ASEAN declaration on small arms 2002 215
marking and tracing 2002 223, 2002 226, 2002 240–1
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 184
national control of civilian ownership 2002 264
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 240–1
UN Programme of Action 2002 221, 2002 223, 2002 226, 2002 240–1
disarmament 2009 162
diversion, weapons from 2008 121
end-user certification 2008 167, 2008 171–3
export controls
licensing authorities 2009 88
licensing systems 2009 70, 2009 73
pre-licensing requirements 2009 76
transfer criteria 2009 91, 2009 92, 2009 95, 2009 96
exports
to Africa 2001 170, 2003 118
ammunition, to Uganda 2007 293, 2007 294–6, 2007 297, 2007 299
annual value 2001 148
C2 Group 2004 108
to Central African Republic 2005 316
57
Comtrade data 2009 8, 2009 10, 2009 27
customs data 2002 126
human rights 2004 126, 2004 128, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 133
irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007 103, 2007 104, 2007
106, 2007 107
list of importers 2005 108, 2006 77
military firearms 2001 146, 2001 147, 2002 115, 2002 116, 2009 33, 2009 34
military small arms and light weapons 2009 23, 2009 24
muzzle-loading firearms 2002 114
national reporting 2002 124, 2003 100–1
pistols and revolvers 2001 147, 2009 21
to the Republic of the Congo 2003 261, 2003 263
shotgun shell parts 2010 26
shotgun shells 2010 25
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 23
sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 46
top exporters 2004 2007 74
transparency 2004 117, 2006 66, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17
UN Programme of Action 2002 223
value 2001 2004 100, 2004 101, 2004 104
value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 100, 2005 101, 2005 103
value 2003 2006 65, 2006 68, 2006 69
to Zimbabwe 2009 96
gang violence 2010 143
illicit transfers from
to the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108
to Iraq 2002 132
to Liberia 2005 168
to non-state actors 2002 129
to Rwanda 2002 132
to Sudanese Government 2001 174
Thailand as a transit country 2002 143
to Yemen 2003 175
imports 2004 108
arms embargoes against 2002 133
human rights 2004 128, 2004 129
irresponsible transfers to 2007 99
light weapons ammunition, exports 2010 32
MANPADS 2004 88, 2004 93, 2004 94
military procurement 2006 18, 2006 23
police firearms 2011 77
policing 2004 220
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 125
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 263, 2007 275
private security companies
armed 2011 114, 2011 115
personnel 2011 104
58
production
AK series rifle 2001 17
ammunition 2001 15
company profiles 2002 22–3, 2002 55
of copies 2001 12
global ranking of countries 2001 15, 2001 16
heavy machine guns 2008 21
illegal 2002 96
licensed 2007 15, 2007 16–17, 2007 18, 2007 19, 2007 21
light weapons 2008 34
MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82, 2007 21, 2011 33
manufacturing sectors 2005 49, 2005 58, 2005 59, 2005 61
most important companies 2002 20, 2002 21, 2003 14–15
most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 20, 2001 21
RPG-7 manufacture 2004 36
shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71
survey of producers 2001 44–5, 2001 52, 2002 22–3, 2002 55, 2002 57
transparency 2004 10
unlicensed 2007 16–17, 2007 21
Uzi sub-machine gun 2001 19
stockpiles 2002 94–7, 2005 79–82, 2005 85
civilian holdings 2001 85, 2001 86, 2002 96, 2007 47–9, 2007 62
correlation to GDP 2007 57
registration data 2007 50
seizures of 2007 64
data on 2003 86
distribution of firearms 2001 68
MANPADS 2004 83, 2004 84
military 2002 94–5, 2006 56–7
losses from 2006 38
People’s War militaries 2002 77, 2006 48, 2006 49, 2006 52
police 2002 95, 2006 42
seizures of illegal firearms 2002 63, 2002 96–7
transfers, undocumented 2009 31
transportation, record-keeping 2010 53
violence, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 184
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 297, 2004 58, 2004 60, 2009 166
China North Industries Group Corporation see Norinco
China South Industries Group Corporation (CSG) (China) 2002 23
Choal, Doyak 2007 335
CHOUKA less-lethal projective launchers 2011 72, 2011 81
Christian Council of Mozambique 2002 243, 2002 294
Christianity, Brazil 2007 228, 2007 233, 2007 236, 2007 245, 2007 246
CIA see Central Intelligence Agency
CICAD see Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission
CICF see United Nations Centre for International Crime Prevention
CIFTA see Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms,
59
Ammunition, Explosives, and Other Related Materials
CIS see Commonwealth of Independent States
cities
see also urban areas
conflict-resilient 2007 180
failed 2007 176–8
fragile 2007 176–8
Citizen Security Committees (Honduras) 2001 257–8
city webs 2007 169
civil aviation
cargo restrictions 2010 59–60
customs clearance 2010 60
registration of aircraft 2010 60
regulations 2010 59–62
safety and security measures 2010 61–2
civil conflict see civil wars; internal conflict
Civil Defence Force (CDF) (Sierra Leone) 2003 81, 2003 82, 2003 308, 2006 249
civil law, Yemen 2003 170
Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) (United States) 2004 91
civil society
control measures
African initiatives 2001 266
Central America 2001 258
global 2001 277–8
Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 265
International Tracing Instrument 2006 96, 2006 97, 2006 98
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180
norms 2003 222, 2003 231
transfers 2007 128–9
UN Small Arms Conference 2002 247
West African Moratorium 2001 260
demand for small arms 2006 159
monitoring 2004 257, 2004 258–62, 2004 271
Papua New Guinea 2006 182, 2006 183
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 284
civil society experts, Third Biennial Meeting of States (BMS3) 2009 140
civil unrest
illicit craft production 2003 27
Papua New Guinea 2006 166, 2006 182
civil wars
see also internal conflicts; intra-state conflicts
availability of weapons 2007 269–71, 2007 281, 2007 282, 2007 283
Burundi 2007 197–221
costs of small arms violence 2006 193, 2006 194
definitions of armed conflict 2005 231
demand, prices 2007 264
disarmament 2003 277, 2003 297, 2003 298, 2003 304
60
Georgia 2003 191–2, 2003 195–6
Nepal 2003 113
prices of weapons 2007 257, 2007 258, 2007 264, 2007 267, 2007 269–71, 2007 281, 2007
282, 2007 283
Sudan 2007 317, 2007 318, 2007 326
transfers to non-state actors 2007 134
urban armed violence 2007 173
Yemen 2003 170–1, 2003 175
civil-military relations (CMR) 2003 153
civilian casualties
Abkhazia 2003 208–9
Colombia 2006 223–6
disabilities 2002 164–5
effects of armed conflict 2001 210–11
humanitarian impacts 2002 157
humanitarian law 2001 223–4
injuries and mortality 2002 163–6
injury to killed ratio 2002 161
lethality of firearms 2001 212
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 273, 2006 275, 2006 276, 2006 278–82
mortality and injuries 2002 163–6
strategic targets 2002 176
West African armed groups 2006 252, 2006 257, 2006 263, 2006 265–6
civilian firearms 2001 83–9, 2007 39–66
Africa 2003 80–6, 2004 198, 2007 171, 2007 172, 2011 264
approaches to regulation 2011 265–8
Argentina 2001 67, 2001 87
Australia 2002 267–8, 2004 184–6, 2004 283, 2005 74–5
Bangladesh 2002 102
Botswana 2007 172
Brazil 2001 86, 2004 52, 2005 74
ammunition 2007 307–8
firearm-related deaths 2007 233, 2007 235, 2007 245
violence 2007 228, 2007 233, 2007 235, 2007 245
brokering 2004 155
Burundi 2007 171, 2007 172, 2007 215–18
Cambodia 2006 123–5, 2006 130
Canada 2001 66–7, 2001 85, 2001 86–7, 2001 213, 2001 239, 2002 86
Cape Verde 2007 172
carrying in public 2011 293–6
Central African Republic 2005 312–13
Central America 2003 90
changing patterns of ownership 2007 63–4
Chile 2003 28–9
China 2002 94–7, 2003 86, 2005 82
collection programmes 2009 161, 2009 164–77
Colombia 2006 215, 2006 219–21
61
conditions of possession 2011 290–6
control measures 2002 236, 2004 66–71, 2005 74–5
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 124
deterrence 2004 182–6
Ireland 2007 44
marking and tracing 2002 244, 2006 103
national controls 2002 263–71
Southern Africa 2003 239–42
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238, 2002 241
UN Programme of Action 2002 219–20, 2002 223–4
UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 282
Yemen 2007 45
Czech Republic 2002 87
data on 2001 59, 2007 49–60
demand for small arms 2006 141–59, 2006 148
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2007 171, 2007 172
destruction programmes 2007 64–5
distribution 2001 65–8
diversions from legal to illicit trade 2002 129
East Africa 2003 84
estimates 2001 2002 74, 2002 79–80
Europe 2003 57, 2003 63–6, 2003 70–2
France 2003 69–70
gangs 2010 144–5
gender 2001 213
Germany 2003 69–70
global 2002 103, 2007 39–40, 2007 43
illegal 2001 59, 2001 89
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 203
stockpile estimates 2001 65, 2001 83–7
India 2002 101, 2002 102
international regulation 2011 263–4
Iraq 2004 3, 2004 44–50, 2004 47, 2005 73, 2005 90, 2005 91
Ireland 2007 44
Israel 2003 77, 2003 78
Jordan 2003 79
Kosovo gun culture 2005 206–7, 2005 208–23
Kyrgyzstan 2004 312–14, 2004 316
Latin America 2004 17, 2004 50–4
Lesotho 2007 172
lethality of 2007 63–4
licence or permit to possess 2011 281
licences
penalties 2011 282
quantity restrictions 2011 281–2
types 2011 280–1
waiting periods 2011 282
62
local arms races 2007 61–2
mass shootings, regulatory responses 2011 266–7
methodology for estimating 2001 65
Middle East 2005 90–1
Morocco 2005 86, 2005 87–8
Mozambique 2007 172
Namibia 2007 172
national regulation 2011 262, 2011 268–74, 2011 296
Nepal 2002 102
New Zealand 2001 66, 2001 67
Nigeria 2007 172
norms 2003 231
Northeast Asia 2005 80, 2005 85
ownership 2010 110–11, 2010 114–15
Pacific 2003 88–9, 2004 277, 2004 282–3, 2004 286–7, 2004 300–1
Pakistan 2002 100, 2002 102, 2003 33
Papua New Guinea 2006 175–8
parallel permit 2011 281
permit to acquire 2011 281
permit to carry 2011 281
Philippines 2002 98–9, 2003 34–5, 2007 145
power 2007 48
production 2002 13–14, 2002 15, 2004 13–14, 2004 16–19, 2004 22
Latin America 2004 50, 2004 51–4
manufacturing sectors 2005 45–56
sidearms 2004 28
United States 2001 26
professional use 2011 286
prohibited and restricted 2011 268–73
regional regulation 2011 264–5
registration 2011 273–4
regulation 2011 6, 2011 261–96
reporting requirements 2011 290–1
Russia 2002 87
Russian exports 2003 110–11
safe storage 2011 291–3
self-defence 2004 174, 2004 181, 2004 198
South Africa 2003 30–1, 2005 75, 2007 172
South Sudan 2007 327, 2007 329, 2007 333–6
Sri Lanka 2002 102, 2004 59
stockpiles
definition 2008 45
diversion
high-order 2008 63–4
low-order 2008 62–3
South Africa 2008 187–9
types 2008 46
63
management and security 2002 258
securing 2008 64–7
Swaziland 2007 172
Switzerland 2002 78, 2007 53, 2007 54–5
Taiwan 2005 84
technology 2003 21
thefts from 2002 137–8, 2004 60–5
transfer of military firearms to 2007 60–1
transfer to combatants 2007 60–1
transfers 2002 113–15, 2003 102–3, 2003 104, 2003 105–6, 2003 110–11
regulation 2011 282–4
transfers to non-state actors 2007 133
Turkey 2003 31–2
Uganda 2006 287–8, 2007 172
United Kingdom 2001 67–8, 2001 87, 2001 239, 2003 64, 2005 80
United States 2001 65–6, 2005 75, 2007 46–8
automatic rifles 2006 56
control measures 2004 66–7
imports 2003 105–6
police owned 2001 70
September 11, 2001 2003 60, 2003 61
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 241
unregistered, estimates of 2007 55–6
use regulation 2011 284–96
collection or museum 2011 286
genuine reason 2011 284–5
hunting 2011 285
performance or art 2011 286
profession 2011 286
self-defence 2011 286–90
users
age restrictions 2011 275–6
competency 2011 278–9
criminal record 2011 277–8
drug dependency and intoxication 2011 277
mental and physical health 2011 276–7
public interest 2011 278
regulation 2011 275–84
violence and crime 2004 173, 2004 174
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 73, 2002 74, 2004 57
disarmament 2005 74–6
operational assessment 2002 314–15
post-conflict 2002 292–5, 2005 280
weapons transferred from government stocks, marking 2002 246
West Africa 2003 82–3
Yemen 2002 91–2, 2003 79, 2003 169, 2003 177, 2007 45–6
Zambia 2007 172
64
civilian holdings see civilian firearms
Civilian Marksmanship Program (United States) 2002 86, 2007 61
civilian service corps, post-conflict security 2009 233, 2009 235–6
civilians
see also civilian casualties
armed groups in South Sudan 2007 320, 2007 333–6, 2007 338
disarmament 2003 305–9
Geneva Conventions 2002 179
humanitarian and human rights law 2002 179–81, 2010 306–10
humanitarian impacts 2002 174–6
markets 2003 29
new wars 2002 174–6
post-conflict violence 2005 269, 2005 271
and pro-government armed groups 2010 268–9
registration for firearm possession 2011 275–80
targeting by armed groups 2010 316–18
as targets 2005 20
clashes, Colombia 2006 223–4
clientelism, Cambodia 2006 121–2, 2006 132, 2006 136
CMR see civil-military relations
CNC see Computer Numeric Control (CNC)
CNDD-FDD see Conseil national pour la défense de la démocratie-Forces pour la défense de la
démocratie
CNDRR see Commission nationale chargée de la démobilisation, de la réinsertion et de la
réintégration
CNF see Chin National Front
CNGN see Norinco
co-operative conflict 2002 175
co-ordination processes, disarmament 2003 306–8
Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers 2002 64, 2002 171, 2009 197, 2010 309, 2010 313
Coast Guards, firearms stocks 2001 74
Cobras (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256–8
holdings 2003 260–2, 2003 264–5, 2003 267
cocaine
Brazil 2007 301, 2007 304–5
conflict goods 2002 142
Cocoyes (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256–8
holdings 2003 260–1, 2003 264–5, 2003 267–8
codes of conduct
see also European Union (EU), Code of Conduct on Arms Exports
exports 2002 182–3
norms 2003 223
regional norms 2003 236–7
supply-side humanitarianism 2002 182–3
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 240–1
Yemeni tribal structure 2003 169, 2003 181
coercion using weapons
65
Cambodia 2006 130–1, 2006 133
motivation for joining armed groups 2006 252
coercive disarmament 2003 298–300, 2009 165, 2009 167
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181, 2007 182–3
COI see cost of illness
COJEP see Congrès Panafricain des Jeunes et des Patriotes
cold war
data on small arms 2001 60
end of
arms brokering 2001 96–110
conflict sourcing 2005 162, 2005 165, 2005 166
disarmament 2003 290–2
ending of controls 2001 251–2
globalization of small arms 2001 199
illicit transfers 2001 168–9
new wars 2002 174
producers in central and eastern Europe 2003 36–7
surplus stocks 2001 76, 2001 97–8, 2002 84–5
Georgia 2003 193
illicit transfers 2001 129
Madagascar 2011 172–3
military stockpiles
Eastern Europe 2001 74–5
weapon-to-troop ratios 2002 75
production
central and eastern Europe 2003 36
patterns of 2001 12
supply, weapons prices 2007 268
Yemen 2003 175
USS Cole 2003 170
collective incentives, weapons collection 2002 306
Colombe operations (Republic of the Congo) 2003 257
Colombia 2006 215–41
see also Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia
armed groups 2006 215–17, 2006 220–6, 2006 233–4
amnesties for 2006 263
short-term gain-seeking groups 2005 194
attacks on teachers 2009 204
black-market prices 2002 66, 2002 67, 2002 68
civilian firearms
carrying in public 2011 296
prohibited and restricted 2011 269
conflict
arms sourcing to 2005 160, 2005 161–3, 2005 165, 2005 172–3
conflict goods 2002 142
deaths 2005 248, 2005 249
diaspora resources 2005 187
66
incidents by municipality 2006 227
internally displaced persons 2002 160, 2002 168, 2002 196
new wars 2002 175
control measures 2006 141, 2006 157, 2006 158, 2006 230–3
Brasilia Declaration (2000) 2002 212
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 179, 2007 181, 2007 185, 2007 188
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
DDR programmes 2006 233–4, 2009 181, 2009 184, 2009 187
demand for small arms
availability 2006 158
costs of possession 2006 155
personal security 2006 149, 2006 151
programmes targeting demand 2006 141, 2006 157, 2006 158
relative value of firearms 2006 154
diversion
weapons from Bulgaria and Romania 2008 122
weapons from Nicaragua 2008 121, 2008 124
weapons from Peru 2008 113, 2008 120, 2008 123, 2008 134, 2008 136
effects of small arms misuse 2003 144
exports 2001 148
firearm homicides and suicides 2002 164, 2006 215–17, 2006 227–33, 2006 236–41
1998 2001 201, 2001 209, 2001 240
human development indicators 2001 233, 2001 241
trigger effect 2001 204–5
unemployment 2003 138
homicides 2009 228
illicit transfers to 2003 116, 2004 130, 2005 162, 2005 163, 2006 83–4
from Brazil 2007 29–30
brokers 2001 106–7
Cold War 2001 168–9
Peru scandal 1999 2001 187–9, 2006 85
from Russian Federation 2001 178–9
seizures 2006 85, 2006 86, 2006 87
illicit transfers to Brazil 2007 306
imports
from Brazil 2004 123
customs data 2002 126
from the Czech Republic 2003 109
human rights 2004 128, 2004 129–30
irresponsible transfers to 2007 99–100
list of exporters 2005 104, 2006 69, 2006 70, 2006 72, 2006 236
shotgun shells 2010 25
from the United States 2001 154, 2004 120
value 2001 2004 108, 2004 109
value 2002 2005 102, 2005 107
value 2003 2006 75
Irish Republican Army 2003 285
67
MANPADS 2004 88
Medellín Plan Desarme 2008 292
multinational corporations, security 2011 147
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 32
non-state armed groups, firearms 2010 122
prices 2002 65, 2002 66, 2002 67, 2002 68, 2002 70
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 275
prison gangs, firearms 2010 173
private security companies 2011 143
armed 2011 112, 2011 113
firearm stockpiles 2011 113
personnel 2011 104
regulation 2011 151
training 2011 124
pro-government armed groups 2010 271
production 2006 217–21
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2007 11, 2007 15
manufacturing sectors 2005 47
conflict 2007 49
survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 57, 2004 18, 2004 23–4
stockpiles 2003 87
civilian holdings 2004 51, 2006 215, 2006 219–20, 2007 47–8
correlation to GDP 2007 58, 2007 59
destruction programmes 2007 65
distribution of firearms 2001 67, 2004 51
insurgents 2001 80, 2002 81, 2002 82–3
lethality 2004 53
military 2006 219–20
police 2006 219–20
seizures of illicit weapons 2006 83–4, 2006 86
shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71
unregistered guns 2004 52
surplus weapons 2008 84
Third Biennial Meeting of States (BMS3) 2009 137
transparency 2006 219
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239, 2002 240
violence and crime 2003 139, 2006 227–30
costs of 2001 217, 2006 190, 2006 201, 2006 202–7
culture of violence 2001 206–7
drug trafficking 2001 178–9, 2006 83
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 179, 2007 181, 2007 185, 2007 188
reduction programme 2008 275, 2008 292
risk factors 2008 249
urban armed violence 2007 173, 2007 183
weapon destruction programmes, civilian holdings 2007 65
colonial administrations, Yemen 2003 173–4
68
Colt’s Manufacturing (United States)
company profile 2000 2002 29
exports to Nepal 2003 113
financial indicators 2002 21, 2002 28
illicit weapons seized in Brazil 2001 23
licensed production 2007 19
Saudi Arabia 2002 18
major producers by weapon type 2004 27
most popular hand guns 2001 20
safety features 2011 79
survey of producers 2001 26, 2003 15, 2004 11, 2005 56
Columbine High School 2005 21
Comando Vermelho (CV) gang (Rio de Janeiro) 2010 157, 2010 167–70, 2010 177
Comapaore, Blaise 2001 120–3
Combined Tactical Systems (United States), kinetic energy weapons 2011 81
Comité de suivi (CDS) (Republic of the Congo) 2002 300–1, 2003 255, 2003 269
command and control, armed groups 2005 190–1, 2005 194–5, 2005 196
Colombian armed groups 2006 221
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 277–8
West African armed groups 2006 252–3, 2006 265–6
Commander Incentive Programme (Afghanistan) 2009 296
Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (CCPJ) (ECOSOC) 2001 277
Commission nationale chargée de la démobilisation, de la réinsertion et de la réintégration
(CNDRR) (Burundi) 2007 203
Commission of Nobel Peace Laureates, Framework Convention on International Arms Transfer
2003 225
commodity traders
brokers 2001 107–8
supply networks 2001 116–23
transport agents 2001 112
commodity values, Republic of the Congo 2003 272
Common List of Military Equipment (EU) 2004 155
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Georgia 2003 202–3
illicit transfers from 2001 169, 2001 175–6, 2001 177–80
MANPADS 2005 128
production
ammunition 2005 14
distribution of producing companies 2001 10–11, 2002 12, 2003 12, 2003 14
distribution of producing countries 2001 10–11, 2002 11, 2003 11
major producers 2003 14
manufacturing sectors 2005 48, 2005 59
survey of producers 2001 30–1, 2001 33–4
communal conflicts
decline 2003 63
disarmament 2003 298
stockpiles 2001 78, 2003 57
69
communal institutions, disarmament 2003 312
communicative roles, deterrence in Yemen 2003 179
communism
Georgia 2003 195–6, 2003 197
military stockpiles 2006 47–50, 2006 50
Communist Party of Nepal
firearms 2010 122
weapon-related commitments 2010 317
community
domestic violence attitudes 2008 260–1
effects of small arms misuse 2003 147
policing 2004 227–9
risk and resilience factors 2008 229–30
and violence 2008 228–36, 2008 240, 2008 256
violence reduction efforts 2008 234, 2008 267, 2008 287–8, 2008 298
Yemen 2003 169–70, 2003 178–86
Community Action Towards a Safer Environment (CASE) (South Africa) 2010 239
community arms collection (CAC) programmes, Sierra Leone 2002 290
community incentives, weapons collection 2002 306
community and informal justice, post-conflict 2009 228, 2009 230
community militia, Afghanistan 2009 290–1
community participation
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181
weapons collection 2002 299, 2002 313
community security 2010 267, 2011 3
Côte d’Ivoire 2011 211–12
post-conflict security 2009 233, 2009 238
community-based policing, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 184
Comoros, post-conflict 2009 226
Companhia Brasileira de Cartuchos (CBC) (Brazil) 2007 303, 2007 305–11
exports 2004 123
financial indicators 2000 2002 21
hunting rifles 2009 47
survey of producers 2001 29–30, 2002 32, 2004 21, 2004 22
Companhia de Explosivos Valparaiba (Brazil) 2001 29
compensation
customary law in Papua New Guinea 2006 179–80, 2006 182
disarmament, Solomon Islands 2003 303
Yemen 2003 181, 2003 183–5
competency, civilian firearm users 2011 278–9
Complejo Quimico Industrial del Ejercito (CQIE) (Chile) 2001 30
compliance-based approaches, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181, 2007
183–5
components, manufacturing sectors 2005 44, 2005 45, 2005 46–7, 2005 49–51, 2005 58–62,
2005 63, 2005 64
Comprehensive Peace Agreement 2005 (CPA) (Sudan) 2007 317–20, 2007 321–2, 2007 327,
2007 331–3, 2010 277, 2010 279–80, 2010 292–6
70
Computer Numeric Control (CNC) machines 2005 49, 2005 54
Comtech Mobile Data Corporation 2008 132
Comtrade see United Nations, Commodity Trade Statistics Database
Condor (Brazil) 2001 29
less-lethal grenades 2011 93
confidence, weapons collection 2002 304
confiscated weapons
destruction, Cambodia 2006 124
marking and tracing of 2006 107
Philippines 2007 145
thefts from stores of, Chile 2006 85
confiscation programmes
Cambodia 2002 296
China 2002 297
disposal of weapons 2002 310–11
Pakistan, 2000–2001 2002 100
conflict
see also casualties; civil wars; civilian casualties; conflict deaths; internal conflict;
intra-state conflict; post-conflict
Afghanistan, stockpiles 2003 73–6
ammunition availability 2005 18–20, 2005 30, 2005 31
arms sourcing 2005 159–73
battlefield seizures and war booty 2002 138–9
Bougainville 2004 293–7
brokers 2004 142
Burundi 2007 197–221
Cambodia 2006 120–2
child health impacts 2009 205
civilian casualties 2001 210–11
Colombia 2006 216–17, 2006 219, 2006 222–7, 2006 234
consequences of 2005 231
costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 2006 192, 2006 193, 2006 194, 2006 195
definitions of 2001 210, 2005 230–2
demand for small arms 2006 143, 2006 145–8
developing countries 2003 126–8
disability-adjusted life years (DALY) 2002 162
disarmament initiatives 2005 72–6
distinguishing from post-conflict 2005 269–71
economic effects 2001 229–32, 2002 174–5
effect on prices 2002 67–8
European stockpiles 2003 63
Fiji 2004 290–2
gender of victims 2001 213
Georgia 2003 191–6, 2003 205–7
gun culture 2005 205–23, 2007 40
human rights law 2002 164, 2002 179
humanitarian impacts 2001 222–9, 2002 160–92
71
humanitarian law, enforcement 2002 180
illicit craft production 2003 27
illicit transfers 2001 190
importers 2006 74
injury to killed ratio 2002 161
insurgent stockpiles 2002 80–3
internal, humanitarian impacts 2002 173–6
internal displacement 2001 224–5, 2002 167–70
International Institute for Strategic Studies Armed Conflict Database 2007 76
Iraq 2004 44–50
irresponsible small arms transfers 2007 75–81, 2007 98–107
link to crime, weapons collection 2002 295–7
manufacturing sectors 2005 55, 2005 57
medical services 2002 166
military procurement 2006 22, 2006 26
new humanitarianism 2002 184–6
new wars 2002 173–6
ongoing in 2004 2005 271
Pacific 2003 35–6, 2004 290–6
parties 2005 231
Philippines 2007 145
post-conflict police reforms 2004 240–1
prevention 2003 150–1
purpose of 2002 175, 2005 231
Republic of the Congo 2003 256–8
risk of, prices 2007 265, 2007 269–72
Solomon Islands 2004 292–3
South Sudan 2007 317–44
stockpiles 2003 57
tracing 2006 95, 2006 105, 2006 111
urban political armed violence 2007 173
urbanization and crime 2007 164
variations in the use of small arms 2005 179–200
West African armed groups 2006 247–67
Yemen 2003 170–1, 2003 175
conflict deaths 2002 160–7, 2005 229–59
see also direct conflict deaths; indirect conflict deaths
Abkhazia 2003 208–9
Afghanistan 2009 289
children and youth 2009 195–8
Colombia 2006 215
datasets 2005 238–9
death-injury ratio 2002 162
effects 2001 210–12
estimates 2001 210–12, 2004 175
estimation techniques 2005 239–41
global deaths 2002 157, 2002 160–1
72
media reports 2005 235–8
mortality data 2002 162
official reports 2005 233–5
post-conflict zones 2005 268–9
role of small arms 2005 248–51
Southern Lebanon 2009 325
underreporting 2005 241–8
conflict goods 2002 139–41, 2002 142, 2002 174, 2002 175
conflict resolution
disarmament 2003 311–12
effects of small arms misuse 2003 147
Papua New Guinea 2006 183
Yemen 2003 182–5
conflict tracing
marking 2006 95
weapon identification 2009 109–22
conflict trade 2002 139–41
conflict weapons
crime in Africa 2004 194–6
Iraq 2004 3, 2004 43, 2004 44–50, 2004 54, 2004 71–2
Kosovo 2004 197
Pacific 2004 289, 2004 290–6
Sri Lanka 2004 59
conflict-resilient cities 2007 180
Congo see Congo-Brazzaville; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Republic of the Congo; Zaire
Congo-Brazzaville
see also Republic of the Congo
conflict
child soldiers 2001 230
death and injury rates 2002 163, 2002 164, 2005 252, 2005 253, 2005 258
internal displacement 2001 224
new wars 2002 175
percentage of population killed in 2001 210
exports, irresponsible transfers from 2007 99
illicit transfers from 2002 132
illicit transfers to 2001 104–5
imports, irresponsible transfers to 2007 100
UNITA 2005 192
Congolese Rally for Democracy–Goma (RCD–Goma), firearms 2010 122
Congo River 2003 270–1
Congrès Panafricain des Jeunes et des Patriotes (Pan-African Congress of Young Patriots,
COJEP) 2011 214
Conseil national pour la défense de la démocratie (CNDD) (Burundi) 2007 203, 2007 204
Conseil national pour la défense de la démocratie-Forces pour la défense de la démocratie
(CNDD-FDD) (Burundi) 2007 197, 2007 199, 2007 203
disarmament 2007 204
ex-combatants 2007 218
73
militias 2007 202, 2007 206
restructuring of the army 2007 207
consensual disarmament 2003 298–300
Consent-to-Search programme (United States) 2006 311–12, 2007 181, 2008 283
consignee, definition 2009 64
Consolidated Appropriations Act (2004) (United States) 2004 12
Constabulary military doctrine 2006 45, 2006 50–1
constituency building, NGOs and control 2002 242
consumerist militarism, culture of violence 2001 205
Contact-Memory Buttons 2002 261
Container Security Initiative (US Customs Service) 2003 107
containment
fragmentation of public space 2007 175–8
urban violence 2007 162
Conté, President Lansana 2006 252
Continental Aviation Company 2001 172
contingent valuation (CV) surveys 2003 133, 2003 135
Contras, illicit transfers to 2002 129
Control Arms Campaign 2004 1, 2006 97, 2007 129
control measures 2001 251–83, 2002 235–72
see also international control measures; national control measures; regional control
measures
accessibility thesis 2001 202, 2004 182–6
air cargo companies 2001 112–14
ammunition 2005 9, 2005 10, 2005 20–31
Argentina 2004 18–19
armed groups 2006 258–65
Australia 2004 67, 2004 184–6, 2004 192, 2004 301, 2004 302, 2004 303
Brazil 2003 87, 2006 141, 2006 145, 2006 157
brokering 2001 96, 2002 236, 2002 252–8, 2002 271–2, 2004 141–66
2001 update 2001 4, 2001 103–5, 2001 123–9, 2001 130
loop-holes 2001 103–5
national regulations 2004 151–66
norms 2003 231
OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 212
regional control initiatives 2004 148–51
Southern Africa 2001 262
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239
UN Programme of Action 2002 226
UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 282
Cambodia 2006 119, 2006 123–30, 2006 134, 2006 136
Canada 2004 43, 2004 68–9, 2004 192, 2006 197–8
Central America 2001 257–8
civilian ownership
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 124
Germany 2007 51
Ireland 2007 44
74
national control of 2002 222–5, 2002 263–71
national firearms controls 2002 263–71, 2003 239–43
patterns of 2007 63
South Sudan 2007 333–6
Yemen 2007 45
Colombia 2006 141, 2006 157, 2006 158, 2006 215–16, 2006 219, 2006 230–5
crime control 2001 219–22
demand for small arms 2006 141–3, 2006 145, 2006 148, 2006 150, 2006 158
prices 2007 264, 2007 281, 2007 282
disarmament 2003 309–11
South Sudan 2007 333–6
effectiveness of legislation 2004 182, 2004 186
end-use assurances 2002 248–52
estimating private legal firearms 2001 84–6
exports 2004 144, 2004 155, 2004 158
accountability 2002 248
end-use assurances 2002 248–52
of firepower 2005 184–5
harmonization 2002 236
human rights 2001 223
illicit transfers, ‘ant trade’ 2001 168
impact of 2004 184–6
Inter-American Convention 2001 253
International Tracing Instrument 2006 95–114
light weapons 2005 123–38
MANPADS 2004 90–4
manufacturing sectors 2005 50, 2005 64
Middle East 2003 79–80
municipal violence prevention programmes 2007 178–88
NGOs 2002 242–3
norms 2003 230–3
Pacific 2004 300–3
Pakistan 2002 100
Papua New Guinea 2006 165
peace process 2003 278
prices 2007 257, 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 265, 2007 266–7, 2007 271, 2007 281, 2007
282
production 2001 7–8, 2001 12, 2003 33
licensed and unlicensed 2007 23–32
social, Yemen 2003 169–70
South Africa 2006 158
Southern Africa 2001 261–2, 2003 239–43
stockpile management 2002 258–61
supply-side humanitarianism 2002 182–3
tracing 2002 243–8, 2006 95–114
transfers
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 122–4
75
international 2007 117–38, 2007 122–4, 2007 128–37
irresponsible 2007 73
licensing agreements 2007 26–31
transport agents 2001 103–4, 2001 123–9, 2001 130
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 237–43
UN Programme of Action 2002 208–9, 2002 222–6
United Kingdom 2004 67, 2004 188–9, 2004 192
United States 2004 66–7
violence and crime 2004 182–6
weapons management within armed groups 2006 257
Yemen 2003 169–70, 2003 181–3, 2003 183–7, 2003 185–7
young men and small arms 2006 310–16
Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition,
Explosives, and Other Related Materials (CIFTA) 2009 62, 2009 63
Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention) (1944) 2010 59–60
Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives (1991) 2002 245
Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of
Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction (Ottawa Convention) (1997) 2002 179,
2002 205, 2004 261, 2008 9, 2008 94–5, 2010 309, 2010 312
Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) (1989) 2009 193, 2009 208, 2009 209
Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) 2009 197,
2009 209
Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty 2004 78, 2008 92
Cook Islands
civilian holdings 2004 283, 2004 302
illicit weapons and trade 2004 285
stockpiles 2003 89
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
Coordinating Action on Small Arms (CASA) 2003 152
coping strategies, demand for small arms 2006 143
corporate accountability, stockpiles 2003 58
corporate complicity 2011 152–3
corporate social responsibility
licensed production 2007 27, 2007 31
multinational corporations 2011 139–41, 2011 151–3
Correlates of War Project (CoW) 2005 231, 2005 238
corruption
Cambodia 2006 132–3, 2006 135
illicit transfers 2001 190–1
policing 2004 196, 2004 233, 2006 148, 2006 151
Thailand as a transit country 2002 143
thefts from state arsenals 2002 137–8
Uganda 2006 288
West African armed groups 2006 255, 2006 259
cost of illness (COI) method 2003 132–3
cost-benefit analysis, disarmament programmes 2003 132–3, 2003 135
Costa Rica
76
control measures
Arias Code of Conduct 2001 257
Framework Agreement for Democratic Security in Central America 2001 257
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
transfers 2007 128
DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2005 290
economic effects of conflict 2001 232
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 232, 2001 233, 2001 241
gangs
gun ownership 2010 112, 2010 113
membership 2010 106, 2010 107
illicit transfers from, to Colombia 2004 130, 2005 162
imports, from the United States 2000 2003 106
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 275
private security companies
firearm stockpiles 2011 113
personnel 2011 104
costs
of availability of small arms, for aid agencies 2001 233–4
of control measures, Canada 2006 197–8
of small arms crime 2004 199
measuring 2004 191
Pacific region 2004 290–6
of small arms ownership, demand for small arms 2006 149, 2006 150, 2006 153–8
of small arms violence 2001 3, 2001 4, 2001 216, 2006 189–211
accounting framework 2003 132–3, 2003 135
methods of calculating 2001 214
treatment of injuries 2001 216–17
typology 2006 190–5
weapons prices 2007 263, 2007 265, 2007 266–9
Côte d’Ivoire
armed forces 2011 197–9
armed groups
craft production 2006 255
motivation for joining 2006 252
sources of weapons 2006 254, 2006 255
stockpiles 2003 82
supply-side measures 2006 258
transfers to 2006 256
typology 2006 249
banditry 2011 208–9
child reintegration 2009 210
community security 2011 3, 2011 211–12
comzones 2011 202–3, 2011 211, 2011 218–19
conflict 2011 193, 2011 194–7
conflict deaths 2005 248, 2005 249
conflict use 2005 193
77
crime 2011 207–9
DDM programme 2011 213, 2011 219
DDR programmes 2006 259, 2006 262, 2009 184, 2009 187, 2011 219
diversion of ammunition to Liberia 2008 121, 2008 123, 2008 126, 2008 129, 2008 134
dozos (traditional hunters) 2011 3, 2011 212
gendarmerie, weapons 2011 199, 2011 200
gender-based violence 2011 209
illicit transfers from
to Liberia 2002 132, 2005 169
to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 171, 2001 172, 2004 131
to UNITA in Angola 2002 132
illicit transfers to 2005 106
violations of end-user certificates 2002 134–5
imports 2003 118, 2004 109, 2006 70, 2006 74
irresponsible transfers to 2007 100
independence 2011 197
insecurity
concerns 2011 206–8
perceptions of 2011 207
types of 2011 208–11
international forces 2011 216
judicial system 2011 201, 2011 203, 2011 219–20
militias 2011 212–14
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 32
non-state armed groups
firearms 2010 122
stockpiles 2010 324
non-state security 2011 211–16
police, weapons 2011 199, 2011 200
political history 2011 194–9
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
post-electoral crisis (2010) 2011 193, 2011 221
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 275
prisons 2011 201
private security companies
armed 2011 3, 2011 215
personnel 2011 104
rebel forces 2011 193, 2011 196–7, 2011 202–4
weapons 2011 204
resource-based conflict 2011 209
security forces 2011 6
fragmentation 2011 199–201
perceptions of 2011 205–6
reform 2011 194, 2011 216–20, 2011 221
vectors of insecurity 2011 210–11
weapons 2011 200, 2011 204
transfers, from Bangladesh 2009 37
78
violence linked to electoral process 2011 209–10
COUGAR less-lethal projective launchers 2011 72, 2011 81
country-to-country transactions 2003 101
‘coup proofing’, Constabulary militaries 2006 50
covert transfers 2007 74, 2007 76, 2007 90–4
CoW see Correlates of War Project
CPA see Comprehensive Peace Agreement
CPAF see Cambodian People’s Armed Forces
CPP see Cambodian People’s Party
CQIE see Complejo Quimico Industrial del Ejercito
craft production 2001 45–7, 2003 9–10, 2003 26–36, 2007 43
Africa 2003 83, 2003 86
ammunition 2005 10, 2005 15–16, 2005 18
Brazil 2001 23, 2003 29
Burundi 2007 204, 2007 205
Chile 2003 28, 2006 85
civilian holdings 2007 43, 2007 53
Colombia 2004 24, 2005 161–2, 2006 223
definitions 2001 9, 2003 26, 2003 59–60, 2004 8
Ecuador 2004 24
Ghana 2003 29–30, 2006 258
illicit transfers 2002 139
Mali 2005 166
Middle East 2002 16–17
Pacific region 2003 35–6, 2004 277, 2004 288
Pakistan 2001 46–7, 2002 67, 2002 102, 2002 296–7, 2003 9, 2003 27, 2003 32–3
Papua New Guinea 2006 175, 2006 176, 2006 177, 2006 178
Philippines 2003 33–5, 2007 145
repairs and sporadic production sector 2005 46–9
South Africa 2001 22, 2001 45–6, 2003 30–1, 2003 31
Turkey 2003 31–2
West African armed groups 2006 255
CRC see Convention on the Rights of the Child
crime
see also gangs; organized crime; policing; theft; violence
accessibility thesis 2004 182–6
Africa 2004 192–9, 2007 171
armed gang membership, effects of small arms misuse 2003 146
armed groups
long-term gain-seeking groups 2005 196
UNITA 2005 192
West African 2006 255
ASEAN initiatives 2001 267
Australia 2002 268
black market 2001 167
Brazil 2004 69–70, 2006 83, 2007 241–2, 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11
diversions of ammunition 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11
79
illicit craft production 2003 29
national control of civilian ownership 2002 268
urbanization 2007 241–2
weapons used in 2001 22–3
brokering penalties 2004 160–2
Burundi 2007 211–12
Cambodia 2006 125–30, 2006 131–3, 2006 136
Canada 2004 62, 2004 68
cascaded military weapons 2002 175
Central African Republic 2005 322–3
Chile, illicit craft production 2003 28–9
Colombia 2006 217, 2006 227–30, 2006 234
conflict, weapons collection 2002 295–7
costs of violence 2001 4, 2001 216
Côte d’Ivoire 2011 207–9
definitions of armed conflict 2005 231
demand for small arms 2006 142–3, 2006 148, 2006 149–51
prices 2007 265
economic costs 2004 190
effects of firearms small arms availability 2001 200–8, 2001 219–22, 2004 2, 2004 4, 2004
173–211
effects of small arms misuse 2001 214, 2003 131, 2003 136–40
Europe
border seizures 2005 116
civilian holdings 2003 67, 2003 68
stockpiles 2003 63
unregistered guns 2003 71–2
Georgia 2003 202, 2003 206–7, 2003 208–9
Germany 2007 51
global norms 2003 229–30
Haiti 2011 231, 2011 238–42
Honduras 2002 195
illicit transfers 2001 190
Bangladesh as a transit country 2002 143
Latin America 2001 185, 2003 116–17
to Papua New Guinea 2001 184
imitation guns 2003 59
International Tracing Instrument 2006 103, 2006 105
Interpol statistics 2003 158
Iraq 2004 44, 2004 50
Ireland 2007 44
Kyrgyzstan 2004 315–16
Latin America and the Caribbean 2003 87, 2004 50, 2004 52, 2006 83
Madagascar 2011 180–1
monitoring 2004 255
Morocco 2005 87
Nicaragua 2002 195
80
opportunity for gain from 2007 167, 2007 169
Pacific 2004 295
Papua New Guinea 2006 165–6, 2006 168–75, 2006 184
Philippines 2007 145
illicit craft production 2003 34, 2003 35
police criminality 2004 233
post-conflict 2002 292, 2005 271–4
preferred types of small arms 2001 22
prices 2002 68
risk of being caught 2007 167
short-term gain-seeking groups 2005 192–3
South Africa 2004 63, 2008 183, 2008 184–7, 2008 191–2, 2008 195
South Sudan 2007 317, 2007 327–31
Sri Lanka 2004 59
stockpiles 2003 57
sub-machine guns 2004 30
Taiwan 2005 84
Thailand 2004 71
theft of weapons from crime scenes 2006 39
Turkey, illicit craft production 2003 31
Uganda 2006 288
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 237, 2002 238
United Kingdom 2004 67
United States 2001 23–4, 2003 18
access to firearms 2008 284–7
gun crime reduction 2008 287–8
urban violence 2007 161, 2007 164–7, 2007 169–73
urbanization 2007 164–7
using stolen firearms 2004 60–5
weapon tracing 2009 121
weapons collection programmes 2002 279, 2002 304–5, 2002 311, 2009 166
conflict 2002 295–7
crime prevention programmes 2002 282–3, 2002 307–10, 2004 190
post-conflict 2002 292
Yemen 2003 179–80, 2003 187
young men and small arms 2006 296–7, 2006 307
Crime Observatory (Jamaica) 2008 297
crime prevention councils 2007 182
crime-related violence, post-conflict 2009 228
criminal law, Yemen 2003 170
criminal records, civilian firearm users 2011 277–8
criminalization, transportation 2010 54
Croatia
civilian firearms
carrying in public 2011 293
licences 2011 280
prohibited and restricted 2011 270
81
storage requirements 2011 293
transfer regulation 2011 283
use regulation 2011 284, 2011 286
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 277, 2011 279
civilian ownership 2003 65
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
conflict, homicide and suicides during 2001 211
destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 97
disarmament 2009 162
exports
irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007 103, 2007 104, 2007
105, 2007 106
military firearms 2002 116
pistols and revolvers 2009 20, 2009 21, 2009 41, 2009 42
transparency 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17
to the United States 2003 39, 2009 21
unofficial information 2001 158
value 2003 2006 68, 2006 70
value 2001 148
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 211, 2001 233, 2001 241
illicit transfers from 2003 111
to Colombia 2004 129
to the KLA 2004 133
to West Africa 2003 119
illicit transfers to
brokers 2001 102
violations of end-user certificates 2002 135
imports, grenade launchers 2011 26
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 275
private security companies
armed 2011 112, 2011 113
personnel 2011 104
pro-government armed groups 2010 263
production
of copies 2001 12
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2007 15
light weapons 2008 34
manufacturing sectors 2005 54, 2005 55
most popular small arms 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 37, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 44–5
Uzi sub-machine gun 2001 19
unlicensed production 2007 15, 2007 25
weapons collection and destruction programmes
disposal method 2002 311
Government peace-building 2001 2003 281, 2005 292
82
peace operations 2003 293
SEESAC 2002–2005 2005 290
UNTAES peace-building 1996–1998 2001 177, 2002 290, 2002 302, 2003 280, 2003
293
weapons records 2009 128
young men and small arms 2006 297
cross-border trade, between the DRC and the RoC 2003 270–2
Crossman Corp (United States) 2002 28
crowd control 2004 233–5, 2004 312, 2011 87–9
CS (tear) gas, policing 2004 223, 2004 235
CSG see China South Industries Group Corporation
Cuba
control measures
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 123
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
illicit transfers from, Cold War grey market 2001 169
military stockpiles 2001 72, 2002 77, 2006 48, 2006 57
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 275
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
light weapons 2008 34
survey of producers 2001 25, 2001 52, 2002 57
Cugir (Romania) 2003 46
culture
accessibility thesis 2001 202
civilian ownership, national control of 2002 263
Colombia 2006 232
conflict use 2005 180
demand for small arms 2006 144
effects of small arms availability 2001 205–8
Europe 2003 63, 2003 66–9
illicit craft production 2003 27, 2003 32–5
Kosovo 2005 205–23
Kyrgyzstan 2004 318
Pacific 2003 88
Pakistan 2003 32–3
Philippines 2003 33–5
post-conflict 2005 275, 2005 280
symbolism of firearms 2001 205
United States 2003 16
weapons collection, Argentina 2002 308
Yemen 2003 187
young men and small arms 2006 295, 2006 302–10, 2006 314–16
culture of violence
effects of small arms availability 2001 205–8
Kosovo 2005 205–23
microeconomics 2001 229–30
83
Cunningham, Charles 2004 70–1
Curbelo, Nelsa 2010 209, 2010 216, 2010 219, 2010 220, 2010 221, 2010 222, 2010 223
custodial authorities, military stockpiles 2006 58–60
customary law
effects of small arms misuse 2003 147
international 2003 217–18
Papua New Guinea 2006 179–80, 2006 183
Yemen 2003 183–4
customs
ammunition data 2010 10
authorized arms transfers 2009 7
brokering 2001 126, 2004 146
civil aviation 2010 60
codes 2003 177
container freight 2003 107
data, limitations of 2008 28
discrepancies in data 2001 150–1, 2001 153–4, 2001 156
European Union 2003 104
illicit transfers 2005 113–16
importers 2001 156–7
international regulations 2010 54–5
methodology for estimating transfers 2001 144
national regulations 2010 55–8
seizures, South America 2006 83–4
transit trade 2003 104–5
US exports 2001 152–4
Yemen 2003 176–7, 2003 183–4
customs officers, stockpiles 2006 43
CV see Comando Vermelho; contingent valuation
Cyprus
EU membership 2008 103
exports
annual value 2001 148
human rights 2004 132
irresponsible transfers from 2007 100, 2007 101, 2007 105, 2007 106
transparency 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17
imports
ammunition 2009 17
Comtrade data 2009 12
customs data 2002 126
list of exporters 2005 104, 2006 72
military firearms 2002 116
military small arms and light weapons 2009 25
transit trade 2003 104–5
value 2001 2004 100, 2004 108, 2004 109
value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 106, 2005 107
value 2003 2006 65, 2006 74, 2006 75
84
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 275
private security companies, personnel 2011 104
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 57
weapons collection programmes 2003 281
CZ (Czech Republic) 2001 21
CZ58 assault rifle, Burundi 2007 204
Czech Republic
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
brokering 2004 153, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 158, 2004 160, 2004 161
destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 101
disarmament 2009 162
EU membership 2008 103
export controls 2009 67
enforcement 2009 86
exceptions 2009 78
licensing authorities 2009 88
licensing systems 2009 71, 2009 73
pre-licensing requirements 2009 76
transfer criteria 2009 93, 2009 95
exports
ammunition 2009 15, 2009 16
to Uganda 2007 293
annual value 2001 148
C2 Group 2004 108
to Colombia 2004 129, 2004 130, 2005 161, 2006 236
Comtrade data 2009 12
to the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2004 130
human rights 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132
to Indonesia 2004 130, 2004 131
irresponsible transfers from 2007 99, 2007 100, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007 104, 2007
105, 2007 106, 2007 107
list of importers 2005 108, 2006 75–8
military firearms 2002 116, 2009 35
muzzle-loading firearms 2002 114
national reporting 2002 118, 2002 120
non-military pistols and revolvers 2002 114
to Pakistan 2004 131
pistols and revolvers 2001 146, 2001 147, 2009 20, 2009 21, 2009 41
to Russia 2004 132
sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 46
to Sri Lanka 2003 112
transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 49, 2010 15, 2011 16
trends 2000 2003 108, 2003 109
to the United States 2003 39, 2009 21
unofficial information on 2001 158
85
value 2001 2004 101, 2004 102, 2004 104
value 2002 2005 102, 2005 103
value 2003 2006 70
to Yemen 2003 176, 2003 177
illicit transfers from
to Eritrea 2002 136
Georgia 2005 172
to the LTTE in Sri Lanka 2001 176
to Rwanda 2002 132
illicit transfers to 2003 71
imports
list of exporters 2006 70
value 2001 2004 101
value 2002 2005 106, 2005 107
value 2003 2006 75
NATO membership 2008 103
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 275
private security companies, personnel 2011 104
production
global ranking of countries 2001 15, 2001 16
licensed 2007 15, 2007 21
light weapons 2008 34
manufacturing sectors 2005 61
most important companies 2003 15
most popular small arms 2001 18
most popular small arms in South Africa 2001 21
shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71
survey of producers 2001 35, 2001 36, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 39–41
small arms per person 2008 87, 2008 88
stockpiles
civilian holdings 2002 79, 2002 80, 2002 87, 2003 65, 2007 50, 2007 63
military 2006 44, 2006 47, 2006 50
surplus weapons 2008 89, 2009 69
transferred to Afghanistan and Iraq 2008 79
transportation, licensing 2010 52, 2010 53
Dadaab refugee camp (Kenya), violence 2002 168–9
Dade County (Florida) 2004 57
Daewoo Precision Industries (South Korea) 2002 45
dahalo, Madagascar 2011 181–4
Dakar (Senegal) 2004 193, 2004 194
DALY see disability-adjusted life years
damaged weapons, military procurement 2006 9–10, 2006 12
Danao City (Philippines), craft production 2003 9, 2003 34, 2007 145
Danish Demining Group (DDG), Somaliland 2010 320
Danuvia Gepipari Rt. (Hungary) 2001 37
DAOSAAF see Voluntary Society of Supporters for the Air Force And Navy
86
Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), carjackings 2007 172
Darfur (Sudan)
conflict deaths 2005 236–7, 2005 247, 2005 252, 2005 253, 2005 258
elections 2010 294
irresponsible transfers to 2007 92
violence in South Sudan 2007 317, 2007 319–20
Darfur Peace Agreement (2006) 2007 320
Darra Adam Khel (Pakistan), illicit craft production 2003 32–3
Darra (Pakistan), craft production 2002 139, 2003 9
data
collecting 2001 60–5
conflict deaths 2005 229–59, 2005 241–8
disarmament 2003 288
human development 2003 130–1
humanitarian impacts 2002 158
legal transfers 2001 143–4
transfers 2003 98
Datasus see Unified Database of the Ministry of Health
Davao City (Philippines), young men and small arms 2006 305
Davis Industries 2004 119
Dawood Gang (Mumbai) 2010 106, 2010 107
Dayton Peace Agreement 1995 2003 286, 2005 217
DDG see Danish Demining Group
DDM see disarmament and dismantling of militias
DDR see disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration
De Beers Diamodel 2002 140
De Decker, Joe 2001 117, 2002 140
De Decker, Ronnie 2001 173
DEA (United States), weapons stockpiles 2006 41, 2006 43
deactivated guns 2004 189
deactivation, UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239
dealers
arms brokers’ services 2001 100
bartering with conflict goods 2002 140
definition 2001 98
distinction from brokers 2001 129
stockpile estimates 2001 65
death squads, policing 2004 233
death-injury ratio 2002 162
deaths see conflict deaths; firearm deaths; firearm suicides; homicides
decommissioning, Northern Ireland 2002 292–3, 2002 311, 2003 284–6
DECOSAC see Development Co-operation and Small Arms Control
Deed of Commitment for Adherence to a Total Ban on Anti-personnel Mines and for
Cooperation in Mine Action 2010 309, 2010 312, 2010 313
deep preferences, demand for small arms 2006 144–5, 2006 147, 2006 149–53
Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria (DICON)
licensed production 2002 45, 2002 46–7, 2007 18
87
survey of producers 2001 41
Defence Industries Organisation (DIO) (Iran) 2002 18, 2002 51, 2002 52, 2002 53
defence industry
Croatia 2003 44–5
Czech Republic 2003 39–41
Hungary 2003 41–2
Poland 2003 42
production 2003 37–9
Serbia and Montenegro 2003 46–7
Slovenia 2003 42–3, 2003 46
Defence Ministries (Republic of the Congo) 2003 269
defence spending, effects of small arms misuse 2003 144–5
Defence Systems Limited (United Kingdom) 2001 109
Defense civile (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256
Defense Logistics Services 2007 82
Defense Technology Corporation (United States), kinetic energy weapons 2011 81
Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) (United States) 2005 74
delinquency 2008 251–3
delivery verification (DV) certificate 2002 250, 2002 251, 2009 64, 2009 82
Dellamico, Mario 2001 188
demand for small arms
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 124–5
military 2006 8–11, 2006 141–59
national control of civilian ownership 2002 267
Papua New Guinea 2006 166, 2006 175, 2006 180
post-conflict 2005 274–5
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 257, 2007 262–9, 2007 271
South Sudan 2007 318
Uganda 2006 287–8
weapons collection programmes that fuel demand 2002 306, 2002 311
weapons reduction programmes that address demand 2002 280, 2002 304–5, 2003 313
West African armed groups 2006 247, 2006 258, 2006 259–65
Yemen 2003 169, 2003 177–86, 2003 187
young men and small arms 2006 302–10
Demetriou, Spyros 2002 298
demobilization
see also disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR)
armed groups 2006 252
Burundi 2007 221
Cambodia 2006 134–5
initiatives in the Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 263
Switzerland, transfer of military firearms to civilian ownership 2007 54
UN Programme of Action 2002 209
Demobilization and Reintegration (D&R) Commission (Afghanistan) 2009 292, 2009 294
democracy
Cambodia 2006 120–3
disarmament 2003 304–5
88
exports, control and accountability 2002 248
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 266, 2007 281, 2007 282
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (formerly Zaire)
see also Zaire
air cargo companies 2001 114
armed groups 2005 193, 2005 195
armed violence in South Sudan 2007 317
brassage 2009 233
brokers, diamond trade 2001 108–9
child mortality 2002 173
conflict
conflict goods 2002 140–1
deaths 2005 230, 2005 245–7, 2005 252, 2005 255, 2005 258
effects on Horn of Africa region 2001 262
internally displaced persons 2001 224, 2001 225, 2002 196
percentage of population killed in 2001 210
DDR and weapons reduction 2003 284, 2003 298, 2005 280, 2005 284, 2005 290, 2005
291, 2009 184, 2009 187
peace operations 2003 293
exports, to the Republic of the Congo 2003 263, 2003 270–1
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 204–5, 2002 164
firearm ownership 2007 171, 2007 172
illicit transfers from
to Rwanda 2002 132
to Sudan 2007 325
to UNITA in Angola 2001 119, 2002 132
illicit transfers to
arms embargoes against 2002 133
from the Republic of the Congo 2003 270–1
tracing weapons 2004 126
imports
human rights 2004 130
irresponsible transfers to 2007 100
value 2001 2004 109
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 276, 2006 282, 2010 288–9
MANPADS attacks on aircraft 2008 13
mortality rates 2009 222, 2009 223
non-state actors
firearms 2010 122, 2010 124
light weapons holdings 2008 32
post-conflict deaths 2005 268
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
post-conflict violence 2009 221–3
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 275
private security companies, training 2011 123
refugees in Burundi 2007 200–1, 2007 202
stockpiles 2003 81
89
young men and small arms 2006 305
demographics
accessibility thesis 2001 203–4
firearm homicides
Brazil 2007 228, 2007 233, 2007 234
United States 2001 239
urban violence 2007 167
urbanization 2007 162–3
violent young men 2006 298–300
demonstrations, policing 2004 233–5, 2004 312
Denel (South Africa) 2002 47–8, 2005 61
contracts 2010 29
licensed production 2007 11
Denmark
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
civilian ownership 2001 239, 2002 87–8, 2003 64
exports
annual value 2001 148
end-use assurances 2002 249
to Iraq 2006 74
national reporting 2002 118, 2002 120
transparency 2009 49, 2010 15, 2011 15, 2011 16
to the United States 2004 124
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 203, 2001 209, 2001 239, 2001 240
imports
ammunition 2009 17
list of exporters 2005 103, 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 69, 2006 72, 2006 73
sporting shotguns 2009 19
value 2001 2004 109
value 2002 2005 107
value 2003 2006 75
military procurement 2006 16, 2006 30
private security companies, personnel 2011 104
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2007 15
light weapons 2008 34
manufacturing sectors 2005 61
survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 57
Denver (United States), gang violence 2010 136–7
Departamento de Industrias Miltares (Mexico) 2001 27
Department for International Development (DFID) (United Kingdom), disarmament and
development 2003 154–5
derived preferences, demand for small arms 2006 144–5, 2006 147, 2006 149
Desert Storm, Operation (1990–1991), conflict deaths 2005 234–5
destination countries, black market 2002 141–2
Destruction Day 2002 281
90
destruction programmes 2002 7, 2002 279–317
Balkans 2001 177
Bolivia 2008 102
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2007 84
Cambodia 2002 296, 2006 119, 2006 123–5, 2007 65
China 2002 96
civilian holdings 2007 64–5
craft production in Burundi 2007 205
data on 2007 43
decision making 2008 98
disarmament comparison 2008 78
domestic 2008 96, 2008 98
donors 2008 105–6
effect of war on terror 2003 60–2
EU Joint Action 1998 2001 271–2
European unregistered firearms 2003 70
Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 263
impact on global stockpiles 2002 63, 2002 73–4
incentives 2008 103–6
Inter-American Convention 2001 256
internationally sponsored 2008 96–8
Kazakhstan 2008 98–9
Kosovo 2002 291
Liberia 2002 290
MANPADS 2008 80, 2008 99–102
military stockpiles 2002 85–6, 2006 39, 2006 45
Montenegro 2008 95
Mozambique 2002 294
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180
national control of civilian ownership 2002 267
NGOs 2002 243
Nicaragua 2002 292–4
norms 2003 231
origins 2008 94–6
programmes 1989–2001 2002 302
and security sector reform 2008 104–5
Sierra Leone 2002 290
Southern Africa, regional norms 2003 243–7
surplus weapons 2007 64–5, 2008 78, 2008 96–8, 2008 106–7
Cambodia 2006 119, 2006 124
UN Programme of Action 2002 225
Ukraine 2008 95
UN Programme of Action 2002 225
US military firearms 2002 85–6
weapons collection 2002 310
detainees, police executions 2004 230–2
deterrence
91
violence and crime 2004 182–6, 2004 190
Yemen 2003 179
Detroit (United States), homicide rate 2007 165
Deuba, Sher Bahadur 2003 97
developed countries
homicides and suicides using firearms 1998 2001 208–9
urbanization 2007 163
developing countries
conflict 2003 126–8
firearm-related violence 2003 126–49
homicides and suicides using firearms 1998 2001 208–9
licensed production 2002 40
production trends 2001 12
small arms as a threat to development 2001 229–34
urbanization 2007 162, 2007 163, 2007 167–8
development
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 119, 2007 125
Brazil, firearm-related deaths 2007 242, 2007 245
DDR and weapons reduction 2003 309–10, 2005 276–7, 2005 279, 2005 284, 2005 286,
2005 287
economic effects of conflict 2001 231
effects of small arms 2001 229–34, 2003 125–59
firearm-related homicides 2001 232–3
Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development (2006) 2007 127
global norms 2003 228
historical record 2003 127
security 2003 150–1
security systems 2011 2
technology 2003 20–3
urban armed violence 2007 178
urbanization 2007 163, 2007 164, 2007 167–8
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 279, 2002 280, 2002 299
development agencies
effects of small arms misuse 2003 148–9
humanitarian impacts 2002 158, 2002 159
violence in refugee camps 2002 169
Development Co-operation and Small Arms Control (DECOSAC) 2003 155
development for disarmament 2002 297–303, 2003 128
development programmes
Cambodia 2006 124
demand for small arms 2006 144
deteriorating security 2001 226
economic effects of conflict 2001 231
effects of small arms misuse 2003 148–9
EU Development Council Resolution 2001 272
monitoring 2004 251–2
opportunity costs of small arms 2001 233–4
92
security of personnel 2002 186–92
weapons collection, Mali 2002 288
West Africa 2006 248, 2006 264–5
young men and violence 2006 313–16
DFID see Department for International Development
DGFM see Dirección General de Fabricaciones Militares
Dhaka (Bangladesh)
global cities 2007 163
slums 2007 168, 2007 169
urbanization 2007 162
Dheere, Mohamed 2007 93
DIAG see Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups
dialogue and sensitization programmes, post-conflict security 2009 233, 2009 236
Diamond, Larry 2005 275–6
diamonds
Angola 2001 117–19, 2001 173, 2002 140
brokers 2001 107–9
conflict trade 2002 139–40, 2002 142
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108–9
Sierra Leone 2001 120–3, 2001 171
diaspora assistance
conflict weapons 2005 186–7, 2005 197
Kosovo 2005 215, 2005 218–19
DICON see Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria
Didinga 2007 337, 2007 338
Diemaco (Canada) 2001 27, 2002 45
licensed production 2007 18
Diemaco C7 rifle 2006 10–11
Diemaco C8 carbine 2006 10–11
differentiated use of force 2004 220–4
DINDUSMIL (Paraguay) 2002 45
Dinka 2007 334, 2007 337
DIO see Defence Industries Organisation
Dirección General de Fabricaciones Militares (DGFM) (Argentina) 2001 28, 2001 29, 2001
102, 2002 45
licensed production 2007 18
Dirección Nacional de Policía Especializada en Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes (DINAPEN)
(Ecuador) 2010 211, 2010 216
direct conflict deaths
compared to indirect deaths 2005 253, 2005 254–6, 2005 257–9
counting methods and sources 2005 233–41
definition 2005 232
global 2005 230, 2005 256–7
post-conflict zones 2005 268–9
underreporting 2005 241–8
direct offsets 2007 12
directed-energy weapons 2011 85–6
93
disability
civilians 2002 164–5
effects of small arms misuse 2003 132
indicators 2002 162
Intifada 2002 165
post-conflict 2002 165
psychological impacts 2002 166–7
disability-adjusted life years (DALY) 2002 162, 2002 165
disarmament
see also disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration; weapons reduction
Afghanistan 2009 292–9
African stockpiles 2003 81
arms control comparison 2009 160
Australia 2009 167–9
bias of DDR 2005 283–4
Brazil 2004 69–71, 2004 72, 2009 169–71
Central African Republic 2005 323–7
child soldiers 2001 230
civilians 2003 305–9, 2007 64–5, 2009 161, 2009 164–77
coercive 2003 298–300, 2009 165, 2009 167
Colombia 2006 230–3
cost-benefit analysis 2003 132–3
definition 2009 159–60
destruction comparison 2008 78
deterrents to 2003 300–1
development for 2002 297–303, 2003 128
donor governments 2003 154–5
during conflict 2009 182
effects of small arms 2005 71, 2005 72–6
Georgia 2003 203–5
Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 263
Haiti 2005 164
human development 2003 151–6
illegal armed groups 2009 299–304
Iraq 2004 49–50, 2005 72, 2005 73
Irish Republican Army 2003 72
Kosovo 2005 212–13, 2005 221, 2005 280
Mozambique 2001 64
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181, 2007 185–8
NGOs 2003 155–6
non-state actors 2009 161, 2009 180–7
norms 2003 243–7
Pacific 2004 294, 2004 295–300
Papua New Guinea 2006 182–3
peace processes 2003 277–316
postponing 2003 287–90
South Sudan 2007 318, 2007 327, 2007 330, 2007 338
94
state 2009 161, 2009 178–80
sustainable 2003 309–13
types of 2009 160–4
UN Small Arms Conference (2001), draft Programme of Action 2002 209
Venezuela, urban violence in Caracas 2007 186
weapons reduction programmes 2005 280
World Bank 2003 152
Yemen 2003 186
disarmament by command 2002 286–7, 2002 288–91
Disarmament Commission Guidelines 2009 62, 2009 63
disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR)
Aceh 2009 256–9
Afghanistan 2009 285–310
Burundi 2007 198, 2007 199, 2007 203–7, 2007 218–21
Central African Republic 2005 325–7
child soldiers 2009 197
Colombia 2006 221, 2006 230, 2006 233–4, 2006 235, 2006 263
Côte d’Ivoire 2011 219
demand for small arms 2006 144, 2006 158
disarmament programmes 2009 161, 2009 180–7
firearm violence and crime 2004 196
history of 2005 277–9
incentives 2005 280–3
Liberia 2002 288–9, 2005 30
link with weapons reduction programmes 2005 280
management of expectations 2005 284–5
measuring success 2005 284
militarization of refugee camps 2005 273
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 179
NGOs 2002 243
non-state armed groups 2010 120
norms 2003 231
Northern Ireland 2006 260
peace process 2003 277–316
Phase I 2002 287
post-conflict zones 2005 267–93
reintegration programmes 2009 254–5
Republic of the Congo 2002 300–1, 2003 258
security and development 2003 152
short and long-term gain-seeking groups 2005 198–9
shortcomings 2005 283–9
Solomon Islands 2005 283
South Sudan 2007 327, 2007 331–3, 2007 336, 2007 339
UN Programme of Action 2004 256
US Army policy 2009 186
West African armed groups 2006 259–65
disarmament and dismantling of militias (DDM), Côte d’Ivoire 2011 213, 2011 219
95
Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups (DIAG) (Afghanistan) 2009 286, 2009 291–2, 2009
299–304, 2009 306, 2009 308
disclosure requirements, brokering 2002 253
disease
conflict deaths 2005 254–5, 2005 269
displaced people 2002 169–70
prevention of 2001 216
displaced people
see also internally displaced persons; refugees
2001 2002 169, 2002 196
Burundi 2007 200–3
Cambodia 2006 133
children 2009 201–3
effects of small arms misuse 2003 136
Georgia 2003 209–10
humanitarian impacts 2002 160, 2002 167–70
indirect conflict deaths 2005 232
Uganda 2006 275, 2006 278, 2006 280–1, 2006 288, 2006 289
disposal programmes 2002 310–11
see also destruction programmes
Australia 2004 184–6
national reporting 2004 256
obsolescent and surplus weapons, 2004 update 2004 56–60
old police weapons 2004 57
Pacific 2004 277, 2004 295–300, 2004 303
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239
distribution of firearms 2001 65–8, 2002 74–83
military stockpiles 2006 37
Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 264–5, 2003 266–9
Yemen 2003 178
diversions 2004 71–2
see also theft
ammunition 2005 14, 2007 289–312, 2008 45, 2008 52
armed groups 2010 325
to armed groups in South Sudan 2007 320–1
Brazil 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11
brokering 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 163
from civilian holdings 2004 60–5, 2008 62–4
South Africa 2008 187–9
definition 2008 114–15, 2008 156–7
document abuse 2008 118
end-use assurances 2002 249, 2002 250, 2002 251
export controls 2008 126–7, 2008 132–3, 2008 143
government involvement 2008 124
in-transit 2008 123
irresponsible transfers 2007 73, 2007 74, 2007 81–6
links between legal and illicit transfers 2002 128–39
96
multilateral prevention measures 2008 160–1
national control of civilian ownership 2002 263–4
neighbouring country’s military expenditure 2007 267
paths of 2008 44, 2008 46–7
point-of-delivery 2008 123–4
from police stockpiles, South Africa 2008 193–5
post-delivery 2008 123–4
prevention 2008 142–5, 2008 160–3, 2008 173–4
from private security companies, South Africa 2008 190–3
punishment 2008 134–6
risk factors 2008 122–7
significant cases (1987–2007) 2008 120–2
from South African peacekeepers in Burundi 2007 85–6
from state stockpiles 2004 43–4, 2004 54–60
extra-security force diversion 2008 53–6
high-order 2008 56–62
illicit trafficking in Colombia 2006 222
intra-security force diversion 2008 48–53
Iraq 2004 44–50
issued stock diversion 2008 51, 2008 193–8
Kyrgyzstan 2004 314–15
low-order 2008 47–56
military collapse 2008 60–2
official conspiracies 2008 56–9
Pacific 2004 285, 2004 286–90
police stockpiles 2004 230
policy implications 2008 52–3, 2008 55–6, 2008 59–60
South Africa 2008 193–8
South America 2006 83
Venezuela 2006 87
West African armed groups 2006 259
from stores of confiscated weapons, Chile 2006 85
transfer controls 2008 127–37
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 122
transfer routes 2008 118–19
transfers to non-state actors 2007 133
transportation methods 2008 115–16
types 2008 115
Uganda, ammunition 2007 289–301
Djibouti
alleged arms embargo violations, 2001 2002 132
covert transfers to Somalia 2007 94
DDR programmes 2009 184
DMD Holding Group (Slovakia) 2003 42
DNI see Dutch-Norwegian Initiative
documentation
see also end-user certification
97
abuse of 2008 118, 2008 128–9
air cargo 2001 113–14
brokering 2004 144, 2004 146, 2004 163–4
trade 2003 100–1
transfer controls 2008 128–9
Dolisie (Republic of the Congo), government stockpiles 2003 259
domestic violence
effects of small arms misuse 2003 146
firearms access 2009 196
national control of civilian ownership 2002 265
Papua New Guinea 2006 166, 2006 170, 2006 171–2, 2006 179, 2006 180
public health approach 2008 25
risk factors 2008 260–1
weapons collection, Argentina 2002 309
Dominica
imports 2006 70
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
Dominican Republic
civilian firearms
prohibited and restricted 2011 268, 2011 270
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 277
control measures, OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
illicit transfers from, to Haiti 2005 164
private security companies
armed 2011 112, 2011 113
personnel 2011 104
production
global ranking 2000 2001 16
survey of producers 2001 25, 2001 52, 2002 57
donors
Afghan New Beginnings Programme (ANBP) 2009 294
Cambodia 2006 134–5, 2006 136
data collection 2002 158
DDR and weapons reduction 2005 276, 2005 277, 2005 284, 2005 285, 2005 286, 2005
289
disarmament and development 2003 154–5
effects of small arms misuse 2003 148–9
municipal violence prevention programmes 2007 179
Nairobi Declaration (2000) 2002 263
opportunity costs of small arms 2001 233–4
reintegration support, Aceh 2009 258–9
security sector reform 2003 153
tsunami aid 2009 271–3
urban armed violence 2007 178, 2007 181
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 281
double-licensing 2004 153, 2004 156
98
Downing Street Declaration (1993) 2007 44
dozos (traditional hunters), Côte d’Ivoire 2011 3, 2011 212
DPKO see United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations
DPTC see Scientific and Technical Department
Draeger, Christoph 2005 144
Dragunov SVD assault rifle 2002 25
Burundi 2007 204
licensed production 2007 24
Dragunov SVDS rifle, licensed production 2007 24
DRC see Democratic Republic of the Congo
drug abuse
Papua New Guinea 2006 182
used to incite violence 2001 207
drug dependency, civilian firearm users 2011 277
drug economy, Afghanistan 2009 307
drug trafficking
Brazil 2005 195, 2007 241–2, 2007 301, 2007 304–5
brokers 2001 107
Central America, OAS firearms instruments 2001 256
Chile 2006 85
Colombia 2005 161–3, 2006 217, 2006 221, 2006 222
Ecuador 2010 215
effects of small arms misuse 2003 147
globalization of organized crime 2001 221
illicit craft production, Chile 2003 29
illicit transfers, Central America 2001 188–9, 2001 256
Inter-American Convention 2001 278, 2001 279
Ireland 2007 44
Kyrgyzstan 2004 323
LTTE in Sri Lanka 2001 182
Madagascar 2011 186
Mexico 2010 140
Morocco 2005 87
Papua New Guinea 2006 182
Peru 2006 86
South America 2006 83
urban violence 2007 161
DSA (United States), licensed production 2007 18
DShK heavy machine gun 2008 21
DShK-38/46 Degtyarev heavy machine gun 2004 32, 2004 34
Du, Wang 2005 144–5
Dube, Lucky 2008 183
Dunarit-Ruse (Bulgaria) 2003 44
Dunblane (Scotland) 2002 161, 2002 270–1, 2002 283, 2009 171, 2009 174
Dupuy, Trevor 2001 80
Dutch-Norwegian Initiative (DNI) 2004 150
Duvalier, ‘Papa Doc’ and ‘Baby Doc’ 2011 231
99
Duyvendak, Yan 2005 145
DV see delivery verification
Dynamit Nobel (Germany)
ammunition production 2001 15
merger with RUAG 2002 2003 15
DynCorp 2011 125
Dziekanski, Robert 2011 91
EAC see East African Community
EADS see European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company
EAPC see Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council
EAPCCO see Eastern Africa Police Chiefs Cooperation Organisation
East African Community (EAC)
initiatives in the Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 262–5
Nairobi Declaration (2000) 2002 262
East Asia, civilian holdings, correlation to GDP 2007 57
East Asia Pacific, production 2001 44–5
East Central Europe, production 2001 30, 2001 34–6
East Germany see German Democratic Republic
East Timor 2004 240–1
armed groups 2006 253
DDR programmes 2009 184
disarmament 2003 292
gangs, girl members 2010 190
illicit capture of weapons 2008 55
imports 2002 147
military procurement 2006 22
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
post-conflict violence 2009 230
second-generation security promotion 2009 237
tracing ammunition used in 2004 126
Eastern Africa, stockpiles 2003 80, 2003 83–6
Eastern Africa Police Chiefs Cooperation Organisation (EAPCCO) 2004 253
control measures 2001 263–4, 2002 262
Eastern Equatoria (Sudan) 2007 324, 2007 325, 2007 336–9
machine gun attack 2008 12
Eastern Europe
see also central and eastern Europe
collapse of communism, surplus arms 2001 97
exports, to the Republic of the Congo 2003 263
illicit transfers from 2001 175–6
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 261
private security companies, armed 2011 114, 2011 115
violence and crime 2004 176, 2004 178, 2004 179, 2004 200
Eastern Front (Sudan) 2007 320
Eastern Slavonia, weapons collection 2002 290, 2002 311, 2003 300
Eastern Sudan Peace Agreement (2006) 2007 320
100
EBA see Egbesu Boys of Africa
EBO see Hellenic Arms Industry
Echelon, small arms caches 2006 47
ecological model, violence 2008 211, 2008 226, 2008 228, 2008 237, 2008 250–1
ECOMOG see Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) 2011 197
ammunition 2005 24
brokering 2004 150, 2004 152
Code of Conduct 2005 24
Convention on Small Arms and Light Weapons (2006) 2010 49–50, 2011 264
light weapons 2005 125
West African Moratorium 2001 258–9, 2005 125
authorized imports, 2004 update 2004 100, 2004 112–14
Liberia 2003 119
Sierra Leone 2001 172
transfers to West African armed groups 2006 247, 2006 256
UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 210
Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG)
confiscations 2001 172
DDR and weapons collection 2003 279, 2003 292, 2005 287
Liberia 2002 288–9, 2003 283
Sierra Leone 2002 289–90, 2003 307
weapons captured from 2006 255
economic and crime-related violence, post-conflict 2009 228, 2009 229–30
economic models 2007 263
economic reintegration, Aceh 2009 264–6
economy
armed groups 2006 252–3
costs of small arms violence 2003 130, 2003 132–3, 2003 135, 2004 190–2, 2004 290–6,
2006 192–3
demand for small arms 2006 143, 2006 144–5, 2006 149
disarmament 2003 294, 2003 300–1, 2003 309–10
effects of small arms on human development 2003 128–49
Georgia 2003 206–7
illicit craft production 2003 27, 2003 30
new wars 2002 174–5
prices of Kalashnikov rifles 2007 257–72
small arms as a threat to development 2001 229–34
US producers 2001 25
Yemen 2003 171–2, 2003 178
young men and small arms 2006 298–300, 2006 303–4
ECOSOC see United Nations Economic and Social Council
ECOWAS see Economic Community of West African States
Ecuador
control measures, OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
disarmament 2009 162
exports
101
annual value 2001 148
to Sudan 2004 132
gang violence 2010 93–4, 2010 214–15
prevention measures 2010 215–21
gangs 2010 209–24
disarmament 2010 221
firearms 2010 214–15
history 2010 212–14
mediation 2010 220
membership 2010 210–11
illicit transfers from 2006 83, 2006 85, 2006 222
to Colombia 2004 130, 2005 163
illicit transfers to
from Argentina 2007 29
violations of end-user certificates 2002 135
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 275
private security companies, personnel 2011 104
production
ammunition 2001 28
global ranking of countries 2001 16
survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 57, 2004 18, 2004 24
stockpiles 2004 51, 2004 52, 2004 53
civilian holdings 2001 85
surplus weapons 2008 84
EDA see European Defence Agency
EDF see Equatoria Defence Force
EDM see Electrical Discharge Machining
education
availability of small arms 2003 128
demand for small arms 2006 151–2
effects of small arms 2001 231, 2001 232–3, 2003 140–1, 2006 191
firearm homicides, Brazil 2007 233, 2007 235
impact of armed violence 2009 203–5
motivation for joining armed groups 2006 252
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 181, 2007 188
Papua New Guinea 2006 182
effects of small arms
availability 2001 4, 2001 197–241
Georgia 2003 205–10
on human development 2003 125–59
humanitarian impact 2002 6, 2002 155–93
EFPs see explosively formed projectiles
Egbesu Boys of Africa (EBA) (Nigeria) 2006 249
Egypt
brokering 2004 152
civilian firearms
102
penalties for unlawful possession 2011 282
user regulation 2011 276
control measures
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 123, 2007 125–6
Bamako Declaration (2000) (OAU) 2002 213, 2002 214
marking and tracing 2006 100–1
norms 2003 235
exports
annual value 2001 148
irresponsible transfers from 2007 94, 2007 106
to Sudan 2004 133
illicit transfers from 2007 106
to Liberia 2002 132
MANPADS 2004 89
to Rwanda 2001 206, 2002 132
to Somalia 2007 94
to Sudan 2001 171
illicit transfers to, from Libya 2001 171
imports
ammunition 2009 16, 2009 17
list of exporters 2005 105, 2006 73
military small arms and light weapons 2009 25
top importers 2004 2007 74
from the United States 2001 154
value 2003 2006 74, 2006 75
non-state actors
foreign government support for 2002 130
Islamic militants 2003 79
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 275
private security companies, public perception 2011 106
production
AK series rifles 2001 17
global ranking of countries 2001 16
illicit 2001 171
licensed production 2002 45, 2007 15, 2007 18, 2007 21, 2007 27
light weapons 2008 34
MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82, 2007 21
manufacturing sectors 2005 60
most popular small arms 2001 20
RPG-7 variants 2004 36
survey of producers 2001 38–9, 2001 52, 2002 17, 2002 19, 2002 57
unlicensed 2007 15, 2007 18, 2007 21, 2007 27
stockpiles
military 2005 86, 2005 88, 2006 57
police 2005 89
Third Biennial Meeting of States (BMS3) 2009 137
Yemen 2003 170, 2003 175
103
Eiland, General Giora 2002 165
Ejército de Liberación Nacional see National Liberation Army
El Joven Noble (The Noble Young Man) Male Responsibility Project 2010 238
El Salvador
armed violence, interventions 2008 281, 2008 291–5
Arms-free Municipalities Project (AFMP) 2008 292–5
conflict
cease-fires for national immunization days 2002 170
economic effects of 2001 231
mortality rates 2002 173
control measures
Framework Agreement for Democratic Security in Central America 2001 257
Inter-American Convention 2001 256
municipal violence prevention programmes 2007 178
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
costs of small arms violence 2006 196, 2006 197, 2006 201
DDR and weapons reduction 2005 277, 2009 184
crime reduction (Goods for Guns) 1996–1999 2002 294, 2002 295, 2002 311
peace-building 1992–1993 2002 302, 2003 280
UNDP 2001–2004 2005 90, 2005 280, 2005 292
disarmament 2009 162
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 232, 2003 138
gangs 2008 290
gun ownership 2010 112, 2010 113
membership 2010 69, 2010 106, 2010 107
reduction programmes 2009 233, 2009 239
socio-political factors 2010 230
suppression strategies 2010 246
gun culture 2005 207
homicides 2008 289–91, 2008 295, 2009 227, 2009 228
illicit transfers from
to Colombia 2004 130, 2005 162
to Mexico 2001 189
illicit transfers to, Cold War grey market 2001 169
imports 2001 157
legislation, violence reduction 2008 293
peace negotiations, disarmament 2003 282
police, post-conflict reform 2004 240
post-conflict injuries 2005 275
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 275
private security companies
firearm stockpiles 2011 113
personnel 2011 104
second-generation security promotion 2009 237
Society without Violence (Sociedad sin Violencia) 2008 292
urban armed violence 2007 171, 2007 178
104
young men and small arms 2006 297
Eldoret (Kenya) 2005 13
elections
disarmament 2003 304–5
Georgia 2003 195–6
violence 2010 265, 2011 209–10
electric firing 2003 24
electric-shock weapons, police use 2011 85, 2011 89–92
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) 2005 49
Elisco Tool (Philippines), survey of producers 2001 44
ELN see National Liberation Army (Colombia)
embargoes 2004 263–71
armed groups, West Africa 2006 258
brokering 2001 102, 2001 106, 2001 120, 2004 142, 2004 144, 2004 145
Croatia 2001 102
disarmament 2003 309
Fiji 2004 291
group resources 2005 187
human rights 2004 128, 2007 75
humanitarian approach 2002 183
Liberia 2005 168
MANPADS 2005 133–4
monitoring 2004 249–50, 2004 263–71
multilateral embargoes effective 2001 2002 132–3
norms 2003 224–5, 2003 232
private military companies 2001 110
Sierra Leone 2001 120
Somalia 2007 92, 2007 94
sub-Saharan Africa 2003 117–18
Sudan 2007 92, 2007 320
UNITA 2005 192
violations 2002 128–9, 2002 131–4
emergency, states of, policing 2004 220
Emler, Nicolas 2006 303–4
employment
see also unemployment
in the arms industry, US producers 2001 25, 2001 27
Bulgaria 2003 43
costs of small arms violence 2006 191
Croatia 2003 45
DDR programmes, West Africa 2006 261
effects of small arms misuse 2003 147
firearm homicides 2003 137, 2003 138
Hungary 2003 41
Papua New Guinea 2006 178
Poland 2003 42
Romania 2003 45
105
Russian Federation 2003 19
Serbia and Montenegro 2003 46
Sierra Leone, disarmament 2003 308
United States 2003 17
Yemen 2003 172
empowerment, young men and small arms 2006 305
Empressa Nacional Santa Barbara (ENSB) (Spain), survey of producers 2001 32
Emsdetten (Germany) 2007 51
EMV see Eszak Magyarorszagi Vegyimuvek
end producers 2001 11, 2003 12
end use, definition 2009 64
end users
definition 2009 64
MANPADS 2005 132–6
marking 2002 245
production sectors 2005 42, 2005 43
transparency 2005 111, 2006 80
end-use assurances (EUAs)
illicit transfers to West African armed groups 2006 256
measures 2002 236, 2002 248–52, 2002 271–2
supply-side humanitarianism 2002 182–3
violations of 2002 128–9
end-use monitoring
ad hoc checks 2008 163
Blue Lantern monitoring programme 2008 129, 2008 137, 2008 170
delivery verification 2008 163, 2008 174
Golden Sentry programme 2008 170
Stinger missiles 2008 144
transfer controls 2008 127, 2008 128–9, 2008 133–6
United States 2008 170
end-user certificates (EUCs) 2008 163
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 123
abuse of 2008 118, 2008 155, 2008 158–9, 2008 175–6
definition 2009 64
illicit transfers 2002 134–5
from Argentina to Croatia 2001 102
brokering 2001 27, 2004 144, 2004 163–4
to UNITA 2001 117–18, 2001 119, 2001 173
national control systems 2001 124, 2001 125–6, 2009 81–2
ways round 2001 104
end-user certification
Austria 2008 164–5, 2008 171–3
Belgium 2008 165, 2008 171–3
Brazil 2008 165, 2008 171–3
Canada 2008 165–7, 2008 171–3
China 2008 167, 2008 171–3
documentation 2008 163, 2008 172, 2008 175
106
enhancing 2008 175–6
Germany 2008 167, 2008 171–3
Italy 2008 167–8, 2008 171–3
Japan 2008 168, 2008 171–3
multilateral measures 2008 160–1
national practice 2008 164–73
national systems 2008 162–3
Sweden 2008 175
transfer controls 2008 128–9
United Kingdom 2008 169, 2008 171–3
United States 2008 169–70, 2008 171–3
enforcement
controls on brokering 2002 257
disarmament 2003 309
Great Lakes region and Horn of Africa 2002 262
engagement
armed groups 2010 94, 2010 305–26
humanitarian approach 2010 306–15
England and Wales
civilian holdings 2007 47–8
correlation between wealth and 2007 62
correlation of registered to unregistered firearms 2007 56
correlation to GDP 2007 58, 2007 59
national registration data 2007 50
firearms offences 2009 172–3
gangs
gun ownership 2010 109–10, 2010 112, 2010 113
membership 2010 106, 2010 107
homicides 2002 271
law enforcement stockpiles 2006 40
ENSB see Empressa Nacional Santa Barbara
environmental pollution, ammunition 2005 16–17, 2005 29
epidemiological surveys, conflict deaths 2005 239–40, 2005 242, 2005 245–6
epidemiology, armed violence 2008 224
Equatoria Defence Force (EDF) 2007 324, 2007 325
Erfurt school massacre (Germany) 2003 57, 2003 63, 2003 69–70
Eritrea
armed violence in South Sudan 2007 317
conflict, percentage of population killed in 2001 210
DDR programmes 2009 184
Eastern Sudan Peace Agreement (2006) 2007 320
illicit transfers from
to Somalia 2001 175, 2002 132, 2004 87–8, 2007 93–4
to Sudan 2001 174, 2007 92
illicit transfers to 2002 136
arms embargoes against 2002 132, 2002 133
imports, from Romania 2003 110
107
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 275
ERO sub-machine gun, unlicensed production 2007 25
Erskine, Lt. Gen. Emmanuel 2003 82
Eryx ATGWs 2011 32
estimation techniques, conflict deaths 2005 239–42
Estonia
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
brokering 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 158, 2004 160, 2004 161
civilian firearms
licences 2011 280, 2011 281
prohibited and restricted 2011 270
registration 2011 273
storage requirements 2011 293
transfer regulation 2011 283
use regulation 2011 286
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 277, 2011 279, 2011 280
disarmament 2009 162
EU membership 2008 103
exports, to Iraq 2006 74
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 209, 2001 233, 2001 240, 2001 241
imports 2002 86, 2002 116, 2002 147
military procurement 2006 15, 2006 30
NATO membership 2008 103
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 275
private security companies, personnel 2011 104
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2007 15
most popular small arms 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 30, 2001 34, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 48
Uzi sub-machine gun 2001 19
small arms per person 2008 87, 2008 88
stockpiles
civilian holdings 2001 85, 2003 65
military 2006 44, 2006 47
surplus weapons 2008 89
young men and small arms 2006 297
Eszak Magyarorszagi Vegyimuvek (EMV) (Hungary) 2001 37
ETA see Euskadi Ta Askatasuna
Ethiopia
conflict
percentage of population killed in 2001 210
in South Sudan 2007 317
DDR programmes 2009 184
illicit transfers from 2007 106
to Kenya 2001 175
to Somalia 2001 175, 2002 132, 2007 93–4
108
to Sudan 2007 325
to Sudanese rebels 2001 174
illicit transfers to, arms embargoes against 2002 132, 2002 133, 2004 128, 2004 130
imports 2003 110, 2003 118, 2005 104
irresponsible transfers to 2007 100
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 32
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 276
production 2001 16, 2001 52, 2002 57
stockpiles, civilian holdings 2007 60
ethnic violence
Côte d’Ivoire 2011 197–8
illicit transfers 2001 168
Papua New Guinea 2006 168
West Africa armed groups 2006 250
ethnicity
Brazil, firearm-related deaths 2007 228, 2007 231–2, 2007 244–5
Burundi 2007 199, 2007 201, 2007 202, 2007 221
gang violence in Los Angeles 2007 183
Kyrgyzstan 2004 318
policing 2004 228, 2004 236
South Sudan 2007 317, 2007 318, 2007 328, 2007 333–5
United States, firearm homicides 2001 204, 2001 239
urban violence 2007 167
EU see European Union
EU ASAC see European Union Assistance in Curbing Small Arms and Light Weapons in
Cambodia
EUAs see end-use assurances
EUCs see end-user certificates
Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) 2002 260
measures 2001 273–4
Euro-Atlantic region, measures 2001 273–6
Eurogang project 2010 129, 2010 131, 2010 137, 2010 145, 2010 232
Eurometaal (Netherlands) 2001 32, 2002 12, 2002 34
Euromissile 2004 27
Europe
see also Central and Eastern Europe; Central Europe; East Central Europe; Eastern Europe;
European Union; Western Europe
control measures, regional norms 2003 236–7
criminal victimization in 2007 169–70
gang violence 2010 136–8
gun culture 2003 66–9
illicit transfers 2001 175–80, 2005 113–16, 2006 83
from Former Yugoslavia 2003 111
insurgent demand 2001 83
insurgents and other non-state combatants 2001 79, 2001 83
non-European Union, transfers 2003 108–11
police, average number of officers 2006 42
109
production
ammunition 2005 14
by value 2001 14
by volume 2001 12
distribution of producing companies 2001 10–11, 2002 12, 2003 12, 2003 14, 2004 10,
2005 14
distribution of producing countries 2001 10–11, 2002 11, 2003 11, 2004 9
licensed and unlicensed 2007 23
major producers 2003 14
manufacturing sectors 2005 57, 2005 59
survey of producers 2001 30–8
stockpiles 2002 87–90, 2003 62–72
civilian holdings 2003 57, 2003 63–6, 2003 70–2
military 2006 51, 2006 52, 2006 53, 2006 58
mortars 2002 72
terrorism 2003 72
transfers 2003 103–11
value 2000 2003 100, 2003 101
to Yemen 2003 173–4
weapons collection programmes 2003 280–1
young men, proportion of population 2006 299
European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS) 2005 59, 2005 61
European Code of Police Ethics 2011 71
European Convention on Human Rights 2004 218
European Defence Agency (EDA)
Code of Conduct on Defence Procurement 2010 12
Defence Contracts Opportunities bulletin board 2010 12
offset deals 2007 12
European Tracking Initiative 2008 129
European Union Assistance in Curbing Small Arms and Light Weapons in Cambodia (EU
ASAC) 2002 296, 2003 310, 2006 119, 2006 123, 2006 130, 2006 134–6
European Union (EU)
Annual Report, ammunition 2010 10, 2010 12
arms embargoes 2001 2002 133
brokering, control measures 2001 127, 2004 147–8, 2004 150, 2004 152, 2004 155–7,
2004 166
Central African Republic anti-poaching initiative 2005 310
civil aviation regulations 2010 59
Code of Conduct on Arms Exports 2001 269–71, 2009 62, 2009 63, 2009 66
ammunition 2005 14, 2005 24
brokers 2001 127
exports to Nepal 2003 113
human rights 2004 125
humanitarian law 2002 182, 2002 183
influence on UN Programme of Action 2002 214
licensed production 2007 28, 2007 31
licensing criteria 2009 91, 2009 95–6
110
MANPADS 2005 131–2
re-export provision 2009 84–5
transparency 2006 66, 2006 79–80
Working Party on Conventional Arms Exports 2007 137
Common Military List 2005 102
military weapons categories 2009 67
control measures 2001 268–72
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 119
ammunition 2005 24
brokering 2001 127, 2004 147–8, 2004 150, 2004 152, 2004 155–7, 2004 166
International Tracing Instrument 2006 101, 2006 102
OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 211, 2002 212
in Southern Africa 2001 261–2
UN Programme of Action 2002 210–11, 2002 214, 2002 222–3, 2002 224
Council Common Position on the control of arms brokering 2005 24
DDR and weapons reduction 2003 292, 2005 281, 2005 287
destruction programme assistance 2008 78, 2008 94
Development Council 2001 272
embargoes 2004 128
European Weapons Directive 2011 265
export controls 2009 77, 2009 79
export licences, refusals 2011 19
exports
to peacekeeping missions 2009 37–9
reporting 2009 26, 2009 28
illicit transfers from 2001 176
irresponsible transfers to Cameroon 2007 99
Joint Action on Small Arms (1998) 2001 271–2
brokers 2001 127
influence on UN Programme of Action 2002 214
marking 2002 246
stockpile security 2002 259
light weapons 2005 125
marking and tracing 2002 247, 2006 101, 2006 102
member nations 2001 269
membership requirements 2008 103–4
monitoring, data on legal transfers 2001 144
offset deals 2007 12
Plan of Action (2000) 2002 210, 2002 214–15
production 2002 13, 2003 13
ammunition 2005 14
Programme for Preventing and Combating Illicit Trafficking in Conventional Arms (1997)
2001 261–2, 2001 269, 2002 214
regional norms 2003 236–7
Single Administrative Document (SAD) 2010 55–7
stockpiles, civilian holdings 2003 64–6
Strategy to Combat Illicit Accumulation and Trafficking of SALW and Their Ammunition
111
2010 47–9
transfers
human rights 2004 125
hunting and sporting firearms 2002 124
intra-regional 2003 101
to Latin America 2003 114, 2003 116
MANPADS 2005 131–2
trends 2000 2003 103–5
to the United States 2004 124
value 2000 2003 100, 2003 101
value 2001 2004 108
Working Party on Conventional Arms Exports (COARM), transfer controls 2007 137
Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (Basque Homeland and Freedom) (ETA)
guided light weapons holdings 2008 33
stockpiles 2002 89, 2003 72
ex-combatants
see also disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration; reintegration of former combatants
Aceh 2009 249–78
Afghanistan 2009 295–9
Burundi 2007 198, 2007 202, 2007 203–4, 2007 218–20
crime, weapons collection 2002 295–7
reintegration 2003 310
Republic of the Congo 2002 300–3, 2003 266, 2003 272
excess mortality
see also conflict deaths
definition 2005 232
Guatemala, post-conflict 2005 270
post-conflict 2005 268–9, 2009 222–3, 2009 289
‘excessive and destabilizing accumulation’, UN Programme of Action 2002 222, 2002 224
exclusion
demand for small arms 2006 143–4
fragmentation of public space 2007 178
young men and small arms 2006 295, 2006 305–6
exclusive licenses 2007 8
executions, extrajudicial 2004 230–2, 2004 236
Executive Outcomes (EO) 2001 104, 2001 109, 2001 110
expanding bullets 2005 22–3
explosively formed projectiles (EFPs), lethality 2008 12
explosives
Colombia 2006 223, 2006 225, 2006 226, 2006 231, 2006 238
Georgia 2003 203–4
International Tracing Instrument 2006 96
Palestine 2003 78
UN Firearms Protocol 2001 278
export controls
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 122–4
accountability 2002 248
112
diversion prevention 2008 126–7, 2008 132–3, 2008 143, 2008 159–60
end-use assurances 2002 248–52
end-user certification 2009 81–2
enforcement 2009 85–6
EU Code of Conduct 2001 269–71
exceptions to licensing requirements 2009 78–9
global licences 2009 79, 2009 80
global norms 2003 231
glossary of terms 2009 64
licence types 2009 79–81
license systems 2001 124, 2001 125, 2001 253, 2001 270
licensing authorities 2009 86–90
licensing criteria 2009 91–6
MANPADS 2008 61
military small arms 2009 61–97
OAS Model Regulations 2001 255
pre-licensing requirements 2009 69–78
re-export provisions 2009 82–5
‘Tracker system’ 2009 80, 2009 81
transparency 2008 136–7
types of 2009 62–5
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238–9
UN Programme of Action 2002 209, 2002 223, 2002 224–5
violations 2008 137
export licences 2006 79–80
see also Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer
brokering 2001 124, 2002 253
end-use assurances 2002 248–52
EU 2011 19
EU Code of Conduct 2001 270
government reports 2001 148–53
Inter-American Convention 2001 253
national control systems 2001 125
national reporting 2002 117–22
from Russia 2003 110
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238–9
from the United States 2003 106
exportation, urban violence 2007 162
exporters, rankings 2011 11
exporting state, definition 2009 64
exports
see also brokering; illicit transfers; Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer
ammunition
shotgun shell parts 2010 25–6
shotgun shells 2010 25–6
small-calibre 2009 14–17, 2010 23–4
to Uganda 2007 294–7
113
central and eastern Europe 2003 38–9
civilian firearms 2003 102–3
codes of conduct, supply-side humanitarianism 2002 182–3
Colombia 2006 217–21
Comtrade data 2000–2006 2009 11–25, 2009 52
customs data
1994–1998 2001 145–55
1999 2002 112–17
2000 2003 97–120
2001 2004 99–134
2002 2005 97–105
2003 2006 65–78
definitions 2009 64, 2009 65–6
European Union 2001 269–71, 2003 103–5
France, control and accountability 2002 248
global trade 2006 68–74
Hungary 2003 41
irresponsible transfers 2007 73–107
Kyrgyzstan 2004 321–2
Latin America 2003 114–17
licensed production 2002 40, 2002 42, 2002 53
MANPADS 2005 131–7
military firearms 2009 32–9
military small arms and light weapons 2009 23–5
national controls, brokering 2002 254–5
national reporting 2001 147–55, 2002 117–23, 2004 101
necessity for producers 2004 118–25
OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2001 275
Pacific 2004 277, 2004 280, 2004 282, 2004 303
permanent 2009 65
pistols and revolvers 2009 20–2, 2009 39–43
regional norms 2003 236–7
Romania 2003 45
Russia 2003 110–11
sources of 2009 68–9
South America 2003 114
sporting firearms 2009 17–20, 2009 43–7
sub-Saharan Africa 2003 117–19
Sweden 2002 248
temporary 2009 66
top exporters 2004 2007 74
transit 2009 66
Ukraine 2003 48
UN data on 2001 146–7
United Kingdom 2002 248
United States 2002 248, 2003 105–8
to the United States 2001 26–7
114
eXtended Range Electro-Muscular Projectile (XREP) 2011 85
extensive-range production 2005 45, 2005 55–7, 2005 63–4
extortion
Georgia 2003 210
Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 2006 180
extra-judicial detention, Haiti, urban political armed violence 2007 174
extra-judicial execution 2004 230–2, 2004 236
extractive industries, use of private security companies 2011 135–58
extraterritorial jurisdiction 2002 255–6, 2004 158–9, 2004 161
Ezell, Edward 2001 62
F1 automatic rifle 2006 55
FAA see Angolan Armed Forces
FAB see Forces armées burundaises
Fábrica Boliviana de Municiones (FBM) 2004 21
Fabrica de Armas Nacionales (Mexico) 2001 27, 2002 45, 2002 51
Fábrica de Armas y Municiones del Ejéricito (FAME) (Peru) 2004 25
Fabrica Militar de Armas Poratiles Domingo Mathheu (FMAP) (Argentina) 2001 29
Fábrica Militar Fray Luis Beltran (Argentina), licensed production 2007 18
Fábrica Nacional de Cartuchos e Munições (Brazil) 2001 29
Fabrica Realengo (Brazil) 2001 29
Fábricas y Maestranzas del Ejército (FAMAE) (Chile)
illicit craft production 2003 28, 2003 29
survey of producers 2001 30, 2004 22–3, 2005 57
Fabryka Broni (Poland) 2003 42
FAC see Forces armées congolaises
FACA see Forces armées centrafricaines
facilitators, NGOs 2002 243
Factory 54 (Egypt) 2002 17
FAFN see Forces Armées des Forces Nouvelles
failed cities 2007 176–8
Falcone, Pierre Joseph 2004 165, 2004 166
FAMAE see Fábricas y Maestranzas del Ejército
Famas assault rifle
estimate of total production 2001 63
most popular assault rifles 2001 18, 2001 20
producers 2002 33
FAME see Fábrica de Armas y Municiones del Ejéricito
family bonds, Yemen 2003 169
family violence, Papua New Guinea 2006 171–2, 2006 179, 2006 180
FANCI see Forces Armées Nationales de Côte d’Ivoire
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) (El Salvador) 2002 294
FARC see Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia
Farrell, Malchi 2005 149
fashion, prices and consumer taste 2002 70
Fashoda Peace Agreement (1997) 2010 278
Fatah 2002 131
115
FBI see Federal Bureau of Investigation
FBM see Fábrica Boliviana de Municiones
FDI see foreign direct investment
FDN see Force de défense nationale
fear, costs of violence 2001 217, 2001 219–20
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (United States)
stockpiles 2006 41, 2006 43
weaponry 2010 114
Federal Premium, ammunition 2011 77
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, post-conflict outcome 2009 226
Federated Niger Delta Ijaw Communities (FNDIC) (Nigeria) 2006 249
Fegarmy (FEG) (Hungary) 2001 37, 2003 41
Fegyver es Gaykeszuelekgyara (Hungary), licensed production 2007 18
Fenton, George 2011 84
Fetter, Gregory 2002 64
fights
Burundi 2007 212
South Sudan 2007 329, 2007 330–1
Fiji Islands
costs of firearm misuse 2004 290–2
gun ownership laws 2004 283, 2004 302, 2004 303
imports 2004 281
rebellion 2000 2001 184
stockpiles 2003 88, 2003 89, 2004 284
leakage 2004 55, 2004 287, 2004 288
FIM-43 Redeye 2004 80, 2004 82, 2004 84
FIM-92 Stinger MANPAD 2002 116, 2003 76, 2004 82, 2004 83, 2004 84, 2004 88
financing
effects of small arms misuse 2003 144–5
illicit brokering 2004 144
Fine Mechanics Plant State Enterprise (Ukraine) 2003 49
Finland
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
civilian firearms
carrying in public 2011 293
licences 2011 280
prohibited and restricted 2011 270
regulation 2011 266
transfer regulation 2011 283
use regulation 2011 284, 2011 286
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 277
control measures, brokering 2004 156, 2004 158, 2004 159, 2004 161
disarmament 2009 162
export controls 2009 67
exceptions 2009 78
licensing authorities 2009 89
licensing systems 2009 71, 2009 73
116
transfer criteria 2009 91, 2009 93, 2009 95
exports
ammunition 2009 15
annual value 2001 148
average annual value 2001 147
to China 2004 129
human rights 2004 129, 2004 132
irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 2007 99, 2007 105
list of importers 2005 108, 2006 75, 2006 77, 2006 78
military firearms 2009 36
national reporting 2001 150, 2002 118, 2002 120
to Russia 2004 132
share of total arms exports 2001 144
sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 46
sporting rifles 2002 114
transparency 2004 117, 2004 126, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 49, 2010 15,
2011 16
to the United States 2004 124
value 2001 2004 104
value 2002 2005 103
value 2003 2006 70
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 209, 2001 239, 2001 240
imports
list of exporters 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 73
value 2001 2004 109
value 2002 2005 107
value 2003 2006 76
mass shootings 2011 266
military procurement 2006 13
private security companies, personnel 2011 104
production
AK series rifles 2001 17
global ranking of countries 2001 16
light weapons 2008 34
manufacturing sectors 2005 61
most important companies 2003 15
most popular small arms 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 57
small arms per person 2008 87, 2008 88
stockpiles
civilian holdings 2001 239, 2003 64, 2007 47–8
correlation of registered to unregistered firearms 2007 56
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
military 2004 46, 2005 77, 2006 44, 2006 51, 2006 53
stolen firearms 2004 63
surplus weapons 2008 89, 2009 69
transfers 2000 2003 103
117
transportation
customs regulations 2010 57
licensing 2010 53
Fiocchi Munizioni (Italy), licensed production 2007 18
fire fighters, firearms stockpiles, Bulgaria 2006 40
fire-and-forget missiles 2004 79
firearm deaths
see also firearm homicides; firearm suicides; homicides
Brazil 2007 227–8, 2007 230–42, 2007 251
Central African Republic 2005 321
children and youth 2009 195–8
humanitarian impacts 2002 155, 2002 156–67
humanitarian personnel 2002 186–8
injury to killed ratio 2002 161
Kyrgyzstan 2004 315–17
non-conflict 2004 174–204
post-conflict 2002 163, 2002 164, 2005 268–9
regional rates 2008 218–19
South Africa 2008 183, 2008 188, 2008 195
United Kingdom 2009 172–4
United States 2008 281–2
urban–rural differences 2008 257
firearm homicides 2008 219, 2008 280
see also firearm deaths; firearm suicides; homicides
accessibility thesis 2001 202, 2004 182–6
accounting for the cost of gun violence 2003 132–3
Australia 2009 168–9
correlation to city size 2007 167
Brazil 2001 222, 2006 296, 2007 230–42, 2007 251, 2009 170–1
correlation to city size 2007 165–6
Burundi 2007 212
Cambodia 2006 127–33
Canada
correlation to city size 2007 165
cost effectiveness of control measures 2006 197–8
Central America 2001 232
China 2005 82
civilian ownership 1999 2001 203, 2001 239
Colombia 2006 215, 2006 216–17, 2006 227–30, 2006 231, 2006 236–41, 2008 292
correlation to city size 2007 165–7
costs of small arms violence 2003 134–5, 2006 189–211
demand for small arms 2006 141, 2006 142–3
development 2001 232–3, 2003 126
effect of conflict 2001 211
effects of small arms availability 2001 201–2, 2001 208–9, 2001 240
effects of small arms misuse 2003 131, 2003 132
El Salvador 2008 288–91, 2008 295
118
England and Wales 2002 271
Europe 2003 63
Guatemala 2005 270
urban armed violence 2007 170–1
Haiti 2007 174
Honduras 2002 166, 2002 195
humanitarian impacts of small arms 2002 156–7
indicators 2002 159
Iraq 2002–2006 2007 82
Japan 2005 80
Latin America, and unemployment 2003 138
link to poverty 2003 157
Nicaragua 2002 166, 2002 195
Pakistan, urban political armed violence in Karachi 2007 175
Papua New Guinea 2006 171
poverty 2003 137, 2003 138
prices of weapons 2007 258, 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 265, 2007 281
risk to development workers 2003 149
Sierra Leone 2002 160
social determinants, Brazil 2007 233–8, 2007 251
South Africa 2009 176–7
Switzerland 2007 54
Uganda 2003 134–5
United States 2008 281–2
Boston 2007 181
compared to non-firearm homicides 2007 166
demographics 2001 239
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181, 2007 184
New York 2007 184
urban armed violence 2007 170–1
correlation to city size 2007 165–7
political 2007 175
Yemen 2007 45
young men and small arms 2006 295, 2006 297, 2006 311
firearm injuries
see also firearm deaths; firearm homicides
Burundi 2007 212–14
Canada, cost effectiveness of control measures 2006 197–8
Central African Republic 2005 321
child soldiers 2001 230
conflicts 2002 160–7
costs of small arms violence 2003 132–3, 2003 134–5, 2004 191, 2006 189–211
effects on human development 2003 129, 2003 131, 2003 132
firearm injury to killed ratio 2002 161
Geneva Conventions 2002 179
Honduras 2002 166, 2002 195
indirect effects of small arms 2001 214–18
119
Kyrgyzstan 2004 315, 2004 317
M16 bullets 2002 165
Nicaragua 2002 166, 2002 195
Papua New Guinea 2006 170–1, 2006 172
post-conflict 2002 163, 2002 164, 2005 271–2
psychological impacts 2002 166–7
rubber bullets 2004 222–3
Sierra Leone 2002 160
treatment of 2002 166
trends 2002 162
victims 2002 163–6
firearm suicides 2001 208–9, 2001 240, 2008 219
see also firearm deaths; firearm homicides
2004 update 2004 174–80, 2004 199–202
accessibility thesis 2001 202, 2004 182–6
Africa 2004 192–3
Brazil 2007 228, 2007 230, 2007 242–6, 2007 252
Colombia 2006 228
costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 2006 199–200
effect of conflict 2001 211
estimates of civilian holdings 2007 54
global 2002 156–7, 2002 160
means 2004 187
Pacific 2004 295
safe storage of civilian weapons 2002 266
substitution effect 2004 186–90
Switzerland 2007 54
firearms
civilian possession 2011 261–96
definitions 2009 8–9
police weapons 2011 74–80
private security companies 2011 111–26
theft and loss, South Africa 2009 176
transfers, reporting 2009 26–8, 2009 52–3
Firearms Commerce in the United States (ATF) 2004 12
Firearms Manufacturing and Export Report (ATF) 2004 12
firepower, weapons availability 2005 182–5
Firm, the (South Africa) 2010 164
first aid, lethality 2001 212
First World War, European civilian holdings 2007 52
FIS see Forces d’intervention spéciales; Front Islamique de Salut
Fish and Wildlife (United States), weapons stockpiles 2006 41, 2006 43
Fisher, Ian 2004 46
Fitzpatrick, Christopher 2006 143
flags of convenience 2001 115, 2004 146
Flame of Peace (Mali) 2002 288
Flanders (Belgium), exports 2006 69
120
FLB see Fray Luis Beltran
‘fleeing felon’ 2004 218–19
Fleishman, Jeffrey 2004 44
FLGO see Front for the Liberation of the Great West
Florida (United States)
civilian firearms
licences 2011 282
prohibited and restricted 2011 272
registration 2011 274
storage requirements 2011 292
transfer regulation 2011 284
FMAP see Fabrica Militar de Armas Poratiles Domingo Mathheu
FMK3 sub-machine gun 2001 29
FMK5 rifle 2001 29
FMLN see Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front; Frente Farabundo Marti para la
Liberación Nacional
FN see Forces Nouvelles
FN 303 less-lethal launcher 2011 85, 2011 88, 2011 92
FN Browning Series, most popular handguns 2001 20, 2001 29
FN FAL assault rifle
Brazil 2007 309
Burundi 2007 204
exports, to Nepal 2003 113
illicit transfers to Colombia 2006 222
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 283
military procurement 2006 11, 2006 12, 2006 87
production
global production estimates 2001 63, 2006 55
licensed 2007 18
Brazil 2001 29, 2004 22
Chile 2001 30
South Africa 2002 48
in sub-Saharan Africa 2002 43, 2002 46
worldwide 2002 45
most popular assault rifles 2001 18, 2001 20
most popular military weapons 2004 28, 2004 34
RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 173
used in violence in Africa 2004 195
Venezuela 2006 12, 2006 87
Yemen 2003 174
FN Herstal (Belgium)
ammunition seized by Brazilian security forces 2007 305
assault rifles 2004 28, 2004 29, 2011 76–7
most popular 2001 20
company profile 2000 2002 31
exports to Nepal 2003 113
financial indicators 2000 2002 21
121
handguns, most popular 2001 18, 2001 20
illicit weapons seized in Brazil 2001 23
machine guns 2004 31
Minimi (M249) 2003 22
most popular 2001 19, 2001 20
major producers by weapon type 2004 27
manufacturing sectors 2005 57
production
ammunition 2001 15, 2005 13
licensed 2001 12, 2002 41, 2007 16, 2007 18
Argentina 2001 29
in sub-Saharan Africa 2002 43–8
worldwide 2002 45
safety features 2011 79
subsidiary in Brazil 2004 22
survey of producers 2001 31, 2003 15, 2004 11
Uzi sub-machine gun 2001 19
FN MAG light machine gun 2004 31
Burundi 2007 204
most popular machine guns 2001 19, 2001 20, 2004 34
production
Brazil 2004 22
licensed 2002 45, 2002 48
technological developments 2003 23
FN Manufacturing (United States) 2001 31
company profile 2000 2002 29
financial indicators 1998–2000 2002 28
M-16 series assault rifle 2001 13
production, licensed 2002 45
FNC assault rifle, licensed production 2007 18
FNDIC see Federated Niger Delta Ijaw Communities
FNL-Icanzo see Front national de libération Icanzo
food, effects of small arms misuse 2003 136, 2003 142–3
Force de défense nationale (FDN) (Burundi) 2007 203, 2007 207
Force Républicaine de Sécurité (FRS) (Madagascar) 2011 170, 2011 172
Force spéciale de défense des institutions républicaines (FORSDIR) (CAR) 2005 307, 2005
309
Forces armées burundaises (FAB) (Burundi) 2007 203, 2007 206, 2007 207
Forces armées centrafricaines (FACA) (CAR) 2005 304, 2005 311, 2005 312, 2005 315
Forces armées congolaises (FAC) 2003 256, 2005 304, 2005 317–18, 2005 324
Forces Armées des Forces Nouvelles (FAFN) (Côte d’Ivoire) 2011 202, 2011 204, 2011
217–18, 2011 219
Forces Armées d’Haïti (FADH) 2005 163–4
Forces Armées Nationales de Côte d’Ivoire (FANCI) 2011 196, 2011 202, 2011 204, 2011 220
Forces d’intervention spéciales (FIS) (Special Intervention Forces) (Madagascar) 2011 172
Forces Nouvelles (Côte d’Ivoire) 2011 193, 2011 196, 2011 202–4, 2011 211, 2011 219
firearms 2010 122
122
Forecast International 2001 12–14, 2001 15
foreign direct investment (FDI), effects of small arms misuse 2003 144, 2003 145
foreign intermediate parties, definition 2009 64
Forjas Taurus (Brazil)
company profile 2000 2002 32
exports 2004 123
transparency 2007 95–7
financial indicators 2000 2002 21
strategic alliance with FAMAE of Chile 2001 30
survey of producers 2001 29, 2001 30, 2004 11, 2004 22, 2004 23
former combatants see ex-combatants
Former Republic of Yugoslavia see Yugoslavia, Former Republic of
Former Soviet Republics (FSRs), survey of producers 2003 47–9
Former Uganda National Army (FUNA) 2006 282
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia see Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of
FORSDIR see Force spéciale de défense des institutions républicaines
Fort see State Specialized Scientific Association
Fort Association (Kazakhstan) 2005 56
Fortna, Virginia 2009 224
Fowler Report see United Nations (UN), Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council
Sanctions against UNITA
fragile cities 2007 176–8
fragile states, post-conflict 2009 231
fragmentation, production 2003 10
fragmenting munitions
death and injury rates post-conflict 2002 163
lethality 2001 212
M16 2002 165
Framework Agreement for Democratic Security in Central America (SICA) 2001 257
Framework Convention on International Arms Transfers 2002 182, 2003 225, 2004 133, 2007
128–9
France
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
arms industry 2009 68
brokering 2001 125, 2001 126, 2002 256, 2004 154, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 160, 2004
161, 2004 165
Central African Republic 2005 313–15
control measures
brokering 2001 125, 2001 126, 2002 256, 2004 154, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 160,
2004 161, 2004 165
MANPADS 2004 93
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 184
tracing initiatives 2006 96, 2006 97
UN Programme of Action, marking and tracing 2002 226
Côte d’Ivoire involvement 2011 196–7
destruction programmes 2004 58, 2008 97
disarmament 2009 162, 2009 179
123
export controls
enforcement 2009 86
licensing authorities 2009 89
licensing systems 2009 71, 2009 74
pre-licensing requirements 2009 76
re-export provisions 2009 83
transfer criteria 2009 93, 2009 95
exports
to Africa 2003 118
ammunition 2009 15
annual value 2001 148
classification of 2004 107
to Colombia 2006 236
Comtrade data 2009 12
control and accountability 2002 248
human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132
irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 2007 99, 2007 100, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007
103, 2007 105, 2007 106
list of importers 2005 106, 2005 108, 2006 75, 2006 76, 2006 77, 2006 78
military firearms 2009 36
military small arms and light weapons 2009 23
muzzle-loading firearms 2002 114
national reporting 2002 118–19, 2002 120, 2002 122, 2003 98
to Rwanda 2001 207
shotgun shell parts 2010 26, 2010 27
shotgun shells 2010 25
transparency 2004 4, 2004 116, 2004 117, 2005 111, 2005 112, 2005 113, 2006 79,
2006 81, 2007 74, 2007 87, 2007 88, 2009 49, 2010 15, 2011 16
to the United States 2004 124
value 2000 2003 103
value 2001 2004 104, 2004 110
value 2002 2005 103
value 2003 2006 70
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 203, 2001 209, 2001 239, 2001 240
French–Belgian initiative on air transport control 2010 46–7, 2010 48–9, 2010 62
illicit transfers from
to China 2002 133
to Ethiopia 2002 132, 2002 133
to Former Yugoslavia 2002 133
imports
ammunition 2009 16, 2009 17
Comtrade data 2009 8, 2009 12
customs data 2002 126
list of exporters 2005 102, 2005 103, 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 68, 2006 70, 2006 71,
2006 72
pistols and revolvers 2009 22, 2009 40
shotgun shell parts 2010 26
124
shotgun shells 2010 25
sporting shotguns 2009 19
top importers 2004 2007 74
value 2000 2003 103
value 2002 2005 107
value 2003 2006 76
Madagascar involvement 2011 171–3
military procurement 2006 11, 2006 13, 2006 23, 2006 27, 2006 29
police weapons 2010 114, 2011 72
policing 2004 218, 2004 225
crowd control 2011 87–8
private military companies 2001 109
private security companies 2011 103
personnel 2011 104
production
global ranking of countries 2001 15, 2001 16
licensed 2002 51, 2007 15, 2007 21, 2007 29
light weapons 2008 34
MANPADS 2004 82, 2007 21
manufacturing sectors 2005 57, 2005 61
most important companies 2002 20, 2002 21, 2003 15
most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 20
shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71
survey of producers 2001 31–2, 2001 52, 2002 32–3, 2002 57
stockpiles
civilian holdings 2003 64, 2003 69–70, 2005 80, 2007 47–8
correlation of registered to unregistered firearms 2007 56
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
data on private legal firearms 2001 84
firearm homicides 1999 2001 239
private illegal firearms 2001 87
distribution of firearms 2001 67
Gendarmerie 2001 71–2
MANPADS 2004 84
military 2006 45, 2006 56, 2006 57, 2007 65
transportation
licensing 2010 53
safety and security measures 2010 53–4
Fray Luis Beltran (FLB) (Argentina) 2001 29, 2004 19–20
Free Aceh Movement see Gerakan Aceh Merdeka
‘freedom fighters’
symbolism 2001 205
transfers to non-state actors 2007 133
freight forwarders 2010 43
French Polynesia
civilian holdings 2004 283
control measures 2004 302
125
imports 2004 281, 2004 282
stockpiles 2003 89
French–Belgian initiative, air transport control 2010 46–7, 2010 48, 2010 62
Frente de Libertacão de Moçambique (FRELIMO), stockpiles 2001 64
Frente Farabundo Marti para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN) (El Salvador), humanitarian
commitments 2010 310
Frente Patriótico Manuel Rodríguez (Chile) 2003 28
Frey, Barbara 2007 127
Fritz Werner (Germany)
company profile 2000 2002 34
licensed production 2002 41
Iran 2002 52
Nigeria 2002 46
Saudi Arabia 2002 52
Turkey 2002 51
FROLINA see Front pour la libération nationale
Front Islamique de Salut (FIS) (Algeria) 2001 171
Front for the Liberation of the Great West (FLGO) (Côte d’Ivoire) 2006 249
Front national de libération Icanzo (FNL-Icanzo) (Burundi) 2007 203
Front pour la libération nationale (FROLINA) (Burundi) 2007 203
Front for the Security of the Centre-West (FSCO) (Côte d’Ivoire) 2006 249
Front uni national pour un Cambodge indépendant, neutre, pacifique et coopératif
(FUNCINPEC) 2006 120–1, 2006 122–3
FRS see Force Républicaine de Sécurité
FRY see Yugoslavia, Former Republic of
FSCO see Front for the Security of the Centre-West
FSRs see Former Soviet Republics
Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) 2006 216–17
acquisition networks 2005 162–3, 2005 187
ammunition, diverted from Peru 2008 52
armed violence 2010 85
civilian casualties 2006 224, 2006 226
command and control 2006 221
conflict goods 2002 140, 2002 142
diversion of weapons from Peru 2008 113, 2008 120
illicit transfers to 2006 85, 2006 222
from the European Union 2004 108
from Peru 2001 187–8, 2003 116
from United States 2003 117
light weapons holdings 2008 15, 2008 32
links with Irish Republican Army 2003 285
MANPADS 2004 88
production 2005 161–3
craft production 2004 24, 2005 47, 2006 223
mortars 2002 72
recruitment of women 2002 171
repair of weapons 2005 47
126
shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71
stockpiles 2001 80, 2002 82–3, 2003 87, 2006 221
Fujimori, Alberto 2001 187, 2003 116, 2005 163, 2008 113, 2008 123
full-metal jacket (FMJ) 2005 22, 2005 23
FUNA see Former Uganda National Army
FUNCINPEC see Front uni national pour un Cambodge indépendant, neutre, pacifique et
coopératif
Fund for Peace, The, Model Convention on arms brokering 2002 257–8
funding, disarmament 2003 304, 2003 306–8
Fuzileiros Navais (Brazilian Marines), possible ammunition diversions from 2007 309
FX05 Xihuacóatl assault rifle 2007 26
FYROM see Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of
G3 assault rifle
destruction of surplus weapons 2004 60
licensed production 2002 48–51, 2007 8
exports 2002 53
Iran 2002 18, 2002 52
Saudi Arabia 2002 18
Turkey 2001 40, 2002 50
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 283
most popular assault rifles 2001 18, 2001 20
most popular military weapons 2004 28, 2004 29
production
Colombia 2004 23
estimate of total production 2001 63, 2006 55
Mexico 2004 25
RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 173
G3A3 rifle, serial numbers 2009 116
G3A7 assault rifle 2002 20
G4S (Group 4 Securicor) 2011 103, 2011 125, 2011 148
in India 2011 112, 2011 114
G8, MANPADS 2005 129, 2005 133
G11 rifle (HK) 2002 48–9
G36 assault rifle 2001 63, 2002 38
licensed production 2007 12, 2007 26
use in Georgia 2009 111
Gabon
illicit transfers to the Republic of the Congo 2003 262, 2003 263
military procurement 2006 18
Gaborone (Botswana), carjackings 2007 172
Gali (Georgia) 2003 209–10
Galil assault rifle
Colombia 2005 161, 2006 218, 2006 221, 2006 222
exports 2002 123, 2003 112
Israeli stockpiles 2003 77
militia holdings in the Republic of the Congo 2003 267
127
production 2002 35
estimate of total production 2001 63
licensed 2007 11, 2007 27
most popular assault rifles 2001 18, 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 39, 2004 23
unlicensed 2007 11, 2007 25, 2007 27
Gallagher, Tom 2001 201
GAM see Gerakan Aceh Merdeka
Gambia, The
armed groups 2006 249, 2006 255
illicit transfers from, to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 171, 2002 132
imports 2004 113
Gamsakhurdia, Zviad 2003 195–6, 2003 200
Ganda Koye Patriotic Movement (MPGK) 2005 165–7
Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) programme 2010 237–8
gang violence
Africa and Asia-Pacific 2010 142–4
community action against 2008 234, 2008 235–6
definitions 2010 131
direct and indirect consequences 2010 132
drug-related 2010 140, 2010 215
Ecuador 2010 93–4, 2010 214–15
El Salvador 2008 290
Europe 2010 136–8
explanations for 2010 146–9
firearms use 2010 69, 2010 89–90, 2010 214–15
fragmentation of public space 2007 176
girls as perpetrators 2010 193–7, 2010 199–201
girls as victims 2010 197–8
global characteristics 2010 129–30, 2010 144–5, 2010 149
impact on children 2009 211
Latin America and the Caribbean 2010 138–42
levels of violence 2010 145
location 2010 145
motives 2010 145
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 182
prevention programmes 2010 93–4, 2010 209, 2010 216–24
risk factors 2008 261–2, 2008 270
sexual assault 2010 198–9
United States 2008 225–6, 2008 234, 2008 286
United States and Canada 2010 132–6
urban areas 2007 170–1, 2007 180, 2007 183
victims 2010 69, 2010 145
weaponry 2010 144–5
gangs
see also armed groups; gang violence; prison gangs
Burundi 2007 212
128
Colombia 2006 217
criminal activities 2010 90, 2010 214–15
cultures of 2010 231
definitions 2010 86, 2010 105, 2010 130–1, 2010 186, 2010 211–12, 2010 231
demand for small arms 2006 143, 2006 145, 2006 146–8, 2006 152
disarmament 2010 221
Ecuador 2010 209–24
effects of small arms misuse 2003 146
family treatment strategies 2010 242
girl members 2010 91–2, 2010 185–203, 2010 231
ethnicity 2010 192–3
programming 2010 202
reasons for joining 2010 191–3
roles 2010 189–91
sexual stereotypes 2010 189
victimization 2010 198–9
violence by 2010 193–7, 2010 199–201
weapons 2010 196–7
graffiti 2010 69, 2010 147, 2010 217
gun ownership 2010 69, 2010 89, 2010 101–5, 2010 109–16, 2010 144–5, 2010 214–15
humanitarian engagement 2010 308
initiation rituals 2010 69, 2010 198
interventions 2010 92–4, 2010 229–49
Los Angeles (United States) 2007 183
membership 2010 105–8
policing, broken-window strategy 2007 184
post-conflict societies 2009 232
reduction programmes 2009 233, 2009 239
prevention strategies 2010 230
environment-oriented 2010 238–40
youth-oriented 2010 234–8
reasons for joining 2010 191, 2010 216
rehabilitation 2010 69, 2010 93–4, 2010 216–23
socio-political factors 2010 230–1
supression strategies 2010 230, 2010 244–8
tattoos 2010 69, 2010 241
treatment strategies 2010 230
environment-oriented 2010 244
youth-oriented 2010 240–2
young men and small arms 2006 298, 2006 303, 2006 309–10, 2006 311–16
youth groups 2010 231–3
Garang, John 2007 319, 2007 321, 2007 322, 2010 278, 2010 279
Gardiens de la paix (Peace Guardians) (Burundi) 2007 202, 2007 206–7, 2007 218
Garissa (Kenya), disarmament 2003 312
Gartner, Rosemary 2002 263
Gary (Indiana, United States), homicide rate 2007 165
gated communities
129
São Paulo, Brazil 2007 167
urban violence 2007 162
violence of urbanization 2007 176–8
Gatkek, Wutnyang 2007 334
GATT see General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
Gatwitch, Simon 2007 334
Gaza
non-state actors
foreign government support for 2002 130
illicit transfers to 2002 131
non-state armed groups, firearms 2010 122
Palestinian craft production 2002 17
stockpiles
insurgent weapons 2002 90–4
Israeli 2003 77, 2003 78
Gbagbo, Laurent 2011 193, 2011 196, 2011 198, 2011 199, 2011 219, 2011 220
GCP see Georgian Communist Party
GDP see gross domestic product
GDR see German Democratic Republic
gendarmeries, stockpiles 2006 40, 2006 42, 2006 43
gender
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 119, 2007 125
armed young men 2006 295–317
Bougainville conflict 2004 295
child soldiers 2001 229
effects of gun violence 2001 213, 2003 147–8
firearm homicides, United States 2001 204, 2001 239
firearm-related deaths, Brazil 2007 228, 2007 231, 2007 243–4, 2007 245, 2007 246
firearm-related violence, South Sudan 2007 329
gun culture 2005 211
Kyrgyzstan 2004 317
policing 2004 227, 2004 235
victimization 2004 178, 2004 179, 2004 183–4, 2004 194
Colombia 2006 228, 2006 239
violence
Côte d’Ivoire 2011 209
Haiti 2011 241
violence risk 2008 252–3, 2008 258–9, 2009 196, 2009 197
refugees 2009 202
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), offset deals 2007 12
General Dynamics (United States)
acquisitions 2001 2002 12
MANPADS 2004 82
manucfaturing sectors 2005 59
most important companies 2003 15, 2004 27
ownership of Santa Barbara Sistemas 2002 37, 2002 38, 2004 7
general-purpose machine guns (GPMGs) 2004 31
130
as light weapons 2008 10
Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 268
technological developments 2003 23, 2003 24
Geneva Call 2009 182
anti-personnel mine ban 2010 309, 2010 312, 2010 313
Geneva Conventions 2002 179
and armed groups 2010 306, 2010 307
children’s rights 2009 208, 2009 209
new humanitarianism 2002 184
new wars 2002 174, 2002 181
Protocols 1977 2002 179
supply-side controls 2001 223
supply-side humanitarianism 2002 182
Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development (2006) 2007 117, 2007 127, 2007
178, 2008 275
Geneva Process 2004 259, 2004 262–3, 2009 137
genocide
complicity in 2007 131
international humanitarian law and enforcement 2002 180
Rwanda, accessibility thesis 2001 206–7
supply-side humanitarianism 2002 182
transfer controls 2007 132
transfers to non-state actors 2007 134
trigger effect 2001 204–5
Georgia 2003 191–211
conflict, arms sourcing 2005 169, 2005 171–2
DDR and weapons reduction 2003 192, 2003 281, 2005 292
exports
human rights 2004 130, 2004 132
irresponsible transfers to Uganda 2007 107
military small arms and light weapons 2009 23, 2009 24
gun culture 2005 213–14
illicit transfers 2009 111
illicit transfers through
to Chechnya 2001 179–80, 2004 132
to Eritrea 2002 136
imports
grenade launchers 2011 26
mortars 2011 25
from the United States 2003 107
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 276
production 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 48
light weapons 2008 34
stockpiles 2004 54
weapons availability 2005 184
young men and small arms 2006 297
Georgian Communist Party (GCP) 2003 192
131
Georgian National Guard 2003 193–4, 2003 195, 2003 196, 2003 197
Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) 2006 253
autonomy demands 2009 252, 2009 253
DDR and weapons reduction 2005 291
demobilization 2009 249
human rights violations 2007 76, 2007 78
insurgent firearms 2002 98
reintegration 2009 260–8
weapons collection and destruction 2009 256
German Democratic Republic (GDR) (East Germany)
ammunition
exports to Uganda 2007 293
stockpiles 2008 91, 2008 93, 2008 94
military stockpiles 2001 74–5, 2001 76, 2006 43, 2006 44, 2006 46, 2006 53
small arms per person 2008 87, 2008 88
surplus weapons 2008 89
Germany
see also German Democratic Republic; Germany, Federal Republic
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
brokering
controls 2002 255, 2002 256, 2004 150, 2004 157, 2004 159, 2004 160, 2004 161
licensing of 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 156
civilian firearms, regulation 2011 266
control measures
brokering 2002 255, 2002 256, 2004 150, 2004 157, 2004 159, 2004 160, 2004 161
civilian holdings 2007 51
licensed production 2007 27, 2007 28, 2007 30
MANPADS 2005 130–6
national control of civilian ownership 2002 264
destruction programmes 2002 74, 2004 58, 2004 60, 2008 96, 2008 97, 2008 98
disarmament 2009 162, 2009 179
end-user certification 2008 167, 2008 171–3
export controls
exceptions 2009 78
licensing authorities 2009 89
licensing systems 2009 71, 2009 74
re-export provisions 2009 83
transfer criteria 2009 93, 2009 95, 2009 96
exports
to Africa 2003 118
ammunition 2006 67, 2009 14, 2009 15
annual value 2001 148
classification of 2004 107, 2004 108
codes of conduct 2002 183
Comtrade data 2009 8, 2009 12
government data 2001 150
human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132, 2004 133
132
irresponsible transfers from 2007 99, 2007 100, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007 103, 2007
104, 2007 105, 2007 106, 2007 107
list of importers 2005 106, 2005 107, 2005 108, 2005 109, 2006 75, 2006 76, 2006 77,
2006 78
military firearms 2002 115, 2002 116, 2009 34, 2009 39
military small arms and light weapons 2009 23, 2009 24
muzzle-loading firearms 2002 114
national reporting 2002 119, 2002 120, 2002 124–5
pistols and revolvers 2001 146, 2001 147, 2002 114, 2009 20, 2009 21, 2009 41
producer dependence on 2004 123, 2004 125
shotgun shell parts 2010 26
shotgun shells 2010 25
shotguns 2002 114
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 24
sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 18, 2009 45
sporting rifles 2002 114
top exporters 2004 2007 74
transparency 2003 98, 2004 4, 2004 116, 2004 117, 2005 112, 2005 113, 2006 80,
2006 81, 2007 74, 2007 87, 2007 88, 2009 8, 2009 49, 2010 8, 2010 13, 2010 15,
2011 15, 2011 16
to the United States 2004 124, 2009 21
value 2000 2003 103, 2003 104
value 2001 2004 100, 2004 101, 2004 104
value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 100, 2005 102, 2005 103
value 2003 2006 65, 2006 68, 2006 70
West African Moratorium 2001 260
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 209, 2001 240
and civilian ownership 2001 203, 2001 239, 2004 53
human development indicators 2001 233, 2001 241
gun crime 2007 51
illicit transfers from, to Bosnia and Herzegovina 2002 133
illicit transfers to
border seizures 2005 115, 2005 116
smuggled guns 2003 71
imports
ammunition 2006 67, 2009 16
Brazil 2004 123
Comtrade data 2001 156, 2009 8, 2009 12
customs data 2002 126
list of exporters 2005 102, 2005 103, 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 68–73
pistols and revolvers 2002 114, 2009 22
from Russia 2003 111
shotgun shell parts 2010 26
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 24
sporting shotguns 2009 19
top importers 2004 2007 74
from the United States 2001 154, 2003 106, 2004 120
133
value 1994–1998 2001 157
value 2000 2003 103
value 2001 2004 100, 2004 108, 2004 110
value 2002 2005 107
value 2003 2006 65
mass shootings 2011 266
policing 2004 236–7
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 276
private security companies 2001 220
armed 2011 112
personnel 2011 104
production
export to the United States 1991–1996 2001 27
global ranking of countries 2001 15, 2001 16
licensed
control measures 2007 27, 2007 28, 2007 30
licenses granted by 2007 29
MANPADS 2007 21
technology acquirers 2007 15
technology owners 2007 15, 2007 16, 2007 17
light weapons 2008 34
MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82, 2007 21
manufacturing sectors 2005 46, 2005 54, 2005 56, 2005 59, 2005 61
most important companies 2002 20, 2002 21, 2003 15
most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 19
RPG-7 manufacture 2004 36
shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71
survey of producers 2001 32, 2001 52, 2002 33–5, 2002 57
stockpiles 2004 54, 2004 56, 2004 60
civilian holdings 2003 64, 2003 69–70, 2004 53, 2007 47–8, 2007 51–2
correlation of registered to unregistered firearms 2007 56
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
data on private legal firearms 2001 84, 2001 86, 2001 87
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 239, 2004 53
distribution of firearms 2001 67
law enforcement 2006 40
lethality 2004 53
military 2006 45
destruction programmes 2007 64, 2007 65
surplus weapons 2009 69
transportation
customs regulations 2010 57
licensing 2010 51
Germany, Federal Republic (West Germany), military stockpiles 2006 57
Ghana
ammunition availability 2005 18
disarmament 2009 162
134
exports 2005 105
firearm violence and crime 2004 194, 2004 196
illicit craft production 2003 29–30, 2005 47, 2005 48, 2006 255, 2006 258
illicit transfers from 2002 132
imports 2003 117, 2004 113, 2006 72
MANPADS 2006 256
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 276
private security companies, public perception 2011 106
stockpiles, insurgents 2003 82
Giat Industries (France) 2002 31
ammunition production 2001 15
Beretta 2001 32
financial indicators 2002 21
major companies 2003 15
manufacturing sectors 2005 57
most popular assault rifles 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 32, 2002 32–3
Gibraltar, tax havens and brokers 2001 105
girls
child soldiers 2009 197, 2010 195
gang membership 2010 91–2, 2010 185–203, 2010 231
victimization 2010 198–9
violence against 2009 196
violence by 2010 193–7, 2010 199–201
weapon use 2010 196–7
glasnost, Georgia 2003 192
Glatz, Anne-Kathrin 2006 144
global cities 2007 162–3
global costs of small arms violence 2006 194–5, 2006 200–2
global measures 2001 276–81, 2002 226
global norms 2003 223–36
global positioning systems (GPS), mortar guidance systems 2008 27
Global Principles 2007 130
global small arms industry 2001 9–17, 2002 10, 2002 11–15, 2003 11–20
global small arms trade 2003 12–13, 2003 100–2, 2004 100–14, 2006 65–78
2000–2006 2009 11–25
Global Witness 2004 112
globalization
arms brokers 2001 98
brokers 2001 105, 2001 107–10, 2001 129
cities 2007 163
effects of small arms 2001 199
illicit transfers 2001 166–7
organized crime 2001 220–1
transport agents 2001 112, 2001 129
Glock (Austria)
exports, transparency 2007 95–6
135
financial indicators 2000 2002 21
handguns used in crime in the US 2001 23
major producers by weapon type 2004 27
manufacturing sectors 2005 55
most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 20
pistols 2009 42
exports, to the United States 2003 103–4
police handguns 2004 49, 2004 57, 2011 74
survey of producers 2001 31, 2002 30, 2004 26
go-between countries, West African armed groups 2006 256
Godnick, William 2002 309
Golden Sentry programme (United States) 2005 135
end-use monitoring 2008 170
Golden Wings 2007 82
González-Torres, Félix 2005 150–1
Good Friday Agreement (1998) (Northern Ireland) 2002 292–3, 2003 284–6
Goods for Guns (El Salvador) 2002 294, 2002 295
Gorbachev, Mikhail, Georgia 2003 192
Goryunov SG43 machine gun, Burundi 2007 204
GoS see Government of Sudan
GoSS see Government of Southern Sudan
governance
urban armed violence 2007 176–8, 2007 180
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 183
violence reduction programmes 2007 179
urbanization 2007 168
Government Arsenal (Philippines), licensed production 2007 18
Government of National Unity (GNU) (Sudan) 2007 319, 2007 320, 2007 332
Government Rifle Factory (India) 2002 45
Government of Southern Sudan (GoSS) 2007 318, 2007 320
civilian disarmament 2007 327, 2007 333–6
conflicts 2010 281–3
DDR 2007 332–3
disarmament policy 2010 283
local security arrangements 2007 339
Lord’s Resistance Army 2007 325–6
Other Armed Groups 2007 321
relations with National Congress Party 2010 277–8
Government of Sudan (GoS)
Lord’s Resistance Army 2007 325
militias in South Sudan 2007 319–25, 2007 326
transfers from, to armed groups in South Sudan 2007 321
violence in South Sudan 2007 318–20
government-to-government transfers
end-use assurances 2002 249–50
international 2009 9
governments
136
see also municipal governments; states
brokering
control measures 2002 253, 2002 254–6
use of 2001 99
conflict goods 2002 140–1
control measures
brokering 2002 253, 2002 254–6
Middle East 2003 79
destruction programmes 2002 73, 2002 74
disarmament 2003 312
domestic defence industry, central and eastern Europe 2003 37–9
effectiveness variable, weapons prices 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 266, 2007 281, 2007 282,
2007 283
former insurgents becoming legitimate authorities 2001 82–3
human rights law 2002 179
illicit transfers
black market 2001 166
brokers 2001 97, 2001 101–5
complicity in 2001 129
diversion from legal to illicit realm 2002 128–35
grey market 2001 166
violations of end-user certificates 2002 134–5
irresponsible transfers 2007 73, 2007 75–81
legal transfers 2001 141, 2001 142, 2001 147–55
information on exports 2003 98–102
national arms controls 2001 124–6
national export reporting 2002 117–23
municipal violence prevention programmes 2007 178–88
production
regulation of producers 2001 7–8
Russian Federation 2004 15, 2004 16
security and development 2003 154–5
stockpiles 2001 60, 2001 62
firearms theft 2004 65
Republic of the Congo 2003 259–61
stockpile security 2004 54–60
thefts from state arsenals 2002 137–8
transparency in the United States 2004 12
transport agents 2001 112
UNITA supply networks 2001 117
urban political armed violence 2007 173
use of private military companies 2001 109
Yemen 2003 181–2
GPMGs see general-purpose machine guns
GPP see Gramsh Weapons in Exchange for Development Pilot Programme; Group of Patriots for
Peace
graffiti, gangs 2010 69, 2010 147, 2010 217
137
Gramsh Weapons in Exchange for Development Pilot Programme (GPP) (Albania) 2002
298–300, 2002 301–3
Grant, Oscar 2011 91–2
grass-roots initiatives, Central America 2001 257–8
Gray, Colin 2009 159, 2009 181
GREAT see Gang Resistance Education and Training
Great Lakes and Horn of Africa 2003 307
armed violence 2007 317
control measures 2001 262–5
countries of 2001 259
stockpiles 2003 80
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 281
Greece
civilian ownership 2001 203, 2001 239, 2003 64
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 101
disarmament 2009 162
exports
ammunition 2009 16
irresponsible transfers from 2007 103, 2007 105
military firearms 2009 39
shotgun shell parts 2010 26
to the United States 2004 124
value 2001 148
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 203, 2001 239
illicit transfers from
to Former Yugoslavia 2002 132
to the PKK 2001 176
illicit transfers to, ant trade from FRY 2003 71
imports
Comtrade data 2009 12
customs data 2002 126
list of exporters 2006 73
MANPADS 2004 87
military small arms and light weapons 2009 25
sporting shotguns 2009 19
value 2001 2004 110
value 2002 2005 107
value 2003 2006 76
military procurement 2006 30
policing, human rights violations by police 2004 236
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 276
private security companies, personnel 2011 104
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2002 45, 2002 51, 2007 12, 2007 15, 2007 18, 2007 21
light weapons 2008 34
138
MANPADS 2004 81
manufacturing sectors 2005 57, 2005 61
most popular small arms 2001 19, 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 38, 2001 52, 2002 57
terrorism, November 17 2003 72
trends 2000 2003 104
Greek Powder and Cartridge Company (Pyrkal) 2001 38
‘green’ ammunition 2005 16–17
Green Boys (The Gambia) 2006 249
Greene, Owen 2007 41
Grenada
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 276
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
grenade launchers
see also rocket-propelled grenade launchers
Colombia 2006 218, 2006 225
control measures 2005 124
countries producing 2008 34–5
exporters 2006 70–3
Georgia 2003 203–4
hand-held 2008 24
importers 2006 75–8
Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83
as light weapons 2008 10
production
manufacturing sectors 2005 45, 2005 51, 2005 56
most important companies 2003 14–15, 2004 27
most popular military weapons 2004 32, 2004 34
technological developments 2003 23–4, 2003 25
stockpiles
military 2006 54
police 2001 69, 2006 43
Republic of the Congo 2003 268
US Army inventory (2001) 2002 84
transfers 2011 25–6
types 2008 24–5
grenades
Burundi 2007 212, 2007 213, 2007 216, 2007 219–20
Georgia 2003 203–4
producers
Brazil 2001 29
Chile 2001 30
production 2010 31
Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 268
technological developments 2010 33
transfers 2010 10, 2010 27–9, 2010 30
139
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238
grey market 2001 4, 2001 167–70, 2001 175–6, 2001 179–80, 2001 190
see also irresponsible small arms transfers
brokers 2001 95, 2001 97, 2001 101–2
Cold War 2001 168–9
definition 2007 74
definitions 2001 141, 2001 165–6, 2001 167, 2002 128
Eastern Europe 2001 175–6
Latin America 2003 116
post-Cold War trends 2001 168–9
regional surveys 2001 169–70
South Caucasus 2001 179–80
GRIP see Groupe de recherche et d’information sur la paix et la sécurité
gross domestic product (GDP)
correlation to civilian holdings 2007 55, 2007 57–60
costs of small arms violence 2006 192, 2006 193, 2006 194–5
demand, prices 2007 264, 2007 265, 2007 281, 2007 282, 2007 283
military procurement 2006 27–8
Group 4 Securicor see G4S
group insecurity, disarmament 2003 301
Group of Patriots for Peace (GPP) (Côte d’Ivoire) 2006 249
group status, demand for small arms 2006 152–3
Groupe de recherche et d’information sur la paix et la sécurité (GRIP) 2002 247, 2006 96, 2006
97, 2006 258
Groupe Herstal (Belgium) 2001 31, 2002 31
Groupes pour l’autodéfense civile (Burundi) 2007 206
Guadalcanal 2005 30
Guatemala
conflict
deaths 2005 237, 2005 240, 2005 242–3, 2005 246–7
economic effects of 2001 232
control measures
Framework Agreement for Democratic Security in Central America 2001 257
Inter-American Convention 2001 256
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
DDR and weapons reduction 2003 293, 2005 290, 2009 184
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 232, 2003 138
urban armed violence 2007 170–1
gangs
gun ownership 2010 112, 2010 113, 2010 115
membership 2010 106, 2010 107
homicides 2009 227, 2009 228
illicit transfers to 2001 169, 2001 188
imports 2003 114–16, 2006 71
customs data 2002 117
non-state armed groups 2010 270
140
post-conflict deaths 2005 269, 2005 270, 2005 274
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
prison gangs, firearms 2010 173
Private Security Companies 2001 220
personnel 2011 105
production 2001 16, 2001 25, 2001 52, 2002 57
state-led violence 2009 229
thefts from civilian owners 2002 137, 2002 138
urban armed violence 2007 170–1, 2007 181
Guatemala City, urban armed violence 2007 170–1
Guayaquil (Ecuador)
Barrio de Paz 2010 218–20, 2010 223
gangs 2010 93, 2010 209–24
gun ownership 2010 112, 2010 113
membership 2010 106, 2010 107, 2010 210–11
rehabilitation programmes 2010 216–21
homicides 2010 219, 2010 220
Guéï, Robert 2011 195, 2011 196, 2011 198
Guernsey, tax havens and brokers 2001 105
Guerrero, Rodrigo 2006 230
guerrillas
see also insurgents; rebel groups
AK-47 2001 17
Colombia 2006 215, 2006 216–17, 2006 235
command and control 2006 221
conflict-related civilian killings 2006 224
DDR 2006 233–4
illicit trafficking 2006 222–3
stockpiles 2006 220–1
demand for small arms 2006 146–8
insurgent firearms 2001 77–83
Latin America, stockpiles 2003 87
mortars 2002 73
Nepal 2003 113
People’s War militaries 2006 47
prices and consumer taste 2002 70
urban armed violence 2007 183
guided light weapons
definition 2008 16
held by non-state actors 2008 32–3
guided weapon systems 2005 46
Guinea
armed groups
children in 2006 251
command structures 2006 252
craft production 2006 255
sources of weapons 2006 255
141
state forces acting as 2006 259
stockpiles 2003 82
typology 2006 249
DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2005 290
destruction programmes
MANPADS 2008 101
surplus weapons 2008 97
firearm violence and crime 2004 193, 2004 196
illicit transfers from
to Liberia 2002 132, 2004 131, 2005 169, 2006 256
to Sierra Leone 2001 172
imports 2004 113
irresponsible transfers to 2007 100
MANPADS 2006 256
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 32
production 2001 16, 2001 52, 2002 57
refugee camps 2005 273
Guinea-Bissau
armed groups 2006 254, 2006 256
DDR programmes 2009 184
imports 2004 113
Gujarat massacre (2002) 2003 59–60
Gulabi Gang (India), weapons 2010 197
Gulf War (1990–1991) 2005 269, 2006 9–10
post-conflict mortality 2009 222
gun culture
Burundi 2007 216–17
civilian ownership 2007 58, 2007 59, 2007 62
connection with violence 2007 40
Europe 2003 63, 2003 66–9
Kosovo 2005 205–23
Middle East 2005 90
Pacific 2003 88
post-conflict 2005 275, 2005 280
Yemen 2007 45
Gun Destruction Day 2003 60
Gun Experiment (Kansas City, United States) 2006 312
gun ownership, Southern Lebanon 2009 329–30
Gun Project (Boston United States) 2006 148, 2006 155, 2006 312–13, 2007 181, 2008 286,
2010 246
gun-free zones 2005 281, 2005 282
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180
South Africa 2006 152, 2006 156, 2006 157
gunsmiths 2005 46–9, 2005 51–3
Guyana 2001 254
illicit transfers to Brazil 2007 306
surplus weapons 2008 84, 2008 85
142
H&K see Heckler & Koch
Haaning, Jens 2005 154
Habyarimana, Juvenal 2007 199
Hadash, Salah 2003 184
Hague Conventions (1899) 2002 179, 2005 22
Haiti
armed forces, attitudes towards 2011 243
armed gangs 2011 253–5
children affected by violence 2009 203, 2009 204
Citizen’s Forum 2011 233
community security mechanisms 2009 233, 2009 238
conflict, arms sourcing to 2005 160, 2005 163–5, 2005 172
crime 2011 231, 2011 238–42, 2011 255
perceptions of 2011 240
perpetrators of 2011 247
property crime 2011 241–2
sexual violence 2011 241
violent crime 2011 240
DDR and weapons reduction 2005 288, 2009 184, 2009 187, 2009 237
disposal method 2002 311
peace agreements 2003 283
UNDP 2003–2006 2005 72, 2005 289, 2005 292, 2005 293
UNMIH 1993–1996 2003 283, 2003 293
US Army peace-building 1994–1995 2002 302, 2002 311, 2003 280
disarmament 2009 162
earthquake (2010) 2011 229, 2011 230, 2011 236
firearms
private ownership 2011 247–9
regulation 2011 252–3
gangs 2010 308
girl members 2010 190, 2010 197
household surveys 2011 239, 2011 240
international aid 2011 236–8
judicial system, reform 2011 233
military collapse 2008 60
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
police force
abuses by 2011 233–4, 2011 246–7
arrests by 2011 236, 2011 237
perceptions of 2011 4, 2011 242–6, 2011 250, 2011 255
post-earthquake 2011 236–8
pre-earthquake 2011 235–6
policing
urban political armed violence 2007 174
use of automatic rifles 2005 183
political groups, violence by 2011 254–5
143
political history 2011 231–3
post-conflict demand for weapons 2005 281
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
post-conflict violence 2009 230
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 276
prisons 2011 235
‘rebel army’ 2011 231–3
security sector
attitudes towards 2011 4, 2011 6, 2011 242–6, 2011 255
pre-earthquake 2011 233–4
security sector reform (SSR) 2011 2, 2011 6, 2011 249–55
urban conflict 2010 197
urban political armed violence 2007 173–4
weapons lotteries 2009 240
Haitian National Police (HNP)
arrests by 2011 236, 2011 237
creation of 2011 230, 2011 231
human rights violations 2011 246–7
perceptions of 2011 6, 2011 242–6, 2011 250, 2011 255
post-earthquake 2011 236–8
pre-earthquake 2011 235–6
and rebel army 2011 232–3
reinforcing 2011 249–52
al Hakimi, Abdul Salam 2007 45
halfway-house arrangements, post-conflict security 2009 236
HALO Trust, Georgia 2003 210
Hamas
Al-Qassam rockets 2008 15
firearms 2010 122
guided light weapons holdings 2008 33
illicit transfers to 2002 131
stockpiles 2003 78
hand grenades
Colombia 2006 223, 2006 226
Papua New Guinea 2006 175, 2006 176, 2006 177
production, Saudi Arabia 2002 18
hand-held grenade launchers 2008 24
handguns
see also pistols; revolvers
border seizures 2005 115–16
Brazil, urban violence 2007 228, 2007 231
changing patterns of ownership 2007 63
control measures 2004 188–90
national control of civilian ownership 2002 264, 2002 265, 2002 268–9
exports
from Russia 2003 111
transparency 2007 94–6
144
gang violence 2010 145
imported into United States 2001 26–7, 2003 106, 2009 8
most popular 2001 18, 2001 20
Papua New Guinea 2006 175, 2006 176, 2006 177
personalized 2011 79–80
police use 2011 74
production
Brazil 2001 29–30
licensed 2007 18, 2007 20, 2007 21–2
most important companies 2003 14–15
United States 2001 26, 2003 17, 2003 18
unlicensed 2007 20
safety features 2011 78–9
South America 2006 84
stockpiles
Africa 2003 83
Europe 2003 67, 2003 69, 2006 83
military 2006 53, 2006 54, 2006 55–6
police 2001 69, 2001 70, 2006 42–3
technological developments 2003 22, 2003 23, 2011 77–8
used in crime 2001 22–3
handloading 2005 15–16, 2005 17
Harkat ul-Ansar (HUA) (Kashmir), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32
harmonization
control 2002 236
marking, ammunition 2002 245
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238
Harmonized System (HS), customs codes 2009 10, 2009 26, 2009 27
‘harvest guerrillas’, South Sudan 2007 320
HAT see Haute Autorité de la Transition
Haute Autorité de la Transition (HAT) (High Transitional Authority) (Madagascar) 2011 176,
2011 179, 2011 180
H.Cegielski-Poznan (Poland) 2003 42
HDI see Human Development Index
health
availability of small arms 2003 128
ballistics 2001 240
care resources 2001 215
Central African Republic 2005 321
child mortality 2002 172–3
children 2009 205–7
civilian firearms users 2011 276–7
costs of gun violence, Uganda 2003 134–5
effects on human development 2003 132
effects of small arms misuse 2003 140–1
indicators of humanitarian impacts 2002 159–60
indirect effects of small arms 2001 214–18
145
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180
post-conflict 2005 272–4, 2009 222–3
violence-induced displacement 2002 160
healthcare services
accounting for the cost of gun violence 2003 133, 2003 135
child mortality 2002 172–3
civilian disabilities 2002 164–5
costs of small arms violence 2006 189–91, 2006 195–7, 2006 199, 2006 201, 2006 202–4,
2006 207–8
effects of small arms misuse on human development 2003 131, 2003 132, 2003 141
firearm-related injuries 2002 166
Palestinian territories 2002 165
victims of firearms violence, Burundi 2007 214–15
heavy machine guns (HMGs)
control measures 2005 124
countries producing 2008 34–5
lethality 2008 12
manufacturing sectors 2005 51
military procurement 2006 8, 2006 12, 2006 13, 2006 18
military stockpiles 2006 54
production 2004 31–2, 2004 34, 2004 46
Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 268
types 2008 21–2
Heckler & Koch (H&K) (Germany)
ammunition 2011 77
company profile (2000) 2002 34, 2002 39–40
exports
to India 2003 112
to Nepal 2003 113
financial indicators 2000 2002 21
joint ventures 2004 7
kinetic energy weapons 2011 81–2
licensed production 2001 12
exports by licensees 2002 53
G3 assault rifle 2007 8
G36 rifle 2007 12, 2007 26
HK33E assault rifle 2007 12
Iran 2002 18
irresponsible transfer of technology 2007 27
Middle East 2002 41, 2002 48–53
Saudi Arabia 2002 18
as technology owner 2007 16
worldwide 2002 51
machine guns 2001 20, 2001 21, 2003 22
major producers by weapon type 2004 27, 2004 28, 2004 29
manufacturing sectors 2005 56
most important companies 2003 15
146
most popular small arms 2001 19, 2001 20, 2001 21
ownership of 2001 2002 12
sub-machine guns 2004 31
survey of producers 2001 33
Turkey 2002 20
weapons used in humans rights abuses 2004 126
Heckler & Koch (United States), military procurement 2006 24
Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin 2003 79
Hela region (Papua New Guinea), armed violence 2006 166, 2006 169, 2006 174, 2006 176,
2006 178, 2006 180–2
Hellenic Arms Industry (EBO) (Greece) 2001 38, 2005 57
licensed production 2002 45, 2002 51, 2002 53, 2007 18
Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), Aceh 2009 249, 2009 253, 2009 256–7
Henry Repeating Arm Co. (United States) 2005 54
Hezbollah
arms supply 2009 322, 2009 332
conflict use 2005 187, 2005 196
covert transfers from, to Somalia 2007 94
explosions at arms depots 2010 322
firearms 2010 122
guided light weapons holdings 2008 32
history of 2009 320–1
illicit transfers to Palestinian groups 2002 131
irresponsible transfers to 2007 91–2
MANPADS 2004 89, 2004 93
public attitudes 2009 331
relations with state 2010 117
RPG-7 2004 37
stockpiles 2003 79
support for 2009 326–7
High-Power pistol, licensed production 2007 18
High-Precision Weapons Corporation (Russian Federation) 2003 19, 2004 15
high-tech electronics production 2005 46, 2005 58–62, 2005 63–4
hijackings, Georgia 2003 209
Hirtenberger (Austria) 2002 21, 2002 30, 2005 57
Hisbah Groups (Nigeria) 2006 249
HIV/AIDS
Papua New Guinea 2006 180
treating injuries 2001 216
Hizbollah see Hezbollah
Hizbul Mujahideen (HM) (Kashmir), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32
HK MP-43 machine gun 2003 22
HK MP5 sub-machine gun
licensed production
exports 2002 53
Iran 2002 18, 2002 52
Turkey 2001 40, 2002 20
147
worldwide 2002 50, 2002 51
most popular machine guns 2001 19, 2001 20
HK21 Series machine gun 2001 20, 2001 21
HK33 assault rifles 2001 40, 2002 50, 2002 51
HK33E assault rifle, licensed production 2007 12
HMGs see heavy machine guns
HN-5 MANPADS 2004 82, 2004 84, 2004 88
Bolivia 2008 102
destruction of 2008 100, 2008 102
HNP see Haitian National Police
hollow-point bullets 2005 23
Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) (Uganda) 2006 275, 2006 277
homemade explosives, Palestine 2003 78
homemade production see craft production
homicides
see also firearm deaths; firearm homicides
accessibility thesis 2004 182–6
Africa 2004 192–3
Australia 2004 184–6
Brazil 2007 230–3
correlation to city size 2007 165–7
Canada 2004 62, 2004 68
correlation to city size 2007 165
Colombia 2002 164, 2006 215, 2006 216–17, 2006 223–32, 2006 234–5, 2006 236–8
correlation to city size 2007 165–7
England and Wales 2002 271
gang violence 2010 129
Trinidad and Tobago 2010 129, 2010 141
United States 2010 132–5, 2010 146
global 2002 156–7, 2002 160
Guatemala, urban armed violence 2007 170–1
Haiti 2007 173–4
Iraq 2004 44
Kyrgyzstan 2004 315–16
Latin America and the Caribbean 2004 50, 2004 52–4, 2004 69
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 281
Pacific 2004 295
Pakistan, Karachi 2007 175
Papua New Guinea 2006 169, 2006 170, 2006 174, 2006 184
South Sudan 2007 329, 2007 330–1
substitution effect 2004 186–90
Thailand 2004 71
United Kingdom 2002 271, 2004 189
United States, correlation to city size 2007 165, 2007 166
urban violence 2007 164–7, 2007 170–1, 2007 173–4
urbanization 2007 164
Venezuela, urban violence 2007 186
148
Yemen 2003 181–5
young men and small arms 2006 304, 2006 312–13
Homies Unidos 2010 222–3
Honduras
conflict
economic effects of 2001 232
sourcing 2005 162
control measures
Citizen Security Committees 2001 257–8
Framework Agreement for Democratic Security in Central America 2001 257
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2005 290, 2005 293
firearm homicides and suicides, homicides 2000 2001 232
gangs
gun ownership 2010 112, 2010 113
membership 2010 106, 2010 107
illicit transfers from 2001 188
to Colombia 2004 130, 2005 162
to Mexico 2001 189
imports 2004 110, 2005 106, 2006 71
insecurity 2002 166, 2002 195
police, extrajudicial executions of children 2004 236
prices
black market prices for AK47 rifle 2002 66
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 276
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
Hong Kong
exports
human rights 2004 129, 2004 131
irresponsible transfers from 2007 99, 2007 101, 2007 103, 2007 104, 2007 106
gangs, gendered structure 2010 193
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 276
production 2005 61
Horn of Africa see Great Lakes and Horn of Africa
hospital admissions
Burundi 2007 214–15
costs of small arms violence 2006 208
effects on human development 2003 132
Papua New Guinea 2006 170–1, 2006 172, 2006 174
Houphouët-Boigny, Felix 2011 195, 2011 197, 2011 220
household-name producers 2005 45, 2005 53–5, 2005 63
HRW see Human Rights Watch
HS see Harmonized System
HS Product (Croatia) 2003 45, 2005 54, 2005 55
HSBA see Human Security Baseline Assessment
HSM see Holy Spirit Movement
Hug, Peter 2007 54, 2007 55
149
Human Development Index (HDI)
Brazil 2007 245
Rio de Janeiro 2007 237
Yemen 2003 171–2
human development indicators, homicides 2001 232–3
human rights 2004 1–2
Algeria 2004 102
brokering 2004 161
Cambodia 2006 130–3
children 2009 207–9
Colombia 2006 234
corporate social responsibility 2011 139–41, 2011 151–8
demand for small arms 2006 144
disarmament 2003 311–12
EU Code of Conduct 2001 270
Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development (2006) 2007 127
Haiti 2007 174
humanitarian law 2001 222–5, 2007 136
Indonesia 2004 99
irresponsible transfers 2007 73, 2007 75–81, 2007 98–107
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181
Nepal 2003 113
norms 2003 219–20
policing 2004 4, 2004 213–43
security and development 2003 150–1
shift to rights-based approach 2002 178
supply-side control 2001 223
transfer controls, implementation of international humanitarian law 2007 136
transfers 2004 99, 2004 125–33
UN Programme of Action 2002 221
UN Review Conference (2006) 2007 119, 2007 124
violations in conflict 2002 155–93
violence and crime 2002 176–92, 2004 173
urban armed violence 2007 181
human rights law
definitions 2002 179
violence 2002 176–92
Human Rights Watch (HRW) 2004 1
Haiti 2007 174
monitoring of abuses by security personnel 2011 142
monitoring UN embargoes 2004 127, 2004 271
Monrovia, Liberia 2005 183
stigmatization of transfers to human rights abusers 2002 183–4
supply-side humanitarianism 2002 182
surplus military weapons 2006 25
tracing of weapons involved in human rights abuses 2004 127
UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 203
150
violations of ECOWAS moratorium 2004 112
violence against women by police in Gujarat 2002 2004 235
West African armed groups 2006 265
Human Security Baseline Assessment (HSBA) 2010 278
Sudan 2007 317
human security movement 2004 173
global norms 2003 228, 2003 230
Human Security Report (HSR) 2005 238–9, 2005 247
humanitarian agencies
data collection 2002 158
disruption of aid 2001 224
impacts of small arms 2002 157
military protection for personnel 2002 189–90
safety of personnel 2002 188–9
security personnel 2002 191
violence in refugee camps 2002 169
humanitarian agreements 2010 312
humanitarian approach
new humanitarianism 2002 181, 2002 184–6
operational perspective 2002 181, 2002 186–92
supply-side 2002 181, 2002 182–4
UN Programme of Action 2002 221
Humanitarian Coalition on Small Arms 2002 183–4
humanitarian engagement, armed groups 2010 306–15
humanitarian impacts 2002 6, 2002 155–93, 2003 125–59
data 2002 158
Georgia 2003 206–7
global norms 2003 228, 2003 230
indicators 2002 157–60
new wars 2002 173–6
UN response to 2002 176
humanitarian international 2002 178
humanitarian law 2001 222–5
see also international humanitarian law
definitions 2002 179
definitions of armed conflict 2005 231
disarmament 2003 311–12
enforcement 2002 180
humanization of 2002 179–81
new wars 2002 174–6
violence 2002 176–92
humanitarian operations
armed protection 2002 191
conflict deaths 2005 252–3
Georgia 2003 210
impartiality 2002 185–6, 2002 189–90
militarization of refugee camps 2005 273
151
military involvement 2002 189–90
politization of 2002 185–6
post-conflict phase 2005 269
protection, definition 2002 190
safety, definition 2002 190
security, definition 2002 190
security of personnel 2002 186–92
transfers to non-state actors 2007 134
humanitarianism, definition 2002 177–8
Hun Sen 2006 120–2, 2006 123, 2008 96, 2008 98
Hungary
brokering 2004 153, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 160, 2004 161
civilian ownership 2003 65
destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 101
EU membership 2008 103
exports 2003 41, 2009 30
annual value 2001 148
human rights 2004 131
irresponsible transfers from 2007 101, 2007 105
list of importers 2005 107
military firearms 2009 35, 2009 38, 2009 39
transparency 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17
to the United States 2003 39
NATO membership 2008 103
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 276
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
production
global ranking of countries 2001 15, 2001 16
government control 2003 37–8
licensed 2007 15, 2007 17–19, 2007 18
light weapons 2008 34
manufacturing sectors 2005 61
survey of producers 2001 35, 2001 36, 2001 37, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003
41–2
Hungerford (UK) 2009 171
hunting weapons
see also sporting firearms
Algeria, irresponsible transfers to 2007 77
Brazil
exports to the United States 2007 95–6
rural violence 2007 228, 2007 231
civilian ownership 2011 285
patterns of 2007 63
exports 2002 113–14, 2002 115, 2006 68–73
from Russia 2003 110–11
WSFA data 2002 124, 2002 125
importers 2006 75–8
152
Israeli stockpiles 2003 77
Kosovo 2005 214
Morocco 2005 86–7
national control of civilian ownership 2002 264
Pacific 2003 88
Hutus, Burundi 2007 199–203, 2007 207, 2007 221
hypercities 2007 162
IACP see International Association of Chiefs of Police
IADB see Inter-American Development Bank
IANSA see International Action Network on Small Arms
IATA see International Air Transport Association
IBDB see Instrument Building Design Bureau
Ibis Air International 2001 104
ICAO see International Civil Aviation Organization
ICC see Integrated Command Center; International Criminal Court
ICCE see Instituto de Criminalistica Carlos Éboli
ICCPR see International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Iceland 2005 61, 2006 27
ICG see International Crisis Group
ICHRP see International Council on Human Rights Policy
ICoC see International Code of Conduct for Private Security Providers
ICRC see International Committee of the Red Cross
ICRG see International Country Risk Guide
ICVS see International Crime Victims Surveys
IDB see Inter-American Development Bank
IDDRS see United Nations (UN), Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration
Standards
Idema, Jonathan Keith 2005 195
identity
demand for small arms 2006 144, 2006 149, 2006 152–3
disarmament 2003 298
Yemen 2003 179, 2003 185, 2003 186
young men and small arms 2006 300–1, 2006 302, 2006 304–7
ideology
armed groups 2006 252, 2006 253
young men and small arms 2006 300–1, 2006 304–7
IDF see Israel Defense Forces
IDPs see internally displaced persons
IDSA see Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses
IEDs see improvised explosive devices
IFM see Isatabu Freedom Movement
IFOR see Implementation Force
IGAD see Inter-Governmental Authority on Development
Ignatieff, Michael, human rights 2002 178, 2002 181
IHL see international humanitarian law
IHRL see international human rights law
153
IIC see international import certificate
IICD see Independent International Commission on Decommissioning
IISS see International Institute for Strategic Studies
Ikhwan-ul Muslimoon (Muslim Brotherhood) 2010 261–2
illegal transfers, definition 2007 74
illicit firearms
see also illicit transfers
Africa 2003 80, 2003 81, 2004 194, 2004 198
amnesties 2004 57, 2004 59, 2004 71, 2004 188, 2004 298–300, 2004 303
Australia 2004 185
bought by police officers for others 2006 39
Canada 2004 68
Central America 2003 90
China 2002 96–7, 2003 86
Colombia 2006 215, 2006 219, 2006 220–1, 2006 222–3
confiscation, International Tracing Instrument 2006 107
cost/benefit of 2006 150, 2006 153–8
definition, International Tracing Instrument 2006 104–5, 2006 109
demand for small arms 2006 150, 2006 154–8
European unregistered guns 2003 70–2
Kyrgyzstan 2004 314–17
Latin America 2004 24, 2004 51, 2004 52
Pacific 2004 298–300, 2004 303
Pakistan 2002 100, 2004 195
Philippines 2002 98–9
Thailand 2004 71
tracing cooperation 2006 108–9
United Kingdom 2004 188
illicit production
China 2002 96
control measures, Inter-American Convention 2001 253
definition 2001 9
illicit transfers 2001 165–89, 2002 109–11, 2002 128–45, 2005 113–16
see also ant trade; black market; diversions; illicit firearms; smuggling; trafficking
Africa 2001 170–5, 2003 118–19
Americas 2001 184–9
Argentina 2007 29
to armed groups in South Sudan 2007 320–1
Asia 2001 180–4
Brazil 2004 70
brokering 2001 4, 2001 95–130, 2002 254–5, 2004 141–66
Canada 2004 68
Central America 2001 256–7
chain of possibilities 2002 110
Colombia 2001 106–7, 2001 168–9, 2001 178–9, 2001 187–9, 2003 116, 2004 128, 2004
129–30, 2006 85, 2006 87, 2006 217, 2006 219
to conflict zones 2005 159–73
154
control measures 2010 44–9
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 122–4
ASEAN initiatives 2001 267–8
customs procedures 2010 58
EU initiatives 2001 269
Framework Agreement for Democratic Security in Central America 2001 257
initiatives in the Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 263–5
Inter-American Convention 2001 253, 2001 256–7
legal transfers 2007 117, 2007 122–4
Southern Africa 2001 261–2
data on 2006 88
definitions 2001 141, 2001 165–6, 2001 167, 2002 111, 2002 128, 2007 74
disturbing legal transfers 2001 155–6
ECOWAS 2004 112
effect of legal transfers 2001 141
end-use assurances 2002 249
Europe 2001 175–80
from the Former Yugoslavia 2003 111
fuelled by DDR programmes 2005 285–6
grey market 2001 141
insurgency weapons 2001 78–9, 2001 83
irresponsible transfers 2007 73–107
Kyrgyzstan 2004 311, 2004 322–4
Latin America 2003 116–17
links to legal transfers 2002 128–39, 2002 206
MANPADS 2004 88–9, 2004 90, 2004 92–3
marking 2002 244–5
Mexico 2004 52
monitoring 2004 249–72
national control of civilian ownership 2002 263–4
from non-EU Europe 2003 108
Pacific 2004 277, 2004 285–90
patterns 2001 168–9
prices 2007 264
prices as an indicator of stockpiles 2002 65
production sectors 2005 46–7
to the Republic of the Congo 2003 261–2
scope 2001 166–9
from Serbia 2004 103
to Sierra Leone 2001 119–23, 2001 170, 2001 171–3
South America 2006 65, 2006 83–7
stockpile management and security 2002 258
stolen firearms 2004 60–1
sub-Saharan Africa 2003 117–18
to Sudan 2001 173–5, 2007 320–1
tracing of 2009 107–31
transit countries
155
Bangladesh 2002 143–5
Saudi Arabia 2004 102
Thailand 2002 142–3
Yemen 2004 102
transport by sea 2002 144
transportation 2010 44–5
to Uganda, Lord’s Resistance Army 2007 325
UN Firearms Protocol 2001 278–80, 2002 238–9
UN Programme of Action 2002 208–9, 2002 222
UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 280–1, 2001 282, 2002 203–31, 2002 228
to UNITA in Angola 2001 116–19, 2001 173, 2002 131–3, 2002 134, 2002 249, 2004 130,
2004 265, 2004 269
of weapons produced under licence 2007 28–31
Ilyushin-18, use in diversion of weapons 2008 116, 2008 117
Ilyushin-76, use in diversion of weapons 2008 115, 2008 120, 2008 124
IMBEL see Indústria de Material Bélico do Brasil
IMI see Israel Military Industries
imitation guns, definitions of small arms 2003 59
immunization 2002 170, 2002 172–3
impact evaluation, weapons collection 2002 312
Implementation Force (IFOR), disarmament 2003 283, 2003 299, 2003 300
import licences
brokers and transport agents 2001 124
Inter-American Convention 2001 253
national control systems 2001 125
import marks, weapons tracing 2009 118–20
importing state, definition 2009 64
imports
ammunition 2010 8
shotgun shell parts 2010 26–7
shotgun shells 2010 25–6
small-calibre 2009 16–17
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 23–4
ATGWs 2011 31–3
Colombia 2005 161, 2006 217–21, 2006 236
Comtrade data 2000–2006 2009 11–25, 2009 52
control measures
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 122
OAS Model Regulations 2001 255
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239
customs data to 1999 2001 156–8
customs data 1999 2002 112–17
customs data 2000 2003 98–120
customs data 2001 100–1, 2004 108–14
customs data 2002 2005 97, 2005 116–17
customs data 2003 2006 65–78
documented 2011 20
156
estimating 2011 21–2
European Union 2003 103–5
grenade launchers 2011 25–6
Kyrgyzstan 2004 313
Latin America 2003 114–17
MANPADS 2011 33–5
marking and tracing 2002 245–6
International Tracing Instrument 2006 95, 2006 99, 2006 100, 2006 106–7
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 240–1
Middle East, 1993–2000 2002 16
military small arms and light weapons 2009 23–5
mortars 2011 24–5
national reporting 2002 123–8
non-EU Europe 2003 111
Pacific 2004 280–2, 2004 303
pistols and revolvers 2009 20–2
portable rocket launchers 2011 27–9
Republic of the Congo 2003 261–2, 2003 270–2
South America 2003 115
South Asia 2003 111–12
sporting shotguns 2009 17–20
sub-Saharan Africa 2003 117–19
top importers 2004 2007 74
UN Firearms Protocol, marking 2002 240–1
United States 2003 105–6, 2004 13
value 2002 2005 98
value 2003 99–100
Yemen 2003 172–7
improvised explosive devices (IEDs)
from diverted weapons 2008 61
Iraq 2008 14, 2008 61
use by non-state actors 2008 14–15, 2008 31, 2010 123
IMU see Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
IMZ see Ishevsky Mekhanichesky Zavod
in-transit procedures, control, OAS Model Regulations 2001 255
INA see Indústria Nacional de Armas
incentives, weapons collection 2002 286, 2002 287, 2002 303, 2002 305–6
income
firearm homicides, Brazil 2007 235
prices of assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 265
INDEP (Portugal) 2002 51, 2002 53
independence conflicts, Georgia 2003 191–6
Independent International Commission on Decommissioning (IICD) 2002 292, 2003 285
India
black-market prices for AK47 rifle 2002 66
civilian firearms
licences 2011 282
157
prohibited and restricted 2011 270
user regulation 2011 276
conflict
displaced persons 2001 2002 196
Gujarat massacre 2002 2003 59–60
control measures
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 123
International Tracing Instrument 2006 99
regional cooperation on small arms 2002 216
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 240
disarmament 2009 162
exports 2005 101
annual value 2001 148
irresponsible transfers from 2007 103, 2007 104
national reporting 2002 119, 2002 120
to Nepal 2003 113
transparency 2010 13, 2010 16, 2011 17
value 2003 2006 72
illicit transfers from, to non-state actors 2002 129
illicit transfers to
Bangladesh as a transit country 2002 143–4
from Pakistan 2001 181
Thailand as a transit country 2002 143
imports
from Bulgaria 2003 108
irresponsible transfers to 2007 100–1
lack of data on 2004 101
MANPADS 2004 87
selected transfers 1999–2001 2002 147
trends 2000 2003 112
unofficial information on 2001 158
military procurement 2006 15, 2006 16, 2006 30
militias 2010 270
police weapons 2010 114
policing
urban political armed violence 2007 175
violence against women by police 2004 235
prices
AK47 rifles 2002 66
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 276
private security companies
armed 2011 112, 2011 113, 2011 114, 2011 115
illicit arms possession 2011 119
personnel 2011 105
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
illicit production 2001 46–7
158
licensed 2002 45, 2007 9, 2007 11, 2007 15, 2007 18
light weapons 2008 34
manufacturing 2005 61
most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 19, 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 42, 2001 52, 2002 57
stockpiles
civilian holdings 2002 80, 2002 101, 2007 47–9, 2007 62
correlation of registered to unregistered firearms 2007 56
estimates 2007 53
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam 2001 80
military 2002 100–1, 2006 56, 2006 57
paramilitary forces 2001 71–2
urban armed violence 2007 175
indicators
correlation to civilian holdings 2007 57–60
demand for small arms 2006 149–58
effects of small arms misuse 2003 131
evaluating weapons collection programmes 2002 312–13
humanitarian impacts of small arms 2002 157–60
indirect conflict deaths
compared to direct deaths 2005 253, 2005 254–6, 2005 257–9
counting 2005 233–41, 2005 251–7
definition 2005 232
global estimates 2005 230, 2005 256–7
indirect counter-trade arrangements 2007 10–11
indirect offsets 2007 12
Individual Airburst Weapon System 2010 33, 2010 34
individual insecurity, disarmament 2003 301
individual transfers, international 2009 9
individualism, firearm suicides, Brazil 2007 245
Indonesia
see also Aceh
Aceh peace agreement 2009 252–3
armed groups 2006 253
Bappenas 2009 257, 2009 258
black-market prices for M16 rifle 2002 67
DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2005 291, 2009 185
exports 2001 148, 2002 114
irresponsible transfers from 2007 99, 2007 103
human rights violations 2007 76, 2007 77–9
illicit transfers to, Thailand as a transit country 2002 143
imports
classification of 2004 108
human rights 2004 99, 2004 128, 2004 130–1
irresponsible transfers to 2007 76, 2007 77–9, 2007 101
list of exporters 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 72
selected transfers 1999–2001 2002 147
159
value 2002 2005 106
military procurement 2006 30
non-state armed groups 2010 259
policing 2004 225–6, 2004 233, 2004 235
prices
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 276
M16 rifles 2002 67
prices and consumer taste 2002 70
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
illicit 2001 46
licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 2007 18
light weapons 2008 34
most popular small arms 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 43, 2001 52, 2002 57
stockpiles 2002 97–8
civilian holdings, estimates 2007 53
insurgent firearms 2002 97–8
military 2006 57
stockpile security 2004 55, 2004 56
Indústria de Material Bélico do Brasil (IMBEL) (Brazil)
company profile 2000 2002 32
exports 2003 114
financial indicators 2000 2002 21
illicit weapons seized in Brazil 2001 23
licensed production 2002 45, 2007 18
of FN FAL 2007 18
manufacturing sectors 2005 57
survey of producers 2001 29–30, 2004 21, 2004 22
Industria Militar (INDUMIL) (Colombia) 2006 217–19, 2006 222, 2006 223
conflict sourcing 2005 161–2
illicit craft production by FARC 2004 24
survey of producers 2004 23
Indústria Nacional de Armas (INA) (Brazil)
manufacturers of illicit weapons seized in Brazil 2001 23
survey of producers 2001 29, 2001 30
industrialization
urban violence 2007 164
urbanization 2007 164, 2007 168
Industrias Ruiz Cabañas (Mexico) 2004 24–5
Industrias Technos Aquila (Mexico) 2001 27, 2004 24–5
inequality
effects of small arms misuse 2001 232–3, 2003 140–1
firearm-related deaths, Brazil 2007 228, 2007 233, 2007 234, 2007 235, 2007 236–8, 2007
245, 2007 246, 2007 247
urban violence 2007 167, 2007 168–9, 2007 176–8
infant mortality, Yemen 2003 172
160
infantry, military stockpiles 2006 46–50
infantry support weapons, military procurement 2006 14–15
informal security groups 2011 103
information sharing
EU Code of Conduct 2001 270
marking 2002 244
MERCOSUR 2001 258
NGOs 2002 243
norms 2003 231
infrastructure
effects of small arms misuse 2003 142
Georgia 2003 210
Ingram (United States) 2004 31
Ingwe ATGW 2011 30
inheritance of weapons, Yemen 2003 178
injuries see firearm injuries; knife/sharp instrument injuries
Inno-Coop (Hungary) 2001 37
innovation 2003 20–3
Inoguchi, Kuniko 2004 58
INSAS automatic rifle 2006 16, 2006 55
insecurity
armed groups 2006 250–1
Burundi 2007 209–15, 2007 219–20
Cambodia 2002 296
Colombia 2006 215, 2006 216–17, 2006 230–4
demand for small arms 2006 145
development programmes 2003 148–9
disarmament 2003 301
Georgia 2003 205–7
Honduras 2002 166
illicit transfers 2001 165–6
legal transfers 2001 159
long-term effects 2002 171–3
Nicaragua 2002 166
Papua New Guinea 2006 166, 2006 169, 2006 170, 2006 172–4, 2006 180–2
post-conflict 2002 171–3
privatization of security 2003 139–40
South Sudan 2007 317–44
Uganda 2006 287–8, 2006 289
urban violence 2007 161–2, 2007 169
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 183
political 2007 175
slums 2007 168–9
weapons collection 2002 296, 2002 304–5
Institute of Community and Public Health, effects on human development 2003 132
Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA) 2001 143
Institute for Religious Studies (ISER) (Brazil) 2001 23
161
Institute for Security Studies (ISS) (South Africa) 2001 143, 2001 262–3
Instituto de Criminalistica Carlos Éboli (ICCE) (Brazil) 2007 301, 2007 302
Instituto de Estudos da Religião (ISER) (Brazil) 2007 229
Instrument Building Design Bureau (IBDB) (Russia) 2002 123, 2003 110
instrumentality theory 2004 186–90
insurance premium costs, field workers 2003 148
insurgencies
Constabulary military doctrine 2006 50–1
importers 2006 74
Mexico, illicit transfers to 2001 189
military procurement 2006 22
South America 2006 83
insurgent groups
see also insurgents
definition 2010 116–18
membership 2010 118–19
small arms 2010 102–5, 2010 116–24
insurgent holdings 2001 77–83, 2002 80–3
Afghanistan 2002 102, 2003 73–6
Africa 2003 80, 2003 81, 2003 84
Colombia 2003 87
data collection 2001 65
distribution 2001 2002 103
Europe 2002 88–90
global stockpiles 2001 89, 2002 74, 2002 103, 2004 4
Indonesia 2002 98
Iran 2002 90
Israel 2002 90–4
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 283–8
methodology for estimating 2001 65
Nepal 2002 101–2
Philippines 2002 98–9
Republic of the Congo 2003 258–69
second-hand equipment 2002 66
shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71
small arms attrition 2001 81
South Asia 2002 99–100
Southeast Asia 2002 97–9
West Africa 2003 82–3
insurgents
see also insurgent groups
becoming legitimate authorities 2001 82–3
Colombia 2005 161–3
fluctuations in demand 2001 81–2
Georgia 2005 171–2
Haiti 2005 163–6
illicit transfers to
162
arms brokers 2001 97
Bangladesh as a transit country 2002 143–5
Thailand as a transit country 2002 142–3
India 2001 181
Liberia 2005 167–9
Mali 2005 165–7
MANPADS 2002 116
mortars 2002 73
new wars 2002 175
organizational factors 2005 188–99
Philippines 2001 183–4, 2003 34
resources 2005 186–7
Sierra Leone 2001 171–3
structure 2005 188
Sudan 2001 174–5
Tajikistan 2005 169–71
Integrated Command Center (ICC) (Côte d’Ivoire) 2011 193, 2011 218–19
integration, Sierra Leone 2003 308
intellectual property, licensed production 2002 42–3, 2007 8–10, 2007 23–6, 2007 31
intelligence, EU Code of Conduct 2001 270
intelligence agencies
stockpiles 2006 43
use of private military companies 2001 109
intentional transfers, definition 2002 111
Inter-American Convention see Organization of American States (OAS), Inter-American
Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition,
Explosives, and Other Related Materials
Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
costs of violence 2001 4, 2001 217
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 179
post-conflict security promotion 2009 237
urban violence in Caracas 2007 173, 2007 186
Violence Prevention programme 2008 275
Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) 2001 253, 2001 255–6
inter-ethnic violence, South Sudan 2007 317
Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) (Kenya) 2001 262–4, 2001 265
Somalia 2007 92
inter-personal violence, Yemen 2003 180
inter-state co-operation
ASEAN initiatives 2001 267–8
EU Code of Conduct 2001 270
initiatives in the Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 262–5
UN Firearms Protocol 2001 279
West African Moratorium 2001 260
intergroup fighting, Papua New Guinea 2006 166, 2006 170, 2006 172–4
interim stabilization, post-conflict situations 2009 220, 2009 233, 2009 234–7
Interior Ministries (Republic of the Congo) 2003 269
163
interior ministry personnel, stockpiles 2006 43
Interlaken process 2004 270
interlocutors, NGOs 2002 243
internal conflicts
see also civil wars; intra-state conflicts
demand, prices 2007 263, 2007 265, 2007 266
developing countries 2003 127
international humanitarian law 2002 179
new humanitarianism 2002 184
new wars and humanitarian impacts 2002 173–6
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 269–71, 2007 281, 2007 282, 2007 283
transfers to non-state actors 2007 134
internal transfers, definition 2001 167
internalization, norms 2003 222
internally displaced persons (IDPs)
definitions of armed conflict 2005 231
disease 2002 169–70
effects of small arms availability 2001 224–5
former Yugoslavia and Balkans 2001 200–1
Georgia 2003 209–10
human rights law 2002 181
humanitarian impacts 2002 160, 2002 167–70
humanitarian law 2001 224–5
militarization of refugee camps 2005 273, 2005 274
Uganda 2006 275, 2006 278, 2006 280–1, 2006 288, 2006 289
violence in refugee camps 2002 168–9
International Action Network on Small Arms (IANSA)
Arms Trade Treaty 2004 133
codes of conduct 2002 183–4
creation 2001 277
human rights 2001 222
initiatives in the Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 265
International Tracing Instrument 2006 97
marking and tracing 2002 247, 2006 97
monitoring of implementation of Programme of Action 2004 2, 2004 259–62
NGOs 2002 242
UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 203, 2002 217, 2002 247
international aid
cost-benefit analysis 2006 195
effects of small arms misuse 2003 131
global norms 2003 230
opportunity costs of small arms 2001 233–4
stockpile security 2002 259–60
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 281
International Air Transport Association (IATA) 2001 112
Recommended Practice 1630 2010 61–2
International Alert 2004 259, 2011 154–5, 2011 157
164
International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) 2004 223
International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) 2002 64, 2002 205
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 2001 112, 2005 129, 2005 136, 2010 59
International Classification of Disease (ICD) 2002 162
International Code of Conduct on Arms Transfers (1997) 2001 257, 2007 128
International Code of Conduct for Private Security Providers (ICoC) 2011 125–6, 2011 135,
2011 140, 2011 151, 2011 157
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
conflict deaths 2002 163
in Bosnia 2005 234
craft production 2005 15
deaths of humanitarian personnel 2002 187
engagement with armed groups 2010 307, 2010 308–9
expanding bullets 2005 22
expelled from Ethiopia 2010 315
Georgia 2003 210
humanitarian impacts of small arms 2002 157
humanitarianism 2002 178
IHL indicators 2007 136, 2007 137
impartiality 2002 185–6
Israel, human rights violations 2007 79
new humanitarianism 2002 184
People on War Report 2001 210
security of personnel 2001 226, 2001 228, 2002 188, 2002 189
international control measures 2001 251–83
air cargo companies 2001 112
air transportation 2010 49–50
ammunition 2005 22–5, 2005 28–9
black market 2001 166
brokers 2001 96–7, 2001 98, 2001 101, 2001 103–5, 2001 127–9, 2001 130
data on small arms 2001 61–2
disarmament 2003 304
light weapons 2005 123–7
MANPADS 2005 127–9
marking 2002 244, 2002 245–7
supply-side controls 2001 223
transfers 2007 122–4, 2007 128–37
transport agents 2001 103–5, 2001 130
International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System 2009
10
international cooperation, UN Programme of Action 2011 46–7, 2011 58–9
International Council on Human Rights Policy (ICHRP) 2006 248
International Country Risk Guide (ICRG), government effectiveness and weapons prices 2007
266
International Court of Justice (ICJ), complicity in violations of international law 2007 131
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 2002 179, 2004 214, 2004
216–17
165
International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (1976) 2002 179
International Crime Victims Surveys (ICVS) 2003 147, 2004 179
firearm ownership 2007 171
urban armed violence 2007 169–70
urbanization and violence 2007 164
International Criminal Court (ICC) 2002 177, 2002 179, 2005 22, 2006 276
International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
crime statistics 2003 158
crime in Yemen 2003 180
initiatives in the Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 262–3
International Tracing Instrument 2006 98, 2006 110–11
marking and tracing 2002 241, 2002 245, 2006 98, 2006 110–11
Nairobi Declaration (2000) 2002 262
SARPCCO 2003 237
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 241
UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 209
weapons tracing 2009 122
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) 2005 242
International Crisis Group (ICG) 2005 183
international customs data 2004 101, 2004 108, 2004 116
international human rights law (IHRL), and armed groups 2010 306
international humanitarian law (IHL) 2001 223–4, 2002 179–81
and armed groups 2010 306–10, 2010 316, 2010 318, 2010 324
disarmament 2003 311–12
irresponsible transfers 2007 73
new humanitarianism 2002 184–6
and private security companies 2011 109, 2011 151, 2011 152–3
transfer controls 2007 132, 2007 136
welfare of non-combatants 2001 215
West African armed groups 2006 265–6
international import certificate (IIC) 2002 250, 2008 163
definition 2009 64
International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)
Armed Conflict Database 2007 76
conflict deaths 2005 238–9, 2005 241–2, 2005 244, 2005 245–9
international law
armed conflict 2007 75
complicity in violations of 2007 131, 2007 132
customary 2003 216–18
extra-territorial jurisdiction, brokering 2002 255–6
human rights 2007 75
irresponsible transfers 2007 73, 2007 74
legal transfers 2002 111
norms 2003 216–18, 2003 224–5
transfers 2007 130–2, 2007 136–7
International Law Commission (ILC) 2007 131
international mediators, disarmament 2003 287
166
International Monetary Fund (IMF), Cambodia 2006 121–2
International Narcotics Control Program (Plan Colombia) 2005 161
international non-governmental organizations, disarmament and development 2003 155–6
International Organization for Migration (IOM) 2005 281
Aceh reintegration programme 2009 258–9, 2009 267–8
firearm casualties in Congo-Brazzaville 2002 164
Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 264–73, 2003 279
weapons collection in the Republic of the Congo 2002 300–1, 2003 255
international organizations
norms 2003 219
security and development 2003 150–1
International Peace Information Service 2004 127
International Peace Institute (IPI), Lebanon security survey 2009 331
International Peace Monitoring Team (IPMT) 2004 298–9
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW), Aiming for Prevention
Programme 2008 292
international politics, norms 2003 220–2
international regulations, civilain firearms 2011 263–4
International Rescue Committee (IRC) 2005 245–6
International Resource Group on Disarmament and Security in the Horn of Africa (IRG) 2002
243
International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), Afghanistan 2009 285, 2009 289
International Small Arms Control Standards (ISACS) 2011 58, 2011 262
International Tracing Instrument (ITI) 2004 251, 2006 95–114, 2009 109, 2009 136
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 119
ammunition 2009 145, 2009 152
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 124, 2007 125
definitions 2006 103–4
fragmentation 2007 127–8
General Assembly First Committee 2007 126
implementation by UN members 2009 141, 2011 43, 2011 48–50, 2011 59–60, 2011 61
import marks 2009 119
manufacturers’ marks 2009 114–16
marking 2006 95, 2006 99, 2006 100, 2006 106–7
record-keeping 2011 56–7
International Trade Centre 2005 100
International Trading Establishment (ITE) (Jordan) 2007 82
international transfers
authorized
ammunition 2010 9
definition 2011 12
internet
arms trade research 2011 22
conflict deaths 2005 238
illicit transfers using 2001 188–9
Interpol see International Criminal Police Organization
interventions
167
community programmes 2008 234, 2008 267, 2008 287–8, 2008 298
criminal justice approach 2008 287
El Salvador 2008 281, 2008 291–5
evaluation of 2008 295–8
firearms targeting 2008 278–9, 2008 287–8
gangs 2010 92–4, 2010 229–49
girls 2010 202
national plans 2008 297–8
public health approach 2008 277–9, 2008 287–8, 2008 298–9
targeting 2008 268, 2008 269, 2008 270, 2008 278
types 2008 267
United States 2008 280–8
violence reduction 2008 226–7, 2008 235–6, 2008 262–9, 2008 291–5
top ten strategies 2008 268
Intifada 2002 165, 2003 77–8
intimate partner violence 2004 183–4
intimidation
Georgia 2003 209
Honduras 2002 166
Nicaragua 2002 166
Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 2006 180
intra-European trade 2003 103
intra-governmental transfers, international 2009 9
intra-regional trade 2003 101
intra-state conflicts
see also civil wars; internal conflicts
arms brokers 2001 96–7
disarmament 2003 298
illicit transfers, Africa 2001 170
increase in the 1990s 2001 252
insurgent firearms 2001 77–83
trends 2001 78
intrinsic supply costs 2007 263, 2007 267–9
Inventarium Security, Research & Development (Portugal) 2011 92
inventory management, US Army 2002 259, 2002 260–1
investment, effects of small arms misuse 2003 131, 2003 144–5
IOM see International Organization for Migration
IPI see International Peace Institute
IPMT see International Peace Monitoring Team
IPPNW see International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
IRA see Irish Republican Army
Iran
control measures
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 123, 2007 125–6
MANPADS 2007 125–6
exports
ammunition 2009 16
168
annual value 2001 148
human rights 2004 128, 2004 132, 2004 133
irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 2007 99, 2007 100, 2007 104, 2007 106
list of importers 2005 107, 2006 77
transparency 2006 65, 2006 80, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 8, 2009 50, 2010 8, 2010 13,
2010 16, 2011 15, 2011 17
unreported 2009 8, 2009 31
value 2001 2004 102, 2004 103, 2004 104
value 2002 2005 100
value 2003 2006 68, 2006 70
illicit transfers from
to Hezbollah in Lebanon 2007 91–2, 2009 322
to Iraq 2002 132, 2004 48
to Liberia 2005 169
to non-state actors 2002 130–1
to Palestine, Karine A affair 2002 93–4
to RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 173
to Somalia 2007 94
to the Sudanese Government 2001 174
illicit transfers to, brokers 2001 106
imports 2005 103
Mojahideen al-Khalq insurgency 2002 90
non-state actors, support for 2002 130–1
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 276
pro-government armed groups 2010 264
production 2002 17
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2002 50, 2002 51, 2002 52, 2007 15, 2007 19
light weapons 2008 34
most popular small arms 2001 19, 2001 20
RPG-7 manufacture 2004 36
survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 16, 2002 18, 2002 19, 2002 57
unlicensed 2007 16
stockpiles
civilian holdings 2007 47–8, 2007 57
insurgents 2002 82, 2002 90
military 2002 77, 2005 86, 2005 88, 2006 48, 2006 57
police 2005 89, 2006 43
Iran-Contra Affair, brokers 2001 101, 2001 107
Iran-Iraq war, Bulgarian producers 2003 43
Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) 2010 264
Iraq
ammunition
stockpiles 2008 91, 2008 93
undocumented transfers 2010 27
anti-tank guided weapons 2008 20
arms management responsibilities 2008 58–9
169
attacks on teachers 2009 204
brokering 2004 165
conflict
assault rifles used by US troops 2004 28–9
coalition combat deaths 2005 250–1
deaths 2005 229, 2005 234–5, 2005 237, 2005 239, 2005 240, 2005 244–7, 2005
252–3, 2005 255, 2005 258
DDR and weapons reduction 2004 49–50, 2005 72, 2005 73, 2005 291
demand for small arms 2006 147–8
dispersal of weapons 2008 60–1
displaced persons 2001 2002 196
diversion
arms from Bosnia and Herzegovina 2008 122
US weapons 2008 125, 2008 126
firearm homicides 2002–2006 2007 82
illicit transfers to, arms embargoes 2002 132, 2002 133, 2004 100, 2004 128, 2004 266
imports 2006 74
irresponsible transfers to 2007 73, 2007 74, 2007 81–5, 2007 102
pistols and revolvers 2009 22
improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2008 14, 2008 61, 2010 123
light weapons use 2011 23–4
M72 light anti-tank weapon 2011 27
MANPADS 2004 77, 2004 90
attacks on aircraft 2008 13
masculinity and firearms 2005 211
military procurement 2006 22
non-state actors
foreign government support for 2002 130–1
light weapons holdings 2008 32
non-state armed groups 2010 121
firearms 2010 122
post-conflict 2005 199, 2005 268
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 270, 2007 276
private security companies 2011 101
abuses 2011 121–2
armed 2011 116
firearm types 2011 117–19
illicit arms possession 2011 120
personnel 2011 105
stockpile management 2011 121
production
AK series rifles 2001 17
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2007 15, 2007 27
light weapons 2008 34
most popular small arms 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 18, 2002 19, 2002 57
170
RPG-7 2004 35, 2004 36, 2004 37
stockpiles 2003 79–80, 2004 3, 2004 43, 2004 44–50, 2004 54
civilian holdings 2005 73, 2005 90, 2005 91, 2007 47–8
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
national registration data 2007 50
disarmament 2005 71, 2005 72, 2005 73
insurgents 2001 80, 2001 82, 2002 82, 2002 90, 2002 92
MANPADS 2004 84
military 2002 77, 2005 88, 2006 38, 2006 53
police 2005 89
thefts from 2004 71–2
Sunni Awakening Councils 2009 233, 2009 236
surplus weapons transferred to 2008 79, 2008 81
United States production 2004 11
urban political armed violence 2007 173
Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund (IRRF), weapons bought with 2007 82–4
Iraqi Body Count 2005 229
Iraqi Civil Defence Corps 2004 49
Iraqi Security Forces (ISF), stockpile security and diversions 2007 81–3
IRC see International Rescue Committee
Ireland
see also Irish Republican Army (IRA); Northern Ireland
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
civilian ownership 2003 64, 2007 39, 2007 44
changing patterns of 2007 63
control measures, civilian ownership 2007 44
exports
national reporting 2002 119, 2002 120, 2002 122
to the United States 2004 124
imports 2005 104
shotgun shell parts 2010 26
military procurement 2006 16, 2006 30
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
production 2005 61
IRG see International Resource Group on Disarmament and Security in the Horn of Africa
IRGC see Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps
Irian Jaya see West Papua
Irish Republican Army (IRA)
see also Real IRA
craft production in Colombia 2006 223
decommissioning 2006 260, 2007 44
disarmament 2002 292–3, 2003 284–6, 2006 260
guided light weapons holdings 2008 33
illicit transfers from, to Colombia 2004 130
illicit transfers to
from Libya 2002 129
using the internet 2001 188
171
mortars 2002 73
prison campaign 2010 165–6
stockpiles 2002 88–9, 2003 72
irresponsible small arms transfers 2007 73–107
armed conflict 2007 75–81, 2007 98–107
human rights violations 2007 75–81, 2007 98–107
stockpile security and risk of diversion 2007 81–6
IRRF see Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund
ISACS see International Small Arms Control Standards
ISAF see International Security Assistance Force
Isatabu Freedom Movement (IFM) (Solomon Islands) 2003 35, 2004 288, 2004 292–3
ISER see Institute for Religious Studies
ISF see Iraqi Security Forces
Ishapore Self-Loading Rifle (SLR), Nepal 2003 113
Ishevsky Mekhanichesky Zavod (IMZ) (Russian Federation) 2003 19–20, 2004 14, 2004 15,
2004 16, 2004 122
Islam
Kyrgyzstan 2004 310–11, 2004 320, 2004 324
Sudan 2007 318
Yemen 2003 169, 2003 170–1
Islamic Courts Union (ICU) (Somalia), guided light weapons holdings 2008 33
Islamic Jihad 2002 131, 2003 78
Quds rocket production 2008 15
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) 2002 102, 2004 310, 2004 320, 2004 324
Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) see Hamas
Islamic Salvation Front (Front Islamique du Salut - FIS) (Algeria) 2007 77
Islamist militants 2003 33
Algeria 2007 77
Middle East stockpiles 2003 79–80
Somalia 2007 92–4
Yemen 2003 170–1
Isle of Man, tax havens and brokers 2001 105
isolation, urban violence 2007 162
Israel
ammunition, diversion 2008 52
brokering 2001 106–7, 2004 161
civilian firearms
licences 2011 281
prohibited and restricted 2011 270
user regulation 2011 276
control measures
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 123, 2007 125–6
International Tracing Instrument 2006 100–1
MANPADS 2007 125–6
UN Programme of Action 2002 222
export controls 2009 67
enforcement 2009 86
172
exceptions 2009 78
licensing authorities 2009 87, 2009 89
licensing systems 2009 71, 2009 74
re-export provisions 2009 84
transfer criteria 2009 91, 2009 93
exports
annual value 2001 148
to Colombia 2004 129, 2004 130, 2005 161, 2006 236
disturbing transfers 2001 155
human rights 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131
to India 2003 112
irresponsible transfers from 2007 99, 2007 100, 2007 104, 2007 106
list of importers 2005 107, 2005 108, 2006 76
military firearms 2009 33, 2009 35
military small arms and light weapons 2009 24
to Myanmar 2004 131
official data on 2002 123
pistols and revolvers 2009 20, 2009 42
to the Republic of the Congo 2003 261, 2003 263
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 23
transparency 2001 155, 2004 117, 2005 110, 2005 112, 2005 113, 2006 65, 2006 80,
2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 13, 2010 16, 2011 16
to the United States 2009 21
unreported 2009 8, 2009 31
value 2001 2004 104
value 2002 2005 97, 2005 103
value 2003 2006 68, 2006 71
human rights violations 2007 76, 2007 79–80
illicit transfers from 2001 155
to Angola 2002 132
to Colombia 2001 106–7
to Eritrea 2002 136
to Rwanda 2002 132
to Sudanese rebels 2001 174
imports
ammunition 2009 16, 2009 17
customs data 2002 126
irresponsible transfers to 2007 76, 2007 79–80, 2007 102
list of exporters 2005 103, 2005 105
selected transfers 1999–2001 2002 147
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 24
transparency 2001 155
from the United States 2001 153, 2001 154, 2001 155, 2002 86, 2004 120, 2004 121
value 2001 2004 101, 2004 108, 2004 110
value 2002 2005 107
value 2003 2006 76
military procurement 2006 16, 2006 20, 2006 30
173
non-state actors, foreign government support for 2002 130
policing 2004 220, 2004 222
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 276
production
financial indicators of main companies 2000 2002 21
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2002 45, 2007 11, 2007 15, 2007 18
light weapons 2008 34
manufacturing sectors 2005 60, 2005 61
mortars 2004 33
most important companies 2002 20, 2003 15
most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 20
RPG-7 variants 2004 36
sub-machine guns 2004 30, 2004 31
survey of producers 2001 39, 2001 52, 2002 16, 2002 17, 2002 18, 2002 19, 2002
35–6, 2002 57, 2004 11
Uzi sub-machine gun 2001 19
rubber bullets 2005 16
Spike ATGW 2008 20
stockpiles 2003 77–8
civilian holdings 2003 77, 2005 90, 2005 91
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
unregistered 2007 55
distribution of firearms 2001 66
insurgent weapons 2002 90–4, 2004 93
military 2002 259, 2005 86, 2005 88
police 2005 89
stockpile security 2004 56
surplus weapons 2009 69
war with Lebanon 2009 317, 2009 319, 2009 321–3
young men and small arms 2006 297
Israel Defense Forces (IDF)
human rights violations 2007 79
in Lebanon 2009 319
stockpiles 2003 77
Israel Military Industries (IMI)
company profile 2000 2002 35–6
exports 2002 123, 2003 112
financial indicators 2000 2002 21
illicit transfers to Colombia, brokers 2001 106–7
licensed production 2002 45, 2007 11
major producers by weapon type 2004 27, 2004 29
manufacturing sectors 2005 60, 2005 61
most important companies 2003 15
most popular assault rifles 2001 20
RPG-7 variants 2004 36
sub-machine guns 2004 31
174
survey of producers 2001 39, 2002 18, 2004 11
Uzi sub-machine gun 2001 19, 2001 20
ISS see Institute for Security Studies
issued weapons, diversion 2008 51
Italy
ammunition
procurement 2010 30, 2010 31
transfers, transparency 2010 11
brokering
jurisdiction 2004 163–4
legislation 2004 161
licensing 2004 153, 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 156, 2004 157
penalties 2004 160
destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 97
disarmament 2009 162
end-user certification 2008 167–8, 2008 171–3
export controls
exceptions 2009 78
licensing authorities 2009 89
licensing systems 2009 71, 2009 74
transfer criteria 2009 91, 2009 93, 2009 95
exports
to Africa 2003 118
ammunition 2006 67
annual value 2001 148
average annual value 2001 147
classification of 2004 107
to Colombia 2004 129, 2004 130, 2005 161, 2006 236
Comtrade data 2009 8, 2009 12
to Cyprus 2004 108
end-use assurances 2002 250
human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132
irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 2007 99, 2007 100, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007
103, 2007 104, 2007 105, 2007 106, 2007 107
list of importers 2005 106, 2005 107, 2005 108, 2005 109, 2006 75, 2006 76, 2006 77,
2006 78
military firearms 2009 34
military small arms and light weapons 2009 23
muzzle-loading firearms 2002 114
national reporting 2001 150, 2002 119, 2002 120
pistols and revolvers 2001 146, 2001 147, 2002 114, 2009 20, 2009 21, 2009 41
shotgun shell parts 2010 26, 2010 27
shotgun shells 2010 25
shotguns 2002 114
sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 18, 2009 45
sporting rifles 2002 114
top exporters 2004 2007 74
175
transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 74, 2007 87, 2007 88, 2009 49, 2010
15, 2011 16
to the United States 2004 124, 2009 21
value 2000 2003 103, 2003 104
value 2001 2004 100, 2004 101, 2004 104
value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 100, 2005 103
value 2003 2006 65, 2006 68, 2006 71
to Venezuela 2007 81, 2007 107
gangs
gun ownership 2010 112, 2010 113
membership 2010 106, 2010 107
illicit transfers from
to Bosnia and Herzegovina 2002 133
to Rwanda 2002 132
illicit transfers to, smuggling 2003 71
imports
Comtrade data 2009 12
container freight 2003 107
list of exporters 2005 102, 2005 103, 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 68, 2006 70, 2006 71,
2006 73
MANPADS 2004 87
pistols and revolvers 2009 22
shotgun shell parts 2010 26, 2010 27
from US 1990–1999 2001 154
value 2000 2003 103
value 2001 2004 110
value 2002 2005 107
value 2003 2006 76
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
production
exports to the United States 1991–1996 2001 27
global ranking of countries 2001 15, 2001 16
licensed 2002 45, 2002 51, 2007 15, 2007 18
light weapons 2008 34
MANPADS 2004 81
manufacturing sectors 2005 48, 2005 54
most important companies 2002 20, 2002 21, 2003 15
most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 19, 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 32, 2001 52, 2002 36–7, 2002 57
stockpiles
Carabinieri 2001 72
civilian holdings 2003 64, 2003 68, 2007 47–8, 2007 63
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
military 2006 57
transportation
customs regulations 2010 57
licensing 2010 53
176
ITI see International Tracing Instrument
Al-Ittihad Al-Islami (Ethiopia) 2007 93
Ivorian Popular Movement for the Great West (Mouvement populaire ivoirien du Grand Ouest)
2006 256
Ivory Coast see Côte d’Ivoire
Izhmash (Izhevsk Arms Factory) (Russian Federation)
AK family 2001 17
AN-94 assault rifle 2003 24
company profile 2000 2002 23–5, 2002 25, 2002 55
exports 2002 123, 2004 122
financial indicators 2002 21, 2002 27
intellectual property rights 2007 10, 2007 24
licensed production 2007 9, 2007 16, 2007 19
major producers by weapon type 2004 27, 2004 29
manufacturing sectors 2005 57
most important companies 2003 15
most popular handguns 2001 18, 2001 20
survey of producers 2003 19–20, 2004 11, 2004 14, 2004 15
units produced 1999–2002 2004 16
Izhmash Joint Stock Company (Russian Federation) 2001 33
Jaish al-Mahdi see Mahdi Army/Jaish al-Mahdi
Jakarta (Indonesia), urbanization 2007 162
Jamaica
costs of small arms violence 2006 196
Crime Observatory 2008 297
effects of crime and violence 2004 191
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 209, 2001 233, 2001 240, 2001 241
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 188
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
police, unlawful shootings by 2004 238
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
small arms per person 2008 87, 2008 88
stockpiles 2004 53, 2004 54
law enforcement 2006 40
military 2006 44, 2006 51
surplus weapons 2008 89
young men and small arms 2006 306
Jamiat-e-Islami (Afghanistan), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32
‘janjaweed’ (Sudan), armed violence 2010 85
Japan
brokering 2004 161
civilian firearms
prohibited and restricted 2011 270
user regulation 2011 279
civilian gun ownership 2010 114
control measures
177
control of civilian ownership 2002 264
draft ASEAN declaration on small arms 2002 215
International Tracing Instrument 2006 100–1
end-user certification 2008 168, 2008 171–3
export controls 2009 66
enforcement 2009 86
licensing authorities 2009 89
licensing systems 2009 74
transfer criteria 2009 93
exports
annual value 2001 148
classification of 2004 107
Comtrade data 2009 12
human rights 2004 131, 2004 132
irresponsible transfers from 2007 104, 2007 105
list of importers 2005 106, 2005 107, 2005 109, 2006 75, 2006 78
non-military shotguns 2002 114
reporting of 2009 27
sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 18, 2009 45
sporting rifles 2002 114
transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17
value 2001 2004 101–2, 2004 105
value 2002 2005 104
value 2003 2006 71
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 203, 2001 209, 2001 239, 2001 240
gangs
gun ownership 2010 112, 2010 113, 2010 115
membership 2010 106, 2010 107
illicit transfers to, ant trade from US 2002 135
imports
Comtrade data 2009 8, 2009 12
list of exporters 2005 105, 2006 68, 2006 70, 2006 73
military small arms and light weapons 2009 25
from the United States 2004 120
value 2001 2004 100, 2004 108, 2004 110
value 2002 2005 107
value 2003 2006 76
policing 2007 184
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 277
private security companies 2011 103
personnel 2011 105
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
illicit 2001 45
licensed 2007 15
light weapons 2008 35
MANPADS 2004 82
178
manufacturing sectors 2005 59, 2005 61, 2005 64
survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 57
stockpiles 2005 82
civilian holdings 2001 239, 2005 80
correlation to GDP 2007 58
unregistered 2007 55
distribution of firearms 2001 68
law enforcement 2005 78, 2005 85, 2006 40
MANPADS 2004 84
military 2005 85
surplus ammunition 2007 126
suicide 2004 187
transportation, licensing 2010 52–3
Japanese Assistance Team for Small Arms Management in Cambodia (JSAC) 2006 119, 2006
123, 2006 125, 2006 134
Jashari, Adem 2005 219–20
Javelin ATGWs 2004 33, 2004 82, 2004 84, 2008 20, 2011 30, 2011 32
JEM see Justice and Equality Movement; Mahdi Army/Jaish al-Mahdi
Jensen, Steffen 2003 305–6
Jericho Semi-Automatic Pistol 2002 35
Jersey, tax havens and brokers 2001 105
Jet-Lease International, tax havens 2001 104
Jewish settlements, stockpiles 2003 77
J.G.Anshütz (Germany) 2005 54
Jikany Nuer people (Sudan), tribal conflict 2010 288
JIUs see Joint Integrated Units
Johannesburg (South Africa)
crime 2007 171
carjackings 2007 172
victimization rates 2007 173
urban violence 2007 163, 2007 173
urbanization 2007 168
John Inglis (Canada) 2002 45
Johnson Thomas, Brian 2007 260
Joint Integrated Units (JIUs) (Sudan) 2007 322, 2007 324, 2007 331, 2010 280, 2010 289–90
joint ventures
definitions 2002 42
licensed production 2007 10
Jonglei State (Sudan)
disarmament campaign 2007 333–6
tribal conflict 2010 286–8
Jordan
diversion of weapons from Peru to Colombia 2008 113, 2008 120, 2008 123, 2008 134,
2008 136
exports 2001 148
illicit transfers from
to Colombia 2001 187
179
to Sudanese Government 2001 174
imports
list of exporters 2005 104, 2006 72
MANPADS 2011 34
from the United States 2001 154
value 2002 2005 106, 2005 107
value 2003 2006 74
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 277
production 2002 19, 2002 57
stockpiles 2003 79
civilian holdings 2003 79, 2005 90, 2005 91
national registration data 2007 50
military 2005 88
police 2005 89
transparency 2005 110
journalists, conflict deaths 2005 235–8
Joy Slovakia 2008 127–8
JP Sauer & Sohn (Germany) 2002 21, 2002 34, 2002 39
JSAC see Japanese Assistance Team for Small Arms Management in Cambodia
Juba Declaration on Unity and Integration (2006) 2007 319, 2007 323, 2007 324, 2007 340–4,
2010 280
Jubilee School, Philadelphia (United States) 2007 185
judicial systems
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 181, 2007 182, 2007 183–4,
2007 184–5
urban armed violence 2007 179
Jumbish-e-Milli (Afghanistan), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32
‘jungle justice’, Bakassi Boys (Nigeria) 2006 251
jurisdiction, over brokering 2002 255–6
justice, disarmament 2002 306, 2003 311–12
Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) (Sudan)
covert transfers to 2007 92
weapon-related commitments 2010 317
juvenile prisoners/detainees 2004 231
Ka Pa Sa (Myanmar) 2001 43
Kabila, Laurent 2001 108–9
kaçaks (outlaws) 2005 210
Kahr Arms (United States) 2005 54
Kakuma refugee camp (Kenya), violence 2002 168–9, 2002 170, 2002 196
Kalashnikov culture 2002 70
Kalashnikov, Mikhail T. 2001 17, 2001 62, 2002 25
intellectual property rights 2007 24, 2007 26
Kalashnikov rifles
ammunition 2007 260
Burundi, civilian ownership 2007 216
exports, to India from Bulgaria 2003 112
180
Georgia 2003 200–1
identifying 2009 111–16
intellectual property rights 2007 10
popularity 2007 258–9
prices 2007 257–72
production
licensed 2007 9, 2007 11, 2007 23–5
Russian Federation 2000 2002 24
Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 268
Romanian exports to Uganda 2003 110
transfers, from Bulgaria 2003 108
unlicensed production 2007 23–5
varieties 2007 259, 2007 260
Kaliningrad, destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 79
Kalla, Jusuf 2009 252
Kalthok village (Sudan), tribal violence 2010 285
Kampala (Uganda), carjackings 2007 172
Kano (Nigeria), urban violence 2007 167
Kansas City (United States), Gun Experiment 2006 312
kanun (customary law) 2005 207, 2005 208, 2005 210, 2005 211–17, 2005 219–20
Kapoeta (Sudan) 2007 336–9
Karachi (Pakistan)
urban political armed violence 2007 175
urbanization 2007 162
Karakos 2005 308, 2005 312
Karamoja (Uganda) 2007 289–301, 2007 311
disarmament 2009 167
Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) 2001 46
weapon-related commitments 2010 317
Karenni Army 2001 46
Karimojong (Uganda)
ammunition 2007 290–301, 2007 311
weapons collection 2002 291
Karine A 2002 91, 2002 93–4
Kariyawasam, Prasad 2007 118–19, 2007 120–1, 2007 124–6
Karzai, Hamid 2003 312, 2011 101
Kashmir
illicit production in Pakistan 2001 47, 2003 33
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 32
prices 2002 65, 2002 68
stockpiles 2002 100, 2002 101
al-Kassar, Monzer 2001 101, 2001 107, 2008 120, 2008 122, 2008 124, 2008 134, 2008 136
Kauer, Major Erwin 2007 84
Kaunas Experimental Enterprise (Lithuania) 2003 48
Kazakhstan
ammunition, stockpiles 2008 91, 2008 93
civilian firearms
181
carrying in public 2011 293
licences 2011 280
prohibited and restricted 2011 270
storage requirements 2011 293
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 277
destruction programmes
MANPADS 2008 101
surplus weapons 2008 96, 2008 98–9
disarmament 2009 162
exports 2001 148, 2004 132
imports 2006 72
sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 47
Kyrgyzstan 2004 311
production 2001 16, 2001 30, 2001 34, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2005 56
light weapons 2008 35
stockpiles, military 2001 72, 2001 179
Kazan (Russian Federation), gang violence 2010 137
Kaze-Forces pour la défense de la democratie (Kaze-FDD) (Burundi) 2007 203
KB-S (Ukraine) 2003 49
KBP Instrument Design Bureau (Russia) 2002 26, 2003 15, 2005 60
Keisler Police Supply (United States) 2007 82
Kekelidze, Nikusha 2003 200
Kemijska Industrija Kamnik (Slovenia) 2003 46
Kenney, George 2005 234
Kenya
ammunition, diversion 2008 51, 2008 52
brokering, controls 2002 255
civilian firearms
prohibited and restricted 2011 270
storage requirements 2011 292, 2011 293
transfer regulation 2011 283
use regulation 2011 284
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 277, 2011 278
conflict
child soldiers 2001 229
internally displaced persons 2001 225, 2002 196
militarization of refugee camps 2001 227
violence in refugee camps 2002 168–9, 2002 170, 2002 196
control measures
brokering 2002 255
Nairobi Declaration (2000) 2001 262–4
Transfer Controls Initiative 2007 130
crime, carjackings 2007 172
demand for small arms 2006 148
disarmament 2003 312, 2009 163
effects of small arms misuse 2003 141
exports
182
irresponsible transfers from 2007 104, 2007 106
to Sudan 2004 133
firearm violence and crime 2004 194
firearm-related injuries 2002 166
illicit transfers from
to the Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 282
to Rwanda 2002 132
to Sudan 2007 325
illicit transfers to, instability 2001 175
imports
irresponsible transfers to 2007 102
list of exporters 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 72
trends 2000 2003 117, 2003 118
value 2002 2005 106, 2005 107
value 2003 2006 74
MANPADS attacks on aircraft 2008 12, 2008 13
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 32
policing, corruption 2004 233
prices
AK-47s 2003 86
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 277
private security companies
armed 2011 114
personnel 2011 105
public perception 2011 106
regulation 2011 150
production
ammunition 2005 13
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2002 43, 2002 44–6, 2002 45
survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 57
sexual violence 2001 213
stockpiles 2003 83–6, 2004 57
Kenya Ordnance Factories Corporation (KOFC) 2002 44–6
Kerambit Industries (Malaysia) 2001 43
KFOR see Kosovo Force
Al-Kharj Arsenal (Saudi Arabia) 2002 18, 2002 51, 2002 52–3
Khartoum Peace Agreement (1997) 2007 321–2, 2010 278
Khmer People’s National Liberation Armed Forces (KPNLAF) (Cambodia) 2006 120–1
Khmer People’s National Liberation Front (KPNLF) (Cambodia) 2006 120, 2006 125, 2006
126
Khmer Rouge see Party of Democratic Kampuchea
kidnappings see abductions
Kiir, Salva 2007 319, 2007 321, 2007 322–3, 2010 279–80, 2010 292
Kim Jong Il 2006 49
kinetic energy weapons 2004 81
police use 2011 81–2
183
Kingston (Jamaica)
gangs
gun ownership 2010 112, 2010 113, 2010 115
membership 2010 106, 2010 107, 2010 108
Kintex (Bulgaria) 2003 44
Kiribati
civilian holdings 2004 283
gun control measures 2004 302, 2004 303
stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284
KLA see Kosovo Liberation Army
Kleck, Gary 2004 61
Klein, Yair 2001 106–7, 2001 108
Kmart, ammunition 2005 21
KMBDB see Kolomna Machine-Building Design Bureau
KMP see Kovrov Mechanical Plant
knife/sharp instrument injuries
Burundi 2007 213, 2007 214
Colombia 2006 225, 2006 238
costs of 2006 199, 2006 203–7
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 279
Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 2006 172, 2006 183
knives 2004 107–8
use by girl gang members 2010 197
KNLA see Karen National Liberation Army
know-how contracts 2007 10
Kolélas, Bernard 2003 256–8, 2003 260–1, 2003 264–5, 2003 268–9
Kolingba, André 2005 303, 2005 305, 2005 306, 2005 312, 2005 314
Kolomna Machine-Building Design Bureau (KMBDB) (Russia) 2003 110
Komsomol, Georgia 2003 197
Kong, Gordon 2007 324
Kony, Joseph 2006 275, 2006 277–8, 2006 282, 2006 284, 2006 288–9, 2007 325–6, 2010
288–9
Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of see North Korea
Korea, Republic of see South Korea
Korean People’s Army (KPA) 2006 49
Kornet ATGWs 2011 30
Kosovo
conflict deaths 2005 240, 2005 241–2, 2005 246–7, 2005 252, 2005 253, 2005 255, 2005
258
conflict weapons, firearm violence and crime 2004 197
DDR and weapons reduction
conflict tracing 2006 111
KFOR peacebuilding 1999 to present 2001 177, 2002 290–1, 2002 302, 2003 280,
2003 293
participatory approaches 2002 313
peace agreement 2003 284
UNDP 2002–2003 2005 292
184
effects of small arms 2001 200–1
gun culture 2005 205–23
illicit transfers to 2001 177
insurgents and other non-state combatants 1999 2001 79
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 32
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
post-conflict violence 2005 271, 2005 272, 2009 230
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
seizures of illicit arms 2005 114
stockpiles
Albanian looted arms 1997 2001 201
civilian holdings 2003 65
looted Albanian weapons, prices 2002 68–9
violence and crime 2004 191, 2004 197
weapons collection 2009 124, 2009 125
weapons identification 2009 112
Kosovo Force (KFOR), weapons collection 2001 177, 2002 290–1, 2002 302, 2003 280, 2003
293
Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA)
conflict sourcing 2005 215, 2005 218–21
disarmament 2003 297
guided light weapons holdings 2008 32
gun culture 2005 206
illicit transfers to 2001 177
looted Albanian weapons 2002 68–9
outlaw tradition 2005 210
weapons collection 2002 290–1
Kosovo Protection Corps 2009 233, 2009 235
Kovrov Mechanical Plant (KMP) (Russian Federation) 2001 33, 2002 26, 2003 19, 2004 14,
2004 15, 2004 122
KPA see Korean People’s Army
KPNLAF see Khmer People’s National Liberation Armed Forces
KPNLF see Khmer People’s National Liberation Front
KPV heavy machine gun 2004 33
KSN Industries (Israel) 2002 18, 2002 35, 2002 45
licensed production 2007 18
Kurdish Democratic Party (KDP), firearms 2010 122
Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK)
guided light weapons holdings 2008 33
humanitarian commitments 2010 310
illicit transfers to 2001 176
resistance to 2010 261
Kurds, stockpiles 2001 80, 2001 82, 2003 79–80
Kuwait
exports, irresponsible transfers from 2007 106
imports 2005 107, 2006 76
customs data 2002 126
185
from the United States 2001 154, 2004 10–11, 2004 120
value 2001 2004 110
production 2002 19
stockpiles 2005 88, 2005 89
young men and small arms 2006 297
Kyrgyzstan 2004 5, 2004 309–27
alleged arms embargo violations, 2001 2002 132
exports, irresponsible transfers to Turkey 2007 106
gun culture 2005 213–14
imports 2002 147, 2006 72
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan 2002 102
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 263, 2007 277
production 2002 57
L1A1 assault rifle 2001 63
L85 automatic rifle 2006 55
L85A1 assault rifle 2001 63
Labora farm experiment (Uganda) 2009 233, 2009 236
LACROIX-Alsetex (France), less-lethal weapons 2011 72, 2011 81, 2011 85
LAF see Lebanese Armed Forces
Lagos (Nigeria) 2007 167, 2007 175
global cities 2007 163
slums 2007 168
Lake City Army Ammunition Plant (Missouri) 2001 27
Lakhani, Hemant 2004 162–3
Lakwena, Alice 2006 275
Lancet, The, Iraq conflict deaths 2005 229
land, co-operative conflict 2002 175
land disputes, Brazil, firearm homicides 2007 242
land grabbing, Cambodia 2006 133
Landmine Monitor Report 2002 243
landmines
see also anti-personnel mines; mines
Burundi, injuries caused by 2007 213, 2007 214
child soldiers 2001 230
destruction of 2009 182, 2009 302
Georgia 2003 203–4
global campaign 2001 276, 2001 280, 2002 64
norms 2003 221
Ottawa Convention (1997) 2002 205, 2008 9, 2008 94–5
seizures in Afghanistan 2003 76
violence clustering surveys 2005 240
Lango 2007 337
language, small arms in popular culture 2006 309–10
Lao PDR, prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 277
Laos, exports, human rights 2004 131
LAP see Local Administration Police
186
lapis lazuli, conflict goods 2002 142
laser weapons 2011 84, 2011 86
Lashkar-e-Taiba, membership 2010 118
lashkars (Pakistan) 2010 272
Lasserre S.A. 2004 20, 2004 123
Latin America
see also Central America; South America
control measures
Brasilia Declaration (2000) 2002 212
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 184
costs of small arms violence 2006 195
economic effects of conflict 2001 231
firearm homicides 2003 138, 2004 53, 2004 175, 2004 176, 2004 177, 2004 178, 2004
199–200
gang violence 2010 138–42
illicit transfers 2001 83, 2003 116–17
insurgents and other non-state combatants 1999 2001 79
non-fatal crime 2004 179
prison gangs, firearms 2010 173
private security companies, armed 2011 114, 2011 115
production 2004 7, 2004 16–26
stockpiles 2003 87–91, 2004 50–4, 2004 60, 2004 71–2, 2005 77, 2005 162
civilian holdings 2007 57
transfers 2003 114–17
from Czech Republic 2003 109
urban violence 2007 164, 2007 170–1, 2007 184
young men, proportion of population 2006 299
Latin America and the Caribbean, firearm homicides and suicides 2008 219
Latin Kings gang (Ecuador) 2010 212, 2010 219, 2010 220
Latortue, Gérard 2011 234
Latvia
brokering 2004 153, 2004 161, 2004 163
diversion of weapons to Somalia 2008 120, 2008 124, 2008 127
EU membership 2008 103
exports 2001 148, 2004 132
imports 2002 147
grenade launchers 2011 26
military procurement 2006 15, 2006 30
NATO membership 2008 103
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 277
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
receipt of excess US military firearms 2002 86
transparency 2005 110
Laurance, Ed 2001 251
law enforcement see policing
law and order
see also customary law; humanitarian law; legislation
187
government spending 2003 144–5
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 266, 2007 281, 2007 282
South Sudan 2007 336–9
Yemen 2003 169–70, 2003 181–5
Laws of War 2002 179, 2002 179–81, 2002 185–6
lead, ammunition 2005 16–17
League of Arab States, illicit trade 2005 86
leakages see diversions; theft
leased weapons, international transfers 2009 9
Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) 2009 321
Lebanon
see also Hezbollah; Southern Lebanon Armed Violence Assessment
conflict, history of 2009 318–23
exports, irresponsible transfers from 2007 94, 2007 106
gun ownership 2009 329–30, 2009 331–2
illicit transfers from 2002 132, 2004 132
to Somalia 2007 94
illicit transfers to 2001 103, 2007 91–2, 2009 322
arms embargo on 2007 74
imports 2001 154, 2004 108, 2004 110, 2005 104, 2005 106
irresponsible transfers to 2007 91–2
masculinity and firearms 2005 211
non-state actors
foreign government support for 2002 130
Islamic militants 2003 79
light weapons holdings 2008 32
MANPADS 2004 89, 2004 93
Palestinian stockpiles 2001 80
non-state armed groups, firearms 2010 122
post-conflict, survey 2009 323–33
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 277
production 2002 19
security perceptions 2009 317, 2009 327–9, 2009 331
Shaba Farms 2009 319, 2009 321
stockpiles 2003 79
civilian holdings 2004 47, 2005 90, 2005 91
insurgent 2001 80, 2004 89, 2004 93
military 2005 88
police 2005 89
LED see light-emitting diode
Lee Enfield rifles, Yemen 2003 174
legacy arsenals, People’s War militaries 2006 47, 2006 48, 2006 50
legality spectrum 2001 141
legislation
Australia 2004 184–6
brokering 2004 147, 2004 162–6
effectiveness 2004 182, 2004 186
188
firearms
El Salvador 2008 293
South Africa 2008 183, 2008 186–7, 2008 198–9
United States 2008 286–7
global norms 2003 223–6
Great Lakes region and Horn of Africa 2002 262
licensed production 2007 27–8, 2007 30, 2007 31
national 2004 66–71, 2004 255
national control of civilian ownership 2002 263–71
norms 2003 232
Pacific 2004 277, 2004 300–3
self-defence 2004 181
transfers and human rights 2004 133
United Kingdom 2004 188–9, 2004 192
United States 2004 12, 2004 66–7
Yemen 2003 183–4
Leibacher, Friedrich 2002 266
Lekota, Mosiuoa 2007 85, 2007 86
Lekoumou (Republic of the Congo), militia holdings 2003 267–8
Lesotho
civilian firearms 2003 239, 2003 240–1, 2007 172
crime, carjackings 2007 172
destruction programmes 2003 244
disarmament 2009 163
firearm violence and crime 2004 193
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 277
weapons collection programmes 2003 279
less-lethal weapons
see also non-lethal weapons
acousitc weapons 2011 83
crowd control 2011 87–9
deaths by 2011 88, 2011 91, 2011 92
definition 2011 72–3
directed-energy weapons 2011 85–6
electric-shock weapons 2011 85
kinetic energy weapons 2011 81–2
laser weapons 2011 84, 2011 86
LED-based systems 2011 86
police weapons 2011 4–5, 2011 69, 2011 80–6
private security companies, use by 2011 140
rheostatic 2011 83–6
TASERs 2011 85, 2011 89–92
use of 2011 89–92
lethality of firearms
civilian holdings 2007 63–4
costs of small arms violence 2006 199, 2006 200–1
189
demand for small arms 2006 142–3
factors affecting 2001 211, 2001 212
stockpiles, evaluating weapons collection programmes 2002 315
Letter of Acceptance (LOA), state-to-state transfers 2008 166
Levdan (Israel) 2003 261, 2003 263
LFL see Light Fighter Lethality
liability suits, United States 2003 18
Liberation Army of Presevo, Medvedija, and Bujanovac (UCPMB) 2003 297
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) (Tamil Tigers)
conflict use 2005 185, 2005 187, 2005 196
diversion of weapons to 2008 121
firearms 2010 120, 2010 123
forced recruitment of women 2002 171
guided light weapons holdings 2008 33
humanitarian commitments 2010 311
illicit transfers to 2001 176, 2001 182–3, 2002 129, 2003 112
MANPADS 2004 89
mortars 2002 73
production, light weapons 2008 15
repair and sporadic production 2005 47
reserve stockpiles 2001 80
RPG-7 2004 37
sea transport network 2002 144
Liberia
armed groups
children in 2006 251
DDR programmes 2006 259
group goals 2005 189, 2005 193
sources of weapons 2006 255
stockpiles 2003 82
transfer of weapons to 2006 256
typology 2006 249
weapons management 2006 257
assault rifles diverted to 2008 119, 2009 108
brokering 2004 103, 2004 144, 2004 145, 2004 164
child soldiers 2009 197
conflict
arms sourcing to 2005 160, 2005 165, 2005 167–9, 2005 172–3, 2006 255
conflict goods 2002 141, 2002 142
conflict weapons and crime 2004 196
percentage of population killed in 2001 210
culture of violence 2001 205
DDR and weapons reduction 2006 259, 2009 185, 2009 187
ammunition 2005 30
collapse of programme 2003 2004 57
ECOMOG 1996–1997 2002 288–9, 2002 302, 2003 279, 2003 292, 2003 307
funding 2005 285
190
measuring success 2005 284
peace agreements 2003 282, 2003 283
problems with 2006 261–2
UNDP weapons reduction 2004–2006 2005 290, 2005 291
UNOMIL peacekeeping 1993–1997 2002 288–9, 2003 283, 2003 293, 2003 307
destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 101
diversion
ammunition from Côte d’Ivoire 2008 121, 2008 123, 2008 134
sub-machine guns from Slovakia 2008 115, 2008 116, 2008 117, 2008 121
weapons and ammunition from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 2008 121
illicit transfers from
to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 120–3, 2001 171–2, 2002 132, 2003 297, 2004 132
to Rwanda 2002 132
illicit transfers to 2002 132, 2003 118–19, 2004 103, 2004 112, 2004 131, 2005 106
embargoes 2002 132, 2004 127, 2004 128, 2004 269
violations of end-user certificates 2002 134
imports irresponsible transfers to 2007 103
insurgents, stockpiles 2003 82
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 32
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
post-conflict violence 2009 230
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 277
shelling of Monrovia (2003) 2005 182–3, 2008 11–12
stockpiles, civilian holdings, correlation to GDP 2007 60
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
weapons collection 2009 124, 2009 125, 2009 240
West African Moratorium 2001 260
young men and small arms 2006 305
Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD)
ammunition 2006 258
command and control 2006 253, 2006 265
conflict sourcing 2005 167–9
DDR programme 2006 261–2
guided light weapons holdings 2008 32
illicit transfers to 2003 118–19, 2006 256
MANPADS 2006 256
shelling of Monrovia 2003 2005 182–3
shelling of Monrovia (2003) 2008 11–12
stockpiles 2003 82
typology of armed groups 2006 249
weapons management 2006 257
Liberman, Ruth 2005 152–3
Libya
arms embargoes against 2002 133, 2004 268
Chad 2005 316–17
exports, human rights 2004 130
illicit transfers from
191
to the Central African Republic 2005 313, 2005 315
to the IRA 2002 129
to Liberia 2002 132, 2005 168
to North African states 2001 170–1
to Palestinian groups 2002 131
to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 120–3, 2001 171, 2001 172
to Rwanda 2004 132
to Somalia 2007 94
to Sudan 2001 174, 2007 92
illicit transfers to, brokers 2001 103
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 277
production 2002 19
licensed 2007 11, 2007 15
stockpiles
military 2005 88
People’s War strategy 2002 77
police 2005 89
support for non-state actors 2002 129, 2002 130, 2002 131
licence or permit to possess, civilian firearms 2011 281
licensed production 2001 9, 2002 10, 2002 40–54, 2002 43–8, 2007 7–32
Australia 2001 45
benefits 2007 10–12, 2007 13
costs 2007 10–12, 2007 13
definitions 2002 41–2, 2007 8
exports by licensees 2002 53–4
global 2007 22–3
Heckler & Koch 2002 41, 2002 48–53, 2002 53
India 2001 42
Indonesia 2001 43
irresponsible transfer of technology 2007 26–8
Middle East 2002 17, 2002 18, 2002 41, 2002 48–53
military 2007 7–32
most popular small arms 2001 19–21
Pakistan 2001 43
risks 2007 12–13
scope 2007 13–23
Singapore 2001 44
sub-Saharan Africa 2002 43–8
Tanzania 2005 14
transfers of weapons produced under 2007 28–31
trends 2001 12
Turkey 2001 39–40
Uzi sub-machine gun 2001 19
licensing systems 2004 66–71
ammunition 2005 21
Brazil 2004 69–71
brokering 2002 253–8, 2004 147, 2004 149, 2004 153–7, 2004 161, 2004 166
192
Canada 2002 86
China 2005 82
Colombia 2006 219–20, 2006 230
Czech Republic 2002 87
demand for small arms 2006 154–5, 2006 158
estimating private legal firearms 2001 84–6
Europe 2003 66–9, 2003 70–2
exports see export licences
firearm ownership, South Africa 2003 30–1
Iraq 2004 47
Ireland 2007 44
Israel 2003 77
Japan 2005 80
Latin America 2004 52
MANPADS 2005 132, 2005 133
Morocco 2005 87–8
national control of civilian ownership 2002 265, 2002 267–71
Pacific 2004 301–2
Pakistan 2002 297
South Africa 2001 45, 2005 75
Taiwan 2005 84
transfers and human rights 2004 125–6
transparency 2005 111
transportation 2010 50–3
Liechtenstein, Principality of, tax havens and brokers 2001 105
Lieshout, Atelier Van 2005 154
life cycle of small arms 2002 235
life expectancy, effects of small arms misuse 2003 131
life insurance, costs of small arms violence 2006 191
life stages, violence risk factors 2008 251–2
Light Fighter Lethality (LFL) projectiles 2003 25
light machine guns
ammunition types 2005 12
exports to Nepal 2003 113
Georgia 2003 203
as light weapons 2008 10
military procurement 2006 8, 2006 12, 2006 13, 2006 18
military stockpiles 2006 54
production 2004 31, 2004 34
licensed 2007 18
technological developments 2003 22
light mortars, stockpiles 2002 64
light vehicle, for weapons transport 2008 9
light weapons
ammunition
definition 2010 9
reporting 2006 66–7
193
technological developments 2010 33–4
transfers 2010 7–8, 2010 18–20, 2010 27–32, 2010 34–5
availability 2008 12–16
control 2005 123–38
craft production of 2008 15
definition 2011 5, 2011 10
definitions 2001 8, 2001 251, 2002 10, 2003 10, 2003 59–60, 2004 8, 2005 123–4, 2008
8–11, 2008 30, 2009 8–9, 2010 3, 2010 9
export data 2005 102
guided 2008 16–20
Iraq 2005 72, 2005 73
lethality 2008 11–12
manufacturing sectors 2005 57, 2005 58
portability 2008 9
post-conflict violence 2005 274
production 2004 14–16, 2005 44, 2005 57, 2005 58
production and values 2008 27–30, 2008 31
stockpiles 2002 70–3
threats from 2008 30–1
trade 2011 22–35
transfers
authorized 2011 4, 2011 9–35
estimating 2011 19–22
imports 2011 20–2
transparency 2011 12–14, 2011 35
transparency, transfers 2006 79
UN Register of Conventional Arms 2005 109–10
unguided 2008 20–7
US production 2005 44
light-emitting diode (LED)-based weapons 2011 86
Ligue Iteka 2007 197, 2007 200, 2007 210
limpet mines 2008 9
Linas–Marcoussis Peace Agreement (Côte d’Ivoire) 2011 196, 2011 197
Lisboa, Marcos 2007 238
Lissouba, Pascal
arms for UNITA 2001 119
militias 2003 256–8
stockpiles 2003 260–1, 2003 264–5, 2003 267–8
Lithuania
brokering 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 157, 2004 160, 2004 161
civilian firearms
carrying in public 2011 293
licences 2011 280, 2011 281
prohibited and restricted 2011 268, 2011 270
self-defence use 2011 287
use regulation 2011 286
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 277, 2011 279
194
disarmament 2009 163
EU membership 2008 103
imports 2002 147
from Germany 2001 150
grenade launchers 2011 26
MANPADS 2004 87
mortars 2011 25
single-shot disposable systems 2011 28
from the United States 2002 86
military procurement 2006 15, 2006 30
NATO membership 2008 103
norms 2003 234
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 277
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
survey of producers 2001 30, 2001 34, 2001 52, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 48
livestock
see also cattle rustling
Central African Republic 2005 321, 2005 322
effects of small arms misuse 2003 143, 2003 147
LIW (South Africa) 2001 19
Llama Gabilondo (Spain) 2001 32, 2002 37–8
lobbying, NGOs 2002 242
Local Administration Police (LAP) (Uganda), ammunition profile 2007 290, 2007 291, 2007
294, 2007 296–7, 2007 298
local arms races
civilian ownership 2007 61–2
demand for small arms 2006 144, 2006 145, 2006 148
young men and small arms 2006 304, 2006 307
local community non-governmental organizations, disarmament and development 2003 155–6
Local Defence Units (LDUs) (Uganda) 2006 287, 2007 295, 2007 296, 2007 297, 2007
299–300
local security arrangements (LSAs), South Sudan 2007 336–9
Lockheed Martin Corporation 2005 61
logging
Cambodia 2006 121–2, 2006 133
illegal, Madagascar 2011 185
Lokichokkio (Kenya) 2002 166
Lomé Peace Accords (1999) 2001 123
London (United Kingdom)
gangs, suppression strategies 2010 247
global cities 2007 163
Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD) 2011 83
long-term gain-seeking groups 2005 191, 2005 196–9
longitudinal studies, violence risk factors 2008 249
looting
195
Albanian state arsenals 1997 2001 176–7, 2001 200–1, 2001 273, 2002 76–7, 2002 298–9,
2006 38, 2006 44, 2006 47
Republic of the Congo 2003 259–61
West African armed groups 2006 252–3, 2006 254–5, 2006 257
López, Leopoldo 2007 186
Lopit 2007 337
Lorcin Engineering (United States) 2001 21, 2001 24
Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) (Uganda) 2006 273–89
arms management 2010 324
child soldiers 2003 146, 2009 197, 2009 211
guided light weapons holdings 2008 33
illicit transfers to 2007 325
resistance to 2010 267
stockpiles 2003 84, 2003 86
transfers to, ammunition 2007 298–9
violence in South Sudan 2007 325–6, 2010 288–9
Los Angeles (United States)
gang violence 2007 171, 2007 183, 2010 131, 2010 134
gangs, suppression 2010 246, 2010 248
lost weapons, military procurement 2006 9–10, 2006 12
lot numbers 2005 25–6, 2005 27
Lou Nuer people (Sudan) 2007 333–5
tribal conflict 2010 286–8
low rate of procurement (Lr) 2006 9, 2006 12, 2006 18
loyalist paramilitaries, disarmament 2003 285–6
Lr see low rate of procurement
LRA see Lord’s Resistance Army
LRAD see Long Range Acoustic Device
LSAs see local security arrangements
LSN Gang (Rio de Janeiro) 2010 168
LTTE see Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
Luanda Agreement 2003 81
Lugansk Machine Tool Plant (Ukraine) 2003 49
Luigi Franchi (Italy) 2002 36
licensed production 2002 51
ownership of 2001 2002 12
survey of producers 2001 32
LURD see Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy
Lusaka (Zambia), crime 2007 171, 2007 172
Lusaka Protocol (1994) 2001 116, 2001 118, 2005 192
Luwero Industries (Uganda), ammunition 2007 293–5, 2007 296–7, 2007 298
Luxembourg
civilian holdings 2003 64
export controls, exceptions 2009 79
exports
classification of 2004 107
human rights 2004 129, 2004 132
196
to the United States 2004 124
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
production 2001 16, 2001 52, 2002 57
M1 rifle
licensed production, Saudi Arabia 2002 18
US Army inventory 2001 2002 84
US Civilian Marksmanship Program 2002 86
M1F assault rifle, Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83
M2 machine gun 2001 26, 2002 84, 2002 86, 2008 21
Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83
M3 sub-machine gun
Burundi 2007 204
US Army inventory 2001 2002 84
M4 carbine
Burundi 2007 204
Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83
production 2001 26, 2002 29, 2004 11, 2004 29
US Army inventory 2001 2002 84
US military procurement 2002 86, 2006 10
M4/A1 rifle 2002 84
Iraqi Security Forces 2007 84
M9 pistol 2002 37
production for US military 1970–1999 2001 13
US Army inventory 2001 2002 84
M11 pistol 2002 84, 2002 86
M14 automatic rifle
production 2004 29, 2006 55
US Army inventory 2001 2002 84
US destruction programmes 2002 85
US military procurement 2006 10
M16 assault rifle
Burundi 2007 204
casualties 2002 165
child soldiers 2001 230
exports
to Nepal 2003 97, 2003 113
to the Philippines 2003 107
insurgent weapons in Palestinian territories 2002 90–1
Israel, stockpiles 2003 77
manufacturing sectors 2005 57
most popular assault rifles 2001 18, 2001 20
Papua New Guinea 2006 175, 2006 176, 2006 177
prices 2002 66, 2002 67, 2002 70
production 2001 26, 2002 29, 2004 11
global production estimates 2001 63, 2006 55
licensed 2001 44, 2002 18, 2007 19
197
most popular military weapons 2004 28
replacement by US Army as standard weapon 2004 12
for US military 1970–1999 2001 13
US armed forces stocks 2001 73, 2001 74, 2002 84
M16/A1 assault rifle
US destruction programmes 2002 85
US military procurement 2006 9–10
M16/A2 assault rifle
Brazil 2007 309
Iraqi Security Forces 2007 84
US military procurement 2006 9–10
M16/A4 assault rifle, US Army acquisitions 2000 2002 86
M17 Glock pistols, Iraqi Security Forces 2007 84
M19 machine gun 2001 26
M20 Bazooka 2002 71
M21 rifle 2002 84
M24 rifle 2002 84
Iraqi Security Forces 2007 84
M40 recoilless rifle 2004 33, 2004 34, 2008 23
M60 machine gun 2001 26
Colombia 2006 221
technological developments 2003 23
US Army inventory 2001 2002 84
M62 assault rifle 2001 63
M70 assault rifles 2009 108, 2009 110
M72 LAW rocket launcher 2002 71, 2008 25, 2011 27–8
diversion to criminals 2008 49, 2008 51, 2008 52
M76 assault rifle 2001 63
M79 grenade launcher 2002 84, 2008 24
M82 anti-materiel rifle 2008 22
M85 machine gun 2002 84
M107 sniper rifle 2004 11
M203 grenade launcher 2002 84, 2008 24
M231 rifle, US Army inventory 2001 2002 84
M240 machine gun 2001 26, 2002 84
M249 machine gun, Iraqi Security Forces 2007 84
M776 fuses 2010 29
M855 ammunition 2011 76
Maadi Company for Engineering Industries (Egypt) 2002 17, 2002 45
licensed production 2007 18
Maboir, Thomas 2007 324, 2007 334
MAC-10 machine gun, serial numbers 2009 116
Macau, imports 2006 73
McCallum, Bradley 2005 152
McDowell, Michael 2007 44
Macedo, Pablo 2011 44
Macedonia, former Yugoslav Republic of (FYROM)
198
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
DDR and weapons reduction
destruction methods 2002 311
NATO Operation Essential Harvest 2001 2002 293, 2002 302, 2003 281, 2003 289
peace agreements 2003 290
SEESAC (UNDP) 2002–2005 2005 290, 2005 292
UNPROFOR peacekeeping 1992–1995 2003 293
disarmament 2009 163
illicit transfers from 2002 132
illicit transfers to 2001 177
imports 2002 122, 2006 70
irresponsible transfers to 2007 103
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 33
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 277
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
production 2001 16, 2001 53, 2002 57
light weapons 2008 35
stockpiles
civilian holdings 2003 65, 2003 67
correlation to GDP 2007 58
insurgent 2002 82, 2002 88, 2002 89–90
law enforcement 2006 40
looted Albanian weapons 2002 69
military 2002 77, 2005 77, 2006 44, 2006 46, 2006 53
Machar, Riek 2007 321, 2007 326, 2010 278–9, 2010 292
Machel, Graça 2009 193
machetes 2004 107–8
machine guns
see also heavy machine guns; light machine guns
Afghanistan 2003 76
ammunition types 2005 12
Burundi 2007 204
Colombia 2006 226
definition of light weapons 2005 124
exports
to Nepal 2003 113
from the United States 2001 154, 2001 155
Georgia 2003 196, 2003 203–4
Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83, 2007 84
as light weapons 2008 10
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 283
manufacturing sectors 2005 45, 2005 55–7
military procurement 2006 8, 2006 12, 2006 18
military stockpiles 2006 37, 2006 53, 2006 54, 2006 55–6
Miniguns 2008 10
most popular small arms products 2001 19–21
199
Papua New Guinea 2006 175, 2006 177
production
Brazil 2001 29
Chile 2001 30
estimated global production by volume 1980–2000 2001 13
licensed 2007 18, 2007 20, 2007 21–2
major producers 2004 27
most important companies 2003 14–15
most popular military weapons 2004 31–2
United States 2001 26, 2002 27, 2003 17, 2003 18, 2004 13, 2004 119, 2004 120
Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 268
South America 2006 86
technological developments 2003 22–3, 2003 24
US Army inventory 2001 2002 84
McIntyre, Angela 2006 143
McMillan Bros. Rifles (United States) 2005 52
macroeconomics, effect of small arms on development 2001 231–4
Madagascar
armed forces 2011 172–3, 2011 188
cattle raiding 2011 182–4
coup (2009) 2011 176–80
crime, armed 2011 180–1
dahalo 2011 181–4
French colonialism 2011 169–70
gendarmerie 2011 170, 2011 172
illegal trafficking 2011 184–6
Imerina Kingdom 2011 169
independence 2011 171
police 2011 172, 2011 181
political history 2011 169–80
politicization of the military 2011 173–4, 2011 188
rosewood trafficking 2011 185
rural areas, insecurity 2011 181–4
security sector 2011 3–4, 2011 5–6, 2011 167–88
Third Republic 2011 174–6
weapons, stockpile management 2011 181
MAG general-purpose machine gun, licensed production 2007 18
Magnum, .357 handgun 2011 74
Mahdi Army/Jaish al-Mahdi (JEM), firearms 2010 122
Mahely Ind. & Co. (Argentina) 2001 28
maintenance of firearms
guerrillas in Colombia 2006 223
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 285–6
repairers 2005 43–4, 2005 45, 2005 46–9
Makarov pistol
Burundi 2007 204
Georgia 2003 201
200
Kyrgyzstan black market 2004 319, 2004 321
most popular handguns 2001 18, 2001 20
most popular military weapons 2004 28, 2004 34
production 2001 33, 2002 25
Makina ve Kimya Endustrisi Kurumu (Machinery and Chemical Industry Establishment)
(MKEK) (Turkey) 2001 40, 2002 19–20
illicit craft production 2003 31–2
licensed production 2002 50–1, 2002 53
Malaita (Solomon Islands) 2003 35, 2003 302, 2005 30
Malaita Eagle Force (Solomon Islands) 2003 35, 2003 302
Malakal (Sudan), violence 2010 289–90
Malawi
carjackings 2007 172
policing 2004 224, 2004 227, 2007 184
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 277
security sector reform 2003 153
Malaysia
exports
human rights 2004 130, 2004 131
irresponsible transfers to Indonesia 2007 101
muzzle-loading firearms 2002 114
value 2001 148
imports
from Brazil 2004 123
list of exporters 2005 102, 2005 104, 2006 71
MANPADS 2004 87
from the United States 2004 120
value 2002 2005 106, 2005 108
value 2003 2006 76
military procurement 2006 16, 2006 30
norms 2003 235
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
illicit 2001 46
licensed 2007 11, 2007 15
licensed production 2002 51
manufacturing sectors 2005 61
most popular small arms 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 43, 2001 53, 2002 57
small arms per person 2008 87, 2008 88
stockpiles
military 2006 44, 2006 51
security 2004 55, 2004 56
surplus weapons 2008 89
transparency 2005 110
Maldives, Republic of the
irresponsible transfers to Pakistan 2007 104
201
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
Mali
ammunition availability 2005 19, 2005 20, 2005 30
armed groups 2006 252, 2006 255, 2006 257, 2006 259, 2006 261
community’s view of armed groups 2005 193
long-term gain-seeking groups 2005 196, 2005 197
stockpiles 2003 82, 2005 187
arms sourcing to conflict 2005 160, 2005 165–7, 2005 169, 2005 172–3
availability factors in conflict 2005 186
benefits of peace 2005 199
control measures, transfers 2007 128
DDR programmes 2009 185
illicit capture of weapons 2008 54
imports 2004 113
production, manufacturing sectors 2005 47
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 241
weapons collection programmes 2002 281, 2002 288, 2002 302, 2002 311, 2003 279, 2009
240
West African Moratorium 2001 260
malnutrition, indirect conflict deaths 2005 254–5
Malta
civilian holdings 2003 65
EU membership 2008 103
illicit transfers from, to Rwanda 2002 132
imports 2006 69
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
production 2001 16, 2001 53, 2002 57
Malyutka missiles 2011 30, 2011 32
man-portable air defence systems (MANPADS) 2004 3, 2004 77–97
Afghanistan, seizures 2003 76
attacks on aircraft 2008 12, 2008 13
control measures 2004 90–4, 2005 109, 2005 110, 2005 124, 2005 127–9, 2005 130–7
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 125–6
licensed production 2007 28
transfers to non-state actors 2007 133
countries producing 2008 34–5
definition 2011 30
definitions of small arms 2003 59
destruction programmes 2008 80, 2008 99–102
developments 2008 18
diversion 2008 119, 2008 120
end-use monitoring 2008 170
export controls 2008 161
Georgia 2003 203–4
held by non-state armed groups 2008 32–3
International Tracing Instrument 2006 104
licensed and unlicensed production 2007 7, 2007 20, 2007 21, 2007 22, 2007 28
202
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 283
manufacturing sectors 2005 58, 2005 59, 2005 60, 2005 61–3
military procurement 2006 12, 2006 14–15
producers 2011 31
production 2004 15, 2004 33
licensed 2007 7, 2007 20, 2007 21, 2007 22, 2007 28
unlicensed 2007 7, 2007 20, 2007 21, 2007 22, 2007 28
stockpiles 2004 46, 2004 83–4, 2008 17–18
theft 2008 53–4
threats from 2010 316
transfers 2002 116, 2006 66–7, 2006 79, 2011 33–5
types 2008 16–18
West African armed groups 2006 256
Managua (Nicaragua), urban armed violence 2007 170
Manchester (United Kingdom), gang violence 2010 137, 2010 145
mandates, peacekeeping forces 2003 295–6, 2003 299
Mandaue City (Philippines) 2003 34
Mandela, Nelson, Burundi 2007 199
Mané, Ansumane 2006 254
Manenberg (South Africa) 2006 305
Manila (Philippines)
global cities 2007 163
violence 2007 145
Mano River Union, armed groups 2006 251
MANPADS see man-portable air defence systems
Manroy Engineering (United Kingdom) 2001 19, 2002 40
licensed production 2007 18
Manufacture Nationale d’armes de St Étienne (France) 2002 51, 2002 53
manufacturers see production
manufacturers’ marks, weapons identification 2009 114–16
Manufactures d’Armes Automatiques de Bayonne (France), licensed production 2007 27
Maoism
Nepal 2002 101–2, 2003 107, 2003 113
People’s War militaries 2005 77, 2006 47, 2006 49
MAPU Lautaro (Chile) 2003 28
Maputo (Mozambique), carjackings 2007 172
Mara Dieciocho (Mara 18)
gang violence 2010 138, 2010 140
prison gangs 2010 164
Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13)
gang violence 2010 69, 2010 85, 2010 138, 2010 139, 2010 140
prison gangs 2010 164
maras
gang violence 2010 138
gangs 2008 290
prison gangs 2010 157, 2010 164–5
marginalization, young men and small arms 2006 301, 2006 305–6
203
marijuana, Brazil 2007 241, 2007 301
Marines, firearms stocks 2001 74
marital status, firearm suicides, Brazil 2007 244, 2007 245
Mark 19 grenade launchers 2011 25
marketing norms 2003 231
markets
global trade 2003 12–13, 2003 101
non-lethal weapons 2003 25
prices 2007 264
Republic of the Congo 2003 270–2
United States 2003 16–17
marking
see also tracing
ammunition 2005 25–9, 2005 31
control measures 2002 243–8
covert transfers 2007 97
Inter-American Convention 2001 253, 2001 256, 2002 245–6, 2002 247
International Tracing Instrument 2006 95, 2006 99, 2006 100, 2006 106–7
inventory management 2002 261
lot-marking 2007 303, 2007 311
national control of civilian ownership 2002 265
national reporting 2004 256, 2004 302
NATO/EAPC 2001 274
norms 2003 231
OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 212
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238–9, 2002 240–1, 2002 246, 2002 247
UN Programme of Action 2002 223, 2002 226
UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 282, 2002 246–8
marksmen 2004 29
Marlin Firearms Co. (United States) 2001 26, 2004 13–14, 2005 54
financial indicators 1998–2000 2002 28
rifles used in crime in US 2001 24
Marshall Islands
stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 283, 2004 284
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
MAS FAMAS rifle 2011 77
masculinity
demand for small arms 2006 152, 2006 156
gun culture 2005 205, 2005 211
male youth 2006 295–317
symbolism of small arms 2006 314–16
Yemen 2003 185
Maseru (Lesotho), carjackings 2007 172
al-Masri, Sharif 2008 117
mass shootings
civilians, injury to killed ratio 2002 161
legislative and policy responses 2011 266–7
204
Massachusetts (United States)
civilian firearms
prohibited and restricted 2011 272
transfer regulation 2011 284
user regulation 2011 279, 2011 280
massed infantry doctrine, military stockpiles 2005 77
Matiep, Paulino 2007 323, 2007 324, 2007 340, 2010 278, 2010 280, 2010 292, 2010 296
Matra BAe Dynamics (France) 2004 82, 2004 83
Matravideki Femmuvek (MFS) (Hungary) 2001 37
Mauritania 2005 167
stockpiles
military 2005 88
police 2005 89
Mauritius 2004 234, 2004 240
Mauser Werke (Germany) 2001 32
company profile 2000 2002 34
financial indicators 2000 2002 21
ownership of 2001 2002 12
Mayors Against Illegal Guns (United States) 2008 285
Mbabane (Swaziland), crime 2007 171, 2007 172
MDRP see World Bank, Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme
means
demand for small arms 2006 144–5, 2006 147–8, 2006 149, 2006 150, 2006 153–8
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 188
prices of assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 265–6
measures see control measures
Mechanikai Muvek (Hungary) 2001 37
Médecins sans frontières (MSF)
Burundi 2007 210, 2007 212–14, 2007 215
Darfur 2005 236–7
Georgia 2003 210
Medellín (Colombia) 2006 234
control measures 2006 215
firearm-related deaths 2006 229
gangs
gun ownership 2010 112, 2010 113
membership 2010 106, 2010 107
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 179
urban armed violence 2007 183
Medellín Plan Desarme (Colombia) 2008 292
media 2005 143–5
conflict deaths 2005 150–1, 2005 235–8, 2005 241–8
data on legal transfers 2002 123
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180
public awareness campaigns, weapons collection 2002 309
symbolic role of small arms, young men 2006 307–10
medical costs
205
costs of gun violence 2003 133
costs of small arms violence 2006 189–91, 2006 195–7, 2006 199, 2006 201–4, 2006
207–8
medical profession, firearm-related mortality and injuries 2002 162
medical services see healthcare services
Meek, Sarah 2002 294
Me’ekamui Army (Bougainville) 2003 282, 2003 303
megacities 2007 162
armed violence 2007 164, 2007 167–9
megaslums 2007 169
Mehserle, Johannes 2011 91–2
Mekanika Indústria e Comércio (Brazil) 2001 29
men
armed youth 2006 295–317
victimization
Colombia 2006 215, 2006 228, 2006 239
Papua New Guinea 2006 172
Mendi Peace Agreement (2002) 2006 157
Mendoza (Argentina), weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 302, 2002
307–10, 2003 280
Menem, Carlos 2001 102, 2002 135
mental health
civilian firearms users 2011 276–7
indirect effects of small arms 2001 215
post-conflict 2005 274
and violent behaviour 2008 254, 2008 255
mentally disabled people, policing 2004 236–7
mentoring, violence reduction programmes 2006 316
Mercado Commún del Sur (MERCOSUR) 2001 258
mercenaries, armed groups 2006 253
Meste, Philippe 2005 155
metacities 2007 162
Metal Storm (Australia) 2003 21, 2003 24
non-lethal shotguns 2011 83
safety features 2011 79
Metallist Urlask Plant (Kazakhstan) 2005 56
Metalnor Industria (Chile) 2001 30
methodology
accessibility thesis 2004 182
estimating global suicides and homicides 2004 201–2
Kyrgyzstan 2004 310
Mexican Mafia (MM) (United States) 2010 160–1
Mexico
confiscated weapons 2010 105
control measures
Brasilia Declaration (2000) 2002 212
civilian ownership 2007 124
206
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
disarmament 2009 163
exports
annual value 2001 148
to China 2004 129
irresponsible transfers from 2007 107
to Israel 2007 102
transparency 2004 117, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17
value 2001 2004 105
value 2003 2006 68, 2006 71
to Venezuela 2007 107
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 209, 2001 240, 2003 138, 2004 53
gang violence 2010 140
gangs
gun ownership 2010 112, 2010 113
membership 2010 106, 2010 107
homicides 2009 228
illicit transfers from, to Colombia 2005 162
illicit transfers to 2001 189
from the United States 2001 188, 2002 135, 2003 108
imports 2003 108
from the Czech Republic 2003 109
grenade launchers 2011 26
list of exporters 2005 103, 2005 105, 2006 71, 2006 72
MANPADS 2004 87
military firearms 2002 116
mortars 2011 25
pistols and revolvers 2002 114, 2009 22
single-shot disposable systems 2011 28
from the United States 2001 154, 2003 106
value 2001 2004 110
value 2002 2005 108
value 2003 2006 76
informal security groups 2011 103
military procurement 2006 30
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 277
prison gangs, firearms 2010 173
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2002 45, 2002 51, 2007 15, 2007 26
most popular small arms 2001 19, 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 25, 2001 27, 2001 53, 2002 57, 2004 17, 2004 18, 2004
24–5
unlicensed 2007 15, 2007 26
stockpiles 2003 87, 2004 51, 2004 52, 2004 53
207
civilian holdings 2004 53, 2007 47–8, 2007 124
correlation of registered to unregistered firearms 2007 56
weapons collection programmes 2003 280
weapons diverted from United States 2008 63
Mezosy, Geza 2001 100, 2004 164
MFS 2000 Magyar Loszergyarto (Hungary) 2003 41–2
MFS see Matravideki Femmuvek
MG1/2/3 Series machine gun 2001 19, 2001 20
MG3 machine gun 2001 40
MIA see Ministry of Internal Affairs
micro-disarmament 2002 282, 2003 292
microeconomics, small arms as a threat to development 2001 229–31
Micronesia, Federated States of
gun control measures 2004 302, 2004 303
imports 2004 280
stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 283, 2004 284
Middle East
ammunition 2005 14
distribution of producing countries 2002 10
firearm homicides 2004 175, 2004 177, 2004 200
firearm homicides and suicides 2008 219
imports 2002 16, 2003 101–2
insurgents and other non-state combatants 1999 2001 79, 2002 130
policing, average number of officers 2006 42
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 261
production
craft production 2002 16–17
distribution of producing companies 2001 10, 2003 12, 2003 14, 2004 10
distribution of producing countries 2001 10, 2002 11, 2002 12, 2003 11, 2004 9
licensed production 2002 41, 2002 48–53
major producers 2003 14
survey of producers 2001 38–40, 2002 16–20
stockpiles 2003 77–80, 2005 71–2, 2005 78, 2005 79, 2005 85–91
2002 update 2002 90–4
civilian holdings 2007 62
changing patterns of ownership 2007 63
military 2006 52, 2006 53, 2006 58
transfers, value 2000 2003 100
Middle East and North Africa (MENA), production, licensed and unlicensed 2007 23
migration
firearm homicides, Brazil 2007 233, 2007 235–6
urban violence 2007 167
Mil-Tec Corporation, Ltd. 2001 104
MILAN ATGWs 2011 31, 2011 32
MILF see Moro Islamic Liberation Front
militant groups, in prison 2010 165–7
Militants combattants (Burundi) 2007 202, 2007 206–7
208
militarization of refugee camps 2005 273, 2005 274
military collapse, and arms diversion 2008 60–2
military doctrine, military stockpiles 2006 45–52, 2006 56
military firearms
see also military rifles
ammunition 2001 27, 2002 14
customs codes 2009 10, 2009 26
definitions 2009 32–3
European Union 2003 104
export controls 2009 61–97
exports 2001 146–7, 2002 115–17, 2006 67, 2006 69–73
to Cyprus 2003 105
from Russia 2003 111
from the United States 2003 106, 2003 107
importers 2006 75–8
manufacturing sectors 2005 45–6, 2005 49–53, 2005 55–7, 2005 58–62
market 2004 38
marking and tracing 2006 107
pistols 2004 28
power 2007 48
production 2002 14, 2004 10–11, 2004 13–14, 2004 16, 2006 7–30
ammunition 2002 14
Argentina 2001 29
Canada 2001 27
global production 2001 12–14, 2002 9–10, 2002 13, 2002 15
licensed and unlicensed 2007 7–32
most important companies 2003 14–15
United States 2001 26, 2002 29
Switzerland, transfer to civilian ownership 2007 54
technology and innovation 2003 21
trade decline 2003 102
transfer to civilian ownership 2007 54, 2007 60–1
transfers
2006 2009 28–30, 2009 32–9
Comtrade data 2000–2006 2009 23–5
undocumented 2009 31
trends in exports 1995–1999 2002 147
Military Industry Corporation (Sudan) 2002 18–19
military integration, post-conflict security 2009 233, 2009 236
military intervention, cost-benefit analysis 2006 195
military personnel, thefts of weapons by 2008 49, 2008 51
military procurement 2006 7–30
age of stock 2006 14–16
Cambodia 2006 135
demand for small arms 2006 145, 2006 147
development of new weapons 2006 23
importers 2006 74
209
neighbouring country’s, prices 2007 264, 2007 266, 2007 271, 2007 281, 2007 282, 2007
283
production estimates 2006 54–6
weapons prices 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 267, 2007 281, 2007 283
Military Professional Resources Inc. 2001 109, 2011 108
military rifles
destruction programmes 2002 73
exports, from the United States 2001 154, 2001 155
global production by volume 1980–2000 2001 13
military shotguns 2001 155
military sidearms, global production 1980–2000 2001 13
military stockpiles 2006 37–60
see also national stockpiles; stockpiles; surplus weapons
Africa 2003 80, 2003 81, 2003 83–4
ammunition 2005 29–30
diversions 2007 289–301
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2001 177
by country 2006 44
Cambodia 2006 119, 2006 125
Central African Republic 2005 311, 2005 312, 2005 314
Central America 2003 90
China 2002 94, 2002 95, 2005 81
Colombia 2005 161, 2006 219–20
Constabulary militaries 2006 50–1
crossover to civilian market 2007 54, 2007 60–1
destruction programmes 2007 64–5
distribution of firearms 2001 4, 2001 59
diversions from 2006 38–9
2002 update 2002 137–8
Albania 1997 2001 176–7, 2001 200–1, 2001 273, 2002 76–7, 2002 298–9, 2006 38,
2006 44, 2006 47
Argentina 2001 184–5
Central African Republic 2005 320
Chile 2006 85
Colombia 2005 161
conflict sourcing 2005 172
Georgia 2005 171–2
Kazakhstan 2001 179
Mali 2005 165–6, 2005 169
Philippines 2001 183
Republic of the Congo 2003 259–61
Sierra Leone 2001 172–3
South America 2006 65, 2006 83, 2006 85
Tajikistan 2005 170
terrorist groups 2004 102
US Army 2002 260–1
West African armed groups 2006 254–5, 2006 259, 2006 266
210
Europe 2003 66
Finland 2004 46
firearms attrition 2001 76–7
global estimates 2001 59, 2001 71–7, 2001 88, 2002 73, 2002 75, 2002 76, 2002 102–4,
2002 103–4, 2006 37–8, 2006 45, 2006 52–4, 2007 43
Iraq 2004 44–50
Japan 2005 82
Kyrgyzstan 2004 312–13
largest 2006 56–8
Latin America 2004 51
marking 2002 244
methodology 2001 65, 2004 46, 2005 76–8
Middle East 2005 86–7
military doctrine 2002 74–9, 2006 45–52, 2006 56
multipliers 2005 77
North Korea 2005 83
Northeast Asia 2005 79–80, 2005 84
Pacific 2003 89, 2004 284, 2004 287–90
Pakistan 2002 100–1
People’s War militaries 2006 47–50
post-Cold War surplus weapons 2001 76
pre-automatic, data on 2007 43
procurement 2006 14–16
relative significance 2007 42
reserve militaries 2006 51–2
reserve weapons 2001 71–2, 2001 80, 2002 85
sold to civilians in the US 2003 61
South America 2006 86
South Korea 2005 83
stockpile security 2004 54–6
Switzerland, transfer to civilian ownership 2007 54
Taiwan 2005 84
Togo 2002 81, 2002 82
transferred to civilian market 2002 246
transparency 2001 72–3, 2006 45, 2006 58–60
Trinitarian militaries 2006 46–7
types of weapons 2006 53, 2006 54
United Kingdom 2001 68
United States 2001 66, 2002 83–6, 2003 17, 2006 44, 2006 46, 2006 47, 2006 53, 2006 56,
2006 57
weapons-to-troop ratios 2002 75–7, 2002 79
military strategy, stockpiles 2006 45–52, 2006 56
militias
see also paramilitaries; pro-government armed groups
Algeria 2007 77
Burundi 2007 202, 2007 206–7
Cambodia 2006 130–1, 2006 134
211
Central African Republic 2005 305–10, 2005 311, 2005 312
changing roles 2010 269–72
command and control 2005 195
Côte d’Ivoire 2011 212–14
demand for small arms 2006 145
Georgia 2003 193, 2003 194, 2003 197, 2003 205–10
Haiti 2007 174
militarization of refugee camps 2005 273, 2005 274
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 182
Nigeria 2005 75
Republic of the Congo 2003 256–73
Somalia 2007 92–4
South Sudan 2007 317, 2007 318–19, 2007 320, 2007 321–5
Switzerland 2002 78
transfers to non-state actors 2007 133
Uganda 2006 287
urban armed violence 2007 174, 2007 182, 2007 183
fragmentation of public space 2007 176
political 2007 174, 2007 175
Venezuela 2007 186
Venezuela, urban violence in Caracas 2007 186
West Africa 2006 247–67, 2006 249
Milkor Multiple Grenade Launcher (MGL) 2003 23
Millennium Project 2005 287
Mine Ban Treaty (Ottawa Convention) see Convention on the Prohibition of the Use,
Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction
(1997)
Minera Yanacocha (Peru) 2011 148–9, 2011 156
mines
see also landmines
limpet mines 2008 9
Ottawa Convention (1997) 2008 9, 2008 94–5
Minigun, as light weapon 2008 10
Minimi (M249) light machine gun 2001 26, 2003 113
Burundi 2007 204
exports to Nepal 2003 113
production 2001 26, 2004 31
licensed
acquiring countries 2007 18
worldwide 2002 45
technological developments 2003 22
US Army acquisitions 2000 2002 86
US Army inventory 2001 2002 84
Minin, Leonid 2004 163–4, 2008 121, 2008 135
Ministry of Defence Military Industrial Department (Armenia) 2003 48
Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) (Georgia) 2003 203–4
MINUCI see United Nations Mission in Côte d’Ivoire
212
MINURCA see United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic
MINUSTAH see United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti
mirror statistics, global trade 2006 66–7
MISAC see Monitoring the Implementation of Small Arms Controls
Miskine, Abdulaye 2005 309
Misr assault rifle 2001 39, 2002 17
identifying 2009 113
Misseriya Arabs, Sudan 2010 296
missile-launching weapons see man-portable air defence systems
missiles, Georgia 2003 203–4
Mistral 2004 82, 2004 83, 2004 84
MK 19 grenade launcher 2002 84, 2002 86, 2008 24
MK 118 Mod 0 High Explosive Dual-Purpose (HEDP) warhead 2008 25
MKEK see Makina ve Kimya Endustrisi Kurumu
Mkhedrioni forces (Georgia) 2003 193–4
ML see Wassenaar Arrangement Munitions List
MLC see Movement de libération du Congo
MLPC see Mouvement de libération du peuple centrafricain
MLRS artillery rockets, transfers, to Europe 2003 104
MM see Mexican Mafia
Mmono, B. S. 2008 197
MNCs see multinational corporations
MNLF see Moro National Liberation Front
MNSTC-I see Multi-National Security Transition Command-Iraq
mobilization
People’s War doctrine 2006 47–50
Reserve militaries 2006 51–2
Mobutu Sese Seko
arms for UNITA in Angola 2001 117–18, 2001 119, 2001 173, 2005 192
Central African Republic 2005 304, 2005 317–18
diamond trade in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108
Mockus, Antanas 2006 230–2
Model 92FS self-loading pistol 2007 10
MODEL see Movement for Democracy in Liberia
modelling, costs of small arms violence 2006 192
modular assault rifles 2003 24
Mohamed, Abdelrahim 2007 325
Moi, Daniel Arap 2001 175
Mojahideen al-Khalq 2002 90
mokahala 2005 87
Moldova
ammunition, stockpiles 2008 91, 2008 93
civilian ownership 2003 65
DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2003 284, 2003 293, 2005 290
destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 101
exports 2003 109–10, 2004 103
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 233, 2001 241
213
illicit transfers from, to Liberia 2002 132
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 33
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 278
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
production 2001 16, 2001 30, 2001 34, 2001 53, 2002 57
seizures of illicit arms 2001 176
sub-machine guns, diverted to Liberia 2008 116, 2008 117
theft from military stockpile 2008 55
MoldTransavia 2008 117
Molot Joint Stock Company (Russian Federation) 2001 33, 2004 14, 2004 15, 2004 16, 2004
122
Mombasa (Kenya), MANPADS attack (2002) 2004 85, 2004 86, 2004 87–8, 2004 90, 2008 12
Monaco
production 2001 16, 2001 53, 2002 57
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
money laundering, brokers 2001 106–7
Mongolia, imports 2002 147
monitoring 2004 5, 2004 249–71
data on legal transfers 2001 144
disarmament 2003 290, 2003 292–3
Inter-American Convention 2001 253
inter-governmental, data on legal transfers 2001 144
OAS Model Regulations 2001 255
UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 209
Monitoring the Implementation of Small Arms Controls (MISAC) 2004 259
Monrovia (Liberia) 2002 134, 2005 182–3, 2008 11–12
Monsieur, Jacques 2001 106
Montaz i Mechanika (Bulgaria) 2003 44
Montenegro
see also Serbia and Montenegro
alleged arms embargo violations, 2001 2002 132
ammunition
stockpiles 2008 91, 2008 93
transfers, transparency 2010 11
destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 95
exports, transparency 2010 13, 2010 15, 2011 16
illicit transfers from, to the KLA 2004 133
law enforcement stockpiles 2006 40
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
surplus weapons, transferred to Afghanistan and Iraq 2008 79
Monterrico Metals plc 2011 153
Montesinos, Vladimiro 2005 163, 2008 120, 2008 123, 2008 124, 2008 129, 2008 134, 2008
135, 2008 136
Montreux Document on Pertinent International Obligations and Good Practices for States
Related to Operations of Private Military and Security Companies during Armed Conflict
2011 124–5, 2011 127, 2011 151, 2011 157
Montserrat, tax havens and brokers 2001 105
214
Moore, Michael 2005 21
Moqtada al-Sadr militia, explosions at arms depots 2010 322
moratoriums, disarmament 2003 309
morbidity, design of weapons 2001 211
Moritán, Roberto García 2011 54
Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) (Philippines) 2006 253, 2010 319
illicit production 2001 46
illicit transfers to 2001 183
production, light weapons 2008 15
stockpiles 2002 98
Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) 2001 183, 2005 285, 2010 117
firearms 2010 122
Morocco
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2007 15
survey of producers 2001 53, 2002 16, 2002 18, 2002 19, 2002 57
stockpiles 2005 86–7, 2005 89, 2005 90
civilian holdings 2007 59
Morris, Janet and Chris 2011 84
mortality
see also firearm homicides; firearm suicides
data 2002 162
national control of civilian ownership 2002 263
post-conflict 2009 222–3
trends 2002 162
victims 2002 163–6
Yemen 2003 172
mortar grenades, Colombia 2006 223
mortars
attack on Monrovia (2003) 2005 182–3, 2008 11–12
Burundi 2007 86, 2007 197, 2007 204, 2007 212, 2007 213
Colombia 2006 223, 2006 225
control measures 2005 124
countries producing 2008 34–5
FAMAE 2001 30
guidance systems 2008 27
lethality 2008 11–12
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 283
production 2001 41, 2002 72, 2004 8, 2004 33–4, 2005 57, 2008 26–7
ranges 2008 26, 2008 27
Republic of the Congo 2003 268
stockpiles 2002 63, 2002 70–3, 2004 46
technological developments 2010 34
transfers 2010 10, 2010 27–32, 2011 24–5
transport of 2008 10
215
types 2008 26–7
types of 2010 28
Moscow Accords (1994) 2003 207
Moscow coup, Georgia 2003 198
Moscow (Russian Federation)
distance from, prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 263, 2007 269, 2007 281, 2007 282,
2007 283
gang violence 2010 137
private security companies, firearm stockpiles 2011 113
Mossberg 500 shotgun 2011 83
Mothers Against Gang Warfare (MAGW) (United States) 2008 234
motivations
demand for small arms 2006 143, 2006 144–5, 2006 147–8, 2006 149–53, 2006 158
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 277–8
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 188
Papua New Guinea 2006 175, 2006 182–3
prices of assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 265–6, 2007 271
weapons collection 2002 305–6
West African armed groups 2006 248, 2006 250–2, 2006 258
young men and small arms 2006 302–10
‘Mouflon’ 2003 243
Mouvement de libération du peuple centrafricain (MLPC) 2005 307–8, 2005 312
Mouvement patriotique du Côte d’Ivoire (MPCI) 2003 82, 2006 254, 2006 256
guided light weapons holdings 2008 32
Movement of Central African Liberators (Mouvement des Libérateurs Centrafricains pour la
Justice) (MLCJ) 2010 324
Movement de libération du Congo (MLC) 2005 304
Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL) 2005 167–9, 2006 249, 2006 256
Movement of the Democratic Forces of Casamance (MFDC) (Senegal) 2005 199, 2006 249,
2006 254
Movement of the Democratic Forces of Guinea (RFDG) 2003 82, 2006 249, 2006 256
Movement for Justice and Peace (Mouvement pour la justice et la paix) 2006 256
Movement of Nigeriens for Justice, arms depots 2010 322
Mozambique
AK-47 2001 17, 2002 66
carjackings 2007 172
DDR and weapons reduction 2005 277, 2005 285, 2005 290, 2009 185
Operation Rachel 1995–2003 2003 244, 2003 279, 2005 290
peace process 2003 304, 2003 305, 2005 277, 2005 285
Tools for Arms Project 1995–2001 2002 294, 2002 302, 2003 279
firearm violence and crime 2004 193
NGOs and control 2002 243
percentage of population killed in conflict 2001 210
policing
extrajudicial execution 2004 230
post-conflict reform 2004 240
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
216
prices
AK47 rifle 2002 66
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 278
state-led violence 2009 229
stockpiles 2001 62, 2001 64, 2003 80
civilian holdings 2007 50, 2007 172
weapons lotteries 2009 240
MP-5 machine gun, Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83
MPCI see Mouvement patriotique du Côte d’Ivoire
MPT (Tondar) 2002 52
MS-13 see Mara Salvatrucha
MSF see Médecins sans frontières
Mugabe, Robert 2001 108, 2001 109
Muggah, Robert 2006 144
mugobore 2007 204, 2007 205
mujahideen forces, illicit transfers to, craft production in Pakistan 2003 32–3
Multi-Donor Fund 2009 271
Multi-National Security Transition Command-Iraq (MNSTC-I)
irresponsible transfers to Iraq 2007 85
stockpile security 2007 83
multilateral measures 2001 251–83
controls, brokering 2002 256–7
disarmament and human development 2003 151–4
marking 2002 245–7
multinational corporations (MNCs)
corporate social responsibility 2011 139–41, 2011 151–3
extractive industries 2011 139
private security companies, use of 2011 5, 2011 135–58
security
accountability 2011 151–3
hybrid 2011 2–3, 2011 146–50
in-house security 2011 141–3
international or domestic 2011 143
needs 2011 136–41
public security 2011 143–6
regulation 2011 150–8
multiple system estimation (MSE), conflict deaths 2005 239, 2005 240, 2005 241, 2005 242–3
Mumbai (India)
gangs, membership 2010 106, 2010 107
urban political armed violence 2007 175
urbanization 2007 162, 2007 168
municipal arms reduction, Colombia 2006 230–3
municipal governments, violence reduction programmes 2007 171, 2007 178–88
Munora Holdings (Malaysia) 2001 43, 2002 51, 2002 53
murders see homicides
Murle people (Sudan) 2007 334, 2007 335, 2007 337–8
tribal conflict 2010 286–8
217
museums, civilian firearms 2011 286
Museveni, Yoweri 2002 291, 2006 274–5
muskets, Yemen 2003 172
Muslim Brotherhood see Ikhwan-ul Muslimoon
mutinies, Central African Republic 2005 320, 2005 321–2
muzzle-loading firearms 2002 114, 2002 115, 2002 147, 2005 51–3
Myanmar 2002 129, 2002 142–3
ammunition, procurement 2010 32
armed groups 2006 253
child soldiers 2001 230
displaced persons 2001 2002 196
draft ASEAN declaration on small arms 2002 215
illicit transfers from 2001 181–2
illicit transfers to 2002 133, 2004 131
Bangladesh as a transit country 2002 143
imports
human rights 2004 128, 2004 131
irresponsible transfers to 2007 103
MANPADS 2004 88
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 15, 2008 33
non-state armed groups, firearms 2010 122
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 278
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
illicit 2001 46
licensed production 2002 51
most popular small arms 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 43, 2001 53, 2002 57
naciones, Ecuador 2010 211
Nadi Framework 2004 301, 2011 265
Nagorno-Karabakh
illicit transfers to 2001 178, 2001 179–80, 2002 133
insurgents and other non-state combatants 1999 2001 79
production 2003 47–8
Nairobi (Kenya)
carjackings 2007 172
urban violence 2007 163, 2007 175
victimization rates 2007 173
Nairobi Best Practice Guidelines (2005), transfer controls 2008 160–2
Nairobi Declaration (2000) 2001 263–4, 2002 242, 2002 262
Nairobi Guidelines 2007 130
Nairobi Protocol (2004) 2005 24, 2005 125, 2005 126, 2005 135, 2010 49–50, 2011 264
NAM see Non-Aligned Movement
Namibia
alleged arms embargo violations, 2001 2002 132
brokers, diamond trade in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108
218
carjackings 2007 172
civilian holdings 2003 239, 2003 241, 2007 172
DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2003 292, 2005 290, 2009 185
disarmament 2009 163
exports
human rights 2004 129, 2004 130
irresponsible transfers to Angola 2007 98
firearm violence and crime 2004 193
imports 2003 118, 2005 103, 2006 72, 2006 74, 2006 76
policing, post-conflict reform 2004 240
prices
black market prices for AK47 rifle 2002 66
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 278
naming and shaming, West African armed groups 2006 265–6
Nammo AS (Finland/Sweden/Norway) 2003 15
Nammo Lapua Oy (Finland) 2002 12
Nammo (Norway), airburst grenades 2011 25
Nasir Peace Force (Sudan) 2007 324
Nasser, Gamal Abdul 2003 175
National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia) 2006 120
National Army of Independent Kampuchea (ANKI) (Cambodia) 2006 120–1, 2006 125, 2006
126
National Capital District (NCD) (Papua New Guinea) 2006 165, 2006 166, 2006 167–78
national commissions, disarmament 2003 293
National Committee for Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (NCDDR) (Sierra
Leone) 2003 307
National Congress for the Defense of the Congolese People (CNDP) (Democratic Republic of
the Congo), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32
National Congress Party (NCP) (Sudan) 2007 318, 2007 321–2, 2007 333
relations with GoSS 2010 277–8
national control measures
air cargo companies 2001 112–14
air transportation 2010 50–4
black market 2001 166
brokers 2001 96, 2001 101–2, 2001 103–5, 2001 123–6, 2001 130, 2002 254–5
civilian ownership 2007 62, 2007 63
Chile 2003 28–9
Europe 2003 66–7
South Africa 2003 30–1
Turkey 2003 31–2
illicit craft production
Ghana 2003 30
Philippines 2003 35
MANPADS 2005 130–7
marking 2002 244–5
transport agents 2001 123–6, 2001 130
UN Programme of Action 2002 222–5
219
National Democratic Alliance (NDA) (Sudan) 2001 174
National Democratic Front for Bodoland (NDFB) 2001 181
National Democratic Front of the Philippines (NDFP), weapon-related commitments 2010 317,
2010 318
National Disarmament Commission (NDC) (Afghanistan) 2009 292–3
National Gun Control Committee (NGCC) (Papua New Guinea) 2006 165, 2006 184
National Gun Summit (Papua New Guinea) 2006 165, 2006 167
national immunization days (NIDs) 2002 170
National Islamic Front (NIF) 2010 278
national laws
Great Lakes region and Horn of Africa 2002 262–3
UN Small Arms Conference (2001), draft Programme of Action 2002 208–9
national legislation, civilian ownership, controls 2002 263–71
National Liberation Army (ELN) (Colombia) 2006 216
civilian casualties 2006 224
command and control 2006 221
conflict sourcing 2005 161–3
guided light weapons holdings 2008 32
illicit trafficking 2006 222
stockpiles 2001 80, 2002 82–3, 2006 221
National Liberation Army (NLA) (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) 2003 67
disarmament 2003 289
guided light weapons holdings 2008 33
stockpiles 2002 89–90
weapons collection 2002 293
National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) 2010 187
National Organisation for Military Production (NOMP) (Egypt) 2001 38–9
National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) 2003 82, 2005 167, 2005 193, 2005 194
National Points of Contact (NPCs) 2006 58–60, 2006 83, 2011 43, 2011 59, 2011 61
National Redemption Front (Sudan) 2007 92
National Reloading Manufacturers Association 2005 15
National Resistance Army (NRA) (Uganda) 2005 187, 2005 196, 2006 274–5
National Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Haiti (Front pour la Libération et la
Reconstruction Nationales) 2011 231–3
National Rifle Association (NRA) (United States) 2004 70–1, 2005 75
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 124
accessibility thesis 2001 202
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238
UN Programme of Action 2002 221, 2002 224
UN Small Arms Conference 2002 217, 2002 247
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 283
national security
Constabulary military doctrine 2006 50–1
exports, transparency 2007 96
humanitarian approach 2002 177
International Tracing Instrument 2006 105, 2006 109–10
military stockpiles 2006 58
220
state demand for small arms 2006 147
state-to-state transfers, UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239
transparency of legal transfers 2001 142
National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN), illicit transfers to 2001 181
national sovereignty
ASEAN initiatives 2001 267–8
brokering controls 2002 255–6, 2002 257
Colombia 2006 217
humanitarian approach to small arms 2002 177
legal transfers 2002 203
national controls 2002 272
state demand for small arms 2006 147
tracing and marking 2006 107–8, 2006 109–10
transfers to non-state actors 2007 133–4
national stockpiles
see also military stockpiles
ammunition 2008 89–94
definition 2008 44
diversions
extra-security force diversion 2008 53–6
high-order 2008 56–62
intra-security force diversion 2008 48–53
issued stocks 2008 51
low-order 2008 47–56
military collapse 2008 60–2
official conspiracy 2008 56–9
types 2008 46
management of 2008 59–60
military requirements 2008 86–9
security of 2008 52–3, 2008 55–6, 2008 66, 2008 69–70
surplus 2008 86–9
destruction programmes 2008 106–7
thefts from storage 2008 48–51, 2008 53–4
national transfer reports 2003 98–102
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) see União Nacional para a
Independência Total de Angola
NATO see North Atlantic Treaty Organization
natural resources
armed groups 2006 250
disarmament 2003 301
South Sudan 2007 317, 2007 318, 2007 333
Yemen 2003 172
Nauru
civilian ownership 2004 283
gun control measures 2004 302
illicit weapons and trade 2004 285
imports 2004 280, 2004 281
221
stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
navies
firearms stocks 2001 74
Georgia 2003 197
Nazi Germany, weapons collection 2009 165
NCACC see South Africa, National Conventional Arms Control Committee
NCD see National Capital District
NCDDR see National Committee for Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration
NCP see National Congress Party
NDA see National Democratic Alliance
Ndadaye, Melchior 2007 199
Ndayikengurukiye, Colonel Jean-Bosco 2007 218
NDC see National Disarmament Commission
NDFB see National Democratic Front for Bodoland
NDFP see National Democratic Front of the Philippines
Ndoubabé, Victor 2005 309
NDPVF see Niger Delta People’s Volunteer Force
NDV see Niger Delta Vigilante
NDVF see Niger Delta Volunteer Force
necessity, policing 2004 218–19
Negev machine gun 2002 35, 2002 123
negotiation, disarmament 2003 277–316
neighbourhood watch schemes
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180
Papua New Guinea 2006 183
Nepal
ammunition, procurement 2010 32
armed violence impacts on children 2009 200
attacks on schools 2009 204
conflict deaths 2005 248, 2005 249
DDR programmes 2009 185
imports 2003 97, 2003 113, 2004 125, 2005 106
irresponsible transfers to 2007 103
from the United States 2003 97, 2003 107, 2003 113, 2004 120, 2004 121
value 2001 2004 109
military procurement 2006 16, 2006 22, 2006 27, 2006 30
non-state armed groups, firearms 2010 122
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
production 2002 57
stockpiles 2002 79, 2002 80, 2002 101–2
weapons records 2009 128
Neshat, Shirin 2005 148–9
Netherlands
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
brokering 2004 161
controls 2002 254
222
extraterritorial jurisdiction 2004 158
international cooperation on 2004 150
licensing 2004 153, 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 156
registration 2004 159
civilian ownership 2003 64
data on private legal firearms 2001 85
firearm homicides 1999 2001 239
destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 97
export controls, exceptions 2009 79
exports
ammunition 2009 16
annual value 2001 148
average annual value 2001 147
classification of 2004 108
human rights 2004 130
irresponsible transfers from 2007 100
list of importers 2005 108, 2006 76
military firearms 2001 146, 2001 147, 2002 115, 2002 116
national reporting 2001 150–1, 2002 119, 2002 120, 2002 122
share of total arms exports 2001 144
transit trade 2003 104–5
transparency 2005 110, 2005 111, 2005 112, 2007 88, 2009 8, 2009 49, 2010 8, 2010
15, 2011 16
to the United States 2004 124
value 2002 2005 104
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 203, 2001 239
gang violence 2010 137
gangs, gun ownership 2010 110, 2010 111
imports
ammunition 2009 16, 2009 17
Comtrade data 2001 156, 2009 12
list of exporters 2005 103
military firearms 2002 116
military small arms and light weapons 2009 25
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 24
top importers 2004 2007 74
transit trade 2003 104–5
value 1994–1998 2001 157
value 2001 2004 110
value 2002 2005 108
value 2003 2006 76
military procurement 2006 30
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 182
police handguns 2011 74
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 278
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
production
223
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2007 15, 2007 21
light weapons 2008 35
MANPADS 2004 81
manufacturing sectors 2005 61
survey of producers 2001 53, 2002 57
stockpiles
civilian holdings, correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
military 2006 45
destruction programmes 2007 65
transfers, transit trade 2003 104–5
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 74, 2002 281, 2004 58
Netherlands Antilles, tax havens and brokers 2001 105
Neutron Research and Production (Armenia) 2003 48
New Caledonia
civilian ownership 2004 283
gun control measures 2004 302
imports 2004 280, 2004 281, 2004 282
stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284
New Forces (Côte d’Ivoire) 2006 249
new humanitarianism 2002 184–6
New Jersey (United States)
civilian firearms
licences 2011 282
prohibited and restricted 2011 272
registration 2011 274
reporting requirements 2011 291
storage requirements 2011 292
transfer regulation 2011 284
use regulation 2011 285
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 277
New Lachaussée 2005 14
New Orleans (United States), homicide rate 2007 165
New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) 2005 287
New South Wales (Australia)
civilian firearms
licences 2011 280
prohibited and restricted 2011 269
self-defence use 2011 289–90
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 279
new wars, humanitarian impacts 2002 173–6, 2002 181, 2002 184–6
New York City (United States)
global cities 2007 163
homicides 1968-2004 2007 166, 2007 184
policing, broken-window theory 2007 184
New Zealand
Bougainville conflict 2004 294, 2004 295
224
civilian firearms
carrying in public 2011 293
licences 2011 280
prohibited and restricted 2011 270
registration 2011 274
regulation 2011 266–7
self-defence use 2011 290
storage requirements 2011 292, 2011 293
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 277, 2011 278, 2011 279
civilian ownership 2004 283, 2004 301, 2004 302, 2004 303
changing patterns of ownership 2007 63
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
data on private legal firearms 2001 85
firearm homicides 1999 2001 239
costs of small arms violence 2006 194, 2006 200
disarmament 2009 163
exports 2001 148
reporting of 2009 27
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 203, 2001 209, 2001 239, 2001 240
imports 2004 281, 2004 282
from Brazil 2004 123
list of exporters 2005 103, 2006 68
from the United States 2004 120, 2004 280
value 2003 2006 74, 2006 77
mass shootings 2011 266
mortar production 2008 27
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
light weapons 2008 35
manufacturing sectors 2005 61
survey of producers 2001 53, 2002 57
smuggling 2004 285
stockpiles 2003 88, 2003 89
distribution of firearms 2001 66–7
law enforcement 2006 40, 2006 43
leakage 2004 287, 2004 288
state stockpiles 2004 284
UN Small Arms Conference (2001), Programme of Action 2002 210–11
violence and crime 2004 179, 2004 295, 2006 194, 2006 200
Newmont Mining Corporation 2011 148–9, 2011 156
Next-generation Light Anti-tank Weapon (NLAW) 2008 26
NF see Nuestra Familia
NF Segurança 2011 150
NGOs see non-governmental organizations
Niari (Republic of the Congo) 2003 267–8
Nicaragua
conflict, economic effects of 2001 232
225
control measures
Framework Agreement for Democratic Security in Central America 2001 257
Inter-American Convention 2001 256
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
costs of small arms violence 2006 193
DDR and weapons reduction 2002 74, 2002 292–4, 2002 302, 2003 280, 2003 282, 2005
277, 2005 290
destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 100, 2008 101
disarmament 2009 163
diversion, weapons to Colombia 2008 121, 2008 122, 2008 124, 2008 126
exports, human rights 2004 130, 2004 132
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 232
gang violence 2009 211
gangs
gun ownership 2010 112, 2010 113
membership 2010 106, 2010 107
homicides 2009 227, 2009 228
illicit transfers from, to Colombia 2001 188–9, 2003 116, 2004 130, 2005 162, 2006 85
illicit transfers to, Cold War grey market 2001 169
insecurity 2002 166, 2002 195
post-conflict violence 2005 271
prices
black-market prices for AK47 rifle 2002 66
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 278
private security companies
firearm stockpiles 2011 113
personnel 2011 105
stockpiles, civilian holdings 2007 65
Nicaragua–Honduras, DDR programmes 2009 185
niche markets 2003 10, 2003 20–3
NIF see National Islamic Front
Niger
armed groups 2006 255, 2006 259
DDR programmes 2005 291, 2009 185
disarmament 2009 163
exports, human rights 2004 132
illicit transfers from
to Liberia 2004 132
to RUF in Sierra Leone 2002 132, 2004 132
imports, authorized transfers 1999–2002 2004 113
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 278
West African Moratorium 2001 260
Niger Delta, multinational corporations, security 2011 148–9
Niger Delta People’s Volunteer Force (NDPVF) (Nigeria) 2006 249, 2006 263, 2010 270
Niger Delta Vigilante (NDV) (Nigeria) 2006 249, 2006 263
Niger Delta Volunteer Force (NDVF) (Nigeria) 2006 249
Nigeria
226
armed groups
command structure 2006 252
craft production 2006 255
DDR programmes 2006 263
illicit transfers to 2006 255, 2006 256
motivations 2006 250–1
typology 2006 249
civilian firearms ownership 2007 172
conflict, percentage of population killed in 2001 210
disarmament 2009 163
disarmament attempt 2005 75
diversion, weapons from Yugoslavia to Liberia 2008 121
illicit transfers from
to Liberia 2004 144
to Mali 2005 167
illicit transfers to 2003 30
imports 2004 114, 2005 103
irresponsible transfers to 2007 103
shotgun shells 2010 25
MANPADS 2006 256
policing, urban political armed violence 2007 175
prices
black-market prices for AK47 rifle 2002 66
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 278
private security companies 2011 143, 2011 148–9
armed 2011 114
personnel 2011 105
training 2011 124
pro-government armed groups 2010 266
production
ammunition 2005 15
craft production 2006 255
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2002 43, 2002 45, 2002 46–7, 2007 15, 2007 18
light weapons 2008 35
survey of producers 2001 40, 2001 41, 2001 53, 2002 57
stockpiles 2003 82, 2003 83
vigilante groups 2010 267
violence and crime 2003 139, 2004 193, 2004 194, 2004 196, 2004 198, 2006 201
urban armed violence 2007 167, 2007 171, 2007 175, 2007 183
night commuting, Uganda 2006 280–1
Night Owls (Norway) 2010 247
night-vision equipment 2005 46, 2005 58
Nike-Fiocchi (Hungary) 2001 37, 2003 42
Nikonov assault rifle (AN-94) 2002 25
intellectual property rights 2007 24
Ninjas (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256–8
227
holdings 2003 260–1, 2003 264–5, 2003 268–9
NISAT see Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers
Niti Kazanlak (Bulgaria) 2003 44
Nitrokemia (Hungary) 2001 37
Niue
civilian ownership 2004 283
gun control measures 2004 302
illicit weapons and trade 2004 285
stockpiles 2003 88, 2003 89, 2004 284
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
Nizigama, Serge 2007 86
Nkunda, Laurent 2009 222
Nkurunziza, Pierre 2007 86, 2007 199
NLA see National Liberation Army (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)
Nobel Laureate Code see International Code of Conduct on Arms Transfers (1997)
NOMP see National Organisation for Military Production
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
Bamako Declaration (2000) (OAU) 2002 213
Brasilia Declaration 2002 212
UN Programme of Action 2002 223
non-EU European countries 2003 108–11
non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
aiding the arming of non-state actors 2002 186
Conference 2002 242–3
conflict deaths 2005 233–4
control 2002 242–3
DDR and weapons destruction 2003 155–6, 2005 277, 2005 287
disarmament and development 2003 155–6
global measures 2001 277
Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 265
military protection for personnel on humanitarian missions 2002 189–90
monitoring 2004 257, 2004 258–63, 2004 269, 2004 271
research on legal transfers 2001 143
supply-side controls 2001 223
UN Biennial Meeting of States 2004 2
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238
UN Programme of Action 2002 229
UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 205, 2002 217–18
urban armed violence 2007 178
non-guided light weapons
licensed and unlicensed production 2007 20, 2007 21–2
trade 2011 23–9
non-lethal weapons 2005 16, 2005 51, 2005 53
see also less-lethal weapons
definition 2011 72
policing 2004 221–4
technological developments 2003 25
228
non-state actors
anti-tank guided weapons 2008 20
diversion from national stockpiles 2008 53–6
improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2008 14–15, 2008 31
light weapons holdings 2008 15–16, 2008 17–18, 2008 31, 2008 32–3
non-state armed groups
see also armed groups; guerrillas; insurgents; rebel groups
battlefield seizures and war booty 2002 138–9
Brazil 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11
Central African Republic 2005 304, 2005 305, 2005 312
conflict goods 2002 139–41, 2002 142
conflict use 2005 181
definition 2006 248, 2010 116, 2010 256–7
diversions to, ammunition 2007 289–312
dormant or active 2010 116–17
identity change 2010 118
illicit transfers to 2007 91
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 123–4
arms embargoes 2002 131–3
complicity in violations of international law 2007 131
control measures 2007 117, 2007 119, 2007 123–4, 2007 128, 2007 129, 2007 131,
2007 132–5
diversion of legal arms to 2002 128–31
grey market 2001 166, 2001 167, 2001 168–9
international law 2007 131, 2007 132–5
Middle East 2002 130
OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 212
patterns 2001 168
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239–40
UN Programme of Action 2002 219–20, 2002 224–5
international law 2002 179
Iraq 2005 73
MANPADS controls 2005 127–8, 2005 133
megaslums 2007 168
membership 2010 116–17, 2010 118–19
Middle East 2002 130
Philippines 2001 183–4
politization of humanitarian action 2002 186
pro-government groups 2010 94–5, 2010 255–72
resources 2005 186–7
ruling groups 2010 117–18
small arms ownership 2010 102–5, 2010 116–24
South Sudan 2007 317, 2007 318–26, 2007 341–4
spectrum of 2010 256–8
stockpile liquidity 2002 314
stockpiles 2001 77–83
transfers to, weapons prices 2007 267
229
Uganda 2007 289–301
UN Programme of Action 2002 219–20, 2002 222, 2002 224–5
weapons collection, assessment of 2002 314–15
non-transfer clauses, end-use assurances 2002 250
NonLethal Technologies Inc (United States), kinetic energy weapons 2011 81
Nordic Ammunition (Norway), ammunition production 2001 15
Norinco (North Industries Corporation) (China)
AK-47, prices 2007 260
ammunition
exports, to Uganda 2007 293, 2007 294
tracing 2007 291
company profile 2000 2002 23, 2002 55
factory in Myanmar 2001 43
financial indicators 2000 2002 21
illegal domestic gun trade 2002 96
licensed production 2007 11, 2007 18, 2007 19
machine guns 2004 32
major producers by weapon type 2004 27, 2004 29
most important companies 2003 15
most popular small arms 2001 21
RPG-7 variants 2004 36
sub-machine guns 2004 31
survey of producers 2001 44–5
transfers to Central Africa 2001 108
Uzi sub-machine gun 2001 19
weapons used in crime in the United States 2001 24
norm entrepreneurs 2003 221–2
norms 2002 283, 2003 215–48
North Africa, Bamako Declaration (2000) (OAU) 2002 213–14
North America
exports, value 2000 2003 100
firearm homicides and suicides 2008 219
illicit transfers 2001 83, 2001 188–9
imports, value 2000 2003 100
insurgents and other non-state combatants 1999 2001 79
production 2004 9, 2004 10
distribution of producing companies 2001 10, 2003 12, 2003 14
distribution of producing countries 2001 10, 2002 11, 2002 12, 2003 11
regional survey 2001 25–7
stockpiles 2002 83–6
violence and crime 2004 173, 2004 176, 2004 177, 2004 178, 2004 180, 2004 199–200
young men, proportion of population 2006 299
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
ammunition 2005 12
brokering 2004 154
control measures 2001 273–4
DDR and weapons collection 2003 299, 2005 287
230
Balkans 2001 177
FYROM 2003 289
looted arms in Albania 2001 201
Macedonia 2002 293
peace operations 2003 292
destruction programme assistance 2008 78, 2008 80, 2008 94, 2008 97
Kazakhstan 2008 98–9
East Central European countries 2001 35
Georgia 2003 193
Kosovo Force (KFOR) 2005 205, 2005 219, 2005 221
licensed production 2007 12
MANPADS 2004 79, 2004 81, 2004 92
membership requirements 2008 103–4
military procurement 2006 10, 2006 11, 2006 21, 2006 22, 2006 23, 2006 25
Non-Lethal Doctrine 2011 86
Partnership for Peace (PfP) 2002 260, 2005 72–4
Serbia and Montenegro, bombing of 2003 46
Turkey 2001 39–40
North Korea
diversion, weapons from China to Sri Lanka 2008 121
exports 2001 148
military firearms 2002 116
transparency 2006 65, 2006 80, 2006 81, 2007 74, 2007 87, 2007 89, 2009 8, 2009 50,
2010 8, 2010 13, 2010 15, 2011 15, 2011 17
unreported 2009 8, 2009 31
value 2002 2005 101
value 2003 2006 68, 2006 71
illicit transfers from 2011 28–9
to the LTTE in Sri Lanka 2001 182
Thailand as a transit country 2002 143
imports
human rights 2004 126, 2004 128, 2004 131
irresponsible transfers to 2007 103
MANPADS 2004 88, 2004 89
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 277
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed and unlicensed 2007 15, 2007 21
light weapons 2008 35
MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82, 2007 21
survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 57
stockpiles 2005 83, 2005 85
military 2002 77, 2006 48, 2006 49, 2006 52, 2006 57
North Ossetia, conflict with Georgia 2003 194
North Sudan DDR Commission (NSDDRC) 2007 332–3
North Yemen see Yemen Arab Republic
Northeast Asia
231
exports 2003 100
insurgents and other non-state combatants 2001 79, 2001 83
stockpiles 2005 71–2, 2005 78, 2005 79–85
Northern Alliance (Afghanistan) 2009 288
foreign government support for 2002 130–1
guided light weapons holdings 2008 32
illicit transfers to 2007 135
from Russia 2003 111
through Kyrgyzstan 2004 322, 2004 323
stockpiles, 2002 update 2002 102
Northern Ireland
disarmament 2002 292–3, 2002 311, 2003 284–6, 2003 297, 2006 260
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 203, 2001 239
illicit transfers using the internet 2001 188
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 33
policing 2004 221–2, 2004 223, 2004 234–5
post-conflict outcome 2009 227
rubber bullets 2005 16
stockpiles
civilian holdings 2001 203, 2001 239
terrorism 2002 88, 2002 292–3, 2002 311, 2003 72, 2003 284–6, 2003 297, 2006 260
young men and small arms 2006 305
Northern Territory (Australia)
civilian firearms
prohibited and restricted 2011 269
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 279
Northwest Frontier Province, illicit craft production 2003 32
Norway
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
brokering 2004 161
extraterritorial jurisdiction 2004 158
international cooperation on 2004 150
licensing 2004 155, 2004 156, 2004 157
penalties 2004 160
registration 2004 159
reporting obligations 2004 160
disarmament 2009 163
export controls 2009 66
enforcement 2009 86
exceptions 2009 78
licensing authorities 2009 89
licensing systems 2009 71, 2009 74
re-export provisions 2009 83
transfer criteria 2009 91, 2009 93, 2009 95
exports
ammunition 2009 15
annual value 2001 148
232
average annual value 2001 147
irresponsible transfers from 2007 102, 2007 106
list of importers 2005 106, 2005 107, 2005 108, 2006 76, 2006 77
military small arms and light weapons 2009 23
muzzle-loading firearms 2002 114
national reporting 2001 151, 2002 120
share of total arms exports 2001 144
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 24
transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 74, 2007 87, 2007 88, 2009 8, 2009
49, 2010 15, 2011 16
trends 2000 2003 108
value 2001 2004 105
value 2002 2005 104
value 2003 2006 71
firearm homicides and suicides
1998 2001 209, 2001 240
and civilian ownership 1999 2001 203, 2001 239
human development indicators 2001 233, 2001 241
imports 2003 111, 2004 110, 2004 123, 2005 103, 2005 105, 2005 108, 2006 70, 2006 72,
2006 77
OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 211
policing 2004 221
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2002 51, 2007 15
light weapons 2008 35
MANPADS 2004 81
manufacturing sectors 2005 61
most important companies 2003 15
survey of producers 2001 53, 2002 57
small arms per person 2008 87, 2008 88
stockpiles
civilian holdings 2001 203, 2001 239, 2003 65
correlation of registered to unregistered firearms 2007 56
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
military 2001 73, 2001 76, 2006 43, 2006 44, 2006 45, 2006 51, 2006 53
police 2001 70, 2005 78, 2006 43
stolen firearms 2004 63
surplus weapons 2008 89, 2009 68
UN Programme of Action 2002 210, 2002 221, 2002 223
weapons collection programmes 2003 281
Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers (NISAT) 2005 98
ammunition 2010 18
data on legal transfers 2001 143, 2009 28, 2009 33
global update 2006 66
initiatives in the Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 265
233
Norwegian exports 2001 151
security sector reform 2003 153
Small Arms Black Market File Archive, prices 2007 260
al-Nour, Atom 2007 324
November 17 terrorist organization 2003 72
NOVIB, Burundi 2007 197
NPCs see national points of contact
NPFL see National Patriotic Front of Liberia
NR1 Light Automatic Rifle 2001 41, 2002 46
NRA see National Resistance Army; National Rifle Association
NSA see Small Arms Consultative Group Process
NSAs see non-state armed groups
NSCN see National Socialist Council of Nagaland
NSDDRC see North Sudan DDR Commission
NSV heavy machine gun 2004 32, 2004 34
Ntaryamira, Cyprien 2007 199
Ntibantunganya, Sylvestre 2007 199
Ntoumi faction 2003 257–8, 2003 269
Nuer people (Sudan), tribal conflict 2010 286–8
Nuestra Familia (NF) (United States) 2010 161
Numbers gangs (South Africa) 2010 162–4
Nyangoma, Léonard 2007 218
Nyarweng 2007 334
Nyerere, Julius, Burundi 2007 199
OAGs (South Sudan) see Other Armed Groups
OAS see Organization of American States
OAU see Organization of African Unity
Objective Individual Combat Weapon (OICW) 2002 34, 2003 23–4, 2006 10, 2006 24
Obote, Milton 2005 196, 2006 274
obsolete weapons
disposal 2004 56–60
military stockpiles 2001 65, 2006 54, 2006 56, 2006 57–8
Occidental Airlines 2001 121, 2001 122, 2001 172
Occupied Palestinian Territory
attacks on schools 2009 204
health care 2009 207
Oceania, young men, proportion of population 2006 299
ODA see overseas development assistance
OECD see Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
OEF see Operation Enduring Freedom
Oerlikon-Contraves (Switzerland) 2001 32, 2002 12, 2002 34, 2002 38
OEWG see United Nations (UN), Open-Ended Working Group on Tracing Illicit Small Arms
and Light Weapons
O.F. Mossberg & Sons (United States) 2005 54
12GA Shotgun, used in crime in the US 2001 24
company profile 2000 2002 29
234
financial indicators 2002 21, 2002 28
survey of producers 2001 26
OFB (India), licensed production 2007 18
official reports, conflict deaths 2005 233–5
offset arrangements 2007 10–11, 2007 12, 2008 20
offshore banking, brokers 2001 104–5, 2004 144
Oficina de Control y Comercio de Armas y Explosivos (OCCAE) (Colombia) 2006 219–20
Ogaden National Liberation Front 2010 315
Ohrid peace accord (2001) 2003 289
OICW see Objective Individual Combat Weapon
oil
brokers 2001 107
conflict goods 2002 142
South Sudan 2007 324, 2007 333
Sudan 2010 295–6
Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) sprays 2004 223
OLS see Operation Lifeline Sudan
Oman
imports 2003 111, 2005 104, 2006 70
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 278
production 2002 19
stockpiles 2005 88, 2005 89
Yemen 2003 175
Omani Popular Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arab Gulf 2003 175
Omega Foundation 2004 11
ONUB see United Nations Operation in Burundi
O’odua People’s Congress (OPC) (Nigeria) 2006 249
OPA see Ouagadougou Political Agreement
OPC see O’odua People’s Congress
Open General Export Licences (OGELs) 2009 79–80
Open Society Institute 2001 214
Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), Afghanistan 2009 285, 2009 288–9
Operation Essential Harvest (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) 2002 293, 2002 302,
2003 281, 2003 289
Opération Licorne (Operation Unicorn) 2011 196, 2011 197, 2011 216
Operation Lifeline Sudan (OLS) 2001 174–5
Operation Lightning Thunder 2010 289
Operation Rachel (Mozambique) 2002 295, 2003 244, 2003 279
Operation Sovereign Legitimacy (OSLEG) (Zimbabwe) 2001 108
opinio juris 2003 218
opium
conflict goods 2002 142
production, Afghanistan 2009 307
OPM see Organisasi Papua Merdeka
opportunity costs 2001 233–4
opportunity reduction, national control of civilian ownership 2002 263
optics systems manufacturing 2005 46, 2005 58–62
235
Orbis (Slovenia) 2003 46
Ordnance Development and Engineering Company of Singapore, licensed production 2007 18
Ordnance Factories (India), survey of producers 2001 42
Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM) (West Papua Independence Movement) 2006 253
Organization of African Unity (OAU) (now African Union)
Bamako Declaration (2000) 2002 213–14, 2011 264
ammunition 2005 24, 2005 28–9
demand for small arms 2006 143
light weapons 2005 125, 2005 126, 2005 136
marking 2002 246
regional norms 2003 238, 2003 242, 2003 245
control measures 2001 265–6
peacekeeping force in Somalia 2007 94
transfers from Russia 2001 266
Organization of American States (OAS)
brokering 2001 128–9, 2002 25–6, 2004 143, 2004 147–9, 2004 152, 2004 166
firearms instruments 2001 252–7
Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms,
Ammunition, Explosives, and Other Related Materials (1997) 2001 253, 2005 24,
2005 124–5, 2007 73
brokering 2002 256
Central America 2001 256–7
implementation 2001 255
MANPADS 2005 136
marking 2002 245–6, 2002 247
norms 2003 236
stockpile management 2002 259
UN Firearms Protocol (2001) 2001 278, 2002 238
UN Small Arms Conference, influence on 2002 210
member states 2001 253
Model Regulations 2001 253–6, 2001 257, 2005 24, 2005 124, 2005 125, 2009 62, 2009 63
Model Regulations on brokering (2003) 2010 49–50
Venezuelan coup attempt 2002 2007 80
weapons collection, Nicaragua 2002 292–4
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 2005 277
Anti-bribery Convention (1997), brokering 2002 258
Development Assistance Committee 2007 127, 2007 178
Overseas Development Assistance (ODA) 2001 233
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
air transport control 2010 46–7, 2010 48–9
brokering 2001 127, 2002 256, 2004 149–50
control measures 2001 127, 2001 273–4, 2001 274–6
destruction programme assistance 2008 78, 2008 94, 2008 97, 2008 98
disarmament and development 2003 154
Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons (2000) 2001 275, 2005 24, 2005 125–6,
2007 26, 2007 30–1, 2008 79, 2009 62, 2009 63, 2009 69, 2009 82
end-use assurances 2002 252
236
humanitarian law 2002 182, 2002 183
marking 2002 246
military stockpiles 2006 59
stockpile security 2002 259
transfers and human rights 2004 125
UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 211–12
embargoes
2001 2002 133
on Armenia 2001 180
on Azerbaijan 2001 180
government information on exports 2003 98
Handbook of Best Practices on Small Arms and Light Weapons (2003) 2009 62
surplus identification 2008 81
transfer controls 2008 159–62
intellectual property rights 2007 24, 2007 26
intergovernmental transparency 2004 114
Kyrgyzstan 2004 312
licensed production 2007 26, 2007 28, 2007 30–1
looted arms in Albania 2001 201
MANPADS 2004 93, 2005 123, 2005 127–8, 2005 130–8
monitoring 2001 144, 2004 253
Principles Governing Conventional Arms Transfers 2004 125, 2009 91
regional norms 2003 236
stockpile security 2002 260
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe-Development Assistance Committee
(OECD-DAC), security sector reform 2006 134
organizational factors, use of weapons in armed conflict 2005 179, 2005 180–1, 2005 188–99,
2005 200
organized crime
Brazil 2007 227, 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11
brokers 2001 97, 2001 101
Central and South Asia 2003 111
Colombia 2006 219, 2006 227–30
demand for small arms 2006 146–8
effects of small arms misuse 2001 220–1
Georgia 2003 202, 2003 206–7, 2003 208–9, 2003 210
illicit transfers
from Argentina 2001 185
arms brokers 2001 97
to Chile 2001 185
to Papua New Guinea 2001 184
Russian Federation 2001 177–9
South Caucasus 2001 179–80
Inter-American Convention 2001 278, 2001 279
Ireland 2007 44
norms 2003 223
South America 2006 83
237
stockpiles 2001 77–83
theft of civilian weapons 2008 63–4
transfers to non-state actors 2007 133
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 237, 2002 238
urban armed violence 2007 169–73, 2007 176, 2007 179–81
Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) (Ethiopia), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32
Oryx Diamonds 2001 108–9
OSCE see Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
OSLEG see Operation Sovereign Legitimacy
Other Armed Groups (OAGs) (South Sudan) 2007 317, 2007 318–19, 2007 320–6, 2007 332,
2007 340–4
Ottawa Convention (1997) see Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production
and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction
Ottawa process, norms 2003 221
Otterloo, use for diversion of weapons 2008 116, 2008 121, 2008 158
Ottoman Empire 2003 172–4, 2005 208–10
Ouagadougou Political Agreement (2007) (OPA) 2011 193, 2011 216–17, 2011 220
Ouattara, Alassane 2011 193, 2011 196, 2011 219, 2011 220
outcome evaluation, weapons collection programmes 2002 312
outcomes, type of weapons used 2005 182–7
Outsourcing Services Ltd 2011 148
overseas development assistance (ODA)
costs of conflict 2001 233
disarmament 2003 155
effects of small arms misuse 2003 144
Oxfam
Burundi 2007 197
demand for small arms 2006 144
security of personnel 2002 189, 2002 196
PA see Palestinian Authority
Pacific 2004 5, 2004 277–305
see also Asia-Pacific
ammunition 2005 21
civilian ownership 2004 282–3
control legislation 2004 300–3
costs of firearm misuse 2004 290–6
disarmament 2004 296–300
exports 2003 100
illicit transfers 2001 182, 2001 184
imports 2003 100
production 2003 11–12
stockpiles 2003 88–9, 2004 55, 2004 56, 2004 277, 2004 280–5
trade 2004 280–90
Pacific Islands
illicit craft production 2003 35–6
regional norms 2003 236–7
238
Pacific Islands Forum 2004 252, 2004 278–9
light weapons 2005 125, 2005 126
pain and suffering, costs of small arms violence 2006 191, 2006 192, 2006 196
Pakistan
conflict weapons and crime 2004 195
control measures 2002 100
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 123
regional cooperation on small arms 2002 216
exports
annual value 2001 148
human rights 2004 128, 2004 130, 2004 131
irresponsible transfers from 2007 91, 2007 98
transparency 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17
unofficial information on 2001 158
unreported 2009 8, 2009 31
value 2001 2004 102, 2004 103, 2004 105
value 2002 2005 101, 2005 104
value 2003 2006 68, 2006 71
homicides, Karachi 2007 175
illicit transfers from
to Afghanistan 2001 180–1, 2003 112
to Azerbaijan 2001 180
Thailand as a transit country 2002 143
imports 2004 101, 2004 123
human rights 2004 131
irresponsible transfers to 2007 103–4
list of exporters 2006 72
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 33
prices
black-market prices for AK47 rifle 2002 66
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 263, 2007 278
production
ammunition 2001 15
global ranking of countries 2001 16
heavy machine guns 2008 21
illicit craft production 2001 46–7, 2002 67, 2003 9, 2003 27, 2003 32–3
licensed 2002 51, 2007 15, 2007 19, 2007 21
light weapons 2008 35
MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82
manufacturing sectors 2005 47, 2005 48, 2005 60
most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 19, 2001 20
RPG-7 manufacture 2004 36
survey of producers 2001 42, 2001 43, 2001 53, 2002 57
sponsorship of Kashmiri militants 2010 117
stockpiles 2002 100–1
civilian holdings 2001 87, 2002 80, 2003 33, 2007 47–8
military 2002 100, 2006 57
239
tribal militias 2010 272
weapons collection programmes 2002 296–7, 2003 280
Pakistan Ordnance Factories (POF)
joint venture with Saudi producers 2002 53
licensed production 2002 50, 2002 51, 2002 53, 2007 19
links with Iranian producers 2002 52
links with Sudan 2002 18–19
manufacturing sectors 2005 57
survey of producers 2001 43
Palau
civilian ownership 2004 283
gun control measures 2004 302
stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284
Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) 2009 319
illicit transfers to 2002 131
Palestinian Authority (PA)
guided light weapons holdings 2008 33
illicit transfers to 2002 131
MANPADS 2004 89
policing 2004 240
stockpiles 2003 78
Palestinian Territories
Al-Qassam rockets 2008 15
ammunition 2005 23
black-market prices 2002 66, 2002 67, 2002 68
effects of small arms misuse 2003 132
former insurgents becoming legitimate authorities 2001 83
human rights violations 2007 79–80
irresponsible transfers to 2007 79–80
non-state actors
foreign government support for 2002 130
group goals 2005 189
illicit transfers to 2002 131
light weapons holdings 2008 15, 2008 33
prices 2002 66, 2002 67, 2002 68, 2002 70
production 2002 19
stockpiles 2002 90–4
military 2005 88
mortars 2002 73
police 2005 89
reserve 2001 80
Palestinians
Intifada, casualties 2002 165
production, craft production 2002 17
Palipe-Agakiza (Burundi) 2007 203
Palipehutu-FNL see Parti de libération du peuple hutu-Forces nationales de libération
Palleros, Diego 2001 102
240
Panama
brokering 2004 141
conflict, economic effects of 2001 232
control measures
Framework Agreement for Democratic Security in Central America 2001 257
Inter-American Convention 2001 256
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 97
diversion, weapons to Colombia 2008 121, 2008 124, 2008 126, 2008 129
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 232
gangs
gun ownership 2010 112, 2010 113
membership 2010 106, 2010 107
illicit transfers from
Argentina to Croatia 2001 102
to Colombia 2001 189, 2004 130, 2005 162, 2006 85, 2006 222
imports 2006 71
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 278
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 302, 2002 311, 2003 280, 2005 290
pandillas
Central America 2010 138
Ecuador 2010 211
Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council Sanctions against UNITA (Fowler Report)
2002 184
Panguna Mine (Bougainville) 2003 302
Panzerfaust shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71, 2008 25
PAP see People’s Armed Police
Papua New Guinea (PNG) 2006 165–84
ammunition
availability 2005 19
use of expanding bullets 2005 22–3
Bougainville conflict 2003 302, 2004 293–6, 2005 292
civilian firearms
licences 2011 280
prohibited and restricted 2011 271
reporting requirements 2011 290
storage requirements 2011 291
transfer regulation 2011 283
use regulation 2011 284
user regulation 2011 277, 2011 280
demand for small arms 2006 146–9, 2006 151–4, 2006 156, 2006 157–8
disarmament 2003 288
diversion of arms and ammunition 2008 48–9
firearm-related violence 2006 175–8
illicit transfers to 2001 184
241
smuggling 2004 277, 2004 285–6
imports 2004 280, 2004 281, 2004 282
mining, security 2011 142
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
prices 2006 176–8
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 263, 2007 278
private security companies 2011 113, 2011 116, 2011 117–18, 2011 142
production 2001 16, 2001 53, 2002 57
illicit craft production 2003 36, 2004 288
security sector reform 2008 104
small arms per person 2008 87, 2008 88
stockpiles 2003 88, 2003 89
civilian holdings 2001 85, 2004 283, 2004 301, 2004 302, 2006 175–8
leakage 2004 288, 2004 289
military 2006 44, 2006 51
police 2006 41, 2006 43
state 2004 284
surplus weapons 2008 89
destruction 2008 104, 2008 105
violence and crime 2004 295, 2006 178–83
Para-Ordnance (Canada) 2001 27
Parabellum 9 mm 2011 74
Paraguay
control measures
MERCOSUR 2001 258
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
disarmament 2009 163
illicit transfers from 2001 185–6, 2009 44
ammunition to Brazil 2005 26
to Colombia 2004 130, 2005 163
to Brazil 2007 306
transit trade 2006 83, 2006 222
imports 2001 157, 2002 117
from Brazil 2004 123, 2007 96–7
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 278
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2002 45
survey of producers 2001 28, 2001 53, 2002 57, 2004 18, 2004 25
stockpiles 2004 51, 2004 52
surplus weapons 2008 84
parallel permit, civilian firearms 2011 281
paramilitaries
see also militias
Colombia 2006 215, 2006 216–17, 2006 235
amnesties for 2006 263
command and control 2006 221
242
conflict-related civilian killings 2006 223–4
DDR programmes 2006 233–4
illicit trafficking 2006 222–3
stockpiles 2006 220–1
demand for small arms 2006 146–8
Georgia 2003 205–6
Haiti 2007 174
Northern Ireland 2003 284–6, 2006 305
peace settlements, weapons collection 2002 292–3
South Sudan 2007 317, 2007 318
stockpiles 2001 71–2, 2001 74, 2006 42, 2006 43
sub-machine guns, technological developments 2003 22
transfers to non-state actors 2007 133
typology of armed groups 2006 250
urban armed violence 2007 183
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 182
political 2007 174
young men and small arms 2006 305
Parana state (Brazil), firearm homicides 2007 241
Pare 2007 337
parental notification, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 181
Paris Agreements (1991) 2006 120
Paris Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces or Armed Groups
(2007) 2009 208
Parker, Cornelia 2005 157
parliamentary transparency 2004 114
Partai Aceh 2009 263
Parti congolais du travail (PCT) (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256–8, 2003 260–2, 2003
264–5, 2003 267
Parti de libération du peuple hutu-Forces nationales de libération (Palipehutu-FNL) (Burundi)
2007 86, 2007 120, 2007 197, 2007 199–200, 2008 196–7
participation, weapons collection programmes 2002 299, 2002 313
participatory monitoring and evaluation (PM&E) 2002 313
participatory rural or urban appraisal (PRA/PUA) 2002 313, 2004 191
parts transfers 2006 68–73, 2006 75–8
Party of Democratic Kampuchea (PDK) (Khmer Rouge) 2006 120–1, 2006 125, 2006 126
ammunition availability 2005 18, 2005 19
conflict goods 2002 142
disarmament 2003 299
illicit transfers from, to the LTTE in Sri Lanka 2001 183
illicit transfers to 2002 129
Pasteur Ntoumi 2003 257–8, 2003 269
pastoralists
disarmament 2002 291, 2003 312
effects of small arms misuse 2003 141, 2003 143, 2003 147
humanitarian impacts 2002 160
Kenya 2003 141
243
South Sudan 2007 326, 2007 327–31, 2007 329, 2007 333–5, 2007 337–8
Uganda 2002 291, 2007 289, 2007 290–301
Pastrana, President Andres 2003 87
Patassé, President Ange-Félix 2005 303, 2005 305–9, 2005 311, 2005 314–16, 2005 319, 2005
324–5
path dependence, popularity of the AK-47 2007 259
pathways model, violence risks 2008 251–3
patriarchy, child soldiers 2001 229
Patriotic Movement against Crime (MPCD) (El Salvador) 2002 294
Patriotic Movement of Côte d’Ivoire (MPCI) see Mouvement patriotique du Côte d’Ivoire
Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), firearms 2010 122
patronage systems
Cambodia 2006 121–2, 2006 132, 2006 135, 2006 136
South Sudan 2007 320–1
Patten Report 2004 223, 2004 234–5
PBRs see plastic baton rounds
PCASED see Plan of Action for the Implementation of the Programme for Coordination and
Assistance for Security and Development
PCC see Primeiro Comando da Capital
PCT see Parti congolais du travail
PDF see Popular Defence Force
PDK see Party of Democratic Kampuchea
PDW see personal defence weapons
peace agreements 2009 225, 2010 312
Peace and Conflict Impact Assessment, Madagascar 2011 167
Peace Monitoring Group (PMG), Bougainville 2003 302
peace monuments, weapons collection 2002 288, 2002 310
peace process, disarmament 2002 292–3, 2003 277–316
peace-building, weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 279, 2002 285–97, 2002
311
Peacebuilding Commission 2009 231
peacekeeping operations
attacks by Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 276
Cambodia 2006 121–2
DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2002 286, 2003 290–308, 2005 277, 2005 280
deaths of personnel 2002 187–8
deteriorating security 2001 226–9
diversion from, Burundi 2007 85–6
effectiveness 2009 224
Georgia 2003 209, 2003 210
illegal sales of weapons by 2006 255
International Tracing Instrument 2006 99, 2006 100, 2006 108, 2006 111
international transfers 2009 9, 2009 37–9, 2009 78
mandate for 2003 295–6
post-conflict security and development 2005 276
transfers to non-state actors 2007 134
weapons lost by 2005 320
244
peak procurement (Pp) 2006 9–11, 2006 12, 2006 13–27
Pecos, diversion of weapons to Liberia 2008 117, 2008 121, 2008 146
peer pressure, Papua New Guinea 2006 182
Pelican Bay prison 2010 162
penalties
cost/benefit of illicit possession 2006 154–5
disarming ex-combatants 2002 306
national control of civilian ownership 2002 267
weapons collection 2002 286
Phase I 2002 287
People Against Gangsterism and Drugs (South Africa) 2007 183
People’s Armed Police (PAP) (China), stockpiles 2006 42
People’s Army for the Restoration of Democracy (Armée Populaire pour la Restauration de la
République et la Démocratie), arms depots 2010 322
People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen 2003 170, 2003 175
end-user certificates 2008 128, 2008 158
People’s Liberation Army (PLA) (China), stockpiles 2002 76, 2002 94–5, 2006 49
People’s War doctrine, military stockpiles 2002 74, 2002 76–7, 2002 95, 2004 60, 2006 45,
2006 47–50, 2006 52
Pepper, John V. 2006 143
pepper spray 2004 223
perestroika, Georgia 2003 192
performances, firearm use 2011 286
permit to acquire, civilian firearms 2011 281
permit to carry, civilian firearms 2011 281
Pernambuco state (Brazil), firearm homicides 2007 241
personal defence weapons (PDW), technological developments 2003 22
personal security, transfers, civilian weapons 2003 102–3
personalized gun technology 2011 79–80
Peru
conflict deaths 2005 240, 2005 242–3, 2005 246–7
control measures, OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
disarmament 2009 163
diversion
ammunition 2008 52
weapons to Colombia 2008 113, 2008 120, 2008 123, 2008 126, 2008 134, 2008 136
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 233, 2001 241, 2003 138
gangs, rehabilitation 2010 222
illicit transfers from, to Colombia 2001 187, 2004 130, 2005 163, 2006 222
illicit weapons 2006 83, 2006 84, 2006 86
imports 2006 71
from Brazil 2004 123
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
prices
consumer taste 2002 70
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 278
prison gangs, firearms 2010 173
245
prison rebellions 2010 166–7
private security companies
abuses 2011 148–9, 2011 153
personnel 2011 105
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
survey of producers 2001 53, 2002 57, 2004 18, 2004 25
small arms per person 2008 87, 2008 88
state sponsorship of militias 2010 117
stockpiles 2004 51, 2004 53
surplus weapons 2008 84, 2008 89
weapons collection programmes 2003 280
Peshawar District, Pakistan 2004 195
peshmerga, membership 2010 118–19
Petrie, Carol V. 2006 143
PFLP see Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
PG-7 warhead, identifying marks 2009 118
PGAGs see pro-government armed groups
Phase I weapons collection 2002 286–7, 2002 288–91
Phase II weapons collection 2002 286, 2002 292–7
Philadelphia (United States), municipal armed violence reduction programmes 2007 185
Philippines
armed groups 2002 98–9, 2006 253, 2010 319
child mortality 2002 173
crime 2007 145
DDR programmes 2005 284–5, 2009 185
destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 97
disarmament 2009 163
exports
irresponsible transfers from 2007 101, 2007 107
transparency 2011 17
value 2001 148
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 233, 2001 241, 2003 138
illicit transfers from 2001 184
illicit transfers to 2001 183–4
from Libya 2001 170
Thailand as a transit country 2002 143
imports
1994–1998 2001 156
from Brazil 2004 123
disturbing transfers 2001 155
irresponsible transfers to 2007 104
list of exporters 2005 103
pistols and revolvers 2002 114, 2009 22
from the United States 2001 154, 2002 86, 2003 107, 2004 121
value 2002 2005 106, 2005 108
value 2003 2006 74
246
military procurement 2006 18, 2006 30
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 184
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 15
non-state armed groups 2010 117
firearms 2010 122
policing 2004 225, 2004 226
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 263, 2007 278
private security companies, firearms 2011 117
production
craft production 2007 145
global ranking of countries 2001 16
illicit craft production 2001 46, 2003 9, 2003 33–5
licensed 2002 51, 2007 15, 2007 18
light weapons 2008 35
manufacturing sectors 2005 47
most popular small arms 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 44, 2001 53, 2002 57
reform measures 2004 67
small arms seizures 2002 138, 2002 139
stockpiles 2002 97
civilian holdings 2001 86, 2002 79, 2002 80, 2003 34–5, 2007 47–8, 2007 145
national registration data 2007 50
insurgents 2002 98–9
law enforcement 2006 41
security 2004 55, 2004 56, 2004 63
urban violence 2007 144–59
young men and small arms 2006 305
Phnom Penh (Cambodia), weapons collection 2002 296
Physicians for Human Rights 2005 242
PIAT rocket launcher 2008 25
pilots, air cargo companies 2001 115
Pima (Bulgaria) 2003 44
Piorun missile 2011 33
pipe guns, South Africa 2001 46
‘pipette’ method, illicit imports into Brazil 2006 84
piracy, effects of small arms misuse 2003 142
pistols
ammunition types 2005 12
Burundi 2007 204
Colombia 2006 218, 2006 222, 2006 223, 2006 225, 2006 231
crime
in Latin America 2002 175
United States 2001 23
customs code 2009 10
Ecuador 2004 24
exports
Comtrade data 1994–1998 2001 146, 2001 147
247
craft production 2004 24
customs data 1999 2002 113, 2002 114, 2002 115
from the Czech Republic 2003 109
major exporters 2003 2006 68–73
trade decline 2003 102–3
trends 1995-1999 2002 147
from the United States 2001 54, 2001 155, 2004 121
Georgia 2003 203–4
imports
customs data 1999 2002 113, 2002 114, 2002 115
to Cyprus 2003 105
to Guatemala 2003 115
major importers 2003 2006 75–8
trade decline 2003 102–3
to the United States 2003 105–6
Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83, 2007 84
military procurement 2006 12, 2006 13, 2006 18
most popular small arms products 2001 18, 2001 21
production
Argentina 2004 20
Austria 2001 31
Brazil 2004 22, 2007 94–7
Canada 2001 27
global production 2001 13
Glock 2002 30
licensed 2007 18
manufacturing sectors 2005 45, 2005 51, 2005 53, 2005 54
most popular military weapons 2004 27–8, 2004 34
most popular small arms 2004 8
technological developments 2003 22, 2003 23
United States 2001 26, 2001 27, 2002 27, 2002 29, 2003 17, 2003 18
seizures in Afghanistan 2003 76
South Africa 2001 21
South America 2006 86
stockpiles
military 2006 37, 2006 53, 2006 54–6
police firearms 2001 69, 2001 70
US Army inventory 2001 2002 84
transfers
2000–2006 2009 12, 2009 14, 2009 20–2
2006 2009 28–30, 2009 39–43
undocumented 2009 31, 2009 43
United States 2004 13, 2004 14, 2004 119, 2004 120
PJV see Porgera joint venture
PK machine gun, Burundi 2007 204
PKK see Kurdistan Workers’ Party
PKM light machine gun 2006 283
248
Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83
PLA see People’s Liberation Army
Plan of Action for the Implementation of the Programme for Coordination and Assistance for
Security and Development (PCASED) 2001 259, 2001 260
plastic baton rounds (PBRs) 2004 223, 2004 234–5, 2005 16
PLO see Palestine Liberation Organisation
PMCs see private military companies
PMG see Peace Monitoring Group
PMPAs see armed parties and political movements
PNDR see Programme national de désarmement et de reinsertion
PNG see Papua New Guinea
PoA see United Nations (UN), Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit
Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects
poaching
Central African Republic 2005 310, 2005 321, 2005 324
Republic of the Congo 2003 272
POF see Pakistan Ordnance Factories
Pointe Noire (Republic of the Congo), stockpiles 2003 259, 2003 261
Poland
border seizures 2005 115, 2005 116
brokering 2002 254–5, 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 157, 2004 159, 2004 160, 2004 161
diversion, weapons from Latvia to Somalia 2008 120, 2008 124, 2008 158
EU membership 2008 103
exports
annual value 2001 148
government information on 2003 98
human rights 2004 129, 2004 130
irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 2007 100, 2007 102, 2007 104
list of importers 2005 107
military firearms 2001 147, 2002 116, 2009 35
military small arms and light weapons 2009 24
pistols and revolvers 2001 147, 2009 21
transparency 2005 110, 2009 49, 2010 15, 2011 16
to the United States 2003 39
unofficial information on 2001 158
imports
grenade launchers 2011 26
list of exporters 2005 103, 2006 73
recoilless guns 2011 27
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 24
value 2002 2005 106, 2005 108
value 2003 2006 77
NATO membership 2008 103
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 278
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
production
licensed 2007 15, 2007 17, 2007 21
249
light weapons 2008 35
MANPADS 2004 82, 2011 33
manufacturing sectors 2005 61
RPG-7 manufacture 2004 36
survey of producers 2001 34, 2001 35, 2001 37, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 42
unlicensed 2007 17
Spike ATGW production agreement 2008 20
stockpiles
civilian 2003 65, 2003 68
military 2006 57
surplus weapons, transferred to Afghanistan and Iraq 2008 79
theft of MANPADS 2008 53
polarization, demand for small arms 2006 143
Police Mobile Brigade (Brimbo) (Indonesia) 2007 78
Police nationale du Burundi 2007 207
police stockpiles 2006 39–43
Africa 2003 80, 2003 81
ammunition, diversions 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11
automatic rifles 2006 56
Brazil, diversions from 2007 303–11
by country 2006 40–1
Central African Republic 2005 311, 2005 312, 2005 314
Central America 2003 90
China 2002 95, 2005 81
Colombia 2006 219–20
data on 2007 42–3
Denmark 2002 88
diversions from 2002 137–8, 2006 39, 2006 83, 2006 255
Colombia 2005 161
Georgia 2003 196, 2005 171–2
Haiti 2005 163–4
loss of weapons 2006 39–40
Republic of the Congo 2003 259–61
Tajikistan 2005 170
East Africa 2003 84
Europe 2003 66
Georgia 2003 196
global distribution 2001 4, 2002 103
global estimates 2001 59, 2001 68–71, 2001 88, 2002 103, 2005 78, 2006 37, 2006 42,
2007 43
importers 2006 74
International Tracing Instrument 2006 113
Iraq 2004 49
Japan 2005 82
Kyrgyzstan 2004 313
Latin America 2004 51
methodology 2001 65
250
methodology for estimating 2001 65
Middle East 2005 88–90
Morocco 2005 87
Nepal 2002 79, 2002 102
North Korea 2005 83
Northeast Asia 2005 79–80, 2005 84, 2005 85
old weapons 2004 57
Pacific 2003 89, 2004 284, 2004 287–90
Papua New Guinea 2006 43
Solomon Islands 2004 298–9
South Africa, destruction programmes 2007 65
South Asia 2002 101–2
South Korea 2005 83
Sri Lanka 2004 59
stockpile security 2004 43, 2004 54–60
Taiwan 2005 84
United Kingdom 2001 68
United States 2001 66
West African armed groups 2006 255
police weapons 2010 114
acoustic technology 2011 83
ammunition 2011 75–7
diversion, South Africa 2008 193–5
firearms 2011 74–80
kinetic energy weapons 2011 81–2
Latin American production 2004 17
less-lethal weapons 2011 5, 2011 80–93
manufacturing sectors 2005 45–6, 2005 51, 2005 57
military overlap 2011 86–8
rheostatic 2011 83–6, 2011 93
safety features 2011 78–80
TASERs 2011 85, 2011 89–92
technology 2003 21, 2003 25
trends and developments 2011 73–86, 2011 93–4
policing 2004 2, 2004 4, 2004 213–47
ammunition 2005 23
armed protection for humanitarian operations 2002 191
Brazil, seizures of illicit weapons 2006 84
Burundi 2007 207
Cambodia 2006 130–5
capacity building, Albania 2002 299
Central African Republic 2005 307, 2005 311, 2005 312, 2005 323–4
China 2005 80–1
community links 2004 227–9
control measures
global measures 2001 277
Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 262–3
251
implementation of OAS Model Regulations 2001 256
Inter-American Convention 2001 257
controls on firepower 2005 185
corruption 2004 196, 2004 233, 2006 148, 2006 151
crime in Africa 2004 194, 2004 195
crowd control 2004 233–5, 2011 87–9
demand for small arms 2006 148, 2006 149–51
effectiveness, weapons prices 2007 266, 2007 281, 2007 282
Great Lakes region and Horn of Africa 2002 262
Haiti 2007 174
India, urban political armed violence 2007 175
Japan 2007 184
Kyrgyzstan 2004 312
misuse of guns 2006 130–3
national control of civilian ownership 2002 267
Nigeria 2007 175
non-lethal weapons 2003 25
number of police officers by regions 2006 42
Papua New Guinea 2006 179–80
political manipulation 2004 232–4
post-conflict 2004 240–1, 2005 276
and private security companies 2011 147
privatization of security 2001 219–20
rising lethality of civilian holdings 2007 64
security sector reform (SSR) 2003 153, 2005 276, 2006 133–5
seizures of illicit arms 2001 22–4
China 2002 96–7
South Sudan 2007 330
Southern Africa 2003 237
training 2004 224–7
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 237, 2002 238
urban violence 2007 169, 2007 179, 2007 180, 2007 186
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 181, 2007 182, 2007 183–4
political 2007 174, 2007 175
risk of being caught 2007 167
use of automatic rifles 2005 183
use of firearms, 2006 UN Review Conference 2007 124
use-of-force policies 2011 69, 2011 70–1, 2011 94
Venezuela 2007 186
vulnerable persons 2004 235–7
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 282, 2002 304, 2003 243
weapons policies 2011 71–2
Policske Strojirny (Czech Republic) 2003 41
policy
demand for small arms 2006 150, 2006 159
NGOs 2002 242
Policzer, Pablo 2006 248
252
Polisario Front (Western Sahara), arms depots 2010 322
political identity, demand for small arms 2006 149, 2006 150, 2006 152–3
political parties, illicit transfers to non-state actors 2007 133
political reintegration, Aceh 2009 262–3
Political Terror Scale (PTS) 2004 127
human rights violations 2007 75
political violence
post-conflict 2009 228, 2009 229
urban 2007 161, 2007 173–5
political–military parties, Afghanistan 2009 290–1
politics
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 120, 2007 121
art 2005 147–9
conflict deaths 2005 229, 2005 233–5
conflict sourcing 2005 172
disarmament 2003 287, 2003 290–1, 2003 294, 2003 296–8
global norms 2003 226–30
illicit craft production 2003 27
militarization, Georgia 2003 205
peace processes 2003 290–1, 2003 294, 2003 296–8
police 2004 232–4
urban armed violence 2007 161, 2007 173–5
pollution, ammunition 2005 16–17, 2005 29
Poly Technologies (China) 2007 82, 2007 85
light weapons ammunition 2010 32
polygamy, Papua New Guinea 2006 179, 2006 180
polymers, handgun production 2011 78
PolyTechnologies (China)
stockpiles 2002 95, 2002 96
survey of producers 2001 45
Pool region (Republic of the Congo) 2003 268–9
Popov, Pavel 2008 117
popular culture, young men and small arms 2006 307–10
Popular Defence Force (PDF) (South Sudan) 2007 331, 2007 332
Popular Front for the Liberation of Azawad (FPLA) 2005 165
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32
Popular Movement of Azawad (MPLA) 2005 165–6, 2005 187
population growth
rural and urban 2007 163
Yemen 2003 172
Porgera joint venture (PJV) gold mine (Papua New Guinea) 2011 142
Port Arthur (Tasmania), weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 267, 2002 283
Port Harcourt (Nigeria), urban violence 2007 167
Port Moresby (Papua New Guinea) 2006 167–9, 2006 172–4, 2006 175
Port-au-Prince (Haiti), urban political armed violence 2007 173–4
portability, as light weapons definition 2008 9
portable missiles
253
see also anti-tank guided weapons; man-portable air defence systems
definition 2011 29–31
transfers 2011 31–5
portable rocket launchers, transfers 2011 27–9
Portugal
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
disarmament 2009 163
export controls 2009 67
licensing authorities 2009 89
licensing systems 2009 71, 2009 74
transfer criteria 2009 93, 2009 95
exports
ammunition 2009 16
annual value 2001 148
human rights 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 132
irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 2007 99, 2007 100, 2007 103, 2007 105
list of importers 2005 106, 2005 108, 2006 75, 2006 76, 2006 77
military firearms 2009 39
national reporting 2001 155, 2002 120
non-military pistols and revolvers 2002 114
pistols and revolvers 2001 147
sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 46
sporting rifles 2002 114
transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 49, 2010 15, 2011 16
to the United States 2004 124
value 2000 2003 103
value 2001 2004 105
value 2002 2005 104
value 2003 2006 71
illicit transfers from
to Liberia 2002 132
to Myanmar 2002 133
imports
list of exporters 2005 102, 2005 103, 2005 105, 2006 68, 2006 70, 2006 72
mortars 2011 25
sporting shotguns 2009 19
value 2000 2003 103
value 2001 2004 110
value 2002 2005 108
value 2003 2006 77
military procurement 2006 30
policing 2004 216–17
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 278
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2002 51, 2007 15
254
light weapons 2008 35
manufacturing sectors 2005 61
most popular small arms 2001 19, 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 53, 2002 57
stockpiles
civilian holdings 2003 64
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
surplus weapons 2009 68, 2009 69
transportation, licensing 2010 53
young men and small arms 2006 297
possessions approach 2003 262–5
estimating militia holdings in the Republic of the Congo 2003 258–9
post-conflict situations
armed violence 2009 221–30
Aceh 2009 253–4
Afghanistan 2009 285
Burundi 2007 197–221
Cambodia 2006 119–37
conflict deaths 2005 232, 2005 252, 2005 255–6
crime, weapons collection 2002 295–7
DDR and weapons reduction 2002 285–97, 2003 277–316, 2005 267–93, 2006 264
death and injury rates 2002 163
definitions 2009 223–7
demand for small arms 2006 144, 2006 146
disabilities 2002 165
disarmament linked to development 2002 297–303
distinguishing from conflict 2005 269–71
economy 2002 174, 2002 175
European stockpiles 2003 63
Georgia 2003 202, 2003 207–10
gun culture 2005 205
homicide and suicide rates 2001 211
household surveys 2009 317, 2009 323–30
insecurity 2002 171–3
KLA in Kosovo 2005 221
NGOs 2002 243
policing 2004 240–1
price of weapons 2007 258, 2007 264, 2007 267, 2007 271, 2007 281, 2007 282, 2007 283
reconstruction 2009 270–1
reintegration, Aceh 2009 249–78
Republic of the Congo 2002 300–3
return to conflict 2002 174–6, 2009 231
risk factors 2009 230–2
security promotion 2009 219–20, 2009 233–41
interim stabilization 2009 220, 2009 233, 2009 234–7
second-generation 2009 220, 2009 233, 2009 237–41
short and long-term gain-seeking groups 2005 199
255
social capital 2003 147
South Sudan 2007 317–44
Uganda 2006 287–8
urban armed violence 2007 173, 2007 179–81
violence 2005 271–4
zones 1994–2004 2005 271
post-conflict weapons collection
record-keeping 2009 122–8
Solomon Islands 2009 174–5
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 2002 166–7
children 2009 199
Southern Lebanon 2009 327
postal guards, Georgia 2003 196
Poste de securité publique (PSP), holdings 2003 260
Pouligny, Béatrice 2009 181
poverty
Brazil 2007 228, 2007 234, 2007 235, 2007 238–40, 2007 245
crime, Papua New Guinea 2006 178
demand for small arms 2006 144, 2006 151–2
effects of small arms misuse 2001 232–3, 2003 137, 2003 148
global norms 2003 230
homicide 2003 138, 2003 157
security and development 2003 150–1
South Sudan 2007 317
West African armed groups 2006 252, 2006 265
young men and small arms 2006 298–300, 2006 303–4, 2006 305–6
power, young men and small arms 2006 301, 2006 305
Powers SeaCure Satellite System 2008 132
Pp see peak procurement
PPP see purchasing power parity
PRA see participatory rural or urban appraisal
practical disarmament, definition 2002 282
pre-fragmented bullets 2005 16
pre-registration guns 2003 70–1
predatory states, armed groups 2006 250
preferences
demand for small arms 2006 144–5, 2006 147–8, 2006 158
prices of assault rifles 2007 262
prices
AK-47 assault rifles 2001 17, 2002 66–7, 2003 86
Albania 2002 68–9
consumer taste 2002 70
demand for small arms 2006 144–5, 2006 147–8, 2006 149, 2006 150, 2006 153–4
fuelled by weapons collection programmes 2002 306
Georgia 2003 199, 2003 200–1, 2003 204
global production 2001 14
global stockpile growth 2003 62
256
global transfers 2001 145
illicit transfers 2001 168
Kalashnikov rifles 2007 257–72
legal weapons 2002 67
M16 rifle 2002 66, 2002 67
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 188
Palestine 2002 90–1, 2003 78
Papua New Guinea 2006 176–8
Republic of the Congo 2003 270–2
stockpile indicator 2002 65–70
Uzi sub-machine gun 2001 19
Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) gang (São Paulo) 2010 157, 2010 170–2, 2010 177
Primex Technologies (United States)
ammunition production 2001 27
company profile 2000 2002 29
financial indicators 2000 2002 21
ownership of 2001 2002 12
prison gangs 2010 69, 2010 157–78
armed violence 2010 172–7
Brazil 2010 167–72
Central America 2010 164–5
characteristics of 2010 159–60
consolidation, propagation, and projection of power 2010 159, 2010 167–72
definitions 2010 90–1
firearms 2010 172–4
militant groups 2010 165–7
policy implications 2010 175–6
racial groups 2010 160–1
South Africa 2010 162–4
United States 2010 157, 2010 160–2
prison guards, Papua New Guinea 2006 41, 2006 43
prisoners, police executions 2004 230–2
prisoners of war, Geneva Conventions 2002 179
privacy 2004 12
private firearms see civilian firearms
private military companies (PMCs)
brokers 2001 101, 2001 109–10
distinction from private security companies 2011 102, 2011 136
illicit transfers to non-state actors 2007 133
private security 2001 219–20
private security companies (PSCs) 2001 219–20, 2004 196–8, 2011 2–3, 2011 5
abuses by 2011 121–2, 2011 142, 2011 148–9, 2011 150, 2011 153
in armed conflict 2011 109
armed protection for humanitarian operations 2002 191
attacks on 2011 140
Cambodia 2006 134
Central America 2001 232
257
comparison with public security forces 2011 143–50
Côte d’Ivoire 2011 215
effects of small arms misuse 2003 139–40
firearms
illicit 2011 119–20
misuse 2011 119–26
regulation 2011 154
stockpile management 2011 121
stockpiles 2011 111–16
types 2011 117–19
fragmentation of public space 2007 176
growth of 2011 102–10
hired by development programmes 2003 149
illicit transfers to non-state actors 2007 133
international or domestic 2011 143
international initiatives 2011 124–6
legitimacy 2011 109–10
less-lethal weapons 2011 140
and multinational corporations 2011 5, 2011 135–58
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180
national regulation 2011 150–1
personnel 2011 104–6
regulation 2011 126–7, 2011 150–8
South Africa 2008 190–3
South Sudan 2007 329
standard operating procedures 2011 119, 2011 121
training 2011 123–4, 2011 146
Uganda 2006 288
urban armed violence 2007 176, 2007 180, 2007 183
use of force 2011 121–2, 2011 154
privatization
arms brokers 2001 97, 2001 98
European producers 2001 31
Poland 2001 37
production patterns 2001 12
of security 2001 219–20, 2004 174, 2004 196–8, 2004 199
Pró Legítima Defesa 2004 70–1
pro-government armed groups (PGAGs) 2010 94–5, 2010 255–72
see also armed groups
changing role 2010 269–72
identifying 2010 260
impact on civilians 2010 268–9
political goals 2010 263–7
relationship to government 2010 261–2, 2010 269–72
roles 2010 262–7
security role 2010 267, 2010 269
pro-government militias, West Africa 2006 249, 2006 250, 2006 252, 2006 255
258
pro-gun lobby
accessibility thesis 2001 202
International Tracing Instrument 2006 97
Pro-Tect Systems (United Kingdom) 2011 92
problem behaviour theory, armed violence 2008 248
process evaluation, weapons collection 2002 312
procurement see public procurement
procurement peaks 2006 9–11, 2006 12, 2006 13–27
procurement rate 2006 13–16, 2006 17–18
production 2001 7–53, 2002 9–57, 2003 9–51, 2004 7–41, 2005 39–64
see also craft production; licensed production; state-owned producers
ammunition 2005 10, 2005 13–17, 2005 30–1
central and eastern Europe 2003 38
marking 2002 245
Armenia 2003 47–8
art 2005 154–5
Belarus 2003 48
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2003 43
Brazil, illicit craft production 2003 29
brokers 2001 97–8, 2001 99, 2001 102, 2001 108
Bulgaria 2003 43–7
bundles of characteristics 2005 42–3
Central African Republic 2005 319–20
central and eastern Europe 2003 36–49
Chile 2003 28–9
China 2002 22–3
codes of conduct 2002 182–3
Colombia 2005 161–2, 2006 216, 2006 217–21, 2006 222–3
concentration and consolidation 2003 15
control measures
African initiatives 2001 266
Euro-Atlantic region 2001 273
firepower 2005 184–5
Great Lakes region and Horn of Africa 2002 262
Inter-American Convention 2001 253
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239
West African Moratorium 2001 260–1
Croatia 2003 44–5
Czech Republic 2003 39–41
data on civilian holdings 2007 52
data on numbers 2001 60–5
Estonia 2003 48
export dependency 2004 118–25, 2004 134
exporters 2001 145–55
Georgia 2003 48
Ghana 2003 29
global 2001 9–17, 2002 9–10, 2003 13, 2003 16–17, 2003 100
259
global distribution 2001 9–11, 2002 12, 2003 11–12
global ranking of countries 2001 15–17
Hungary 2003 41–2
illegal, China 2002 96
Kyrgyzstan 2004 321–2
Latin America 2004 16–26
linkages between 2005 41
major producers 2002 22–9
MANPADS 2004 77, 2004 78, 2004 81–3
manufacturing sectors 2005 41–62
marking and tracing 2002 244, 2002 245, 2006 106–7, 2006 108
medium producers 2002 30–40
Middle East 2002 16–20
military procurement 2006 7–30
military stockpiles 2006 54–6
Morocco 2005 86
numbers of companies worldwide 2002 9–10
Pacific 2003 35–6, 2004 303
Pakistan 2003 32–3
Philippines 2003 33–5
Poland 2003 42
popular products 2001 18–24
restructuring 2002 12–13
Romania 2003 45–6
Russian Federation 2002 23–7, 2002 26, 2003 19–20, 2004 14–16
sectors 2005 41, 2005 43–62
Serbia and Montenegro 2003 46–7
significant production 2003 13–15
Slovakia, survey 2003 42–3
Slovenia 2003 46
South Africa 2003 30–1
stockpile estimates 2001 65
stockpile management and security 2002 258
supply-side controls and human rights 2001 223
trends 2001 11–12, 2003 13–15
Turkey, illicit craft production 2003 31–2
types 2001 9
Ukraine 2003 48–9
UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 282
United States 2003 16–18, 2004 10–14, 2004 67
unlicensed 2007 7–8, 2007 14–32
of weapons used in crime, in Brazil 2001 22–4
production processes, manufacturing sectors 2005 42, 2005 45–6, 2005 47, 2005 49, 2005 52,
2005 53–4, 2005 57–8
productivity
Colombia 2006 229–30
costs of small arms violence 2003 133, 2006 189, 2006 191, 2006 193, 2006 196, 2006
260
197, 2006 199, 2006 203, 2006 205–7
effects of small arms misuse 2003 131
firearms injuries 2003 129
major producers 2002 22
Productos Mendoza (Mexico) 2001 27, 2004 25
professions, civilian firearm use 2011 286
profiting from war, disarmament 2003 300–1
Programme H (Rio de Janeiro) 2006 315
Programme national de désarmement et de reinsertion (PNDR) (Central African Republic)
2005 325–7
prohibited weapons 2010 316
Project Ploughshares, Armed Conflict Report 2005 238–9, 2005 241, 2005 242, 2005 244, 2005
245–6, 2005 247
Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN) (United States) 2008 287–8
Project for Violence Prevention (Chicago, United States) 2006 316
proliferation
Georgia 2003 205–10
Republic of the Congo 2003 270–2
Promexport (Russia) 2003 110
propaganda, conflict deaths 2005 233–4
propellant chemicals, trade 2010 8, 2010 20–1
property crime, Haiti 2011 241–2
property damage, Southern Lebanon 2009 326
property-related disputes, post-conflict 2009 228, 2009 230
proportionality, policing 2004 218–19, 2004 225
prosecutions, illicit brokering 2004 162–6
protection, humanitarian operations, definition 2002 190
protection costs
costs of small arms violence 2006 191
logging in Cambodia 2006 133
protection rackets, Georgia 2003 210
protocols, norms 2003 216–17, 2003 223, 2003 225, 2003 237–46
Proyecto SAFE (San Antonio Family Enhancement) 2010 242
Prvi Partizan (Serbia and Montenegro) 2003 47
PS Povzbroj (Slovakia) 2003 43
PSCs see private security companies
PSP see Poste de securité publique
psychological effects 2002 166–7, 2003 131, 2006 191, 2006 195
psychosocial trauma, children and youth 2009 198–9
PT Pindad (Indonesia) 2001 43, 2002 45
licensed production 2007 18
PTSD see post-traumatic stress disorder
PUA see participatory rural or urban appraisal
public awareness
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 181, 2007 185–8
national control of civilian ownership 2002 267
NGOs and control 2002 242
261
norms 2003 232
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 282–3, 2002 284, 2002 297, 2002
299–300, 2002 307–10, 2002 312–13
Yemen 2003 185–6
public good, security sector reform 2003 153
public health 2001 214–18
costs of small arms violence 2003 133, 2006 195–6, 2006 207–8
estimating global suicides and homicides 2004 201–2
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 181
public health approach
domestic violence 2008 25
four-step process 2008 225
interventions 2008 277–9, 2008 287–8, 2008 298–9
violence prevention 2008 211–12, 2008 223–8, 2008 236–40
public interest, civilian firearm users 2011 278
public opinion
NGOs 2002 242
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 280
public order, demand for small arms 2006 148
public procurement
ammunition
estimating 2010 18–20
transparency 2010 10–13
definition 2010 9
public security
Côte d’Ivoire 2011 193–221
disarmament 2003 309, 2003 312
outsourcing 2011 107–8
private security companies 2011 2–3, 2011 143–6
state provision 2011 1–2
public services
effects of small arms misuse 2003 140–1
Papua New Guinea 2006 182
public space, fragmentation of 2007 176–8
public transparency 2004 114
PUK see Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
pump-action shotguns, Papua New Guinea 2006 175, 2006 176, 2006 177
purchasing power parity (PPP) 2006 190
Putin, Vladimir, Chechnya 2002 90
Pyrkal see Greek Powder and Cartridge Company
Qadhafi, Muammar 2001 103, 2001 120–3
Qatar
illicit transfers from, to Sudanese Government 2001 174
military procurement 2006 18
production 2002 19
stockpiles
262
military 2005 86, 2005 88
police 2005 89
Qaybali code (Yemen) 2003 169
Quaker United Nations Office (QUNO) 2006 144
quality of life
costs of small arms violence 2006 191, 2006 196, 2006 197, 2006 199
post-conflict, Southern Lebanon 2009 327
survey of gunshot victims 2001 217–18
Queensland (Australia)
civilian firearms
prohibited and restricted 2011 269
user regulation 2011 276
Quik-Shok 2005 16
QUNO see Quaker United Nations Office
QW-1/QW-2 2004 82, 2004 84
QW-19 missiles 2011 33
R1 assault rifle 2002 48
Burundi 2007 204
R2 assault rifle 2002 48
R4 assault rifle 2002 48, 2007 27
Burundi 2007 86, 2007 204
R5 assault rifle 2002 48
Burundi 2007 204
R15 assault rifle 2006 221
race, violence risk factor 2008 259
RadioPribor (Ukraine) 2003 49
Rafael (Israel), ammunition production 2010 31
Rainsy, Sam 2006 122, 2006 123
Rajoelina, Andry 2011 171, 2011 172, 2011 176–9, 2011 188
Ramadan, Yaya 2005 309
Ramanantsoa, Gabriel 2011 171, 2011 173
Ramaroson, Hyppolite 2011 179–80
RAMSI see Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands
Ranariddh, Prince Norodom 2006 120–1
rape
Central African Republic 2005 322
conflict 2005 193, 2005 196
humanitarian impacts of small arms 2002 172
Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 2006 172, 2006 174–5
Uganda 2006 288
violence in refugee camps 2002 169
Rashaida Free Lions 2007 320
Ratsimandrava, Richard 2011 170, 2011 173
Ratsiraka, Didier 2011 171, 2011 173–4, 2011 175
Rautenbach, Billy 2001 109
Ravalomanana, Marc 2011 167, 2011 175–6, 2011 179
263
Raven Arms 2001 24
Raytheon Company (United States) 2005 59, 2005 60
directed-energy weapons 2011 86
Raytheon-Lockheed Martin 2004 27, 2004 82
RBS-70 missile 2011 33
RCAF see Royal Cambodian Armed Forces
RCSS see Regional Centre for Strategic Studies
re-export
definition 2009 64
licensing requirements 2009 82–5
UN Programme of Action 2002 223
Read, Lucian 2007 145–59
Real IRA (RIRA)
disarmament 2003 297
illicit transfers to 2001 177
prices 2002 69
rebel groups
see also guerrillas; insurgents
Burundi 2007 197–8, 2007 199–203
Central and South Asia, transfers to 2003 111–12
Constabulary military doctrine 2006 50–1
demand for small arms 2006 146–8
disarmament, political commitment 2003 296–8
illicit transfers to 2007 133
South-East Asia 2006 253
West Africa 2006 249, 2006 250, 2006 252, 2006 254–5
recirculation of small arms
low black-market prices 2002 68
West African armed groups 2006 247, 2006 253–6, 2006 258, 2006 261
recoilless guns 2004 33
ammunition, transfers 2010 10, 2010 27–8
countries producing 2008 34–5
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 283
transfers 2011 26–7
types 2008 23
reconciliation, weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 279, 2002 306, 2003
311–12
reconstruction and development 2005 276, 2005 277
record-keeping
see also reporting
International Tracing Instrument 2006 95, 2006 107–8
International Tracing Instrument (ITI) 2011 56–7
marking 2002 244–8, 2002 246
national control of civilian ownership 2002 265
police stockpiles 2006 39
post-conflict weapons collection 2009 122–8
transportation 2010 53
264
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 241
UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 282
weapons tracing 2009 109, 2009 120–1, 2009 130
recruitment, militias in the Republic of the Congo 2003 263–4
Red Arrow ATGWs 2011 32
Red Sky missile 2008 18
refugee camps
militarization of 2001 224, 2001 227, 2005 274
policing of, West Africa 2006 259
violence 2002 168–9
violence in 2009 202
refugees 2002 167, 2005 231, 2005 273
see also internally displaced persons
Burundian 2007 200–1
children 2009 201–3
indicators of humanitarian impacts 2002 160
policing 2004 236
Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) 2004 299–300, 2005 282–3,
2006 155, 2006 157
Regional Centre for Strategic Studies (RCSS) (Sri Lanka) 2001 143
regional control measures 2001 252–76
ammunition 2005 23–4, 2005 28–9
civilian firearms 2011 264–5
light weapons 2005 124–6
stockpile security 2002 259–60
UN Programme of Action 2002 209, 2002 225–6
regional law, norms 2003 218
regional organizations, UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 209–10
regions
average number of police officers 2006 42
brokering 2004 147, 2004 148–51
intra-regional trade 2003 101, 2003 102, 2003 199
military stockpiles 2006 52, 2006 58
national reporting 2004 257
norms 2003 236–7
registration of brokers 2002 253, 2004 147, 2004 149, 2004 159, 2004 161
registration of firearms 2004 66–71
active-universal or passive-partial 2004 43, 2004 68
Australia 2004 62
Brazil 2003 87
Canada 2002 86, 2004 62, 2004 68–9
civilian holdings 2007 39, 2007 49–53, 2007 55–6
Colombia 2006 217, 2006 219–20
demand for small arms 2006 154–5
European civilian firearms 2003 70–2
Georgia 2003 191
Germany 2007 51–2
265
Kyrgyzstan 2004 313
Latin America 2004 52, 2004 69–71
national control of civilian ownership 2002 265
Pacific 2004 302
stolen firearms 2004 60, 2004 62
Thailand 2004 71
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238, 2002 241
United States 2001 66, 2004 12
US Army inventory control 2002 260–1
West African Moratorium 2001 260
regulation see control measures
Reicher, Stephen 2006 303–4
reintegration of former combatants 2003 310
see also disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration
abuse of system 2009 295–6
Aceh 2009 249–51, 2009 256–78
Afghanistan 2009 295–9
compensation 2009 268–9
discontent 2009 269
economic reintegration 2009 264–6, 2009 270
Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 263
international models 2009 254–6
maximalist approach 2009 269–76
political reintegration 2009 262–3
Republic of the Congo 2002 300–1
social reintegration 2009 259–62
targeting 2009 266–8
relief operations
deteriorating security 2001 226
humanitarian impacts 2002 158, 2002 159
religion
see also Christianity; Islam
armed groups 2006 250
Brazil 2007 228, 2007 233, 2007 236, 2007 245, 2007 246
conflict resolution 2003 312
South Sudan 2007 318
reloading 2005 15–16
Remington Arms Co. (United States) 2004 13–14, 2005 54
Adaptive Combat Rifle 2011 76
financial indicators 2002 21, 2002 28
less-lethal shotguns 2011 83
ranked by weapons type 2002 29
survey of producers 2001 26, 2001 27
weapons used in crime in US 2001 24
RENAMO see Resistência Nacional Moçambicana
Reno, William 2006 250
rent-seeking, demand for small arms 2006 143
266
rental businesses
Africa 2003 86
Canada 2004 68
Kenya 2003 86
repairers
guerrillas in Colombia 2006 223
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 285–6
manufacturing sectors 2005 43–4, 2005 45, 2005 46–9
repairs, international transfers 2009 9
repeating weapons, Yemen 2003 173
replacement, military procurement 2006 9–11
replica weapons
illicit craft production 2003 26
International Tracing Instrument 2006 104
light weapons 2008 11
violence and crime 2004 189
reporting
arms embargoes 2004 267
brokering 2004 160, 2004 161
exports 2002 117–23, 2003 98–102, 2006 68–73, 2006 78–82
imports 2006 74
legal trade, 2002 update 2002 112
marking and tracing 2006 111–12
military stockpiles 2006 58–60
monitoring 2004 249–50, 2004 254–8
national, data on legal transfers 2001 143
policing 2004 237
Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2006 65, 2006 80–2, 2006 88
stockpile estimates 2003 58
transfers 2006 66–7, 2009 26–8, 2009 52–3
UN Programme of Action 2002 229
Republic of the Congo (RoC) (formerly Congo-Brazzaville)
see also Congo-Brazzaville
conflict 2003 256–8
DDR and weapons reduction 2002 281, 2002 300–3, 2003 255–73, 2003 279, 2005 290,
2005 291, 2009 184
illicit transfers from
to the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2005 319
to UNITA 2001 118–19
illicit transfers to, brokers 2001 106
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 275
stockpiles, insurgent 2002 82, 2003 82
weapons collection 2009 124, 2009 125, 2009 240
weapons records 2009 128
Republic of Me’ekamui (Bougainville), disarmament 2003 303
Republican Guard (Côte d’Ivoire) 2011 199
267
research
accessibility thesis 2004 182
data on legal transfers 2001 143
disarmament 2003 300
estimating global suicides and homicides 2004 201–2
humanitarian impacts 2002 158
Kyrgyzstan 2004 310
NGOs 2002 243
research & development 2003 23–5
reserve militaries 2006 45
Colombia 2006 220
military stockpiles 2006 47–50, 2006 51–2, 2006 56, 2006 220
Switzerland 2002 78
Réserve ministérielle (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256
reserve stockpiles 2001 71–2
government armed forces 2001 71
insurgent 2001 80
police firearms 2001 69
US military 2002 85
reserves, exaggeration 2008 85–6
resilience factors
armed violence 2008 229–30, 2008 245–6
definition 2008 247–8
violent behaviour 2008 256
resistance, young men and small arms 2006 302, 2006 306–7
resistance councils (Uganda) 2007 185
Resistência Nacional Moçambicana (RENAMO) (Mozambique) 2001 64, 2002 129, 2002 294
weapons diverted to 2008 196
resource development
demand for small arms 2006 144–5, 2006 149, 2006 150
Papua New Guinea 2006 180–1
resource-based conflict, Côte d’Ivoire 2011 209
resources
see also natural resources
disarmament 2003 301, 2003 306–8
urbanization and crime 2007 164
Yemen 2003 172
responsibility 2004 65, 2004 66–71
restricted-use ammunition, Brazil 2007 303–5
revenge, tribal violence in Yemen 2003 184
revenue collection, effects of small arms misuse 2003 131, 2003 144–5
reverse engineering, unauthorized production 2007 23
Review Conference see United Nations (UN), Programme of Action, Review Conference
Revolutionary Alliance for the Liberation of Azawad (ARLA) 2005 165
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) see Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de
Colombia
Revolutionary People’s Army (Philippines), illicit transfers to 2001 183
268
Revolutionary United Front (RUF) (Sierra Leone)
brokering 2004 164
captured weapons 2006 255
co-operative conflict 2002 175
conflict use 2005 194
DDR and weapons reduction 2002 289–90, 2003 81, 2003 297, 2003 307–8, 2005 278
forced recruitment of women 2002 171
guided light weapons holdings 2008 33
illicit transfers to 2001 171–3, 2004 132
arms embargo 2002 133
arms supply networks 2001 116, 2001 119–23
violations of end-user certificates 2002 134
MANPADS 2006 256
stockpiles 2003 82
typology of armed groups 2006 249
revolutionary warfare, People’s War militaries 2006 47
revolvers
ammunition types 2005 12
Colombia 2006 218, 2006 231
crime in Latin America 2002 175
customs code 2009 10
exports
average annual value 2001 147
Comtrade data on 2001 146
customs data 1999 2002 113, 2002 114, 2002 115
trends 1995–1999 2002 147
United States 2001 155, 2004 121
value 2003 2006 68–73
Georgia 2003 203–4
imports
customs data 1999 2002 113, 2002 114, 2002 115
to Guatemala 2003 115
from the United States 2001 154
United States 2003 105–6
value 2003 2006 75–8
military stockpiles 2006 37, 2006 55
most popular small arms products 2001 18
most popular small arms in South Africa 2001 21
police firearms, Belgium 2001 69, 2001 70
production
Argentina 2004 20, 2004 21
Brazil 2004 22, 2007 94–7
Colombia 2004 23
estimated global production by volume 1980–2000 2001 13
manufacturing sectors 2005 45, 2005 53
most popular military weapons 2004 27–8
most popular small arms 2004 8
269
United States 2001 26, 2001 27, 2002 27, 2002 29, 2003 17, 2003 18, 2004 13, 2004
14, 2004 119, 2004 120
seizures in Brazil 2001 23
South America 2006 86
transfers
1995–1999 2002 147
2006 2009 28–30, 2009 39–43
Comtrade data 2000–2006 2009 12, 2009 14, 2009 20–2
to Cyprus 2003 105
trade decline 2003 102–3
undocumented 2009 31, 2009 43
used in crime in the US 2001 23
Rexio (Argentina) 2001 28
Rey-Bellet, Corinne 2007 54
Reyes, Camilo 2002 218, 2002 219, 2002 220
RFDG see Movement of the Democratic Forces of Guinea
RH-Alan (Croatia) 2001 19, 2001 37, 2003 45
Rheinmetall DeTec (Germany)
acquisitions 1996–2000 2002 12, 2002 39
company profile 2000 2002 34
financial indicators 2000 2002 21
most popular machine guns 2001 19, 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 32
rheostatic weapons 2011 83–6
Richmond (Virginia, United States), homicide rate 2007 165
Rifle Factory (India), licensed production 2007 18
rifle sights, technological developments 2011 78
rifles
see also assault rifles; Kalashnikov rifles; sniper rifles
.50 calibre 2005 51, 2005 52, 2005 53
Africa 2003 83
ammunition 2005 12, 2005 16
civilian ownership, patterns of 2007 63–4
Colombia 2006 225, 2006 226
crime in Africa 2002 175
data on numbers 2001 60, 2001 62
exports
from Russia 2004 122
from the United States 2003 107, 2004 121
Georgia 2003 203–4
government armed forces 2001 71
imported into the United States 1991–1996 2001 27
Iraqi Security Forces 2007 84
Israeli stockpiles 2003 77
manufacturing sectors 2005 45, 2005 51–3
military stockpiles 2006 53, 2006 54
police firearms 2001 69, 2011 75–7
270
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 257–72
production
Brazil 2004 22
Canada 2001 27
licensed 2007 8, 2007 18, 2007 20, 2007 21–3
most important companies 2003 14–15
most popular military weapons 2004 29–30
United States 2001 26, 2001 27, 2002 27, 2002 29, 2003 17, 2003 18, 2004 13, 2004
14, 2004 119, 2004 120
unlicensed 2007 8, 2007 20, 2007 22–3
Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 267–8
seizures in Afghanistan 2003 76
South America 2006 86
sporting, transfers of 2003 102–3
technological developments 2003 22, 2003 23–4
transfer of military firearms to civilian ownership 2007 61
United Kingdom 2004 189
US Army inventory 2001 2002 84
used in crime in US 2001 24
Yemen 2003 173–4
Right-to-Carry (RTC) laws see carrying licences
Rindel, Fred 2002 140
Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 2005 195
ammunition, diversions 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11, 2008 45, 2008 46, 2008 52
costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 2006 202–7
firearm homicides 2007 236–8
gang violence 2010 1
gangs
gun ownership 2010 89, 2010 112, 2010 113
membership 2010 106, 2010 107
gender and firearms-related mortality 2001 213
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 182–3
prison gangs 2010 157, 2010 167–70, 2010 177
seizures of illicit weapons 2006 84, 2007 182–3
urban violence 2007 163, 2007 182–3
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 284
young men and violence 2006 306, 2006 313–14
Rio Grande do Sul state (Brazil), firearm homicides 2007 241
Rio-São Paulo Extended Metropolitan Region (Brazil) 2007 169
risk
armed violence 2008 229–30, 2008 238, 2008 245–6, 2008 262–3, 2008 282
behaviour problems 2008 254
definition 2008 246–7
domestic violence 2008 260–1
ecological model 2008 250–1
gang violence 2008 261–2, 2008 270
identifying 2008 249–53
271
important factors 2008 257–9
interventions 2008 264–9
targets of 2008 268, 2008 269
top ten strategies 2008 268
types 2008 267, 2008 268
life stages 2008 252
pathways model 2008 251–3
post-conflict societies 2009 230–2
school shootings 2008 265–6
security management 2002 190
triggers 2008 256
violence prevention 2008 264
violent behaviour 2008 253–63
weapons collection 2002 312
youth violence 2008 252–3, 2008 255–6, 2008 258–9, 2008 262
risk-taking, young men and small arms 2006 303
rites of passage, young men and small arms 2006 302, 2006 303
Rivers State (Nigeria), DDR programmes 2006 263
roadblocks
effects of small arms misuse 2003 142
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180
Robar Companies Inc. (United States) 2005 52
robbery
Cambodia 2006 127–30
Georgia 2003 209
Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 2006 174, 2006 184
Roberts, John, II 2007 94
RoC see Republic of the Congo
rocket launchers
countries producing 2008 34–5
exporters 2006 70–3
importers 2006 75–8
manufacturing sectors 2005 45, 2005 55–7
transfers 2011 27–9
types 2008 25–6
rocket-propelled grenade launchers (RPGs)
Burundi 2007 204
conflict use 2005 182, 2005 183, 2005 184–5
exporters 2006 72
Georgia 2003 196
Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83
lethality 2008 12
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 284
manufacturing sectors 2005 57
producers of 2008 25–6
production 2004 8, 2004 34, 2004 35–7, 2004 46
Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 268
272
seizures in Afghanistan 2003 76
transfers 2011 27–8
types 2008 25–6
warheads 2008 25
rockets
light weapons, transfers 2010 10, 2010 27–8
possessed by Hizbollah 2009 322
seizures in Afghanistan 2003 76
Rodriguez, Camilo Reyes 2002 212
Romania
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
arms industry 2009 68
brokering 2004 153, 2004 155, 2004 156, 2004 158, 2004 161
civilian ownership 2002 87, 2003 65
DDR and weapons reduction 2004 58, 2005 290
destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 96, 2008 97
disarmament 2009 163, 2009 179
diversion of arms to Colombia 2008 122
EU membership 2008 104
export controls
exceptions 2009 78
licensing authorities 2009 86, 2009 89
licensing systems 2009 71, 2009 74
re-export provisions 2009 83
transfer criteria 2009 93, 2009 95
exports
annual value 2001 148
Comtrade data 2009 13
irresponsible transfers from 2007 100
list of importers 2006 74
military firearms 2001 147, 2009 36
survey of producers 2003 45
transparency 2004 117, 2004 118, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 49, 2010 15,
2011 15, 2011 16
trends 2000 2003 110
to the United States 2003 39
value 2001 2004 101, 2004 105
value 2002 2005 100, 2005 104
illicit transfers from 2002 134
to Angola 2002 132, 2002 134
to Georgia 2005 172
to Iraq 2002 132
illicit transfers to, border seizures 2005 115, 2005 116
imports 2005 105
military stockpiles, destruction programmes 2007 65
NATO membership 2008 103
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 278
273
private security companies, personnel 2011 105
production
AK series rifle 2001 17
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2007 15, 2007 19
light weapons 2008 35
MANPADS 2007 21
manufacturing sectors 2005 56, 2005 57, 2005 61
most popular small arms 2001 20
RPG-7 2004 36, 2004 37
survey of producers 2001 35, 2001 53, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 39, 2003 45–6
unlicensed 2007 17, 2007 21
Romarm (Romania) 2003 45–6, 2005 56
Romtechnica (Romania), exports 2003 110
rosewood, illegal trafficking, Madagascar 2011 185
Rosoboronexport (Russian Federation) 2002 123, 2003 110–11
licensed production 2007 24
Rossi (Brazil) 2001 21, 2001 23
hunting rifles 2009 47
Rosvooruzhenie (Russia) 2003 110
Rowe, Sylvester 2007 118
Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF) 2006 121–2
logging industry 2006 133
misuse of guns 2006 130
security sector reform (SSR) 2006 134–5
stockpiles 2006 125, 2006 126
Royal Canadian Cartridge and Munitions Corp. (Canada) 2001 27
Royal Canadian Mounted Police 2004 57
Royal Ordnance (RO) (United Kingdom) 2001 33
ammunition production 2001 15
company profile 2000 2002 12, 2002 39–40
financial indicators 2000 2002 21
Heckler & Koch 2002 48–9
joint ventures with Brazilian producers 2001 29–30, 2004 22
licensed production 2002 45
most popular small arms 2001 19
Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary (RPNGC), diversion of arms and ammunition 2008
48–9
Royal Small Arms Factory (RSAF) 2002 48–9
Royal Thai Army, production 2001 44
royalties, licensed production 2002 43
RPD light machine gun 2004 31, 2004 34
Burundi, disarmament 2007 204
RPG-7 rocket-propelled grenade launcher 2004 8, 2004 34, 2004 35–7, 2004 49, 2005 184–5,
2008 25–6
Burundi 2007 204
identifying marks 2009 118
274
Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83
RPG-18/22 shoulder-fired rocket launcher 2002 71, 2002 88
RPG-75 shoulder-fired rocket launcher 2002 71
RPGs see rocket-propelled grenade launchers
RPK machine gun 2001 20, 2001 21
Burundi 2007 204
Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83
RPK-74 2004 31
RPNGC see Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary
RPO-A ‘Shmel’, Republic of the Congo 2003 262
RTG-7 2002 71
RUAG, ammunition 2011 77
RUAG Ammotec (Switzerland/Germany) 2003 15, 2005 13
RUAG Suisse Group (Switzerland) 2001 33, 2002 39, 2003 15
rubber baton rounds 2005 16, 2005 53
rubber bullets 2002 165, 2004 221–3
RUF see Revolutionary United Front
Ruger Mini-14 2010 114
Ruger Mp-9 sub-machine gun, Burundi 2007 204
Ruggie, John 2011 139–40, 2011 157–8
Rugova, Ibrahim 2005 216, 2005 217, 2005 218
rules of engagement, peace operations 2003 296
Rumsfeld, Donald, Afghanistan 2003 112
Ruprah, Sanjivan 2008 117, 2008 135
rural areas
armed violence, comparison with urban areas 2007 164
Brazil 2007 165–6, 2007 228–52
definition 2007 169
effects of small arms misuse 2003 136
humanitarian impacts 2002 160
population 2007 163
Russian Federation
see also Soviet Union
ammunition, procurement 2010 31
arms industry 2009 68
civilian firearms
carrying in public 2011 293
licences 2011 280
prohibited and restricted 2011 271
user regulation 2011 276
control measures
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 123
Arms Trade Treaty 2007 127
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 182
OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 211
destruction programmes 2002 74, 2004 58, 2004 60
surplus weapons 2008 96, 2008 97
275
disarmament 2009 179
displaced persons 2001 2002 196
export controls
enforcement 2009 86
exceptions 2009 79
licensing authorities 2009 89
licensing systems 2009 72, 2009 74
transfer criteria 2009 94
exports
to Africa 2001 170, 2003 118
ammunition 2006 67, 2009 15, 2009 16
annual value 2001 148
Comtrade data 2009 8, 2009 10, 2009 12, 2009 27
Cyprus 2004 108
data on 2002 123
human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 133
to India 2003 112
irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 2007 100, 2007 101, 2007 103, 2007 104, 2007
105, 2007 106, 2007 107
list of importers 2005 107, 2005 108, 2006 75, 2006 76, 2006 77
MANPADS 2002 116, 2004 87
military firearms 2002 115, 2002 116, 2009 33, 2009 34
military small arms and light weapons 2009 24
national reporting 2002 124
non-military shotguns 2002 114
producer dependence on 2004 121–2
selected transfers 1999–2001 2002 147
share of total arms exports 2001 144
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 23, 2010 24
sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 18, 2009 46
transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 66, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011
17
trends 2000 2003 108, 2003 110–11
UN Programme of Action 2002 223
unofficial information on 2001 158
value 2001 2004 100, 2004 101, 2004 102, 2004 105
value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 100, 2005 101, 2005 104
value 2003 2006 65, 2006 68, 2006 72
gang violence 2010 137
gangs
gun ownership 2010 112, 2010 113
membership 2010 106, 2010 107
Georgia 2003 192–5, 2003 202, 2003 206
illicit transfers from 2001 177–9
to Afghanistan 2004 128, 2004 322, 2004 323
to Angola 2002 132, 2004 129
to Armenia 2001 180
276
to Chechnya 2001 178–9
to Georgia 2001 180, 2003 191
to Iraq 2002 132
to Liberia 2002 132
MANPADS 2004 88
to Nagornho-Karabakh 2002 133
to Rwanda 2002 132
to Sierra Leone 2002 132
to Somalia 2002 132
imports 2004 109, 2005 103, 2005 106, 2005 108, 2006 68, 2006 77
human rights 2004 128, 2004 132
irresponsible transfers to 2007 104–5
shotgun shell parts 2010 26
sporting shotguns 2009 19
machine guns 2004 32
MANPADS
attacks 2004 90
control of 2004 92–3, 2004 94, 2005 130–6
designations 2004 79
illicit transfers 2004 88
stockpiles 2004 83, 2004 84
military procurement 2006 23
military stockpile, diversion 2008 57–8
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 33
prices
black-market prices for AK47 rifle 2002 66
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 263, 2007 278
private security companies
armed 2011 112
firearm stockpiles 2011 113
personnel 2011 106
production
AK series rifles 2001 17
ammunition 2002 26, 2003 20
for armed forces 2002 23–6
assault rifles 2004 28
by value 2001 14, 2003 16, 2003 19–20
by volume 2001 12, 2003 13, 2003 16, 2003 19–20
company profiles 2000 2002 23–7, 2002 55
global ranking of countries 2001 15, 2001 16
grenade launchers 2004 32
licensed
India 2007 9, 2007 11
Kalashnikov rifles 2007 9
Libya 2007 11
technology owners 2007 15, 2007 16, 2007 17, 2007 19–20
Venezuela 2007 10–11
277
light weapons 2008 35
major ammunition producers 2001 15
MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82, 2011 33
manufacturing sectors 2005 48, 2005 56, 2005 57, 2005 61
mergers of state-owned companies 2003 9
most important companies 2002 20, 2002 21, 2003 14–15
most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 19, 2001 20
pistols 2004 28
RPG-7 2004 35–7
shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71
survey of producers 2001 30, 2001 33–4, 2001 53, 2002 57, 2003 19–20, 2004 10–11,
2004 14–16
trends 2004 8
unlicensed 2007 19–20, 2007 22, 2007 24
Rwandan genocide 2001 207
stockpiles 2005 77
Chechnya 2002 90
civilian holdings 2002 87, 2003 65, 2007 47–8, 2007 62
correlation of registered to unregistered firearms 2007 56
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
distribution of firearms 2001 67
Georgia 2003 198–9
MANPADS 2004 83, 2004 84
military 2006 56, 2006 57
destruction programmes 2007 64, 2007 65
losses from 2001 178, 2006 38
transparency 2006 45
stockpile security 2004 54–5, 2004 103
surplus weapons 2009 69
weapons collection programmes 2003 281
weapons tracing 2009 121
Rwanda
ammunition availability 2005 19–20
children without parents 2009 200
conflict
brokers and transport agents 2001 104
child mortality 2002 173
child soldiers 2001 230
conflict goods 2002 140–1, 2002 142
genocide 2001 204–5, 2001 206–7
Burundi 2007 199
internally displaced persons 2001 225, 2002 168, 2002 196
militarization of refugee camps 2001 224, 2001 227
percentage of population killed in 2001 210
conflict deaths 2005 249
culture of violence 2001 207
DDR and weapons reduction 2003 283, 2003 293, 2005 290, 2009 185
278
death among UN staff 2002 187
end-use certificates, illicit 2008 158–9
exports, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108, 2004 130, 2005 319
illicit transfers from
to the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2004 130, 2005 319
to UNITA in Angola 2001 118–19
illicit transfers to
arms embargoes 2002 132, 2004 265
human rights 2004 128, 2004 132
imports, irresponsible transfers to 2007 105
Ingando process 2009 233, 2009 236
MANPADS attacks on aircraft 2008 13
militarization of refugee camps 2005 273
political violence 2009 229
politization of humanitarian action 2002 186
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
private security companies, public perception 2011 106
short-term gain-seeking groups 2005 195
transfers to non-state actors 2007 135
War Tribunals 2002 177
Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) 2001 207, 2007 135
SA-7 MANPADS 2004 83, 2006 283, 2011 30
designations 2004 79
destruction of 2008 100
effectiveness 2004 80
information 2004 86
Mombasa attack (2002) 2004 77, 2004 87–8, 2008 12
production of 2008 17
specifications and manufacture 2004 82
stockpiles 2004 84
transfers of 2004 87–8, 2004 90
SA-14 MANPADS 2004 82, 2004 90
SA-16 Igla MANPADS 2004 83
control measures 2004 92
illicit transfers of 2004 89
specifications and manufacture 2004 82
stockpiles 2004 84
transfers of 2002 116, 2004 87
SA-18 MANPADS 2004 82, 2004 84, 2004 87, 2004 90, 2004 92–3
SA-24 MANPADS, Venezuela 2011 22
SA-80 assault rifle 2001 33
Heckler & Koch licensed production 2002 49, 2002 50
reliability 2003 21
United Kingdom 2006 12
Saab Bofors (Sweden) 2004 35, 2004 82
Carl Gustav recoilless rifle 2011 26–7
279
licensed production 2007 27
Saarland, law enforcement stockpiles 2006 40
Saco Defense (United States) 2001 26, 2003 15
company profile 2000 2002 29
financial indicators 1998–2000 2002 28
most popular machine guns 2001 19–21
ownership of 2001 2002 12
SAD see European Union (EU), Single Administrative Document
SADC see Southern African Development Community
SAF see Sudan Armed Forces
SAF sub-machine gun 2004 23
Saf-T-Hammer Corp (United States) 2002 12
Safe Schools/Healthy Students Initiative (United States) 2010 240
Safer Community strategies 2009 240
Safer Port Moresby 2006 169
Saferworld 2001 262–3, 2002 262
safety
humanitarian operations, definition 2002 190
post-conflict 2005 269–71
safety features
pistols 2003 22
Smith & Wesson 2002 28–9
safety and security measures
civil aviation 2010 61–2
transportation 2010 53–4
safety training, Yemen 2003 185–6
Saiga hunting rifle, intellectual property rights 2007 24
Saint Kitts and Nevis
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
St. Louis (United States), Consent-to-Search programme 2006 311–12, 2007 181, 2008 283
Saint Lucia
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
St Petersburg Declaration (1868) 2002 179
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
Sako Ltd (Finland) 2002 12, 2002 37
Sakr Factory for Developed Industry (Egypt) 2005 60
Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSCP) (Algeria), guided light weapons holdings
2008 32
Saleh, Ali Abdullah 2003 79
sales, international arms transfers 2009 9
SALIGRAD see Assessing Small Arms Issues and Developing Capacity for Peace in the Horn of
Africa
Salih, President Ali Abdullah 2003 170–1
280
al-Sallal, Colonel Abdullah 2003 170
Salopek, Paul 2004 127
Samoa
see also American Samoa
civilian ownership 2004 283
gun control measures 2004 302, 2004 303
illicit weapons and trade 2004 285
imports 2004 281
stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
San Antonio (Texas), gang treatment projects 2010 242
San Salvador (El Salvador), gang violence 2010 141
SANDF see South African National Defence Force
Sandline International 2001 104, 2001 109, 2001 110, 2001 121
in Papua New Guinea 2011 113, 2011 114, 2011 116, 2011 117–18
Sankoh, Foday 2001 120–3
Santa Barbara (Spain) 2004 7
company profile 2000 2002 37–8
financial indicators 2000 2002 21
licensed production 2002 51
ownership of 2001 2002 12
Santorini 2002 91, 2002 93
Santos, Ambassador Carlos dos 2002 207
São Paulo (Brazil)
illicit craft production 2003 29
prison gangs 2010 170–2
private security companies, firearm stockpiles 2011 113
urban violence 2007 167
urbanization 2007 168
São Tomé and Príncipe, destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 101
SAPS see South African Police Service; Structural Adjustment Programmes
SAR 21 rifle 2003 22
SAR 80 assault rifle 2001 63
Sarajevo, market massacre (1994) 2008 12
Sarawis 2005 308, 2005 312
Sark, tax havens and brokers 2001 105
Sarsilmaz (Turkey) 2005 56
SASP see Small Arms Serialization Program
Sassou-Nguesso, Dennis 2003 256–8, 2003 260–2, 2003 264–5, 2003 267
satellite towns, definition 2007 169
satellite tracking, transfer control 2008 132
Satgas Papua (West Papua) 2002 98
Saudi Arabia
control measures, MANPADS 2004 90
exports 2004 105
human rights 2004 128, 2004 133
military small arms and light weapons 2009 23, 2009 24
281
transparency 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 15, 2011 17
illicit transfers from 2007 105, 2007 106
to Somalia 2007 94
imports
from Brazil 2004 123
Comtrade data 2009 12
from the European Union 2003 104
human rights 2004 128
list of exporters 2005 102, 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 68, 2006 69
military firearms 2002 116
military small arms and light weapons 2009 25
pistols and revolvers 2009 22
shotgun shells 2010 25
top importers 2004 2007 74
from the United States 2003 106
value 1994–1998 2001 157
value 2001 2004 100, 2004 102, 2004 108, 2004 111
value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 106, 2005 108
value 2003 2006 67, 2006 74, 2006 77
non-state actors
light weapons holdings 2008 33
support for 2002 130
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 279
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2002 51, 2002 52–3, 2007 15
most popular small arms 2001 19, 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 53, 2002 16, 2002 18, 2002 19, 2002 57
stockpiles
civilian holdings 2007 47–8, 2007 57
military 2005 88
police 2005 89
stockpile security 2004 55, 2004 102
Yemen 2003 170, 2003 175
Savage Arms (United States) 2001 27, 2002 28, 2005 54
Save the Children Fund, child soldiers 2002 171
Savimbi, Jonas 2003 297, 2005 191–2, 2005 285
elections 2003 304–5
illicit transfers to UNITA 2001 173
savings, effects of small arms misuse 2003 131, 2003 144–5
Schmidl, Erwin A. 2003 292
Schmidt & Bender (Austria) 2005 59
schools
attacks on 2009 203–4
attacks within 2009 204–5
effects of small arms misuse 2003 140–1
shooting incidents 2008 265–6
282
violence mapping 2008 216
Schweizerische Industrie-Gesellschaft (SIG) (Switzerland) 2001 33, 2001 38
see also SIG
science fiction, less-lethal weapons technology 2011 84
Scientific and Technical Department (DPTC) (Rio de Janeiro) 2007 302
scope mounts 2005 49
Scotland, law enforcement stockpiles 2006 41
Scott Report, UK export controls 2002 248
SCPS see Société centrafricaine de protection et de surveillance
screening
Canada 2002 269
national control of civilian ownership 2002 265
Seattle (United States), weapons collection programmes 2003 280
Second World War, tonnage of bombs deployed 2008 94
Second World War stocks
European civilian holdings 2007 52
Pacific Islands 2003 35
US armed forces stocks 2001 73
second-generation security promotion, post-conflict situations 2009 220, 2009 233, 2009
237–41
second-hand weapons
prices as an indicator of stockpiles 2002 65–7
sub-Saharan Africa 2003 117–18
transfers of, data 2003 101
sectarian violence, Northern Ireland 2003 284–6
‘Sector 5’, production 2006 8
Securitas 2011 103
security
see also insecurity; national security; stockpile security
aid 2001 233–4
armed groups 2006 250–1, 2006 252–3, 2006 259
cultures of violence 2001 205–8
definition 2002 190
demand for small arms 2006 142, 2006 145, 2006 148, 2006 149–52
development programmes, effects of small arms misuse 2002 297–303, 2003 148–9, 2003
150–1
disarmament and weapons collection 2002 280, 2002 292–5, 2002 304–5, 2002 313, 2003
152, 2003 294, 2003 309, 2003 312
Mali 2002 288
Republic of the Congo 2002 300–1
fragmentation of public space 2007 176–8
global norms 2003 231
government controls, Middle East 2003 79–80
humanitarian approach 2002 177
humanitarian operations 2002 186–92, 2002 190
illicit craft production 2003 28
investment and revenue collection 2003 144–5
283
Iraq, weapons prices 2007 270
Israel 2003 77–8
Kyrgyzstan 2004 317–18
local security arrangements, South Sudan 2007 336–9
Papua New Guinea 2006 165–6, 2006 179–82, 2006 183–4
post-conflict 2005 269–71, 2005 276, 2005 279, 2009 219–20, 2009 233–41, 2009 327–9
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 266
privatization of 2001 219–20, 2003 139–40, 2004 196–8, 2004 199, 2007 176–8, 2007 183
public perceptions of
community policing 2007 184
urban violence 2007 175–8, 2007 181, 2007 182
refugee camps 2001 227
South Sudan 2007 326
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239
urban armed violence 2007 175–8, 2007 180, 2007 181, 2007 182
urbanization 2007 161
violence in refugee camps 2002 168–9
security first approach, Mali 2002 288
security forces
community groups 2010 267
Côte d’Ivoire 2011 6, 2011 199–211
security personnel
humanitarian agencies 2002 191
misuse of guns by, Cambodia 2006 130–1
security provision
see also private security companies
hybrid 2011 2–3, 2011 146–50
non-state sector 2011 2–3
state sector 2011 1–2
Security Research and Information Centre (SRIC) 2001 262–5, 2001 265
security sector reform (SSR) 2003 153, 2005 276, 2005 287, 2005 289, 2005 303
Cambodia 2006 119–20, 2006 133–5, 2006 136
Côte d’Ivoire 2011 194, 2011 216–20
Haiti 2011 2, 2011 6
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 179
post-conflict 2005 276, 2005 287, 2005 289, 2005 303, 2011 2
South Sudan 2007 330
surplus destruction 2008 104–5
Uganda 2007 300
urban armed violence 2007 180
West Africa armed groups 2006 259
Yemen 2003 186
Security Threat Groups 2010 162
see also prison gangs
sedentary communities 2003 141, 2003 143
SEESAC see South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms
and Light Weapons
284
segregation
fragmentation of public space 2007 175–8
urban violence 2007 167
seizures
Afghanistan 2003 75–6
ammunition 2005 11
Brazil, ammunition 2007 301–2, 2007 304–5
China 2005 82
illicit weapons 1999 2001 167
international illicit trade 2005 113–16
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 181, 2007 182
Philippines 2002 138, 2002 139, 2007 145
RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 172–3
South America 2006 83–7
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239
self-defence
accessibility thesis 2001 202, 2004 182–6
Burundi 2007 198, 2007 216–17, 2007 221
civilian firearms 2011 286–90
Colombia 2006 230–2
crime in Africa 2004 198
demand for small arms 2006 148
firearms ownership 2007 171
frequency of defensive uses 2004 184
international law 2004 181
Kyrgyzstan 2004 314
national control of civilian ownership 2002 264
Pacific 2004 301
Papua New Guinea 2006 180, 2006 183, 2006 184
Philippines 2007 145
policing 2004 217–18
South Sudan 2007 338
violence and crime 2004 173, 2004 174
weapons collection 2002 304–5, 2002 308
young men and small arms 2006 302, 2006 306–7
self-determination, UN Programme of Action 2002 222
self-homing applications 2003 25
self-inflicted injuries, costs of small arms violence 2006 199–200, 2006 201
self-loading rifles (SLR)
military procurement, United Kingdom 2006 12
Nepal 2003 113
Papua New Guinea 2006 175, 2006 176, 2006 177
Sellier & Bellot (Czech Republic) 2003 15, 2003 40, 2004 27
semi-automatic weapons
civilian ownership 2007 61, 2007 63–4
criminal ownership 2010 114
national control of civilian ownership 2002 265, 2002 269
285
police use 2011 74–5
technological developments 2011 77–8
transfer of military firearms to civilian ownership 2007 61
used in crime in the US 2001 23
Sendero Luminoso see Shining Path
Senegal
armed groups 2002 82, 2006 249, 2006 255, 2006 256, 2006 259
illicit transfers to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 171
imports 2004 101, 2004 114
insurgent stockpiles 2003 82
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
violence and crime 2004 193, 2004 194, 2004 195, 2004 196, 2004 198
sentencing, demand for small arms 2006 143, 2006 148
sentimental value of weapons, Yemen 2003 178
September 11, 2001 2003 73
al-Qaeda 2003 73
illicit craft production in Pakistan 2003 33
increase in small arms sales 2002 9
stockpiles 2002 102, 2003 57, 2003 59–62
SER PAZ (Ecuador), gang reintegration 2010 93–4, 2010 216–21
Serbia
see also Serbia and Montenegro
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
destruction programmes
MANPADS 2008 101
surplus weapons 2008 97, 2008 105
disarmament 2009 163
disarmament and weapons collection 2003 61, 2003 297, 2003 300
displacement of Albanian Kosovars 2002 168
exports
human rights 2004 129, 2004 131
transparency 2009 8, 2009 49, 2010 8, 2010 15, 2011 15, 2011 16
illicit transfers from, to Liberia 2004 131, 2005 168
illicit transfers to 2001 176
NATO’s war against 1999, humanitarian agencies 2002 190
non-state armed groups, firearms 2010 122
private security companies
firearm stockpiles 2011 113
personnel 2011 106
production
AK series rifles 2001 17
global ranking of countries 2001 16
light weapons 2008 35
most popular small arms 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 38, 2001 53
small arms per person 2008 87, 2008 88
stockpiles 2006 41, 2006 44, 2006 46
286
civilian holdings 2007 47–8
correlation of registered to unregistered firearms 2007 56
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
military
destruction programmes 2007 65
transfers to civilian ownership 2007 61
surplus weapons 2008 80, 2008 89
Serbia and Montenegro
see also Montenegro; Serbia
brokers 2004 144
civilian ownership 2003 65
DDR and weapons reduction 2003 293, 2005 290, 2005 292
destruction programmes 2004 58
exports
ammunition 2009 15
Comtrade data 2009 13
irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 2007 100, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007 103, 2007
105
military firearms 2009 24, 2009 35
transparency 2007 89
to the United States 2003 39
illicit transfers from 2003 111
to West Africa 2003 119
imports 2006 70
irresponsible transfers to 2007 105
Kosovo 2005 210, 2005 216–20
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 279
production 2003 38, 2003 46–7, 2004 103
licensed 2007 15
young men and small arms 2006 297
serial numbers, weapons tracing 2009 111–14, 2009 116–18
service life, ammunition 2005 17–18
sexual assault 2002 172
see also rape
by women 2010 195
children 2009 196, 2009 197
conflict 2001 213
effects of small arms misuse 2003 147–8
girl gang members 2010 198–9
Haiti 2011 241
Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 2006 174–5, 2006 184
South Sudan 2007 329, 2007 330–1
Uganda 2006 288
sexual minorities, policing 2004 236
Seychelles
alleged arms embargo violations, 2001 2002 132
irresponsible transfers to Indonesia 2007 101
287
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
Shabaab (Somalia), guided light weapons holdings 2008 33
Shanti Bahini, illicit transfers to 2002 129, 2002 144
shantytowns
see also slums
urban violence 2007 162, 2007 167–9
violence of urbanization 2007 175–6
sharp instrument injuries see knife/sharp instrument injuries
sheikhs, Yemen 2003 183, 2003 185–6
shelf life, ammunition 2005 17–18, 2005 31
shells, construction 2005 10–12
Shevardnadze, President Eduard 2003 191, 2003 202
al-Shibah, Ramzi bin 2003 170
Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso, SL), prison rebellions 2010 166–7
ships, use for diversions 2008 115–16
Shiri, Perence 2001 108
Shiv Sena (India), urban political armed violence in Mumbai 2007 175
Shlem missile 2008 18
‘Shmel’ see RPO-A ‘Shmel’
short-term gain-seeking groups 2005 191, 2005 192–5, 2005 198–9
shotgun shells, transfers 2010 18, 2010 22–3, 2010 25–7, 2010 30
shotguns
ammunition 2005 12
barrels and cartridges, transfers 2000–2006 2009 12
Brazil 2007 228, 2007 231
Colombia 2006 231
dual-purpose 2011 83
exports 2006 68–73
customs data 1999 2002 113, 2002 114, 2002 115
from Russia 2003 110
trends 1995–1999 2002 147
imports 2006 75–8
Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83
military stockpiles 2006 54
Papua New Guinea 2006 175, 2006 176, 2006 177, 2006 178
police firearms 2001 69, 2001 70
production
Argentina 2004 20, 2004 21
Brazil 2004 22
Italy 2001 32
manufacturing sectors 2005 53
United States 2001 26, 2001 27, 2002 27, 2002 29, 2003 17, 2003 18, 2004 13, 2004
14, 2004 119, 2004 120
South America 2006 86
transfers of 2003 102–3
United Kingdom 2004 189
US Army inventory 2001 2002 84
288
used in crime in the US 2001 24
Shoubra Company for Engineering Industries (Egypt) 2002 17
shoulder-fired rocket launchers, stockpiles 2002 63, 2002 64, 2002 70–3
Shoulder-launched Multipurpose Assault Weapon (SMAW) 2011 27
SHP see Southern Highlands Province
Shrem, Marco 2004 141
SICA see System for Central American Integration
Sierra Leone
armed groups
see also Revolutionary United Front
Arms for Development programme 2006 264–5
children in 2001 230, 2001 1229, 2006 251
craft production 2006 255
DDR programmes 2006 259, 2006 261
looting 2006 253
short-term gain-seeking groups 2005 193, 2005 194
sources of weapons 2006 254–5
typology 2006 249
brokering 2004 152, 2004 164
child soldiers 2009 197
Civil Defence Forces 2010 270
conflict
child soldiers 2001 229, 2001 230, 2006 251
co-operative conflict 2002 175
conflict goods 2002 142
conflict weapons and crime 2004 196
deaths 2005 252, 2005 253, 2005 258
displaced persons 2001 2002 196
internal displacement 2001 224
percentage of population killed in 2001 210
control measures, West African Moratorium 2001 261
culture of violence 2001 205
DDR and weapons reduction 2003 307–8, 2006 259–61, 2006 264–5, 2009 185, 2009 187
assessment of 2005 278, 2005 284
disposal methods 2002 311
peace agreements 2003 283–4
peace operations, disarmament 2003 293
Small Arms Control in the Mano River Union 2004–2005 2005 290
UNAMSIL and NCDDR 1999–2001 2002 289–90, 2002 302, 2002 311, 2003 279
UNAMSIL and NCDDR 2001–2002 2002 289–90, 2002 290, 2002 302, 2002 311,
2003 279, 2003 290, 2003 293, 2005 291
UNDP Arms for Development 2002–2005 2005 291
UNOMSIL 1998–1999 2003 293
diamond trade and brokers 2001 108
gender relations, effects of small arms misuse 2003 147
humanitarian impacts 2002 160
illicit transfers to 2001 170, 2001 171–3
289
arms embargoes 2002 132, 2002 133, 2004 112, 2004 268, 2004 269
arms supply networks 2001 116, 2001 119–23
brokers 2004 164
violations of end-user certificates 2002 134
imports
authorized transfers 1999–2002 2004 114
customs data 2002 126
human rights 2004 128, 2004 132
selected transfers 1999–2001 2002 147
from UK 2001 151
military procurement 2006 16, 2006 22, 2006 30
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 33
political violence 2010 266
post-conflict crime 2005 274
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 279
private military companies 2001 110
private security companies
armed 2011 112
personnel 2011 106, 2011 108
regulation 2011 150
training 2011 123
production, craft production 2006 255
refugee camps 2009 202
sexual assault by women 2010 195
stockpiles 2003 81
insurgents 2003 82
law enforcement 2006 41
young men and small arms 2006 305
Sierra Rutile 2011 112
SIG 540 Series assault rifle 2004 23
company profile 2000 2002 39
estimate of total production 2001 63
licensed production, Chile 2001 30
most popular assault rifles 2001 18, 2001 20
production 2001 33
SIG 550-552 2001 63
SIG Arms Inc (United States) 2002 39
SIG Arms (Switzerland) 2001 20, 2001 33, 2002 38–9
see also Schweizerische Industrie-Gesellschaft
SIG SAUER SP 2022 pistol 2009 40–2, 2011 72
SIG-Sauer 9mm P226 Pistol 2002 39
Sihanouk, King 2002 129, 2006 120
Sikani, Richard 2006 178
Silent Guardian 2011 86
Simonov SKS assault rifle, Burundi 2007 204
Singapore
290
civilian firearms
licences 2011 280
penalties for unlawful possession 2011 282
prohibited and restricted 2011 271
storage requirements 2011 293
transfer regulation 2011 282
use regulation 2011 285, 2011 286
user regulation 2011 277, 2011 279
export controls 2009 67
enforcement 2009 86
licensing authorities 2009 90
licensing systems 2009 72, 2009 74, 2009 80–1
transfer criteria 2009 94
exports
annual value 2001 148
human rights 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131
irresponsible transfers from 2007 101, 2007 103, 2007 104
list of importers 2005 107
shotgun shells 2010 25
transparency 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17
unreported 2009 8
value 2001 2004 102, 2004 103, 2004 105
value 2002 2005 100
value 2003 2006 68, 2006 72
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 209, 2001 240
global cities 2007 163
imports
from Brazil 2004 123
customs data 2002 126
disturbing transfers 2001 155
list of exporters 2005 103, 2005 104, 2005 105
shotgun shells 2010 25
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 279
production
ammunition 2001 15
global ranking of countries 2001 16
grenade launchers 2004 32
licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 2007 18
light weapons 2008 35
MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82
manufacturing sectors 2005 61
most important companies 2003 15
most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 44, 2001 53, 2002 57, 2004 11
transfers, undocumented 2009 31
transportation, record-keeping 2010 53
Singapore Technologies Kinetics (STK) (Singapore)
291
airbursting ammunition 2003 25, 2011 25
ammunition contracts 2010 29, 2010 31
licensed production 2002 45, 2007 11
major producers by weapon type 2004 27, 2004 29
most important companies 2003 15
survey of producers 2001 44, 2004 11
Singh, Jasjit 2001 62, 2007 41
single-parent families
Brazil 2007 228, 2007 233, 2007 235, 2007 244, 2007 245, 2007 247
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181
single-shot (bolt-action) rifles, military stockpiles 2006 54, 2006 55, 2006 57
single-shot, disposable units, transfers 2011 27–9
Sinn Fein, disarmament 2003 284–6, 2006 260
SISME see System of Security Information Exchange
SK Jagd-und Sportmunitions (Germany) 2002 12
SKS automatic rifle 2003 267–8, 2006 55
Sky Air Cargo Services UK 2001 121, 2001 122, 2001 172
sky marshals 2004 66
SL (Sendero Luminoso) see Shining Path
slang, small arms in popular culture 2006 309–10
sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis) 2002 170
Slovakia
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
brokering 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 160, 2004 161
civilian ownership 2003 65
diversion, sub-machine guns from Uganda to Liberia 2008 115, 2008 117, 2008 121
EU membership 2008 103
exports 2001 148, 2002 120, 2003 108, 2005 107
human rights 2004 129, 2004 131
irresponsible transfers from 2007 102, 2007 103, 2007 105, 2007 106
military small arms and light weapons 2009 23, 2009 24
transparency 2009 49, 2010 13, 2010 15, 2011 16
illicit transfers from 2001 176
to Liberia 2002 132
to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 171, 2001 172, 2002 132
to Sudanese Government 2001 174
imports 2005 104, 2006 70
ATGWs 2011 31, 2011 32
grenade launchers 2011 26
recoilless guns 2011 27
NATO membership 2008 103
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 279
private security companies, personnel 2011 106
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
government control 2003 38
licensed 2007 15
292
light weapons 2008 35
manufacturing sectors 2005 61
RPG-7 variants 2004 36
survey of producers 2001 35, 2001 36, 2001 53, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 42–3
transfer controls 2008 127–8
Slovenia
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11
brokering 2004 153, 2004 154, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 160, 2004 161
EU membership 2008 103
exports
irresponsible transfers to India 2007 101
value 2001 148
imports, single-shot disposable systems 2011 28
NATO membership 2008 103
post-conflict outcome 2009 226
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 279
private security companies
armed 2011 112
personnel 2011 106
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
light weapons 2008 35
manufacturing sectors 2005 61
survey of producers 2001 53, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 46
surplus weapons, transferred to Afghanistan and Iraq 2008 79
SLR see self-loading rifles
slums
see also shantytowns
definition of urban areas 2007 169
São Paulo, Brazil 2007 167
urban armed violence 2007 162, 2007 167–9, 2007 179–81, 2007 180
violence of urbanization 2007 175–6
small arms, definitions 2001 8, 2004 8, 2005 40–1, 2009 8–9, 2010 3, 2011 5
Small Arms and Cartridges Corporation (CAST) (Russian Federation) 2003 15, 2003 19, 2004
15
Small Arms Conference see United Nations (UN), Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms
and Light Weapons in all its Aspects
Small Arms Consultative Group Process (CGP) 2007 129
transfers to non-state actors 2007 133–5
Small Arms Factory Group (SAF) (Israel) 2002 123
small arms and light weapons (SALW)
definitions 2004 107–8
International Tracing Instrument 2006 103–4
OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 212
Small Arms Survey 2001 8, 2002 10, 2003 10, 2004 8, 2005 41
terrorism 2003 59–60
UN 2001 251
293
UN Programme of Action 2002 221
military requirements 2008 86–9
Small Arms Serialization Program (SASP) 2007 83–4
Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer
2004 update 2004 3–4, 2004 99, 2004 115–18, 2004 134
2005 update 2005 110–13, 2005 117
2006 update 2006 65, 2006 80–2, 2006 88
2007 update 2007 73, 2007 74, 2007 87–90
2008 update 2008 114, 2008 137–42
2009 update 2009 8, 2009 47–52
2010 update 2010 8, 2010 13–17
2011 update 2011 15–19
small-bore repeaters, Yemen 2003 173
small-calibre ammunition see ammunition
SMAW see Shoulder-launched Multipurpose Assault Weapon
SME Ordnance (Malaysia) 2001 43
SME Technologies (Malaysia) 2001 43
Smith & Wesson (S&W) (United States)
exports 2004 119
financial indicators 2002 21, 2002 28
handguns 2011 74, 2011 93
illicit weapons seized in Brazil 2001 23
lawsuits in the US and introduction of safety features 2002 28–9
losses 2002 9
major producers by weapon type 2004 27
manufacturing sectors 2005 54, 2005 55
ownership of 2002 12, 2002 28
ranked by weapons type 2002 29
revolvers used by gangs in Ecuador 2010 214
safety features 2011 79
survey of producers 2001 26, 2001 27, 2004 13–14
weapons used in crime in the US 2001 23, 2001 24
smuggling
see also diversions; illicit transfers; trafficking
Africa 2003 86
ammunition 2005 26
ant trade 2002 135
Bangladesh as a transit country 2002 144
civilian disarmament 2003 306
Colombia 2006 222–3
control measures 2003 61–2
Europe 2003 71–2, 2006 83
from Former Yugoslavia 2003 111
Kosovo 2005 215, 2005 219, 2005 221
Latin America 2003 87, 2003 116–17
Macedonia/FRY 2003 67
into Mexico 2003 108
294
Palestine 2003 78
Palestinian territories 2002 91, 2002 93–4
prices
black-market prices 2002 68
Kalashnikov rifles 2007 257
South America 2006 83–7
Southern Africa, destruction programmes 2003 245–6
sub-Saharan Africa 2003 117, 2003 117–18
transport by sea 2002 144
United States 2003 106
West Africa 2003 118–19
SNC Industrial Technologies (Canada) 2001 27
Snelgrove, Victoria 2011 88, 2011 92
sniper rifles
Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83, 2007 84
major producers 2004 27
manufacturing sectors 2005 51–3
most popular military weapons 2004 29
police firearms 2011 75–7
Belgium 2001 69, 2001 70
technological developments 2003 22, 2003 23
US Army inventory 2001 2002 84
SNM see Somali National Movement
social activity, Georgia 2003 206–7
social bonding theory, armed violence 2008 248
social capital
costs of small arms violence 2006 191
demand for small arms 2006 145
effects of small arms misuse 2003 131, 2003 146–8
indicators 2002 159
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181
social cohesion, fragmentation of public space 2007 176–8
social control, Yemen 2003 169–70, 2003 183–5
social development, disarmament 2003 309
social dislocation, urban violence 2007 167
social factors
conflict use 2005 180–1, 2005 188–99
disarmament and peace operations 2003 294
firearm-related deaths, Brazil 2007 228, 2007 233–8, 2007 243–6, 2007 247, 2007 251,
2007 252
gang violence 2010 146–9
illicit craft production 2003 27
social impact studies, weapons collection programmes 2002 312–14
social interaction, urban violence 2007 167
social learning theory, armed violence 2008 248
social networks, effects of small arms 2001 229
social reintegration, Aceh 2009 259–62
295
social services, effects of small arms misuse 2003 131, 2003 140–1, 2003 144–5
social violence
costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 2006 192, 2006 194–5, 2006 200
developing countries 2003 126–8
distinction from gun violence 2003 130
effects on human development 2003 130
Georgia 2003 206
social welfare, indicators of humanitarian impacts 2002 159–60
socialization, young men and small arms 2006 300–1, 2006 301–10
Société centrafricaine de protection et de surveillance (SCPS) 2005 309, 2005 312
Society for the Defense of Tradition, Family and Property 2004 70–1
Society without Violence (El Salvador) 2008 292
Sofia Statement, end-use assurances 2002 252
soft law 2003 219–20
soft-point bullets see expanding bullets
Soghanalian, Sarkis 2001 101, 2001 103, 2001 187, 2004 165, 2004 166, 2008 135, 2008 136
soldiers
see also child soldiers; ex-combatants
criticism by humanitarian agencies 2002 190
enforcement of humanitarian law 2002 184
Geneva Conventions 2002 179
humanitarian and human rights law 2002 181
new wars 2002 174–5
selling arms 2002 137
sole licences 2007 8
Solomon Islands 2004 5
black-market prices for M16 rifle 2002 67
conflict
availability factors 2005 184, 2005 186
conflict weapons 2004 289
illicit arms 2001 184
costs of firearm misuse 2004 292–3
DDR and weapons reduction 2003 302–3, 2003 304, 2004 296, 2004 298–300, 2009 185
monitoring organizations 2003 293
PMC 2001–2002 peace-building 2003 280, 2005 282–3, 2005 292
post-conflict 2004 58, 2005 282–3, 2005 292
demand for small arms 2005 281, 2005 282–3, 2006 148, 2006 153, 2006 155, 2006 156,
2006 157, 2006 158
disarmament 2009 163, 2009 166, 2009 174–5
illicit capture of weapons 2008 54
imports 2004 280
post-conflict outcome 2009 227
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 279
production, craft production 2003 35–6, 2004 288, 2005 18
stockpiles 2003 88, 2003 89
civilian holdings 2004 283, 2004 302, 2004 303
leakage 2004 287, 2004 288
296
police 2004 230
state 2004 284
stockpile security 2004 55
transportation of weapons 2005 185
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2009 166, 2009 174–5
Somali National Alliance (SNA), guided light weapons holdings 2008 33
Somali National Movement (SNM) 2009 240
Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG) 2007 92–3
Somalia
ammunition, undocumented transfers 2010 27
conflict
attacks on humanitarian operations 2002 192
child soldiers 2001 229
conflict use 2005 193
percentage of population killed in 2001 210
trigger effect 2001 204–5
violence in South Sudan 2007 317
DDR and weapons reduction 2003 293, 2003 298–9, 2005 291, 2009 185
development programmes, effects of misuse of small arms 2003 149
diversion of weapons from Latvia 2008 120, 2008 123
illicit transfers from, to Kenya 2001 175
illicit transfers to 2001 175, 2007 74, 2007 92–4, 2007 97
arms embargoes 2002 132, 2004 128, 2004 264
brokering 2004 163
through Yemen 2004 102
immunization programmes 2002 170
imports 2004 109
MANPADS 2004 88
MANPADS attacks on aircraft 2008 13
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 33
non-state armed groups
firearms 2010 122
stockpiles 2010 324
prices 2002 66, 2002 67, 2002 70
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 279
RPG-7 2004 35
security sector reform 2003 153
shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71
stockpiles 2004 54, 2006 38
civilian holdings, correlation to GDP 2007 60
Somaliland
community-based disarmament 2009 240
community-based weapons management 2010 320
policing 2010 319
Somaliland Armed Forces, firearms 2010 122
Son San 2002 129
Soreq Nuclear Research Center (Israel) 2011 78
297
South Africa
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 12
Arms and Ammunition Act No.75 (AAA) (1969) 2008 186
brokering
arrests 2004 164
controls 2001 109, 2002 256
definition 2004 143
extraterritorial jurisdiction 2004 159
legislation 2004 161
licensing 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 156, 2004 157
Central Firearms Registry (CFR) 2008 187
civilian firearms
carrying in public 2011 296
licences 2011 281
prohibited and restricted 2011 268, 2011 271
registration 2011 273
reporting requirements 2011 291
storage requirements 2011 292
transfer regulation 2011 282
use regulation 2011 285, 2011 286
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 277, 2011 278, 2011 280
control measures
ammunition 2005 21
Bamako Declaration (2000) (OAU) 2002 213
brokering 2001 109, 2002 256, 2004 154, 2004 155, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 161
civilian ownership 2002 223, 2002 269–70, 2003 239–40, 2006 158
International Tracing Instrument 2006 99
MANPADS 2005 136, 2005 137
norms 2003 216–17
reform measures 2004 67
UN Programme of Action 2002 210–11, 2002 223, 2002 228
costs of small arms violence 2001 217, 2006 194, 2006 196, 2006 197, 2006 199
crime
cash-in-transit robberies 2008 191–2
violent 2008 183, 2008 184–5, 2008 187–9
crowd control 2011 87–8
demand for small arms
availability 2006 158
individual status 2006 152
personal security 2006 149
political identity 2006 153
programmes targeting demand 2006 157
social and economic security 2006 152
Department of Correctional Services, firearms 2008 197–8
destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 96, 2008 97
disarmament 2009 163, 2009 176–7, 2009 179
effects of small arms misuse 2003 138, 2003 144–5
298
export controls 2009 67, 2009 68
enforcement 2009 86
licensing authorities 2009 87, 2009 90
licensing systems 2009 72, 2009 75
transfer criteria 2009 91, 2009 94
exports
ammunition 2009 16
annual value 2001 148
average annual value 2001 147
codes of conduct 2002 183
to Colombia 2005 161, 2006 236
customs data 2002 126
to Haiti 2005 164
human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130
irresponsible transfers from 2007 99, 2007 100, 2007 101, 2007 103, 2007 106
list of importers 2005 107, 2005 108, 2006 75, 2006 76
military firearms 2002 115, 2002 116, 2009 33, 2009 35
military small arms and light weapons 2009 24
national reporting 2001 151, 2002 120, 2002 121, 2003 98
to the Republic of the Congo 2003 261, 2003 263
share of total arms exports 2001 144
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 23
transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 78, 2006 81, 2007 74, 2007 87, 2007 89, 2009
50, 2010 16, 2011 17
trends 2000 2003 118
unreported 2009 8, 2009 10, 2009 31
value 2001 2004 105
value 2002 2005 104
value 2003 2006 72
firearm homicides 2009 176–7
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 201, 2001 233, 2001 241
firearms
competency certificates 2008 186, 2008 190
Department of Correctional Services 2008 197–8
licences 2008 187
lost or stolen 2008 188–9, 2008 191–2, 2008 193–5, 2008 196, 2008 198
private security companies 2008 190–3
South African National Defence Force (SANDF) 2008 195–7
South African Police Service (SAPS) 2008 193–5
use in crime 2008 183, 2008 184–5, 2008 187–8
Firearms Control Act (FCA) (2000) 2008 183, 2008 186–7, 2008 198, 2009 177
Firearms Control Bill (FCB) 2008 186
firearms injuries 2001 214
gang violence 2010 142
gangs 2010 233
interventions 2010 239
illicit transfers from
299
air cargo companies 2001 121
to Burundi 2007 74, 2007 85–6, 2009 109
non-state actors 2002 129
to Rwanda 2002 132
to Sudanese Government 2001 174
to UNITA in Angola 2001 117, 2002 132, 2005 192
imports 2003 117
from Brazil 2004 123
from China 2002 22
MANPADS 2004 87
pistols and revolvers 2009 22
Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) 2008 196
Mozambique, weapons collection 2002 295
National Conventional Arms Control Committee (NCACC) 2009 68
National Crime Prevention Strategy (NCPS) 2008 185
National Injury Mortuary Surveillance System (NIMSS) 2008 188
percentage of population killed in conflict 2001 210
policing 2004 217, 2004 218, 2004 219, 2004 229
post-conflict outcome 2009 227
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 279
prison gangs 2010 162–4
private security companies 2001 220, 2011 103, 2011 140
firearm stockpiles 2011 113
firearms 2008 190–3
personnel 2011 106
stockpile management 2011 121
training 2011 124
production 2004 11
global ranking of countries 2001 16
illicit craft production 2001 45–6, 2003 27, 2003 30–1
licensed 2002 43, 2002 45, 2002 47–8, 2007 15, 2007 27
light weapons 2008 35
manufacturing sectors 2005 52, 2005 61
most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 20, 2001 21
survey of producers 2001 40, 2001 41, 2001 53, 2002 57
Uzi sub-machine gun 2001 19
Rwandan genocide 2001 207
small arms per person 2008 87, 2008 88
stockpiles 2003 85
civilian holdings 2001 86, 2002 137, 2002 138, 2003 30–1, 2003 83, 2007 47–8, 2007
172
correlation of registered to unregistered firearms 2007 56
national registration data 2007 50
distribution of firearms 2001 67
illicit small arms 2001 21–2
military 2001 73, 2006 44, 2006 46
destruction programmes 2007 65
300
in Mozambique 2001 64
police 2001 70, 2006 41
destruction programmes 2007 65
stockpile lethality 2004 53, 2004 54
stolen firearms 2002 137, 2002 138, 2004 63, 2004 64
surplus weapons 2008 89
transportation
licensing 2010 53
record-keeping 2010 53
‘truth commission’ 2003 311
violence and crime 2004 192, 2004 193
carjackings 2007 172
sexual violence 2001 213
survey of gunshot victims 2001 217–18
violence in schools 2009 205
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 74, 2003 60, 2003 243–4, 2003 279,
2004 58, 2004 60, 2005 75, 2005 290, 2009 166, 2009 176–7
young men and small arms 2006 304, 2006 305
South African National Defence Force (SANDF) 2003 243–4, 2007 85–6
firearms 2008 195–7
South African Police Service (SAPS) 2003 243
attacks on 2008 195
firearms 2008 193–5
South African Service Corps 2009 233, 2009 235
South America
authorized transfers 2003 101, 2003 114, 2003 115
exports, value 2000 2003 100
illicit transfers 2001 184–8, 2006 65, 2006 83–7, 2006 88
imports, value 2000 2003 100
production
distribution of producers 2003 11
distribution of producing companies 2001 10, 2003 12, 2003 14, 2004 10
distribution of producing countries 2001 10, 2002 11, 2002 12, 2004 9
survey of producers 2001 28–30
surplus weapons estimates 2008 84–5
South Asia
attempt to create regional plan 2002 214–15
authorized transfers 2003 111–13
civilian ownership, changing patterns of 2007 63
economic effects of conflict 2001 231
illicit transfers 2001 180–2
imports, value 2000 2003 100
insurgents and other non-state combatants 1999 2001 79
production
illicit 2001 46–7
survey of producers 2001 42–3
stockpiles, 2002 update 2002 99–102
301
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) 2002 216
South Australia (Australia)
civilian firearms
licences 2011 282
prohibited and restricted 2011 269
self-defence use 2011 289–90
storage requirements 2011 293
use regulation 2011 286
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 277, 2011 279
South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms and Light
Weapons (SEESAC) 2004 252, 2008 115–16, 2011 19
estimates of civilian holdings 2007 53
South Korea
export controls 2009 68
licensing authorities 2009 89
licensing systems 2009 71, 2009 74
transfer criteria 2009 91, 2009 93, 2009 95
exports
ammunition 2009 15, 2009 16
annual value 2001 148
human rights 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132
irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 2007 100, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007 104, 2007
105, 2007 106, 2007 107
list of importers 2005 107, 2006 76, 2006 78
national reporting 2001 151, 2002 120, 2002 121
pistols and revolvers 2001 147
share of total arms exports 2001 144
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 24
transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17
value 2001 2004 106
value 2002 2005 105
value 2003 2006 72
to Venezuela 2007 81, 2007 107
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 209, 2001 240
imports
ammunition 2009 16
Comtrade data 2001 156, 2009 8, 2009 12
customs data 2002 126
list of exporters 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 70, 2006 73
military firearms 2002 116
military small arms and light weapons 2009 25
from the United States 2004 10–11, 2004 120
value 2001 2004 100, 2004 108, 2004 111
value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 106, 2005 108
value 2003 2006 74, 2006 77
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 277
production
302
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 2007 21
light weapons 2008 35
manufacturing sectors 2005 61
most popular small arms 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 57
stockpiles 2005 83, 2005 85, 2006 57
Third Biennial Meeting of States (BMS3) 2009 137
South Ossetia
conflict sourcing 2005 171
conflict use 2005 184
Georgia 2003 191, 2003 193–4
gun culture 2005 214
illicit transfers to 2001 179–80
South Sudan 2007 317–44
South Sudan DDR Commission (SSDDRC) 2007 332–3
South Sudan Defence Forces (SSDF) 2007 321–4, 2007 342–4, 2010 278–9
civilian disarmament in Jonglei State 2007 334
Juba Declaration on Unity and Integration (2006) 2007 319
Other Armed Groups 2007 326
South Sudan United Democratic Alliance (SSUDA) 2007 325
South Yemen see People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen
South-east Europe, production 2003 38, 2003 43–7
Southeast Asia
armed groups 2001 79, 2001 83, 2006 253
attempt to create regional plan 2002 214–15
deaths 2004 175, 2004 176, 2004 177, 2004 200
exports, value 2000 2003 100
firearm homicides and suicides 2008 219
illicit production 2001 46
illicit transfers 2001 83
imports 2003 101–2
value 2000 2003 100
stockpile security 2004 54–5, 2004 56
stockpiles 2002 97–9
Southern Africa
countries of 2001 259
demand for small arms 2006 143
International Tracing Instrument 2006 113–14
norms 2003 237–46
regional control measures 2001 261–2
weapons diverted to 2008 196
Southern Africa Regional Action Programme on Light Arms and Illicit Arms Trafficking (1998)
2001 261–2, 2002 210
Southern African Development Community (SADC) 2004 252
control measures 2001 261–2
norms 2003 216–17
303
Protocol on the Control of Firearms, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (2001) 2005
124, 2005 125, 2005 126, 2009 62, 2009 63, 2011 264
ammunition 2005 24
brokers 2002 256
MANPADS 2005 136
marking and tracing 2006 113–14
regional norms 2003 237–9, 2003 241–6
stockpiles 2003 86
regional norms 2003 237–46
UN Small Arms Conference (2001), Programme of Action 2002 211
Southern African Regional Police Chiefs Co-operation Organization (SARPCCO) 2004 217
control measures in Southern Africa 2001 262
regional norms 2003 237, 2003 245–6
weapons collection 2005 280
Southern Europe, illicit transfers 2001 176
Southern Highlands Province (SHP) (Papua New Guinea) 2006 165, 2006 166, 2006 167–78
Southern Lebanon Armed Violence Assessment 2009 317, 2009 323–33
death and injury 2009 325
demographics 2009 326
gun ownership 2009 329–30, 2009 331–2
methodology 2009 324–5
political party and militia support 2009 326–7
post-traumatic stress 2009 327
property damage 2009 326
security perceptions 2009 327–9, 2009 331
Southern Sudan
armed tribal groups 2010 285–8
civil wars 2010 278–80
Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) 2010 277, 2010 279–80, 2010 292–6
ethnicity 2010 281
governance 2010 281–2
Joint Integrated Units 2010 280, 2010 289–90
Lord’s Resistance Army 2010 288–9
oil fields 2010 295–6
referendum on self-determination (2011) 2010 277, 2010 278, 2010 292–3, 2010 296–7
security outlook 2010 292–6
Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) 2010 291–2
sovereignty see national sovereignty
Soviet Union
see also Commonwealth of Independent States; Russian Federation
break-up of
communal warfare 2001 78
surplus arms 2001 97
thefts from state arsenals 2002 137
exports
ammunition, to Uganda 2007 293, 2007 297
to Yemen 2003 175
304
Georgia 2003 192–5
gun culture 2005 213–14
illicit transfers from
to Central American non-state actors 2002 129
Cold War grey market 2001 168–9
Kyrgyzstan 2004 309
MANPADS 2004 79, 2004 81, 2008 16–17
mortars 2002 72
prices of Kalashnikov rifles 2007 258, 2007 261, 2007 264, 2007 268–9, 2007 281, 2007
282
Private Security Companies 2001 220
production
licensed 2007 11–12, 2007 17, 2007 19–20, 2007 21–2
MANPADS 2004 81, 2007 21
unlicensed 2007 7, 2007 21–2, 2007 24
RPG-7 2004 35
shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 70–1
stockpiles
destruction of surpluses 2004 60
Georgia 2003 198–9
military 2006 50
stockpile security 2002 137, 2004 54–5
surplus weapons 2001 97
Tajikistan 2005 169–70
Spain
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 12
export controls 2009 67
enforcement 2009 86
exceptions 2009 78
licensing authorities 2009 90
licensing systems 2009 72, 2009 75
pre-licensing requirements 2009 69
transfer criteria 2009 91, 2009 94
exports
ammunition 2006 67
annual value 2001 148
average annual value 2001 147
to Colombia 2006 236
Comtrade data 2009 12
Cyprus 2004 108
human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132
irresponsible transfers from 2007 81, 2007 98, 2007 99, 2007 100, 2007 102, 2007
103, 2007 104, 2007 105, 2007 106, 2007 107
list of importers 2005 107, 2005 108, 2006 76, 2006 77, 2006 78
military small arms and light weapons 2009 24
muzzle-loading firearms 2002 114
national reporting 2001 155, 2002 120, 2002 121, 2002 122, 2003 98
305
non-military shotguns 2002 114
pistols and revolvers 2001 147, 2002 114
shotgun shell parts 2010 26
shotgun shells 2010 25
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 24
sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 18, 2009 46
transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 49, 2010 13, 2010 15, 2011
15, 2011 16
to the United States 2004 124
value 2000 2003 103
value 2001 2004 102, 2004 106
value 2002 2005 105
value 2003 2006 72
to Venezuela 2007 81, 2007 107
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 203, 2001 233, 2001 239, 2001 241
illicit transfers from, to Rwanda 2002 132
imports
Comtrade data 2009 12
from Germany 2001 150
list of exporters 2005 103, 2005 104, 2006 70, 2006 71
pistols and revolvers 2009 22
shotgun shell parts 2010 26
shotgun shells 2010 25
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 24
sporting shotguns 2009 19
from the United States 2004 120
value 2000 2003 103
value 2001 2004 111
value 2002 2005 108
value 2003 2006 77
military procurement 2006 13, 2006 30
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 33
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 279
private security companies
armed 2011 112
personnel 2011 106
production
export to the United States 1991–1996 2001 27
global ranking of countries 2001 15, 2001 16
of illicit weapons seized in Brazil 2001 22
licensed 2002 51, 2007 15
light weapons 2008 35
manufacturing sectors 2005 61
most important companies 2002 20, 2002 21
most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 19
most popular small arms in South Africa 2001 21
shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71
306
survey of producers 2001 32, 2001 53, 2002 37–8, 2002 57
stockpiles
civilian holdings 2001 203, 2001 239, 2003 64, 2003 68, 2007 47–8
correlation of registered to unregistered firearms 2007 56
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
insurgents 2002 88, 2002 89, 2003 72
military 2006 48
stolen firearms 2004 63
transportation
customs regulations 2010 57
licensing 2010 53
SPARCS (Soldier Parachute Aerial Reconnaissance Camera System) 2010 31, 2010 33
Special Disarmament Brigades (BED) (Nicaragua) 2002 292–4
Special Operations Forces Combat Assault Rifle 2011 76–7
specialist munitions, UK police 2004 222
specialist production sector 2005 45, 2005 51–3, 2005 63
specialization
processes 2003 20–3
production 2003 9–10
Spergel Model, gang treatment 2010 244
SPG-9 73 mm recoilless gun 2006 283–4
Spike ATGWs 2008 19, 2008 20, 2011 32
production and sales 2008 28–30
SPLA see Sudan People’s Liberation Army
SPLM/A see Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army
sporting firearms
see also hunting weapons
Africa, stockpiles 2003 83
Beretta 2001 32
civilian ownership 2011 285
customs code 2009 10
manufacturing sectors 2005 51, 2005 56
rifles
exports from Brazil to the United States 2007 95–6
transfers 2002 113–14, 2003 105, 2006 68–73, 2006 75–8, 2009 12
shotguns, transfers 2003 105, 2009 12, 2009 14, 2009 17–20
transfers 2002 124, 2002 125, 2003 102–3, 2003 109
2006 2009 8, 2009 28–30, 2009 43–7
Comtrade data 2000–2006 2009 12, 2009 14, 2009 17–20
undocumented 2009 31
types of 2009 43–4
spousal notification, civilian ownership 2002 265
Springfield Armory (United States) 2005 56
squad fire support weapons 2004 31
squatter communities, urban violence 2007 167–9
Sri Lanka
see also Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
307
ammunition
procurement 2010 32
undocumented transfers 2010 27
conflict
child soldiers 2001 229, 2001 230
displaced persons 2001 2002 196
economic effects of conflict 2001 231
trigger effect 2001 204–5
costs of small arms violence 2006 193
disarmament 2009 163
diversion, weapons from China 2008 121
exports
human rights 2004 131
irresponsible transfers from 2007 101
illicit transfers to 2001 176, 2001 182–3
from Cambodian military stockpiles 2002 258
from non-state actors 2002 129
Thailand as a transit country 2002 143
imports 2003 112, 2005 106
classification of 2004 108
irresponsible transfers to 2007 105
value 2001 2004 109
military procurement 2006 30
new wars 2002 175
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 15, 2008 33
policing 2010 319
post-conflict violence 2009 230
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 263, 2007 279
production, manufacturing sectors 2005 47
regional cooperation on small arms 2002 216
stockpiles 2002 101
civilian holdings 2002 80
post-conflict 2004 59
UN Small Arms Conference, terrorism 2002 228
violence 2008 218
SRIC see Security Research and Information Centre
Srpska Garda (Serbian Guard), firearms 2010 122
SSA see sub-Saharan Africa
SSDDRC see South Sudan DDR Commission
SSDF see South Sudan Defence Forces
SSR see security sector reform
SSUDA see South Sudan United Democratic Alliance
stability
global norms 2003 229
weapons collection 2002 286, 2002 287
Yemen 2003 182–3
Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe 2002 252, 2002 260
308
Star (Spain) 2001 32, 2002 37–8
Starburst 2004 82, 2004 84
Starstreak missiles 2004 82, 2004 84, 2004 87, 2011 33
state armed forces
acting as armed groups, West Africa 2006 259
air forces
Georgia 2003 197
stockpiles 2001 74
Algeria, human rights violations 2007 77
armed protection for humanitarian operations 2002 191
Brazil, diversions from 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11
budgets, conflict goods 2002 140–1
Cambodia 2002 296, 2006 130–5
enforcement of humanitarian law 2002 184
Georgia 2003 197
India 2002 100–1
Indonesia, Aceh conflict 2007 78
military doctrines 2006 45–52
procurement 2006 7–30
South Sudan 2007 317
Sudan 2007 320–1
Uganda, diversions from 2007 289–301, 2007 311
state arsenals
see also military stockpiles
disarmament 2009 178–80
diversions from
Brazil 2007 310–11
Uganda 2007 297–8
state collapse 2003 146
peace process disarmament 2003 291
State Factories (Russian Federation) 2001 20
State Military Scientific and Technical Centre (Georgia) 2003 48
state officials, misuse of guns by, Cambodia 2006 130–1
State Scientific and Technical Centre of Artillery and Rifle Arms (Ukraine) 2003 49
state security, provision of 2011 1–2
State Specialized Scientific Association (Fort) (Ukraine) 2003 48–9
state-armed groups 2005 186–7
definitions of armed conflict 2005 231–2
factors in the use of weapons in armed conflict 2005 181
group goals 2005 194, 2005 197
state-led violence, post-conflict 2009 228, 2009 229
state-owned producers 2006 217–19
Argentina 2001 29
Belgium 2001 31
central and eastern Europe 2003 37–9
Chile 2001 30
China 2001 45, 2002 22–3
309
Croatia 2001 37
Egypt 2001 38–9
France 2001 32, 2002 32–3
Greece 2001 38
Hungary 2001 37
India 2001 42
Indonesia 2001 43
licensed production 2001 29
Middle East 2002 17
Myanmar 2001 43
Nigeria 2001 41
Pakistan 2001 43
Poland 2001 37
Russian Federation 2001 33, 2002 24–6
Singapore 2001 44
Spain 2001 32
Switzerland 2001 33
state-to-state transfers
controls, UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239–40
prices 2002 67
US military firearms to foreign governments 2002 86
states
see also governments
demand for small arms 2006 145–6, 2006 147
international law 2002 179
NGOs and control 2002 242–3
norms 2003 220–1
stockpiles 2006 37–60, 2006 46–7
transfers
human rights laws 2002 180
international humanitarian law 2002 180
West African armed groups 2006 248–50, 2006 255
states of emergency, policing 2004 220
status
demand for small arms 2006 149, 2006 150, 2006 152
young men and small arms 2006 301, 2006 302, 2006 303–4, 2006 306, 2006 315
Statute of the International Court of Justice, norms 2003 217–18
Steinhäuser, Robert 2003 57
Stepputat, Finn 2003 305–6
Sterling Armament Company (United Kingdom) 2001 18–19, 2001 20, 2002 39
Sterling SMG 2001 18–19, 2001 20
Steyr-Mannlicher (Austria)
acquisitions 1994 2002 12
ammunition production 2001 15
company profile 2000 2002 30–1
financial indicators 2000 2002 21
licensed production 2002 45
310
manufacturing sectors 2005 57
most popular assault rifles, AUG 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 31
‘Steyrgate’ incident 2008 16
StG-58 rifle 2002 30
Stgw 57 automatic rifle 2006 55
Stgw 90 automatic rifle 2006 55
Stinger missiles 2004 83, 2004 85, 2004 86, 2004 87, 2004 89, 2004 92, 2008 17, 2008 18
diversion to Afghanistan 2008 119, 2008 120, 2008 125
end-use monitoring 2008 144
transfers 2011 33
Stinger Project Group (SPG) 2004 81, 2004 82, 2004 92, 2005 59
STK see Singapore Technologies Kinetics
Sto Ravne (Slovenia) 2003 46
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) 2001 170, 2002 10
Stockholm process 2004 270
stockpile management 2005 29–30, 2005 72–6, 2006 37
ammunition 2009 145–7
armed groups 2006 257, 2010 322–4
Cambodia 2006 119, 2006 134
global norms 2003 231
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 284–5
Madagascar 2011 181
measures 2002 258–61
NATO/EAPC 2001 274
OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2001 275
private security companies 2011 121
transparency 2006 59
UN Programme of Action 2009 140, 2011 57–8
UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 282
US Army 2002 259, 2002 260–1
West Africa 2006 247, 2006 259, 2006 266
stockpile security 2004 54–65, 2004 86–90, 2005 186, 2005 284, 2006 37
ammunition diversions 2007 289–312
brokering 2004 143–4, 2004 145
Cambodia 2006 134
Iraq 2007 81–3
irresponsible transfers 2007 73, 2007 81–6
Kyrgyzstan 2004 314–15
Latin America 2004 52–4
MANPADS 2004 78, 2004 84, 2004 90
measures 2002 258–61
Pacific 2004 277
South African peacekeepers in Burundi 2007 85–6
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239
stockpiles 2001 59–90, 2002 63–104, 2003 57–91, 2003 77–8, 2004 43–75, 2005 71–92
see also civilian firearms; insurgent holdings; military stockpiles; national stockpiles; police
311
stockpiles; stockpile management; stockpile security; surplus weapons
Afghanistan 2003 73–6
Africa 2003 80–6
AK-47 2001 17
al-Qaeda 2003 73–6
Albania and the KLA 2005 218–19
ammunition 2005 11, 2005 17–18, 2005 29–30, 2010 14
diversions 2007 289–312
attrition rates 2001 76–7, 2007 43
availability factors in conflict 2005 185–6
Cambodia 2006 119, 2006 124–5, 2006 134
Central African Republic 2005 310–13
Central America 2003 90
China 2002 94–7, 2003 86
Colombia 2006 219–21
control 2002 236
destruction programmes 2002 73–4
disarmament initiatives 2005 72–6
distribution 2001 65–8, 2001 88, 2002 74–83, 2002 103
diversions from 2008 43–7, 2008 158
to armed groups in South Sudan 2007 320–1
Brazil 2007 289–90, 2007 301–11
Uganda 2007 289–301, 2007 311
effect of legal transfers 2001 141, 2001 159
estimating inventories 2005 76–8
EU Joint Action 1998 2001 271–2
Europe 2003 62–72
Georgia 2003 191–2, 2003 196–205
global estimates 2001 88, 2001 89, 2002 63–4, 2002 73, 2007 39–41
history of research 2007 40–1
India 2002 100–1
Iraq 2004 43, 2004 44–50, 2005 72, 2005 73
Israel 2003 77–8
Kyrgyzstan 2004 312–13
Latin America 2003 87–91, 2003 116, 2004 50–4
lethality, evaluating weapons collection programmes 2002 315
life cycle of small arms 2002 95
liquidity, evaluating weapons collection programmes 2002 314
Macedonia 2003 289
MANPADS 2004 77, 2004 83–4
marking and tracing 2006 107
Middle East 2002 90–4, 2003 77–80
monitoring 2004 255
Nigeria 2005 75
non-state actors 2006 146
Pacific 2003 88–9, 2004 277, 2004 280–5
Pakistan, 2002 update 2002 100–1
312
Palestine 2003 77–8
peace process disarmament 2003 288
post-conflict 2005 275
prices as an indicator 2002 65–70
private security companies 2011 113–16
registration 2004 66–71
Republic of the Congo 2003 255, 2003 258–69
militias 2003 258–69
South Asia 2002 99–102
state 2006 37–60
thefts from state arsenals 2002 137–8
transparency 2003 90
types 2008 44–5
UN Programme of Action 2002 209
West African armed groups 2006 247
Yemen 2002 91–2, 2003 169, 2003 172–7
Stokes mortar 2008 26
storage
ammunition 2005 21, 2005 29–30
civilian firearms 2011 291–3
firearms theft 2004 65
Kyrgyzstan 2004 315
national control of civilian ownership 2002 266
Pacific 2004 277
police firearms 2004 229–30
Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 266–7
stockpile management 2002 259, 2004 43
thefts from 2008 48–51, 2008 53–4
Yemen 2003 185–6
straw purchasing, illegal sales of weapons 2008 62–3, 2008 284–6
street gangs see gangs
stress, urbanization and crime 2007 164
Strike Hard campaigns (China) 2003 86
Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs), Rwanda 2001 207
Sturm, Ruger & Co (United States)
company profile 2000 2002 29
exports 2004 119
financial indicators 2002 21, 2002 28
manufacturing sectors 2005 54, 2005 55
most popular handguns 2001 18
ranked by weapons type 2002 29
survey of producers 2001 26, 2001 27, 2004 13–14
weapons used in crime in the US 2001 24
Sturmgewehr 57 rifles 2007 54
Sturmgewehr 90 rifles 2007 54
sub-licensing 2007 19
sub-machine guns
313
Burundi 2007 204
Colombia 2006 223, 2006 225, 2006 231
military stockpiles 2006 54, 2006 55, 2006 57
most popular small arms 2001 18–19, 2001 20
police firearms 2001 69–70, 2011 75–7
production 2004 27, 2004 30–1, 2005 51
Brazil 2001 29
global 2001 13
licensed 2007 18
most important companies 2003 14–15
smuggling in Europe 2003 71
South America 2006 86
technological developments 2003 22, 2003 24
sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
average number of police officers 2006 42
conflict deaths 2004 175, 2005 253–5, 2005 256, 2005 259
control measures, Bamako Declaration (2000) (OAU) 2002 213–14
crime and violence 2004 192–9
illicit transfers, insurgent demand 2001 83
insurgents and other non-state combatants 2001 79, 2001 83
production 2001 40–2, 2002 11, 2002 12, 2004 9, 2004 10
distribution of producing companies 2002 12, 2003 12, 2003 14
distribution of producing countries 2003 11
licensed 2002 43–8, 2007 23
major producers 2003 14
unlicensed production 2007 23
stockpiles 2003 57, 2003 80–6
civilian holdings, correlation to GDP 2007 57
military 2006 52, 2006 53, 2006 58
sub-state warfare 2001 78
transfers 2003 100, 2003 117–19
subregional co-operation, Southern Africa 2003 245–6
substitution effect 2004 186–90, 2005 271, 2005 272
Australia 2002 268
cost effectiveness of control measures 2006 198
suburbs, definition 2007 169
Sudan
see also Darfur; Southern Sudan
armed groups 2010 95–6
civil war 2010 277–80
coercive disarmament 2009 167
community security mechanisms 2009 233, 2009 238
conflict
armed violence in South Sudan 2007 317–44
child soldiers 2001 230
civil war 2007 326
co-operative conflict 2002 175
314
conflict goods 2002 141, 2002 142
displaced persons 2002 196
militarization of refugee camps 2001 227
percentage of population killed in 2001 210
conflict deaths 2005 252, 2005 253, 2005 258
DDR and weapons destruction 2005 284, 2005 289, 2009 185, 2009 237
destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 101
effects of small arms misuse 2003 138
elections (2010) 2010 294
firearm-related injuries 2002 166
illicit transfers from
to the Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 274, 2006 275, 2006 276, 2006 282–4, 2006
286–7, 2006 289
reporting errors 2006 66
illicit transfers to 2001 173–5, 2004 133
arms embargo on 2007 74
arms embargoes 2002 133
imports
human rights 2004 132, 2004 133
irresponsible transfers to 2007 74, 2007 106
list of exporters 2005 103, 2006 70
value 2001 2004 109
value 2002 2005 106
value 2003 2006 74, 2006 77
machine gun attack (2007) 2008 12
MANPADS
attacks on aircraft 2008 13
destruction programmes 2008 101
mortar attack on Darfur (2007) 2008 27
non-state actors
illicit capture of weapons 2008 55
light weapons holdings 2008 33
non-state armed groups 2010 263
firearms 2010 122
oil fields 2010 295–6
post-conflict outcome 2009 227
prices
black-market prices for AK47 rifle 2002 66
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 279
production
ammunition 2002 18–19
global ranking of countries 2001 16
survey of producers 2001 53, 2002 16, 2002 19, 2002 57
stockpiles 2003 81
civilian holdings 2005 90
national registration data 2007 50
military 2005 88
315
police 2005 89
support for non-state actors 2002 130
transfers to Central African Republic 2005 317
tribal conflict 2010 285–8
Sudan Armed Forces (SAF)
areas of operations 2007 322
armed violence in South Sudan 2007 319
Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) 2007 331
DDR 2007 332
Other Armed Groups 2007 320, 2007 321–4, 2007 326, 2007 337, 2007 342–4
Southern Sudan 2010 278
Sudan Liberation Movement-Unity (SLM-Unity), weapon-related commitments 2010 317
Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) 2006 275, 2006 282, 2010 291–2
co-operative conflict 2002 175
ethnic divisions 2010 278–80
firearms 2010 122
guided light weapons holdings 2008 33
illicit transfers to 2001 174–5
membership 2010 121
personal forces/’private armies’ 2010 292
relations with state 2010 117
women members 2010 195
Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A)
areas of operations 2007 322
armed violence in South Sudan 2007 317
Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) 2007 318–20, 2007 331–3
disarming civilians in Jonglei State 2007 333–6
explosions at arms depots 2010 322
humanitarian commitments 2010 311
Juba Declaration on Unity and Integration (2006) 2007 319
Khartoum-aligned militias 2007 321–2
local security arrangements 2007 336, 2007 338
Other Armed Groups 2007 320, 2007 324–6, 2007 340–2
Ugandan support for 2007 299
weapon-related commitments 2010 318
Sudanese Liberation Army, covert transfers to 2007 92
Suez Canal, Yemen 2003 175
Suhler Jagd-und Sportwaffen (Germany) 2002 12, 2002 30–1
suicide see firearm suicides
suicide bombers, women 2010 195
suicide bombings 2003 77–8
Yemen 2003 170
Al-Sunna Wal Jamma (Nigeria) 2006 249
Sunni Awakening Councils (Iraq) 2009 233, 2009 236
supply
intrinsic costs 2007 267–9
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 257, 2007 262–9, 2007 271
316
surface-to-air missiles see man-portable air defence systems
Suriname 2006 83
exports, human rights 2004 130
illicit transfers from
to Brazil 2007 306
to Colombia 2001 187–8
surplus weapons 2008 84
surplus disposal, UN Programme of Action 2011 57–8
surplus weapons 2004 56–60
ammunition, UN General Assembly First committee 2007 126
Belarus 2008 79
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2001 177
Cambodia, flow to other countries 2002 99
control measures 2002 260
OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 212
stockpile management 2002 258
definition 2008 81–3
disposal choices 2008 78–81
estimating 2008 83–5
EU Joint Action 1998 2001 271–2
Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 263
illicit transfers of
arms brokers 2001 97–8
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2001 177
international transfers 2009 9, 2009 68–9
Kaliningrad 2008 79
military procurement 2006 7–8, 2006 19, 2006 25–6
military stockpiles 2006 39, 2006 53, 2006 59, 2006 60
police stockpiles 2006 43
reserve exaggeration 2008 85–6
and security sector reform (SSR) 2008 104–5
Serbia 2008 80
sold to civilians in the United States 2003 61
South America 2008 84–5
Soviet Union, transfers to Georgia 2003 198–9
transfer 2008 79, 2008 81
transfer of military firearms to civilian ownership 2007 61
Yemen 2003 172–7
survey questionnaires, violence risk factors 2008 249
sustainable development 2003 127, 2003 128
sustainable disarmament 2003 309–13
Swarovski Optik 2005 58
Swaziland
air cargo companies 2001 114, 2001 115
carjackings 2007 172
exports, value 2001 148
firearm violence and crime 2004 193
317
firearms ownership 2007 172
imports, customs data 2001 157
Sweden
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 12
border seizures 2005 114, 2005 115, 2005 116
brokering 2004 156, 2004 158, 2004 159, 2004 160, 2004 161
controls 2002 255, 2002 256
control measures
brokering 2002 255, 2002 256
civilian ownership 2002 264
end-user certification 2008 175
export controls 2009 67, 2009 68
enforcement 2009 86
exceptions 2009 78–9
licensing authorities 2009 87, 2009 90
licensing systems 2009 72, 2009 75
re-export provisions 2009 83
transfer criteria 2009 94, 2009 95
exports
ammunition 2009 15, 2009 16
annual value 2001 148
average annual value 2001 147
control and accountability 2002 248
end-use assurances 2002 249
human rights 2004 130, 2004 132
irresponsible transfers from 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007 105, 2007 106
list of importers 2005 107, 2005 108, 2006 75, 2006 76, 2006 77
military small arms and light weapons 2009 23
national reporting 2001 151, 2002 120, 2002 121, 2003 98
share of total arms exports 2001 144
transparency 2004 117, 2005 110, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 49, 2010 15,
2011 15, 2011 16
to the United States 2004 124
value 2000 2003 103
value 2001 2004 106
value 2002 2005 105
value 2003 2006 72
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 209, 2001 233, 2001 240, 2001 241
imports
list of exporters 2005 103, 2005 104, 2006 70, 2006 71
value 2000 2003 103
value 2001 2004 111
value 2002 2005 108
value 2003 2006 77
military procurement 2006 18
Next-generation Light Anti-tank Weapon (NLAW) 2008 26
policing 2004 221
318
private security companies
armed 2011 112
personnel 2011 106
regulation 2011 157
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2002 45, 2002 51, 2007 15, 2007 18, 2007 21
light weapons 2008 35
MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82, 2007 21
manufacturing sectors 2005 61
most important companies 2003 15
most popular small arms 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 53, 2002 57
stockpiles
civilian holdings 2003 64, 2003 70, 2005 80, 2007 47–8
correlation of registered to unregistered firearms 2007 56
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
distribution of firearms 2001 67
MANPADS 2004 84
military 2001 73, 2006 44, 2006 45, 2006 51
stolen firearms 2004 63
transportation, customs regulations 2010 57
Swiss Ammunition Enterprise (Switzerland) 2001 32–3, 2002 21, 2002 39
Swiss Ordnance Enterprise (Switzerland) 2001 33, 2002 39
Switzerland
ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 12
brokering 2004 153, 2004 154, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 160, 2004 161
controls 2001 107, 2002 255, 2002 256
civilian firearms
carrying in public 2011 293
licences 2011 280
prohibited and restricted 2011 271
registration 2011 273
storage requirements 2011 291–2
use regulation 2011 285
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 278
control measures
brokering 2001 107, 2002 255, 2002 256
civilian ownership 2002 264, 2002 265, 2002 266
Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development (2006) 2007 127
OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 211
tracing initiatives 2002 226, 2006 96, 2006 97
UN Programme of Action 2002 226
destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 97
diversion of arms to Iraq 2008 122
export controls 2009 67
enforcement 2009 86
319
exceptions 2009 79
licensing authorities 2009 90
licensing systems 2009 72, 2009 75
pre-licensing requirements 2009 76
re-export provisions 2009 83–4
transfer criteria 2009 91, 2009 94, 2009 95
exports
ammunition 2006 67, 2009 14, 2009 15
annual value 2001 148
classification of 2004 107
Comtrade data 2009 12
end-use assurances 2002 249
human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 131, 2004 132, 2004 133
irresponsible transfers from 2007 99, 2007 100, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007 104, 2007
105, 2007 106
list of importers 2005 106, 2005 107, 2005 108, 2005 109, 2006 75, 2006 76, 2006 77,
2006 78
military firearms 2001 147, 2002 115, 2002 116, 2009 35
military small arms and light weapons 2009 23
muzzle-loading firearms 2002 114
national reporting 2002 120, 2002 121
pistols and revolvers 2001 146, 2001 147, 2002 114
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 24
transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 8, 2009 49, 2010 8, 2010
13, 2010 15, 2011 15, 2011 16
trends 2000 2003 108, 2003 111
value 2001 2004 106
value 2003 2006 73
firearm homicides and suicides
1998 2001 240
and civilian ownership 1999 2001 203, 2001 239
human development indicators 2001 233, 2001 241
illicit transfers from 2001 177
imports
ammunition 2009 16, 2009 17
Comtrade data 2001 156
from Germany 2001 150
list of exporters 2005 102, 2005 103, 2005 104, 2006 68, 2006 70, 2006 71, 2006 73
military firearms 2002 116
pistols and revolvers 2002 114
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 24
trends 2000 2003 111
value 1994–1998 2001 157
value 2001 2004 101, 2004 111
value 2002 2005 108
value 2003 2006 77
military procurement 2006 13, 2006 29
320
policing, crowd control 2011 92
private security companies
armed 2011 112
firearm stockpiles 2011 113
personnel 2011 106
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2002 51, 2007 15
light weapons 2008 35
MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82
manufacturing sectors 2005 61
most important companies 2002 20, 2002 21, 2003 15
most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 20
RPG-7 2004 36
survey of producers 2001 32–3, 2001 53, 2002 38–9, 2002 57
small arms per person 2008 87, 2008 88
stockpiles
civilian holdings 2001 203, 2001 239, 2002 79, 2003 65, 2007 47–8, 2007 53, 2007
54–5
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
distribution of firearms 2001 66
military 2002 78, 2004 46, 2006 43, 2006 44, 2006 51, 2006 53
surplus weapons 2008 89
Third Biennial Meeting of States (BMS3) 2009 137
transportation, licensing 2010 53
Zug massacre 2002 266
Swords for Ploughshares (Mozambique) 2002 294
Sydney (Australia), thefts of M-72 LAW rocket launchers 2008 49, 2008 51
symbolism
trigger effect 2001 205
young men and small arms 2006 302–10, 2006 314–16
Syngenta, Brazil 2011 150
Syria
illicit transfers from
to Lebanon 2007 91–2, 2009 322
to Somalia 2007 94
imports, MANPADS 2004 93
non-state actors, illicit transfers to Palestinian groups 2002 131
Palestinian groups, reserve stockpiles 2001 80
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 279
production
ammunition 2002 19
global ranking of countries 2001 16
survey of producers 2001 53, 2002 16, 2002 19, 2002 57
stockpiles 2004 48
military 2005 86, 2005 88
police 2005 89
321
support for non-state actors 2001 80, 2002 130, 2002 131
System for Central American Integration (SICA) 2001 257
System of Security Information Exchange (SISME) (MERCOSUR) 2001 258
Taban Deng Gai 2010 292
Tabuk rifle 2002 18
tactical rifles 2005 51
tactical weapon systems 2005 49, 2005 50, 2005 51
tailored production 2003 9
Taiwan
exports
irresponsible transfers from 2007 101, 2007 104
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 24
transparency 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17, 2011 19
imports
customs data 2002 126
list of exporters 2005 105
from United States 2001 154, 2002 86
value 2001 2004 111
value 2002 2005 106
military procurement 2006 13, 2006 30
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2002 45
light weapons 2008 35
manufacturing sectors 2005 49, 2005 58, 2005 61
most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 53, 2002 57
stockpiles 2005 84, 2005 85
military 2006 57
transfers, undocumented 2009 31
Tajikistan
ammunition availability 2005 18
arms sourcing to conflict 2005 160, 2005 169–71, 2005 172
destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 101
disarmament, peace agreements 2003 283
gun culture 2005 213–14
Kyrgyzstan 2004 309, 2004 310, 2004 320, 2004 322–4
post-conflict outcome 2009 227
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 263, 2007 279
Taliban
armed violence 2010 85
conflict goods 2002 142
explosions at arms depots 2010 322
firearms 2010 122, 2010 123
guided light weapons holdings 2008 32
history of 2009 285, 2009 287–9
322
imports, human rights 2003 112, 2004 128, 2004 132
Kyrgyzstan 2004 310
MANPADS 2004 92
membership 2010 121
reconciliation 2009 308–9
state sponsorship 2010 117
stockpiles 2002 102, 2003 73–6
transfers to non-state actors 2007 135
violence by 2008 232
weapon-related commitments 2010 318
Tamil Tigers see Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
Tamils 2004 37, 2004 59, 2004 89
Tang-Ginya, Gabriel 2007 319, 2007 324, 2010 289–90
Tanzania
Burundian refugees 2007 200
carjackings 2007 172
disarmament 2009 163
exports, irresponsible transfers to Uganda 2007 106
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 233, 2001 241
firearm violence and crime 2004 193
illicit transfers from, to Rwanda 2002 132
Nairobi Declaration (2000) 2002 263
policing 2007 184
prices
AK-47s 2003 86
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 279
private security companies
illicit arms possession 2011 119
public perception 2011 106
production 2001 16, 2001 53, 2002 57, 2005 14
ammunition 2006 258
licensed 2007 19
refugee camps 2005 273
stockpiles 2003 83–6
Tanzin groups (Palestinian Territories) 2002 131
Taos Industries (United States) 2007 82, 2007 84–5
target practice, civilian firearms 2011 285
target rifles 2005 51
target shooting, national control of civilian ownership 2002 264
TASERs 2011 85, 2011 89–92
Tasko Corporation (Ukraine) 2003 49
Tasmania (Australia)
civilian firearms
licences 2011 282
prohibited and restricted 2011 269
user regulation 2011 276
tattoos, gang members 2010 69, 2010 241
323
Taurus (Brazil)
manufacturing sectors 2005 54, 2005 55
weapons seized in Brazil 2001 23
weapons used in crime in the US 2001 23
Tavor assault rifle 2001 39, 2002 35, 2003 112
tax havens
air cargo companies 2001 113
brokers 2001 101, 2001 104–5, 2001 126
illicit brokering 2004 144
taxation, effects of small arms misuse 2003 144
Taylor, Charles 2006 256, 2009 108
conflict goods 2002 141, 2002 142
conflict sourcing 2005 167–9
disarmament 2003 297
illicit transfers to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 120–3, 2001 171
LURD 2005 182–3
NPFL 2005 193
UN sanctions on Liberia 2004 269
weapons collection and destruction 2002 289
TCI see Transfer Controls Initiative
teargas launchers 2005 53
Technicni Zavod (Slovenia) 2003 46
technology 2003 20–5
ammunition 2011 25, 2011 75–6
handguns 2011 77–8
less-lethal weapons 2011 5, 2011 80–6
licensed and unlicensed military production 2007 7–32
police weapons 2011 4–5, 2011 69–94
production developments 2003 9–10
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 241
Technopol (Slovakia) 2003 43
Temex 2003 119, 2004 144, 2009 108
Tenders Electronic Daily (TED) database 2010 12
Tentara Nasional Acheh (TNA) 2006 253
terminal ballistics 2005 23
terrorism
see also September 11, 2001; War on Terror
Algeria 2007 77
Container Security Initiative 2003 107
definitions of small arms 2003 59–60
demand for small arms 2006 146–8
human development and security 2003 150–1
illicit transfers to terrorists
from North Africa 1999 2001 170–1
from Saudi Arabia 2004 102
International Tracing Instrument 2006 105
MANPADS 2004 77, 2004 78, 2004 89, 2004 90, 2004 92–3
324
Moldovan exports 2003 109–10
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 182
policing 2004 220
RPG-7 2004 36–7
Somalia 2007 92–4
stockpiles 2003 57
Europe 2003 72
insurgent stockpiles 2002 81
transfers to non-state actors 2007 132–3, 2007 135
UN Small Arms Conference 2002 228
United States 2004 66
Yemen 2003 170–1
terrorist groups, definition 2010 88
Texas Syndicate gang 2010 161
Texas (United States)
civilian firearms
prohibited and restricted 2011 273
self-defence use 2011 289
storage requirements 2011 292
transfer regulation 2011 284
user regulation 2011 277, 2011 279, 2011 280
Thai Interarms 2001 44
Thailand
armed groups 2006 253
black market, 2002 update 2002 109
community defence forces 2010 267
exports
human rights 2004 130
irresponsible transfers from 2007 102, 2007 104
military firearms 2009 33, 2009 35
military small arms and light weapons 2009 24
transparency 2002 117, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 15, 2011 17
value 2001 148
illicit transfers from
to the LTTE in Sri Lanka 2001 182–3
to Myanmar insurgents 2004 131
to non-state actors 2002 129
transit countries 2002 142–3
illicit transfers to 2004 56
MANPADS 2004 89, 2004 93
imports
customs data 2002 126
disturbing transfers 2001 155
from Germany 2001 150
list of exporters 2006 72
military firearms 2002 116
pistols and revolvers 2002 114, 2009 22
325
transparency 2002 117
from the United States 2001 153, 2001 154, 2004 120, 2004 121
value 2001 2004 111
value 2002 2005 106
value 2003 2006 74, 2006 78
military procurement 2006 20, 2006 30
policing 2004 232
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 263, 2007 279
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
illicit 2001 46
licensed 2002 51, 2007 15
light weapons 2008 35
most popular small arms 2001 20
RPG-7 2004 36
survey of producers 2001 44, 2001 53, 2002 57
stockpiles
civilian holdings 2007 47–8
correlation of registered to unregistered firearms 2007 56
security 2004 55
thefts from state arsenals, 2001 2002 137
violence and crime 2004 71
young men and small arms 2006 297
Thales 2005 59, 2005 61
Thalmann, Ambassador Anton 2006 98–9
theft
see also crime
by military personnel 2008 48–9, 2008 51
of civilian weapons 2008 62–3, 2008 187–8
diversions to illicit trade 2002 129
of firearms 2004 43, 2004 54–6, 2004 60–5, 2004 66, 2004 185
South Africa 2009 176
from police stockpiles, Georgia 2003 196
from state stockpiles 2002 137–8, 2006 38–9, 2006 65, 2008 48–51
Albania 2001 176–7, 2001 200–1
Argentina 2001 184–5
Colombia 2006 222
Kazakhstan 2001 179
Papua New Guinea 2006 184
Philippines 2001 183
Russian Federation 2001 178
stockpile management and security 2002 258
US Army 2002 260–1
from UN troops, RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 172–3
using firearms, Cambodia 2006 127–30
thermobaric warheads 2004 36
third-country brokering 2001 104, 2001 124–5
326
third-party brokering 2004 144, 2004 148, 2004 155–6, 2004 162, 2004 163–4
Thomet, licensed production 2002 51
Thomson-CSF (France), acquisitions 1999 2002 12
Tigers (Serbia), firearms 2010 122
Tillessen, Peter 2005 156
timber
Cambodia 2006 121–2, 2006 133
conflict goods 2002 142
Liberia, conflict goods 2002 141
Madagascar 2011 185
time-to-crime studies, stolen firearms 2004 60
Timor-Leste see East Timor
tipping points, norms 2003 222
TNA see Tentara Nasional Acheh
Todosa 2007 337
Togo
disarmament 2009 163
illicit transfers from, to UNITA in Angola 2001 173, 2002 132, 2002 134, 2005 192
imports 2004 114
military procurement 2006 13
post-conflict outcome 2009 227
stockpiles, military 2002 81, 2002 82, 2003 83, 2005 77, 2006 44, 2006 51, 2006 53
Tokarev pistol 2004 28, 2004 34
Burundi 2007 204
Tokyo (Japan)
global cities 2007 163
urban violence 2007 175
Tonga
gun control measures 2004 302, 2004 303
imports
from the United States 2004 280
value 2000 2004 281
stockpiles 2003 89
civilian ownership 2004 283
state 2004 284
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
Tonton Macoute (Haiti) 2011 231
Tools for Arms Project (TAE) (Mozambique) 2002 243, 2002 294
Toposa 2007 337–8
Toronto (Canada), homicide rate 2007 165
Torres Strait 2004 286
Torsson, Palle 2005 146
tourism
Brazil 2007 242
Central African Republic 2005 322–3
Fiji Islands 2004 290–2
TOW missiles see tube-launched, optically-tracked wire-guided weapon system
327
Townsville Peace Agreement (TPA) (Solomon Islands) 2003 302–3
toys, violence-reduction programmes, Argentina 2002 309
TOZ see Tulsky Oruzheiny Zavod
TPA see Townsville Peace Agreement
tracing 2004 256
see also International Tracing Instrument; marking
ammunition 2005 25–9, 2005 31, 2009 117
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 124
diversions 2007 289–311
markings 2007 291–2
conflict tracing 2009 109–22
control measures 2002 243–8, 2002 271–2
cooperation 2009 109, 2009 121–2
crime gun tracing 2009 121
definition 2009 108–9
diverted weapons 2009 108
inventory management 2002 261
lot-marking 2007 303
marking of weapons 2009 109
national control of civilian ownership 2002 265
norms 2003 231
OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 212
post-conflict 2009 122–8
record-keeping 2009 109, 2009 120–1, 2009 130
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238–9, 2002 240–1
UN Programme of Action 2002 226, 2002 229, 2011 56–7
UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 282, 2002 246–7
uses of 2009 107
weapons identification 2009 110–20, 2009 130
weapons tracing 2009 120–2
trade
conflict trade 2002 139–41, 2002 175
effects of small arms misuse on 2003 142–3
global trends 2000–2006 2009 11–25
light weapons 2011 22–35
prices of Kalashnikov rifles 2007 257–72
trade unions, urban armed violence 2007 178
trade in weapons see illicit transfers; transfers
traditional law
disarmament 2003 312
South Sudan 2007 336–9
Yemen 2003 169–70, 2003 181–5
traditional power structures, young men and small arms 2006 305
trafficking
see also smuggling
arms sourcing to conflicts 2005 159–73
by air, control measures 2010 44–9
328
Central African Republic 2005 313–20
Colombia 2005 163
disarmament 2003 310–11
prosecution of 2008 134–6
Southern Africa 2003 238
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 237–41
war on terror 2003 61–2
training
international transfers 2009 9
MANPADS 2004 85, 2004 89, 2004 94
policing 2004 224–7
private security companies 2011 123–4, 2011 146
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 241
Trans Air Cargo 2001 118–19
trans-shipment points, Netherlands 2001 151
Transcaucasian Military District 2003 193
Transdniester
ammunition, stockpiles 2008 91, 2008 93
production, light weapons 2008 15
Transfer Controls Initiative (TCI) (2003) 2007 129–30
transfers 2001 141–59, 2002 109–46, 2003 97–120, 2004 99–139
see also export controls; exports; illicit transfers; imports
2000–2006 Comtrade data 2009 11–25
2005 update 2005 97–117
2006 analysis 2009 32–47
2006 data comparisons 2009 28–30
2006 update 2006 65–88
2008 Comtrade data 2011 11
actors 2010 42–4
Africa 2003 117–19
ammunition 2009 146
estimated values 2010 17–20
global trade 2010 7–35
transparency 2010 10–13
undocumented 2010 18, 2010 27
armed groups 2010 324–5
authorized vs unauthorized 2002 111
Canada 2003 107–8
Central African Republic 2005 313–20
Central Asia 2003 111–12
chain of 2008 122–4, 2008 157
chain of possibilities 2002 110
classification of 2001 142, 2002 111
Colombia 2006 216
to conflict zones 2005 159–73
control measures 2008 159–60
see also end-user certification; export controls
329
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 122–4
ASEAN initiatives 2001 267–8
costs and difficulty of implementation 2008 145
flowchart 2008 144
global 2007 117–38
Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 263–5
in-transit and point-of-delivery controls 2008 131–3
international 2007 128–37
international humanitarian law 2007 132
international law 2007 130–7
irresponsible transfers 2007 73
licensed production 2007 26–31
MERCOSUR 2001 258
multilateral measures 2008 160–1
national systems 2008 162–3
post-delivery controls 2008 133–6, 2008 155–6, 2008 173–4
pre-shipment controls 2008 127–31, 2008 163
priorities 2008 173–4
prospects for 2008 142–5
Southern Africa 2001 261–2
UN Programme of Action 2007 130–7
UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 282, 2002 203
covert 2007 90–4
definitions 2002 111, 2009 64
disturbing transfers 2001 155–6
diversion 2008 113–14, 2008 145–6
end-use assurances 2002 248–52
European Union 2001 269–71, 2003 103–5
global norms 2003 224–5, 2003 233
global trade 2004 100–14
human rights 2002 180, 2004 125–33
illicit brokering 2004 141–66
India 2001 156–7
intentional vs unintentional 2002 111
international 2003 97–120
types of 2009 9
international humanitarian law 2002 180
International Tracing Instrument 2006 105
Iraq 2004 44
irresponsible 2007 73–107
Kyrgyzstan 2004 321–2
Latin America and the Caribbean 418, 2003 114–17, 2004 50
legal transfer process 2010 43, 2010 44
legal vs illicit 2002 111
legality spectrum 2001 167
licensing 2008 157, 2008 158–9, 2008 162, 2008 173–4
life cycle of small arms 2002 95
330
light weapons 2011 4, 2011 9–35
links between legal and illicit transfers 2002 128–39, 2002 206
MANPADS 2004 77, 2004 83, 2004 87–9, 2004 92–4, 2005 127–8, 2005 130–7
marking 2002 244–8
Mexico 2003 108, 2004 52
military firearms
2002 update 2002 115–17
transferred to civilian ownership 2007 60–1
monitoring 2004 5, 2004 249–71
national export reporting 2002 117–23
national regulation 2002 254–5
non-EU European countries 2003 108–11
to non-state actors
international law 2007 132–5
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239–40
UN Programme of Action 2002 219–20
non-transfer clauses 2002 250
Pacific 2004 280–5, 2004 303
to peacekeeping forces 2009 37–9
prices 2002 65
reporting of 2009 26–8, 2009 52–3
Republic of the Congo 2003 261–2, 2003 263, 2003 270–2
satellite tracking 2008 132
scope 2001 144–58
second-hand equipment, prices 2002 65–7
share of global arms trade 2001 144–5
South Asia 2003 111–13
state-to-state 2002 239–40, 2008 166
sub-Saharan Africa 2003 117–19
supply-side controls and human rights 2001 223
surplus military stocks 2006 7–8, 2006 19, 2006 25–6
surplus weapons 2008 79, 2008 81
transparency 2004 114–18, 2006 78–81, 2007 86–97, 2008 136–7, 2011 12–19
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238–9, 2002 238–41
undocumented 2009 7–8, 2009 31, 2009 43
ammunition 2010 18, 2010 27
United States 2003 105–8, 2004 11
unofficial information 2001 158
West African armed groups 2006 256
West African Moratorium 2001 260
Yemen 2003 172–7
transit, definition 2009 64
transit countries
black market 2002 141–5
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239
transit licenses
brokers and transport agents 2001 124
331
Inter-American Convention 2001 253
national control systems 2001 125
transit trade
Cyprus 2004 108, 2005 106
Europe 2003 104–5
transitional autonomy, post-conflict security 2009 233, 2009 236
Transitional Federal Government (TFG) (Somalia), guided light weapons holdings 2008 33
Transitional National Government (TNG) (Somalia), guided light weapons holdings 2008 33
transitional security forces, post-conflict security 2009 233, 2009 236
transnational criminals 2001 221
transparency
see also Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer
ammunition
national reporting 2005 25
transfers 2010 8, 2010 10–13
brokers 2001 97, 2001 98, 2001 101, 2001 106–7, 2001 126, 2001 127, 2002 253
China 2002 94–5
Colombia 2006 219
EU Code of Conduct 2001 270–1
export controls 2008 136–7
goals 2001 2–3
grey market 2001 101, 2001 166
insurgent firearms 2001 78
irresponsible transfers 2007 86–97
light weapons transfers 2011 12–14, 2011 35
marking 2002 240–1, 2002 244
monitoring 2004 252, 2004 253–4
NATO/EAPC 2001 274
OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2001 275–6
production, ammunition 2005 13
Southern Africa 2001 261–2
stockpiles 2001 59, 2001 60–5, 2003 90, 2005 72, 2005 79, 2005 84–6, 2005 91–2
military 2001 72–3, 2002 244, 2006 37, 2006 45, 2006 58–60
police 2001 68, 2006 39
transfers 2002 112, 2004 114–18
national reporting 1994–1998 2001 148, 2001 159
national reporting 1999 2002 117–23
national reporting 2000 2003 98
national reporting 2001 2004 114–18
national reporting 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 99–100, 2005 109–13
national reporting 2003 2006 65, 2006 66, 2006 67, 2006 68, 2006 74, 2006 78–82
scope of legal transfers 2001 142
value 2002 2005 101
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 240–1
UN Programme of Action 2002 222–3
United States 2001 152–4, 2004 12
transport
332
of ammunition 2005 26
by sea 2002 144
conflict use 2005 185
costs 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 269
illicit brokering 2004 144–7
of light weapons 2008 9–10
weapons collection programmes, safety 2002 312
transport agents 2001 99, 2001 110–23
alleged arms embargo violations, 2001 2002 134
Angola and UNITA 2001 116–19
by sea 2002 144
chain of accountability 2001 106
definition 2001 98, 2010 43–4
distinction from brokers 2001 129
illicit arms brokering 2001 96
illicit transfers to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 172
national control systems 2001 125
tax havens 2001 104
Thailand as a transit country 2002 143
transportation
civil aviation regulations 2010 59–62
control measures 2010 44–9
criminalization 2010 54
customs laws
international 2010 54–5
national 2010 55–8
licensing systems 2010 50–3
methods 2010 44
record-keeping 2010 53
regulations
international 2010 49–50
national 2010 50–4
safety and security measures 2010 53–4, 2010 61–2
treaties, norms 2003 216–17
Treaty on Conventional Forces in Europe (1993) 2001 73, 2004 58
trends
African stockpiles 2003 85–6
global trade 2000–2006 2009 11–25
intra-state conflicts 2001 78
military procurement 2006 22–4
production 2001 11–12, 2003 13–15, 2003 16
technology 2003 20–3
transfers 2003 98–119
transparency 2006 78–80
violence in Papua New Guinea 2006 168–9
trials and sampling, international transfers 2009 9
tribal confederations, Yemen 2003 181–3
333
tribal conflict
demand for small arms 2006 152–3
Pakistan 2003 32–3
Papua New Guinea 2006 166, 2006 168, 2006 172–4
South Africa 2003 31
Southern Sudan 2010 285–8
Yemen 2003 181–4, 2003 183–5
tribes
disarmament 2003 312
Pakistan, weapons collection 2002 296–7
South Sudan 2007 336–9
Yemen 2003 169–70, 2003 177, 2003 178–87
trigger effect, accessibility thesis 2001 204–5
Trinidad and Tobago
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 233, 2001 241
gang violence 2010 129, 2010 141
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
private security companies, personnel 2011 106
Trinitarian Warfare doctrine, military stockpiles 2006 45, 2006 46–7, 2006 53
Triple Canopy 2011 125
truncheons 2004 107–8
truth commissions, disarmament 2003 311
Tsiranana, Philibert 2011 170, 2011 171–2, 2011 173
Tskhinvali (South Ossetia) 2003 193–4
tsunami (2004), Aceh 2009 253, 2009 271–5
Tuareg
Mali
stockpiles 2003 82
weapons collection 2002 288
tube-launched, optically-tracked wire-guided weapon system (TOW) missiles 2011 30, 2011
31, 2011 32
Tula Arms Plant, exports, data on 2002 123
Tulsky Oruzheiny Zavod (TOZ) (Russian Federation) 2004 14, 2004 15, 2004 122, 2005 57
company profile 2000 2002 25–6
financial indicators 2003 19
survey of producers 2001 33
Tunisia
imports 2006 70
production 2002 19
stockpiles 2005 88, 2005 89
civilian holdings, national registration data 2007 50
Turkana 2007 337
Turkey
child victimization 2008 247
civilian firearms
licences 2011 280
prohibited and restricted 2011 271
334
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 277
disarmament 2009 163
export controls
licensing authorities 2009 90
licensing systems 2009 72, 2009 75
transfer criteria 2009 94
exports
annual value 2001 148
Comtrade data 2009 12
human rights 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132
irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007 104, 2007 105, 2007
106, 2007 107
list of importers 2005 107, 2006 75, 2006 76
military firearms 2002 116
non-military shotguns 2002 114
shotgun shell parts 2010 26
shotgun shells 2010 25
sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 18, 2009 45
transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17
value 2001 2004 106
value 2002 2005 105
value 2003 2006 73
illicit transfers from
to Azerbaijan 2001 180
to Chechnya 2004 132
to the Kurds 2001 176
to Nagorno-Karabakh 2002 133
imports
1994–1998 2001 156, 2001 157
irresponsible transfers to 2007 106
list of exporters 2005 103, 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 70
military firearms 2002 116
military small arms and light weapons 2009 25
pistols and revolvers 2002 114
shotgun shell parts 2010 26
shotgun shells 2010 25
from the United States 2000 2001 154, 2003 106
value 2001 2004 101, 2004 111
value 2002 2005 108
value 2003 2006 78
insurgents and other non-state combatants 2001 79
foreign government support for 2002 130
Islamic militants 2003 79
military procurement 2006 11, 2006 16, 2006 27, 2006 30
non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 33
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 280
private security companies
335
armed 2011 112, 2011 115, 2011 116, 2011 117
personnel 2011 106
pro-government armed groups 2010 261
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
illicit craft production 2003 31–2
licensed 2002 50–1, 2002 51, 2007 11, 2007 12, 2007 15, 2007 21, 2007 27
light weapons 2008 35
MANPADS 2004 81
manufacturing sectors 2005 56, 2005 61
most popular small arms 2001 19, 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 39–40, 2001 53, 2002 16, 2002 17, 2002 19–20, 2002 57
stockpiles 2003 79
civilian holdings 2005 90, 2005 91, 2007 47–8, 2007 59
correlation of registered to unregistered firearms 2007 56
correlation to GDP 2007 58
illicit craft production 2003 31–2
military 2005 86, 2005 88, 2006 57
police 2005 89
Turkmenistan 2004 311
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 280
Turks and Caicos, tax havens and brokers 2001 105
turn-in campaigns, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181
turn-key projects 2007 10
Tutsis, Burundi 2007 199–203, 2007 207, 2007 221
Tuvalu
civilian ownership 2004 283
control measures 2004 302, 2004 303
stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284
Type 56 assault rifle 2001 63, 2006 283
Burundi, disarmament 2007 204
identifying marks 2009 111–12
Type 63 automatic rifle 2006 55
Type 65 assault rifle 2001 63
Type 68 assault rifle 2001 63
Type 68 pistol, serial numbers 2009 116
Type 69 rocket launcher, serial numbers 2009 116
Type 81/RPK light machine gun 2006 283
Type CQ assault rifle, licensed production 2007 19
UAE see United Arab Emirates
UAZ-3151 vehicle, for light weapons transport 2008 9–10
UCDP see Uppsala Conflict Data Program
UCPMB see Liberation Army of Presevo, Medvedija, and Bujanovac
Uganda
ammunition 2005 20
diversion 2008 51
336
diversions of 2007 289–301
cattle rustling, weapons collection 2002 291
children
child soldiers 2009 197
health 2009 206
‘night commuters’ 2009 202
post-conflict reintegration 2009 210–11
civilian firearms
licences 2011 281, 2011 282
prohibited and restricted 2011 271
storage requirements 2011 293
transfer regulation 2011 283
use regulation 2011 285, 2011 286
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 277, 2011 279
civilian firearms ownership 2007 172
community defence forces 2010 267
conflict
armed violence in South Sudan 2007 317
child soldiers 2001 230, 2003 146
internally displaced persons 2001 224, 2001 225
militarization of refugee camps 2005 273
percentage of population killed in 2001 210
conflict deaths 2005 248, 2005 249
costs of gun violence 2003 134–5
crime, carjackings 2007 172
DDR and weapons reduction 2003 279, 2005 290, 2009 185
destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 97
disarmament 2009 163, 2009 167
diversion, of sub-machine guns to Liberia 2008 115, 2008 116, 2008 117, 2008 121
effects of small arms misuse 2003 132, 2003 146
exports, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108, 2004 130
firearm violence and crime 2004 193
firearm-related injuries 2002 166
group goals 2005 196
illicit transfers from
air cargo companies 2001 121
to the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2004 130
to Liberia 2002 132
to Rwanda 2002 132
to Somalia 2007 94
to Sudan 2007 325
to Sudanese rebels 2001 174, 2004 133
to UNITA in Angola 2002 132
imports
irresponsible transfers to 2007 106–7
from Romania 2003 110
value 2001 2004 109
337
Labora farm experiment 2009 233, 2009 236
Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 273–89, 2009 197, 2009 211
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 185
non-state actors
ammunition diversions to 2007 289–301
capture of weapons 2008 54
light weapons holdings 2008 33
post-conflict crime 2005 274
prices
black-market prices for AK47 rifle 2002 66
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 280
private security companies, public perception 2011 106
production 2001 16, 2001 53, 2002 57
ammunition 2007 293–5, 2007 296–7
stockpiles 2003 83–6, 2004 56
military 2006 38
Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA) 2006 274–5
Uganda National Rescue Front (UNRF) 2005 198, 2006 282
Uganda National Rescue Front II (UNRF II) 2006 282
Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) 2007 290, 2007 291, 2007 294, 2007 295, 2007 296, 2007
298
Ugandan People’s Defence Army (UPDA) 2006 275
Ugandan People’s Defence Force (UPDF) 2006 275, 2006 277, 2006 278–82, 2006 284–5,
2006 286–9
ammunition profile 2007 290, 2007 291, 2007 294–6, 2007 298
community defence group 2010 267
diversions from 2007 299–301
Lord’s Resistance Army 2007 326, 2010 288–9
violence in South Sudan 2007 325
Uighur 2004 310
UK see United Kingdom
Ukraine
ammunition
diversion from Côte d’Ivoire to Liberia 2008 121, 2008 123, 2008 129, 2008 134
stockpiles 2008 90, 2008 91, 2008 93
transfers, transparency 2010 12
brokering 2004 155, 2004 156, 2004 157, 2004 158, 2004 160–1
collection and destruction programmes 2003 61
destruction programmes
MANPADS 2008 101
surplus weapons 2008 95, 2008 96, 2008 97
disarmament 2009 179
exports 2002 123, 2003 48, 2003 108
to Africa 2001 170
ammunition, to Uganda 2007 293, 2007 294–6, 2007 295
irresponsible transfers from 2007 100, 2007 105
military firearms 2009 34, 2009 39
338
shotgun shell parts 2010 26
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 23
sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 44, 2009 46
transparency 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17
to the United States 2003 39
value 2001 148
illicit transfers from 2001 176
to Eritrea 2002 136
to Liberia 2005 168
to the LTTE in Sri Lanka 2001 182
to Nagorno-Karabakh 2002 133
to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 171, 2001 172, 2001 173, 2004 132
to UNITA in Angola 2001 173, 2002 132
imports, sporting shotguns 2009 19
MANPADS 2004 92–3
military stockpile, diversion 2008 56–7
OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 211
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 280
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
light weapons 2008 35
manufacturing sectors 2005 56
survey of producers 2001 34, 2001 53, 2002 57, 2003 38, 2003 48–9
small arms per person 2008 87, 2008 88
stockpiles 2005 74
civilian holdings 2007 47–8
correlation to GDP 2007 57
destruction of surpluses 2004 60
military 2006 44, 2006 47, 2006 50, 2006 57
surplus weapons 2008 89
transfers, reporting of 2009 26, 2009 31
violations of end-user certificates 2002 134
ULFA see United Liberation Front of Assam
Ulster Defence Association (UDA), decommissioning 2003 285, 2006 260
Ulster Unionists, disarmament 2003 284–6, 2006 260
Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), decommissioning 2003 285, 2006 260
Umarex Sportwaffen (Germany) 2002 12, 2002 21, 2002 34
UN see United Nations
UN Register see United Nations Register of Conventional Arms
UN-LiREC see United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in
Latin America and the Caribbean
UNAFRI see United Nations African Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of
Offenders
UNAMIR see United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda
UNAMSIL see United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone
UNCASA see United Nations Coordinating Action on Small Arms
UNCJIN see United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice
339
UNDDA see United Nations Department for Disarmament Affairs
under-barrel grenade launchers 2008 24
UNDP see United Nations Development Programme
unemployment
see also employment
Brazil, firearm homicides 2007 235
demand for small arms 2006 152
effects of small arms misuse 2003 137
Latin America, and firearm homicides 2003 138
Papua New Guinea 2006 182, 2006 183
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 265
urban armed violence 2007 168–9, 2007 179
West African armed groups 2006 248, 2006 252, 2006 259, 2006 265
Yemen 2003 172
young men and small arms 2006 298–300, 2006 303–4, 2006 305
UNGA see United Nations General Assembly
unguided light weapons, definition 2008 20
unguided rocket launchers 2008 25–6
UNHRC see United Nations Human Rights Council
União Nacional Para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA)
conflict goods 2002 140, 2002 141, 2002 142
DDR and weapons reduction 2003 279, 2003 297, 2003 301, 2005 286
guided light weapons holdings 2008 32
illicit transfers from, to the Republic of the Congo 2003 260, 2003 262
illicit transfers to 2001 173
arms embargoes 2002 131–3, 2004 265, 2004 269
arms supply networks 2001 116–19
end-use assurances 2002 249
human rights 2004 130
violations of end-user certificates 2002 134
resource extraction 2005 191–2
stockpiles 2003 81
weapons diverted to 2008 196
UNICEF see United Nations Children’s Fund
UNICRI see United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute
UNIDIR see United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research
Unified Database of the Ministry of Health (Datasus) (Brazil) 2007 229
UNIFIL see United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
unilateral declarations, humanitarian norms 2010 311
unintentional deaths 2004 174–80, 2004 202, 2004 295
unintentional transfers, definition 2002 111
Union of Forces for Democracy and Development (UFDD) (Chad), guided light weapons
holdings 2008 32
Union panafricaine pour la démocratie sociale (UPADS) (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256–8,
2003 264–5, 2003 267–8
holdings 2003 260–1
Union pour le renouveau démocratique (URD) (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256–8, 2003
340
264–5, 2003 268–9
holdings 2003 260–1
UNITA see União Nacional Para a Independência Total de Angola
Unité de la Sécurité Présidentielle (USP) (Central African Republic) 2005 307
United Arab Emirates (UAE)
exports
human rights 2004 132
transparency 2010 13, 2010 16, 2011 17
illicit transfers from
air cargo companies 2001 121
to Sudan 2001 174
imports
from Brazil 2004 123
customs data 2002 126
from United States 2001 154
value 2001 2004 111
value 2002 2005 108
value 2003 2006 73, 2006 78
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 280
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
survey of producers 2001 53, 2002 19, 2002 20, 2002 57
stockpiles 2005 88, 2005 89
United Front for the Liberation of Liberia 2003 82
United Kingdom (UK)
see also England and Wales; Northern Ireland; Scotland
ammunition 2005 21
transfers, transparency 2010 12
arms industry 2009 68
Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) 2009 148
arms trafficking and tax havens 2001 104–5
brokering, controls 2002 255, 2002 257
civilian firearms
licences 2011 280, 2011 282
prohibited and restricted 2011 271
regulation 2011 267
storage requirements 2011 292
transfer regulation 2011 283
use regulation 2011 284–5, 2011 286
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 277
civilian weapons, theft of 2008 63, 2008 64, 2008 65–6
collection and destruction programme 2002 73, 2002 74, 2002 281, 2002 283, 2002 302,
2003 280, 2005 75–6
control measures
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 122
brokering 2002 255, 2002 257
civilian ownership 2002 270–1, 2004 67, 2004 188–9, 2004 192
341
international transfer controls 2007 122, 2007 129–30
licensed production 2007 28
MANPADS 2005 130–6
Transfer Controls Initiative (TCI) 2007 129–30
West African Moratorium 2001 260–1
destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 97
disarmament 2009 171–4, 2009 179
end-user certification 2008 169, 2008 171–3
Export Control Act (2002) 2008 169
export controls 2009 67
enforcement 2009 86
licensing authorities 2009 90
licensing systems 2009 72, 2009 75
Open General Export Licences (OGELs) 2009 79–80
pre-licensing requirements 2009 76
transfer criteria 2009 94, 2009 95
exports
to Africa 2003 118
ammunition 2009 15, 2009 16
annual value 2001 148
average annual value 2001 147
classification of 2004 107, 2004 108
codes of conduct 2002 183
to Colombia 2006 236
Comtrade data 2009 12
control and accountability 2002 248
customs data 2002 126
end-use assurances 2002 250
human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132
to Indonesia 2004 99
irresponsible transfers from 2007 99, 2007 100, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007 103, 2007
104, 2007 105, 2007 106, 2007 107
list of importers 2005 106, 2005 107, 2005 108, 2006 75, 2006 76, 2006 77
military firearms 2001 146, 2001 147, 2002 115, 2002 116, 2009 34, 2009 39
military small arms and light weapons 2009 23
national reporting 2001 151, 2002 120, 2002 121, 2002 122, 2003 98
non-military shotguns 2002 114
pistols and revolvers 2001 147
selected transfers 1999–2001 2002 147
shotgun shells 2010 25
sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 18, 2009 45
transparency 2004 117, 2005 110, 2005 111, 2005 112, 2005 113, 2006 81, 2007 74,
2007 87, 2007 88, 2009 8, 2009 49, 2010 8, 2010 13, 2010 15, 2011 15, 2011 16
to the United States 2004 124
value 2000 2003 103
value 2001 2004 106
value 2002 2005 97, 2005 105
342
value 2003 2006 73
firearm homicides and suicides 2009 172–4
1998 2001 201, 2001 209, 2001 240
and civilian ownership 1999 2001 203, 2001 239
human development indicators 2001 233, 2001 241
Firearms Amendment Act (1997) 2008 65, 2009 171, 2009 173–4
gang violence 2008 234
gun crime 2009 173–4
illicit transfers from
to Iraq 2002 133
to Liberia 2002 132
to Rwanda 2002 132
to Sierra Leone 2001 22–3, 2001 110, 2001 121, 2002 132, 2002 133
illicit transfers to, border seizures 2005 115, 2005 116
imports
ammunition 2009 16
ATGWs 2011 32
Comtrade data 2009 12
customs data 2002 126
list of exporters 2005 103, 2006 68–72
MANPADS 2004 87
military firearms 2002 116
shotgun shell parts 2010 26
shotgun shells 2010 25
single-shot disposable systems 2011 28
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 24
sporting shotguns 2009 19
from the United States 2003 106, 2004 120
value 1994–1998 2001 156, 2001 157
value 2000 2003 103
value 2001 2004 111
value 2002 2005 109
value 2003 2006 67, 2006 78
mass shootings 2011 267
military procurement 2006 11, 2006 16, 2006 23, 2006 29
police weapons, TASERs 2011 92
policing 2004 221–3, 2004 226, 2004 228, 2004 231, 2004 234–5, 2004 239
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 280
Private Security Companies 2001 110, 2001 220
personnel 2011 106
regulation 2011 152
production
financial indicators of main companies 2000 2002 21
global ranking of countries 2001 16
illicit 2001 45
licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 2007 18, 2007 28
light weapons 2008 35
343
MANPADS 2004 82
manufacturing sectors 2005 47–8, 2005 49, 2005 52, 2005 59, 2005 61
mortars 2004 33
most important companies 2002 20, 2003 15
most popular small arms 2001 18–19, 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 33, 2001 53, 2002 39–40, 2002 57
stockpiles
civilian holdings 2001 239, 2003 64, 2005 80, 2007 50
changing patterns of 2007 63–4
destruction programmes 2007 64, 2007 65
distribution of firearms 2001 67–8
MANPADS 2004 84
military 2002 259, 2006 38, 2006 56
destruction programmes 2007 65
police 2006 43
private illegal firearms 2001 87
stolen firearms 2004 63
thefts from state arsenals 2002 137, 2002 259
surplus weapons 2009 69
transportation
licensing 2010 51
safety and security measures 2010 54
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2009 166, 2009 171–4
Yemen 2003 173–4
United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) 2001 181
United Liberation Movement for Democracy in Liberia (ULIMO) 2005 182
United Nations (UN)
2005 World Summit Outcome 2007 119
ammunition 2005 26, 2005 28
armed groups, child soldiers 2006 266
Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) (2006) 2007 130
Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials (1990)
2003 224, 2004 214–17, 2004 219–27, 2004 229–31, 2004 234, 2004 237–8, 2006
131, 2010 319, 2011 70, 2011 89, 2011 93, 2011 143, 2011 154
Biennial Meetings of States (BMS), First (2003) 2004 2, 2007 125, 2007 126
brokering 2004 147–8, 2004 152
destruction of surpluses 2004 58
monitoring 2004 249, 2004 250–1, 2004 260
reporting 2004 254
Biennial Meetings of States (BMS), Third (2008) 2009 135, 2009 136–43, 2009 152, 2011
44, 2011 46–7
civil society experts 2009 140
facilitators 2009 137
implementation agenda 2009 142–3
outcome 2009 140–2
preparations for 2009 137–9
Biennial Meetings of States (BMS), Fourth (2010) 2011 43, 2011 44–8, 2011 51–2
344
Bosnia 2005 234
Brahimi Report 2005 285, 2005 287
brokering 2004 148
definition 2002 253
illicit 2001 95
international control of 2001 127, 2001 128
Small Arms Conference 2001 128, 2002 57–8, 2004 141, 2004 147
Burundi 2007 199, 2007 204, 2007 210–11
Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials (1979) 2003 223, 2004 214, 2004 215,
2004 216–17, 2004 227, 2004 232, 2004 233, 2004 236, 2006 131, 2011 70, 2011 71,
2011 154
Commodity Trade Statistics Database (Comtrade) 2001 144–7, 2001 156, 2002 113–15,
2003 98–120, 2004 109–14, 2005 98–109, 2006 66–73, 2009 10–25
2008 analysis 2011 11
ammunition, transfers 2006 67, 2010 10, 2010 22–7, 2010 34–5
comparison with other data sources 2009 28–30, 2009 52
customs codes 2009 10, 2009 26, 2009 30
discrepancies with government data 2001 150–1, 2001 156
ECOWAS moratorium 2004 113–14
global trends 2000–2006 2009 7, 2009 11–25, 2009 52
human error 2006 66
international trends 2003 98–104
irresponsible transfers 2007 76
methodology for estimating transfers 2001 144
Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 80, 2007 87,
2007 94–7, 2008 114, 2008 137–42, 2009 8, 2009 47–52
transparency 2004 117
Yemen 2003 176–7
Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in all its Aspects (2001)
see also United Nations, Biennial Meetings of States; United Nations, Programme of
Action
analysis of 2002 3–5, 2002 6, 2002 203–31
armed non-state actors 2001 78
assessment 2002 229–30
brokering 2001 128, 2002 57–8, 2004 141, 2004 147
chronology of events 2002 204
conference itself 2002 218–20
definitions 2002 64
follow-up 2002 227–9
General Assembly resolution 2002 206–7
humanitarian impacts of small arms 2002 176
illicit trade, definition 2002 128
issues for 2001 282
monitoring of implementation 2004 250–63
NGOs 2002 217–18, 2002 242
norms 2003 223
preparation for 2001 276–8, 2001 280–1, 2001 282–3, 2002 205–9
345
process 2004 249
norms 2003 223, 2003 226–36
stockpile management 2002 261
tracing initiatives 2006 96
transfers to non-state actors 2007 133
weapons collection programmes 2002 281, 2002 303, 2002 316
Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (1980) 2002 179
Convention on Transnational Organized Crime 2001 127–8, 2002 237
norms 2003 223
Darfur 2007 320
DDR and weapons reduction 2005 267–8
coercive disarmament as part of peacekeeping operations 2003 298–9
disarmament in Mozambique 2001 64
future of 2005 287–9
history of DDR 2005 277–9
history of weapons reduction 2005 280
peacekeeping 2005 267–8
South Sudan 2007 331–3
deaths of personnel 2002 187, 2002 196
deaths of staff 2001 226
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women 2004 227, 2004 235
definitions of small arms and light weapons 2001 8, 2001 251, 2003 59
development programmes
and disarmament 2003 151–4
risks to staff 2003 149
embargoes
Africa 2003 118–19
Angola 2001 116, 2001 117, 2002 249
Croatia 2001 102
effective 2001 2002 132
Ethiopia and Eritrea 2001 175
extra-territorial jurisdiction 2002 256
former Yugoslavia 2001 107
human rights violations 2007 75
humanitarian law 2002 183, 2004 133
international law 2007 132
International Tracing Instrument 2006 108, 2006 111
irresponsible transfers 2007 74
Liberia 2003 118–19
monitoring 2004 5, 2004 249–50, 2004 263–71
norms 2003 224–5
Sierra Leone 2001 110, 2001 120, 2001 172
Somalia 2007 92–3, 2007 94
Sudan 2007 92, 2007 317, 2007 320
violations 2002 131–5, 2002 136, 2003 118–19, 2004 128–33
West African armed groups 2006 256, 2006 258, 2006 266
exports see United Nations (UN), Commodity Trade Statistics Database
346
Feasibility Study, brokering 2002 246, 2002 256–7
Firearm Regulation Study (1998) 2004 61
Firearms Protocol 2001 278–80, 2002 236, 2002 237–41, 2005 126, 2007 73, 2007 127,
2008 161, 2008 163, 2009 62, 2009 63
ammunition 2005 24–5, 2005 28
brokers 2001 127–8
customs regulations 2010 55
definition of ‘illicit trafficking’ 2007 73
import marks 2009 119
MANPADS 2005 136
norms 2003 216–17, 2003 223, 2003 225, 2003 238, 2003 247
ratifications 2004 252
scope 2005 125
stockpile management 2002 259
tracing and marking 2002 246, 2002 247, 2006 96, 2006 99, 2006 103–4, 2006 106–7,
2006 114
UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 210, 2002 216
Group of Experts on the problem of ammunition and explosives 2005 9, 2005 13, 2005 28,
2005 31, 2010 8
Group of Governmental Experts on ammunition 2009 135, 2009 143–7, 2009 152
Group of Governmental Experts on brokering 2007 126, 2010 45–6
Group of Governmental Experts on conventional ammunition stockpiles in surplus 2007
126
Group of Governmental Experts on Small Arms (1999)
ammunition 2009 144–5
brokers 2001 128
marking and tracing 2002 246
producers 2001 9
UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 205–6
Group of Governmental Experts to examine the feasibility, scope and draft parameters of an
arms trade treaty 2009 148, 2009 149–52
Group of Governmental Experts on Tracing Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons (2003)
2005 28, 2006 96–7, 2006 102–5, 2006 107
Haiti 2005 164
Human Development Index
Brazil 2007 245
Rio de Janeiro 2007 237
Yemen 2003 171–2
Human Rights Committee 2004 216–17
human rights law 2002 179
human rights violations
Cambodia 2006 130
stigmatization of suppliers to 2002 184
humanitarian aid
co-operation with peacekeeping forces 2002 189–90
deteriorating security 2001 226–9
Somalia, attacks on 2002 192
347
Sudan 2001 174–5
humanitarian impacts of small arms 2002 176
humanitarian law 2001 223–4
humanitarianism, supply-side 2002 182
illicit transfers, definitions 2001 165, 2001 167
Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards (IDDRS)
child protection 2009 208
reintegration programmes 2009 255–6, 2009 278
weapons registration 2009 126
intellectual property rights 2007 24
Inter-Agency Standing Committee Reference Group on Small Arms (RGSA) 2002 158
International Crime Victim Surveys 2004 179
International Study on Firearm Regulation (1995–1997) 2001 84–6
International Study on Firearm Regulation (1999) 2001 9, 2001 146
Kosovo 2005 217, 2005 220–1
Latin America and the Caribbean 2004 50
law enforcement 2003 224, 2004 214–17, 2004 219–27, 2004 229–31, 2004 234, 2004
237–8, 2006 131
Mali, weapons collection 2002 288
MANPADS 2005 128–9
marking
International Tracing Instrument 2006 95–114
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 119
fragmentation 2007 127–8
General Assembly First Committee 2007 126
Millennium Summit 2003 150
monitoring 2004 249–72
Monitoring Group on Somalia 2007 92–4
municipal armed violence reduction programmes 2007 185
Open-Ended Working Group on Tracing Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons (OEWG)
2006 95, 2006 96–103
Panel of Experts on Liberia 2009 108
Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council Sanctions against UNITA (Fowler
Report) 2001 117–19, 2001 173
Panel of Governmental Experts on Small Arms (1997) 2001 276–7
ammunition 2009 144
definition of light weapons 2008 8–11, 2008 30, 2009 8–9
definition of small arms 2001 8, 2004 8, 2005 40–1, 2009 8–9
demand for small arms 2006 143
illicit transfers 2010 44–5
International Tracing Instrument 2006 96, 2006 102, 2006 103–4
legal transfers 2001 142
light weapons 2005 123–4
marking and tracing 2002 246
UN Small Arms Conference 2002 204
Peace Operations Panel 2003 296
peacekeeping missions 2003 294
348
Chapter VI mandate 2003 299
co-operation with humanitarian operations 2002 189–90
death of personnel 2002 187–8
deteriorating security 2001 226–9
disarmament 2003 277, 2003 278, 2003 291–2
in former Yugoslavia 2001 200
global measures 2001 276
theft from in Sierra Leone 2001 172–3
Uruguayan soldiers smuggling guns 2001 187
Principles on the Effective Prevention and Investigation of Extra-legal, Arbitrary and
Summary Executions 2004 225, 2004 230
Principles on the Prevention of Human Rights Violations Committed with Small Arms
(2006) 2007 127, 2010 323
Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and
Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (PoA) 2002 203, 2002 236, 2009 62, 2009 63
see also United Nations, Biennial Meetings of States
ammunition 2005 25, 2005 28, 2005 126–7
assessment 2002 3–4, 2002 229–30
Bamako Declaration (2000) (OAU) 2002 213
border controls 2011 44–6, 2011 58
brokering 2002 257–8, 2004 147, 2004 151–2
brokering controls 2011 57
civilian holdings 2007 42
complicity in violations of international law 2007 131
conference negotiations 2002 218–20
demand for small arms 2006 144
disarmament 2009 164, 2009 180
diversion prevention measures 2008 160–1
draft 2002 207–9
embargoes 2004 263–4
EU Plan of Action 2002 214–15
existing responsibilities 2007 130–2
final draft 2002 220–9
Firearms Protocol 2002 216
follow-up 2007 125, 2007 126, 2011 47–8
fragmentation 2007 127–8
General Assembly First Committee 2007 126
illicit transfers 2007 97
implementation 2009 142–3, 2009 152, 2011 4, 2011 43–61
influence of gun lobby 2002 217
international cooperation and assistance 2011 46–7, 2011 58–9
International Tracing Instrument 2006 101–2, 2006 103, 2006 104, 2006 112
key challenges 2007 130–7
licensed production 2007 31
light weapons 2005 126
MANPADS 2005 132, 2005 136
marking and tracing 2002 246–8, 2005 28
349
military stockpiles 2007 42
monitoring of implementation 2004 2, 2004 249–63, 2004 271–2
National Points of Contact 2006 58–60
NGOs 2002 242
norms 2003 215–48
Open-ended Meeting of Governmental Experts (MGE) 2011 43, 2011 48, 2011 52,
2011 61
record keeping 2002 246–7
reporting 2006 112, 2009 137–9, 2009 141, 2009 152
Review Conference (2006) 2007 117, 2007 118–26
transfers to non-state actors 2007 133
unlicensed production 2007 24
stockpile management 2011 57–8
stockpile security 2002 259
surplus weapons, definition 2008 81–2
terrorism 2002 228
tracing 2006 96
tracing and record-keeping 2011 56–7
transfer controls 2007 128, 2007 129–30, 2008 159–60
transparency 2006 78–9
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 281
Programme for Coordination and Assistance for Security and Development (PCASED)
2004 112
security of personnel 2002 186, 2002 186–8, 2002 187, 2002 188, 2002 192, 2003 149
slums 2007 168
small arms process 2011 4, 2011 43–61
Small Arms Reduction Plan 2003 309–10
soft law 2003 219
South Sudan 2007 331–3, 2007 335–6
stockpiles
data 2001 62
global 2003 58, 2003 62
Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights 2007 127
Supplement to an Agenda for Peace 2003 227
Surplus Ammunition Report (2008) 2009 143–7, 2009 152
tracing, International Tracing Instrument 2006 95–114
transfers, to non-state actors 2007 132
United Nations International Study on Firearm Regulation 2011 262, 2011 263
weapons registration 2009 124–8
Working Group on the Use of Mercenaries 2011 126, 2011 148–9
World Report on Violence against Children 2009 193
United Nations African Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders
(UNAFRI) 2002 262–3
United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) 2003 283
United Nations Centre for International Crime Prevention (CICF) 2002 241
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
child protection 2009 208
350
demand for small arms 2006 144
disarmament and development 2003 154
weapons collection 2004 251
United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (UNCJIN) 2001 84,
2011 263, 2011 264
United Nations Commission on Human Rights 2004 1
United Nations Coordinating Action on Small Arms (UNCASA) 2011 58, 2011 262
United Nations Department for Disarmament Affairs (UNDDA) 2001 277, 2004 254, 2004
258, 2004 263
United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) 2003 292, 2005 277, 2005
289
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Armed Violence Prevention Programme (AVPP) 2006 309, 2007 178
Arms for Development programmes 2003 154, 2006 264–5
Burundi, violence in 2007 197
demand for small arms 2006 144
destruction programme assistance 2008 78
destruction of surplus ammunition in Bosnia and Herzegovina 2005 30
El Salvador 2005 207, 2005 280, 2005 281, 2005 285, 2005 287, 2005 289
armed violence reduction 2008 291–5
How to Guide: Small Arms and Light Weapons Legislation 2011 262
monitoring implementation of Programme of Action 2004 257, 2004 258, 2004 263
Papua New Guinea 2006 165
Republic of the Congo 2003 255, 2003 264–73
Somalia 2003 153
Trust Fund for the Reduction of Small Arms Proliferation 2002 298
weapons collection 2003 309–10, 2009 124–6
1989–2002 2003 279–81
Albania 2002 299
Mali 2002 288
participatory approaches 2002 313
Republic of the Congo 2002 300–1
safety 2002 312
Weapons Collection, Management, and Destruction Programme 2002 281
weapons for development 2002 298, 2003 309–10
West African Moratorium 2001 259
United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) 2001 277, 2001 278–9, 2005 26
firearms regulation 2011 263
Model Regulations 2010 49
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA)
Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) 2009 148–52, 2011 43–4, 2011 53–5
First Committee (Disarmament and International Security) 2009 136, 2009 142
omnibus resolution (2010) 2011 50–2
Report of the Disarmament Commission 2011 263
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 2005 183, 2005 273
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
forced displacement, 2001 2002 167
351
killing of staff in West Timor 2001 228
militarization of refugee camps 2001 227, 2005 273
move to operational intervention 2002 185
security of staff 2001 226, 2001 228
violence in refugee camps 2002 169
United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) 2011 287
United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) 2004 251, 2004 258, 2006 96
United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) 2005 220–1
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) 2009 317, 2009 321, 2009 331
United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) 2004 179, 2006
169
urban armed violence 2007 169–70
United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA) 2005 316, 2005 324–5
United Nations Mission in Côte d’Ivoire (MINUCI) 2011 196, 2011 197
United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) 2006 261–2
weapons collection 2009 125
United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), disarmament 2002 289–90, 2003 283,
2003 290, 2003 307, 2006 255
United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) 2007 331–3, 2007 335–6, 2010 285, 2010 290,
2010 296
civilian disarmament 2007 335–6
United Nations Observer Mission in Bougainville (UNOMB) 2003 302
United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) 2003 207, 2003 210
United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL), weapons collection 2002 288–9, 2003
283, 2003 293, 2003 307
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), UN Firearms Protocol 2007 126–7
United Nations Office of the Resident Coordinator in Madagascar, Peace and Conflict Impact
Assessment 2011 167, 2011 181
United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) 2007 199, 2007 204, 2007 210–11
United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI) 2011 196, 2011 197, 2011 211, 2011 216
United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM II) 2003 298–9
United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and
the Caribbean (UN-LiREC) 2001 255–6
United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament (UNREC) 2002 262
United Nations Register of Conventional Arms (UNRCA) 2001 252, 2001 280
ammunition 2010 10
data on legal transfers 2001 143
data submitted to 2009 7, 2009 10, 2009 26–8
inclusion of light weapons 2004 115, 2004 253, 2005 109–10
light weapons transfers 2011 13–14, 2011 35
MANPADS 2004 93, 2005 128–9, 2011 34
Togo 2002 81
transparency 2006 79
United Nations Security Council (UNSC)
Resolution 1612 2009 208
Resolution 1701 2009 322
United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) 2011 233, 2011 235–6, 2011 238
352
United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) 2003 295
United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja, and Western Sirmium
(UNTAES) 2002 290, 2003 300
United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) 2006 120–1
United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia see Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia
United Somali Congress Ali Mahdi Faction, firearms 2010 122
United Somali Congress/Somali Salvation Alliance (USC/SSA), guided light weapons holdings
2008 33
United States (US)
655 Report 2001 152, 2002 121–2, 2003 106, 2005 113
Aceh reintegration support 2009 258
Afghanistan 2004 89, 2005 234
Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) 2009 285, 2009 288–9
Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA) 2011 152–3
ammunition
procurement 2010 14
requirements 2008 91
stockpiles 2008 91, 2008 93
transfers, transparency 2010 12
anti-materiel rifles 2008 22–3
armed violence
interventions 2008 280–8
school shootings 2008 265–6
Arms Export Control Act (2005) 2008 169
arms management, Iraq 2008 58–9
Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) 2009 148, 2009 149
art 2005 150–2
Boston Gun Project 2006 148, 2006 155, 2006 312–13, 2007 181, 2008 286, 2010 246
brokering 2004 160, 2004 161
controls 2001 103, 2001 104, 2001 125, 2002 254, 2002 255, 2002 256, 2002 257
extraterritorial jurisdiction 2004 158
licensing 2004 154, 2004 156, 2004 157
regulation 2004 162–3
trials 2004 165
Census Bureau, weapons categories 2009 30
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2005 242
civilian firearms 2010 114
carrying in public 2011 295, 2011 296
licences 2011 281, 2011 282
prohibited and restricted 2011 271–3
registration 2011 274
regulation 2011 267
self-defence use 2011 287–9
storage requirements 2011 292
transfer regulation 2011 284
user regulation 2011 276, 2011 277, 2011 278, 2011 279, 2011 280
confiscation, disposal method 2002 311
353
conflict deaths
Bosnia 2005 234
Iraq 2005 234–5
Consent-to-Search programme 2008 283
Consolidated Appropriations Bill 2004 66–7
control measures
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 119–20, 2007 121, 2007 123, 2007 124
ammunition 2005 21–2
Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) 2007 126, 2007 127
Assault Weapon Ban 2004 66–7, 2005 21, 2005 50, 2005 62–3, 2005 75
brokers 2001 103, 2001 104, 2001 125, 2001 126, 2002 254, 2002 255, 2002 256
civilian ownership 2002 264, 2002 265
end-user certification 2007 123
General Assembly First Committee 2007 126
global norms 2003 234
Inter-American Convention 2001 255
international tracing instrument ammunition 2007 124
licensed production 2007 28
MANPADS 2004 92, 2004 93, 2005 130–6
2006 UN Review Conference 2007 125–6
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 188
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 211, 2002 212
proceedings for violations of international law 2002 180
reform 2004 66–7
transfers to non-state actors, 2006 UN Review Conference 2007 123–4
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238, 2002 241
UN Programme of Action 2002 208, 2002 221, 2002 223–5, 2002 226
UN Small Arms Conference 2002 206, 2002 208, 2002 217, 2002 218, 2002 219,
2002 220
costs of small arms violence 2006 194, 2006 195, 2006 196, 2006 197, 2006 199, 2006
200, 2006 201
DDR programmes 2009 186
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 2011 78
demand for small arms, costs of illicit use 2006 155
Department of Defense (DoD)
ammunition security risk coding 2008 50
Defense Transportation Tracking System 2008 132–3
Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund 2008 126
private security 2011 108
Small Arms Serialization Program (SASP) 2007 83–4
Special Assignment Airlift Mission 2008 133
Department of State (DoS)
Algeria, human rights violations 2007 77
Blue Lantern end-use monitoring programme 2008 129, 2008 137, 2008 170
budget for weapons destruction 2008 105
Haiti, human rights abuses 2007 174
354
Israel, human rights violations 2007 79–80
Political Terror Scale 2007 75
transfers to Iraqi Security Forces 2007 82–5
deportation, gang members 2008 290
destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 96, 2008 97, 2008 98
development and arms control, 2006 UN Review Conference 2007 125
Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) 2008 143
disarmament 2009 179
diversion
firearms components to Europe 2008 120, 2008 130
Stinger missiles to Afghanistan 2008 120, 2008 125
weapons in Iraq 2008 125, 2008 126
end-use monitoring 2008 144, 2008 169–70, 2008 171–3
export controls
end-user certification 2009 82
exceptions 2009 78
licensing authorities 2009 90
licensing systems 2009 72, 2009 75
pre-licensing requirements 2009 76
transfer criteria 2009 94
exports
to Afghanistan 2007 98
to Africa 2003 118
to Algeria 2007 77
ammunition 2006 67, 2009 14, 2009 15
annual value 2001 148
arms sourcing to conflicts 2005 160
by category 2001 154, 2001 155
classification of 2004 107
codes of conduct 2002 183
to Colombia 2004 129, 2004 130, 2005 161, 2005 162, 2005 165, 2006 236
Comtrade data 2009 8, 2009 12
control and accountability 2002 248
customs data 2002 126
dependence of producers on 2004 119–21
end-use assurances 2002 249, 2002 250
human rights 2004 128, 2004 129, 2004 130, 2004 131, 2004 132
hunting and sporting firearms 2002 124
to Indonesia 2007 79
to Iraq 2006 74, 2007 74, 2007 81–5, 2007 102
irresponsible transfers from 2007 73, 2007 74, 2007 77, 2007 79, 2007 81–5, 2007 98,
2007 99, 2007 100, 2007 101, 2007 102, 2007 103, 2007 104, 2007 105, 2007
106, 2007 107
to Israel 2002 18
to Japan 2009 27, 2009 30
to Latin America 2003 114
list of importers 2005 106, 2005 107, 2005 108, 2005 109, 2006 75–8
355
MANPADS 2002 116, 2004 87, 2004 88, 2004 89
military firearms 2001 146, 2001 147, 2002 115, 2002 116, 2009 33, 2009 34
military small arms and light weapons 2009 23, 2009 24
muzzle-loading firearms 2002 114
national reporting 2001 152–4, 2002 120, 2002 121–2, 2002 123, 2002 124
to Nepal 2003 97
non-military pistols and revolvers 2002 114
non-military shotguns 2002 114
pistols and revolvers 2001 146, 2001 147, 2009 20, 2009 41
security measures 2008 132–3, 2008 143
selected transfers 1999–2001 2002 147
share of total arms exports 2001 144
shotgun shell parts 2010 26
shotgun shells 2010 25
Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2004 3–4
small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 23, 2010 24
sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 18, 2009 44, 2009 45
sporting rifles 2002 114
top exporters 2004 2007 74
transparency 2001 152–4, 2002 117, 2004 116, 2004 117, 2005 112, 2005 113, 2006
80, 2006 81, 2007 74, 2007 87, 2007 88, 2009 48, 2009 49, 2010 15, 2011 15,
2011 16
trends 2000 2003 105–8
unilateral arms embargoes 2002 133
value 2001 2004 100, 2004 101, 2004 106
value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 100, 2005 105
value 2003 2006 65, 2006 73
to Yemen 2003 175
firearm homicides and suicides 2008 281–2
1998 2001 201, 2001 209, 2001 240
and civilian ownership 1999 2001 203–4, 2001 239
compared to non-firearm homicides 2007 166
demographics 2001 239
human development indicators 2001 233, 2001 241
firearm injuries 2008 257
firearms, access to 2008 284–7
gang violence 2008 225–6, 2008 234, 2008 270, 2008 286, 2010 129, 2010 132–5, 2010
146, 2010 148
girls 2010 194
gangs
girl members 2010 187–8, 2010 193
gun ownership 2010 109, 2010 112, 2010 113, 2010 114
membership 2010 106, 2010 107
Mexican-American 2010 230–1, 2010 242, 2010 244
prevention strategies 2010 237–8, 2010 240
suppression strategies 2010 246, 2010 247, 2010 248
treatment strategies 2010 242
356
Golden Sentry programme 2008 170
Haiti 2005 163–5
correlation to city size 2007 165, 2007 166
homicides 2008 280, 2008 281–2
urban areas 2008 222, 2008 257, 2010 132–5
illegal sales of weapons 2008 62
illicit transfers from 2001 189, 2007 90–1
ant trade into Mexico 2002 135
brokers 2001 103, 2001 104
to Central American non-state actors 2002 129
Cold War grey market 2001 168–9
to Colombia 2006 222
to Indonesia 2007 79
to Iraq 2007 74, 2007 81–5
to Latin America 2003 116–17
to Libya 2001 103
to non-state actors in Afghanistan 2007 135
to Paraguay 2001 186
to Rwanda 2002 132
to Somalia 2007 93–4
to Sudanese rebels 2001 174
to Venezuela 2007 81
illicit transfers to, from Russian Federation 2001 178–9
import markings 2009 119, 2009 120
imports
ammunition 2009 16, 2009 17
Beretta 2002 37
from Brazil 2001 30, 2007 95–6
from Canada 2001 149
from central and eastern Europe 2003 38–9
from China 2001 45, 2002 22
Comtrade data 2001 156, 2009 8, 2009 12
Container Security Initiative 2003 107
customs data 2002 126
from the European Union 2003 103–4, 2004 124
from FN Herstal 2001 31
from Germany 2001 150
handguns 2009 8
hunting and sporting firearms 2002 126
from Latin America 2003 114, 2004 17, 2004 18, 2004 19, 2004 20, 2004 22, 2004
123
list of exporters 2005 102, 2005 103, 2005 104, 2005 105, 2006 68–73
military firearms 2002 116
military small arms and light weapons 2009 25
national data on 2007 52
national reporting 2001 157
pistols and revolvers 2002 114, 2009 21, 2009 22, 2009 40
357
from Russia 2003 111, 2004 122
shotgun shell parts 2010 26
shotgun shells 2010 25, 2010 26
small-calibre cartridges 2010 23, 2010 24
sporting and hunting firearms 2009 8, 2009 47
sporting shotguns 2009 18, 2009 19–20
survey of producers 2001 26–7
top importers 2004 2007 74
TOW missiles 2011 32–3
trends 2000 2003 105–8
value 1994–1998 2001 157
value 2000 2003 101
value 2001 2004 100, 2004 101, 2004 108, 2004 111
value 2002 2005 97, 2005 98, 2005 106, 2005 109
value 2003 2006 65, 2006 67, 2006 74, 2006 78
injuries, cost of treating 2001 216
International Traffic in Arms Regulations (2007) 2008 169
intervention programmes, violence reduction 2008 282–8
Iraq 2004 44–5, 2004 49–50, 2005 234–5, 2008 14
legal transfers, classification of 2001 142
less-lethal weapons 2011 84, 2011 86–7
MANPADS development 2008 16–17
marking and tracing, International Tracing Instrument 2006 100–1, 2006 102
mass shootings 2011 267
Mayors Against Illegal Guns 2008 285
military procurement 2006 9–10, 2006 29
age of stock 2006 16
development of new weapons 2006 23
imports 2002 22, 2002 37
major initiatives 2006 11
OICW development 2006 24
procurement rate 2006 16
projected rate 2006 18
ratio of types of weapons 2006 13
missile countermeasures on civilian aircraft 2004 91
National Strategy for Combating Terrorism 2004 66
non-state actors, support for 2002 129, 2002 131
organized crime 2008 64
police
shooting with own weapons 2011 79
use-of-force policies 2011 71
police weapons 2010 114, 2011 74–5
acousitc weapons 2011 83
militarization 2011 86, 2011 93
policing 2004 217, 2004 223, 2004 226, 2004 228, 2004 238
pollution, ammunition 2005 17
prices
358
AK-47 2002 65, 2002 67–8
Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 2007 280
prison gangs 2010 157, 2010 160–2
firearms 2010 173
private military companies 2001 109
Private Security Companies 2001 220
armed 2011 115, 2011 116
personnel 2011 106
training 2011 123
production
ammunition 2003 13, 2003 16–17, 2005 15
assault rifles 2004 28–9
by value 2001 14
by volume 2001 13, 2003 13
carbines 2004 29
Census of Manufacturers 1997 2001 10
company profiles 2000 2002 27–9, 2002 55
distribution 2003 12
employment in the small arms industry 2003 17
financial indicators of main companies 2000 2002 21
global ranking 2001 15, 2001 16
grenade launchers 2004 32
illicit 2001 45
of illicit weapons seized in Brazil 2001 22, 2001 23
licensed 2002 45
control measures 2007 28
of FN Herstal products 2007 18
MANPADS 2007 21
owners of technology 2007 21
technology acquirers 2007 15
technology owners 2007 15, 2007 19
light weapons 2008 35
machine guns 2004 31
major ammunition producers 2001 15
major producing companies 2003 14–15
MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82
licensed production 2007 21
Manufacturing Census 2004 11
manufacturing sectors 2005 47–59, 2005 61
military small arms production 2000 2002 13
military-style ammunition 2002 14
mortars 2002 72
most important companies 2002 20, 2003 15
most popular small arms 2001 18, 2001 19, 2001 20, 2001 21
producer accountability 2004 1
ranked by weapons type 1998–1999 2002 29
seizures of illicit weapons in Brazil 2001 23
359
shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71
survey of producers 2001 25–6, 2001 53, 2002 10, 2002 27, 2002 57, 2003 16–18,
2004 10–14
total value 2003 16–18
total volume 2003 16–18
trends 2004 8, 2004 38
volume of 2002 13–14
Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN) 2008 287–8
school shootings 2008 265–6
small arms per person 2008 87, 2008 88
Somalia 2007 92
state-to-state transfers 2008 166
Stern Commission 2011 88, 2011 92, 2011 93
stockpiles 2002 83–6, 2003 57, 2003 61, 2004 53, 2004 56, 2004 57
civilian holdings 2002 79, 2004 51, 2007 39, 2007 46–8
automatic rifles 2006 56
control measures 2002 264, 2002 265
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9, 2007 62
data on private legal firearms 2001 85, 2001 86
estimates 2007 53
gender 2001 213
hunting 2007 63
illicit, most popular firearms 2001 21
national registration data 2007 50
patterns of 2007 63
private illegal firearms 2001 86
regulation of, 2006 UN Review Conference 2007 124
September 11, 2001 2003 60, 2003 61
thefts from 2002 138
distribution of firearms ownership 2001 65–6
MANPADS 2004 84
military 2001 73, 2002 75, 2002 83–6, 2006 44, 2006 46, 2006 47, 2006 53, 2006 56,
2006 57
ammunition 2005 29
destruction programmes 2002 73, 2007 64, 2007 65
inventory control 2002 260–1
thefts from 2002 259
transfer to civilian ownership 2007 61
weapons-to-troop ratio 2002 84–6
police 2001 69, 2001 70, 2005 78, 2006 41, 2006 43
September 11, 2001 2003 60–2
stolen firearms 2004 60, 2004 61, 2004 62, 2004 63
surplus ammunition, General Assembly First Committee 2007 126
surplus weapons 2008 89, 2009 69
disposal of 2008 81
terrorism, Moldovan trade 2003 109–10
theft of weapons 2008 55–6, 2008 64
360
Tiahrt Amendment 2008 286–7
transportation
licensing 2010 53
record-keeping 2010 53
Vanuatu and arms trade liberalization 2002 126
violence and crime
correlation with city size 2007 165, 2007 166
costs of 2001 216, 2004 191, 2006 194, 2006 195, 2006 196, 2006 197, 2006 199,
2006 200, 2006 201
drug-related violence 2001 221
firearms used in crimes 2001 23–4
frequency of defensive uses 2004 184
gangs 2007 171
gun ownership as deterrence 2004 186
handguns 2004 189–90
liability suits 2003 18
self-defence 2004 181
victims of 2004 61, 2004 179, 2004 183
violence, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 182, 2007 188
violence risk factors 2008 282
interventions 2008 267
Native Americans 2008 249
race 2008 259
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 74, 2002 282–3, 2003 280, 2005
72–4
young men and small arms 2006 297, 2006 304, 2006 306–7, 2006 311–12, 2006 313
United States Agency for International Development (USAID) 2005 285
United States Air Force, small arms inventory 2001 2002 85
United States Army
ammunition producers 2001 27
inventory control 2002 260–1
small arms acquisitions 2000 2002 86
small arms inventory 2001 2002 84–6
United States Coast Guard, small arms inventory 2001 2002 85
United States Navy, small arms inventory 2001 2002 85
United States Virgin Islands, tax havens and brokers 2001 105
United Tajik Opposition 2005 169–71
United Wa State Army (UWSA) (Myanmar)
firearms 2010 122
guided light weapons holdings 2008 33
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) 2002 179, 2003 219–20, 2004 181, 2004
213–14
UNLA see Uganda National Liberation Army
unleaded ammunition 2005 16–17
UNMIL see United Nations Mission in Liberia
UNMIS see United Nations Mission in Sudan
UNOCI see United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire
361
UNODC see United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
UNOMB see United Nations Observer Mission in Bougainville
UNOMIG see United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
UNOSOM II see United Nations Operation in Somalia
UNRCA see United Nations Register of Conventional Arms
UNRF see Uganda National Rescue Front
UNTAC see United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia
UNTAES see United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja, and
Western Sirmium
UNTAG see United Nations Transition Assistance Group
UPADS see Union panafricaine pour la démocratie sociale
UPDA see Ugandan People’s Defence Army
UPDF see Ugandan People’s Defence Force
Upper Nile State (Sudan), tribal conflict 2010 288
Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) 2005 231–2, 2005 234, 2005 238–9, 2005 241–7,
2007 76
urban areas
see also cities
accidental shootings 2007 230
armed violence 2008 221–2, 2008 257, 2008 291, 2009 196
Brazil 2007 228–52
Burundi 2007 197–221
correlation between crime rates and city size 2007 164–5
definition 2007 169
patterns of civilian ownership 2007 63
Philippines 2007 144–59
population 2007 163
violence 2007 161–89
urban renewal programmes, post-conflict security 2009 233, 2009 240
URD see Union pour le renouveau démocratique
Uruguay
control measures, MERCOSUR 2001 258
disarmament 2009 163
illicit transfers from, to Brazil 2007 306
illicit transfers to 2001 186–7
imports 2001 157
customs data 2002 117, 2002 126
military procurement 2006 27, 2006 30
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 280
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
survey of producers 2001 28, 2001 53, 2002 57
stockpiles, 2004 update 2004 51, 2004 52, 2004 53
surplus weapons 2008 84
US see United States
US Repeating Arms Co. (United States) 2001 23, 2001 26, 2002 31
362
use-of-force policies, police 2011 69, 2011 70–1, 2011 94
USP see Unité de la Sécurité Présidentielle
UWA see Uganda Wildlife Authority
UWSA see United Wa State Army
Uzbekistan
imports 2002 147
Kyrgyzstan 2004 309, 2004 310–11, 2004 318, 2004 322
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 280
stockpiles 2002 102
Tajikistan 2005 170–1
Uzi sub-machine gun 2004 30
Burundi 2007 204
Israeli stockpiles 2003 77
most popular sub-machine guns 2001 19, 2001 20
producers 2001 39, 2002 35
unlicensed production 2007 25
V.A. Degtyarev Plant (Russian Federation) 2001 33, 2003 19, 2004 14, 2004 15
company profile 2000 2002 26
exports 2004 122
financial indicators 2000 2002 21
financial indicators 2002 27
manufacturing sectors 2005 60
value of guns, demand for small arms 2006 153–4
value of lost life 2001 216
Vanuatu
civilian ownership 2004 283
gun control measures 2004 302, 2004 303
imports
from the United States 2004 280
value 2000 2004 281
stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284
tax havens and brokers 2001 105
World Trade Organization and tariffs on imports 2002 126
Vazovski Mashinostroitelni Zavodi (Bulgaria) 2003 44
Vector R4/R5s 2003 267
vehicle hijacking, Papua New Guinea 2006 184
vehicles, UAZ-3151 2008 9–10
Vektor (South Africa) 2001 21, 2001 41, 2001 44
Vektor machine gun 2002 48
Venezuela
civilian firearms, prohibited and restricted 2011 273
Colombian insurgents 2002 82–3
conflict, attempted overthrow of Chávez government 2002 2007 76
control measures, international transfer controls 2007 123
homicides 2008 215
urban violence 2007 186
363
human rights violations 2007 80–1
illicit transfers from 2006 83
to Colombia 2004 130, 2005 163, 2006 85, 2006 87, 2006 222
imports
from Brazil 2004 123
concerns 2006 87
customs data 2002 126
irresponsible transfers to 2007 76, 2007 80–1, 2007 107
list of exporters 2006 72
MANPADS 2011 33
pistols and revolvers 2002 114
from the United States 2001 154, 2004 120
value 2001 2004 103, 2004 108, 2004 111
value 2002 2005 106
value 2003 2006 74, 2006 78
military procurement 2006 12, 2006 13, 2006 30
OAS firearms instruments 2001 254
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 280
prison gangs, firearms 2010 173
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2002 45, 2007 9, 2007 11, 2007 15, 2007 30
manufacturing sectors 2005 61
most popular small arms 2001 20
survey of producers 2001 53, 2002 57, 2004 18, 2004 26
SA-24 MANPADS 2011 22
stockpiles 2004 51, 2004 52, 2004 53
military 2006 43, 2006 44, 2006 51
surplus weapons 2008 84, 2008 85
Territorial Guard 2008 85–6
theft of weapons 2008 55
unemployment and firearm homicides 2003 138
urban violence, political 2007 173, 2007 186
verification, post-conflict weapons collection 2009 123
Verney-Carron, Flash-Ball munitions 2011 81, 2011 89
victim assistance, 2006 UN Review Conference 2007 126
victimization
Africa 2007 171–3
Brazil 2007 227–8, 2007 231–3
Burundi 2007 211–12, 2007 214–15
Colombia 2006 223–6, 2006 230, 2006 239
correlation with city size 2007 164–5
effects of small arms misuse 2003 147
Pakistan, urban political armed violence in Karachi 2007 175
Papua New Guinea 2006 165, 2006 169–75
public perceptions of security 2007 175–8, 2007 182
South Sudan 2007 327–31
364
urban violence 2007 169–70, 2007 175–8
correlation to city size 2007 167
urbanization and violence 2007 164
violence and crime 2004 178, 2004 179–80, 2004 191
young men and small arms 2006 295, 2006 297
victims, gang violence 2010 69, 2010 145, 2010 197–9
Victoria (Australia)
civilian firearms
prohibited and restricted 2011 269
use regulation 2011 286
user regulation 2011 277, 2011 278
video games 2005 145–6
Viera de Mello (Brazil) 2001 29
Viet Cong, weapon-related commitments 2010 318
Vietnam
exports, irresponsible transfers to Philippines 2007 104
firearm homicides and suicides 2001 233
homicides, human development indicators 2001 241
illicit transfers from
to the LTTE in Sri Lanka 2001 182
MANPADS 2004 89
to Myanmar 2004 131
imports 2005 104
MANPADS 2004 87
occupation of Cambodia 2006 120
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 280
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
licensed 2007 15, 2007 18, 2007 21
light weapons 2008 35
MANPADS 2004 81, 2004 82
survey of producers 2001 53, 2002 57
reserve forces 2001 72
stockpiles
military 2006 48, 2006 52, 2006 57
People’s War strategy 2002 77
Vietnam War
cascading weapons 2001 169
post-traumatic stress disorder 2002 167
state stockpiles 2006 38
vigilante groups 2004 196–8
community security 2010 267
Côte d’Ivoire 2011 211–12
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180
transfers to non-state actors 2007 133
urban armed violence 2007 176, 2007 180, 2007 183
West Africa 2006 249, 2006 250–1, 2006 252
365
Village Guards (Turkey) 2010 261
vintage weapons, data on 2007 43
violence 2004 2, 2004 4, 2004 173–211
see also armed violence; crime; gang violence
accessibility thesis 2001 202–5, 2002 159, 2004 182–6
Africa 2004 192–9
art 2005 150–3
black market 2001 167, 2002 67–8
Brazil 2007 227–52, 2007 289–90
diversions 2007 301–11
Burundi 2007 197–221
Cambodia 2006 122–3, 2006 125–30, 2006 136
Central America 2001 232
civilian holdings 2007 42
clustering surveys 2005 239–40, 2005 241, 2005 244
Colombia 2006 215–41
and communities 2008 228–36, 2008 240, 2008 256, 2008 287–8
contexts of 2008 215
costs of 2001 4, 2001 216, 2004 190–2, 2006 189–211
cultures of 2001 205–8, 2005 205–23
deaths 2010 85
definitions 2005 230–1, 2007 164, 2008 212–13, 2008 246, 2008 277
demand, prices 2007 265
demand for small arms 2006 141, 2006 142–3, 2006 149–51
drug-related 2001 221
ecological model 2008 211, 2008 226, 2008 228, 2008 237, 2008 250–1
effect of small arms on intensity 2006 142–3
effects on human development 2003 129–49
effects of small arms misuse 2003 136–40
elections 2010 265
empirical studies 2008 249
entrepreneurs 2009 232
Europe 2003 63
criminal victimization in 2007 169–70
gender 2001 213
Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development (2006) 2007 127
Georgia 2003 209
group goals 2005 192–3, 2005 196
gun culture 2001 205–8, 2005 205–23
humanitarian law 2002 176–92
interventions 2008 262–9
Iraqi stockpiles 2004 44
Latin America 2004 52–4
male youth 2006 295–317
mapping of 2008 216
and mental illness 2008 254, 2008 255
municipal violence prevention programmes 2007 178–88
366
national control of civilian ownership 2002 263
Nigeria, correlation to city size 2007 167
Pacific 2004 295
Papua New Guinea 2006 165–84
pathways model 2008 251–3
political 2011 209–10
post-conflict 2005 268, 2005 271–4
prevention 2008 245
problem behaviour theory 2008 248
public perceptions of security 2007 175–8, 2007 182
reasons for stopping 2008 270
refugee camps 2002 168–9, 2005 273
relationship with arms availability 2001 200–8
risk factors 2008 229–30, 2008 238, 2008 245–6, 2008 249–53
social bonding theory 2008 248
social learning theory 2008 248
South Africa 2002 269–70
South Sudan 2007 317–44
transfer of military firearms to civilian ownership 2007 61
triggers 2008 256
types 2008 213–15, 2008 259–63
Uganda 2006 288, 2006 289
United Kingdom 2004 188–9
United States, liability suits 2003 18
urban areas 2007 161–89
of urbanization 2007 175–8
‘weapons priming effect’ 2006 307–8
Yemen 2003 179–80, 2003 187
young men and small arms 2006 298–301, 2006 307–10, 2006 313–16
violence reduction programmes
Colombia 2006 215, 2006 230–5
cost-benefit analysis 2003 132–3
cost-effectiveness analyses 2006 195, 2006 196–7
demand for small arms 2006 158
increasing protective factors 2006 313–16
municipal 2007 178–88
Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 2006 183
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 279, 2002 282–3, 2002 304–5, 2002
307–10
young men and small arms 2006 310–13
violence-induced displacement, indicators 2002 159, 2002 160
Viva Rio (Brazil) 2002 243, 2006 156
ammunition diversions 2007 311
Brazilian exports 2001 2002 125
weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 284
voluntary approaches, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181, 2007 185–8
Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights (VPs) 2011 136, 2011 141, 2011 154–8
367
Voluntary Society of Supporters for the Air Force And Navy (DAOSAAF) (Georgia) 2003 197
voluntary weapons collection 2002 286, 2002 292–7
Argentina 2002 307–10
VPs see Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights
vulnerable families, Brazil 2007 233, 2007 235, 2007 244, 2007 245, 2007 247
vulnerable persons, policing 2004 235–7
Vursan (Turkey) 2002 12
Vyatskiye Polyany Machine Building Plant Molot (Russian Federation) 2003 19
WA see Wassenaar Arrangement
Wallis and Futuna 2004 283, 2004 284, 2004 302
stockpiles 2003 89
Wallonian Region (Belgium), exports 2006 69
Wani, Clement 2010 292
war
definitions of 2005 230–2
Georgia 2003 206
global deaths, 2002 update 2002 157
post-conflict recurrence 2009 231
types of 2005 180
Uppsala Conflict Database 2007 76
war booty
2002 update 2002 138–9
diversions to illicit trade 2002 129
war crimes
disarming ex-combatants 2002 306
injury to killed ratio 2002 161
international law 2002 179
transfer controls 2007 132
Israel 2007 80
justice 2003 311–12
West African armed groups 2006 265–6
war economies, disarmament 2003 300–1
war profits, disarmament 2003 300–1
War on Terror 2004 66
see also terrorism
effect on stockpiles 2003 60–2
transfers, to Nepal 2003 97
Yemen 2003 182
War Tribunals 2002 177
warehousing and handling agents 2010 44
Warhol, Andy 2005 142, 2005 143
warlords
Afghanistan 2009 285, 2009 290–1
Georgia 2003 202–4
paramilitaries 2001 72
Somalia 2007 92–4
368
transfers to non-state actors 2007 133
warning shots, policing 2004 219
Warsaw Treaty Organisation (WTO) 2001 34
Washington, D.C. (United States), homicide rate 2007 165
Wassenaar Arrangement (WA) 2005 109–10
Best Practice Guidelines for Exports of Small Arms and Light Weapons 2007 25–6, 2009
62, 2009 63, 2009 69, 2009 82, 2009 91
Best Practices to Prevent Destabilising Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW)
through Air Transport 2010 47, 2010 48–9
brokering 2004 149, 2004 155
categories of weapons 2004 116, 2004 118
diversion prevention 2008 161
Elements for Export Controls of Man-Portable Air Defence Systems (MANPADS) (2003)
2007 28, 2009 146
end-use assurances 2002 249, 2002 251, 2002 252
intellectual property rights 2007 24, 2007 25–6
licensed production, MANPADS 2007 28
light weapons 2005 125, 2005 127
MANPADS 2004 92, 2004 93, 2005 123, 2005 127–8, 2005 130–8, 2007 28
monitoring 2004 252
Munitions List (ML) 2005 102, 2009 66–7
ammunition data 2010 10
re-export provisions 2009 83
transparency of transfers 2004 114, 2004 115, 2004 253, 2005 110
Watson, Ronnie 2001 117
WCO see World Customs Organization
wealth
civilian holdings 2007 57–60, 2007 61–2
urban violence 2007 167
young men and small arms 2006 301, 2006 302, 2006 303–4, 2006 306
weapons collection programmes 2002 5, 2002 7, 2002 279–317
Aceh 2009 256
Afghanistan 2009 292–3, 2009 295
Albanian National Liberation Army 2002 89
Argentina 2002 307–10
Australia 2009 166, 2009 167–9
Balkans 2001 177
Bougainville 2003 303
Brazil 2009 166, 2009 169–71
Burundi 2007 203–7
Cambodia 2006 123–5
Colombia 2006 232–3, 2006 233–4
destruction programmes 2002 73
development 2003 155
effect of war on terror 2003 60–2
European unregistered firearms 2003 70
Georgia 2003 191–2, 2003 203–5
369
Kosovo 2009 124, 2009 125
lessons learned 2002 303–11
Liberia 2009 124, 2009 125
municipal armed violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 2007 181, 2007 185–8
national control of civilian ownership 2002 267
NGOs 2002 243
norms 2003 231
peace process disarmament 2003 277–316
phases 2002 286–97
programmes 1989–2001 2002 302
recirculation 2006 248
record-keeping 2009 122–8
Republic of the Congo 2003 255–73, 2009 124, 2009 125
Solomon Islands 2003 303, 2009 166, 2009 174–5
South Africa 2009 166, 2009 176–7
United Kingdom 2009 166, 2009 171–4
West African armed groups 2006 259–61, 2006 264–5
Weapons for Development projects
see also Arms for Development
Papua New Guinea 2006 183
post-conflict security 2009 233, 2009 240
West Africa 2006 259
weapons identification
import marks 2009 118–20
manufacturers’ marks 2009 114–16
serial numbers 2009 116–18, 2009 130
weapon models 2009 111–14
weapons lotteries, post-conflict security 2009 233, 2009 240
‘weapons priming effect’, young men and small arms 2006 307–8
weapons reduction programmes 2005 72–6, 2005 267–93
see also disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration; weapons collection
ammunition 2005 29–30
Central African Republic 2005 323–7
history of 2005 279–80
incentives 2005 280–3
Kosovo gun culture 2005 206
measuring success 2005 284–5
municipal armed violence reduction programmes 2007 179, 2007 180, 2007 181, 2007
185–8
Papua New Guinea 2006 166, 2006 183, 2006 184
post-conflict 2005 267–8, 2005 275–89
shortcomings 2005 283–9
West Africa 2006 248
young men and small arms 2006 310–13
weapons use, international humanitarian law 2007 132
Weapons-free Village (WFV) campaign (Solomon Islands) 2006 153, 2006 156, 2006 157
Weiss, Taya 2006 143
370
Wellford, Charles F. 2006 143
Wendt, Rainer 2007 51
West Africa
armed groups 2002 81–2, 2006 247–67
countries of 2001 259
illicit transfers 2001 171–3, 2003 118–19
Moratorium 2001 258–61
peace operations, disarmament 2003 292
stockpiles 2002 81–2, 2003 82–3
West African Air Services 2008 117
West African Moratorium 2001 258–61, 2002 246, 2005 125
West Bank
insurgent weapons, 2002 update 2002 90–4
Israeli stockpiles 2003 77, 2003 78
non-state actors
foreign government support for 2002 130
illicit transfers to 2002 131
West Nile Bank Front (WNBF) 2006 282
West Papua
illicit transfers to 2001 184
insurgent firearms 2002 98
West Papua Independence Movement see Organisasi Papua Merdeka
West Side Boys (WSB) (Sierra Leone) 2006 249
West Timor, killing of UN staff 2001 228
Western Australia (Australia)
civilian firearms
prohibited and restricted 2011 269
use regulation 2011 284
user regulation 2011 276
Western Cape (South Africa)
gangs
gun ownership 2010 112, 2010 113, 2010 115
membership 2010 106, 2010 107, 2010 108
Western Cartridge Co. (WCC) (United States) 2007 305
Western Equatoria (Sudan) 2007 325
Western Europe
firearm homicides and suicides 2008 219
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 261
private security companies, armed 2011 114, 2011 115
violence and crime 2004 175, 2004 176, 2004 177, 2004 178, 2004 179, 2004 200
Western Sahara
MANPADS attacks on aircraft 2008 13
non-state actors, foreign government support for 2002 130
production 2002 19
WFP see World Food Programme
WFSA see World Forum on the Future of Sport Shooting Activities
WFV see Weapons-free Village campaign
371
WGWR see Working Group for Weapons Reduction
white army (South Sudan) 2007 326, 2007 334–6
White Eagle forces (Georgia) 2003 197
‘White Helmets of the United Naciones’ 2010 220
WHO see World Health Organization
willingness-to-pay (WTP) method, costs of small arms violence 2003 133, 2006 192, 2006 196,
2006 197
Wilson, Edwin 2001 103, 2001 104
Winchester 2001 24
Winchester Ammunition 2004 11–12
Winchester Olin (United States/Belgium) 2003 15, 2004 27
licensed production 2007 18
Windoek (Namibia), carjackings 2007 172
WNBF see West Nile Bank Front
Wojong, Simon 2007 334
Wolf Bullets (Canada) 2001 27
women
see also girls
in armed groups 2010 191, 2010 195, 2010 201
basic needs 2002 172
disarmament campaigns 2006 315, 2006 316
effects of small arms misuse 2003 147–8
firearm homicides, United Kingdom 2002 271
forced recruitment 2002 171
sexual violence 2002 172
South Sudan 2007 338
victimization of
Colombia 2006 228, 2006 239
Papua New Guinea 2006 171, 2006 172, 2006 179, 2006 180, 2006 182
Uganda 2006 288
violence against 2009 196
violence in refugee camps 2002 169
weapons collection and destruction programmes, Brazil 2002 284
young men and small arms 2006 301, 2006 302, 2006 306, 2006 315
Working Group for Weapons Reduction (WGWR) (Cambodia) 2002 296, 2006 119, 2006 124,
2006 130, 2006 131, 2006 132
World Bank
Aceh studies 2009 251
Central African Republic 2005 310–11, 2005 312
DDR and weapons destruction 2003 307, 2005 267–8, 2005 277, 2005 279, 2005 287,
2005 289
disarmament and development 2003 152
economic effects of conflict 2001 231
global measures 2001 277
government effectiveness variable 2007 266
Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP), Burundi 2007
203–4
372
post-conflict 2005 269, 2005 276
post-conflict situations
definition 2009 224
second-generation security promotion 2009 237, 2009 238
study of 2009 231
Small Grants Programme for Violence Prevention 2009 238
urbanization and crime rates 2007 164
young men and small arms 2006 298–9
world cities 2007 162–3
World Customs Organization (WCO)
Harmonized System (HS) 2009 10, 2009 26, 2009 27
transportation controls 2010 54–5
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 241
World Food Programme (WFP), convoy attacked in Sudan 2010 288
World Forum on the Future of Sport Shooting Activities (WFSA)
global production of commercial firearms 2000 2002 13–14
tracing 2002 247, 2006 96, 2006 97
UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238
UN Small Arms Conference 2002 217, 2002 247
world trade in hunting and sporting firearms 2002 124, 2002 125
World Health Organization (WHO)
Armed Violence Prevention Programme 2008 292
Armed Violence Prevention Programme (AVPP) 2006 309, 2007 178
collection programmes 2004 251
conflict deaths 2005 232, 2005 235, 2005 236–7, 2005 247
costs of small arms violence 2006 208
definition of violence 2007 164
demand for small arms 2006 144
ecological model of violence 2008 211, 2008 226, 2008 228
firearm homicides and suicides 2004 201
firearm-related morbidity and mortality 2001 214–15
humanitarian operations in Somalia, attacks on 2002 192
violence definition 2008 46, 2008 212–13
Violence Prevention Alliance 2008 275
violence typology 2008 213–14
World Health Report 1998, death due to violence 2002 160
World Health Statistics Annual, firearm-related mortality rates 2002 162
World Report on Violence and Health (2002) 2008 211, 2008 224
World Shooting Federation (WSF) 2001 202
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Agreement on Government Procurement 2010 10
Vanuatu and arms trade liberalization 2002 126
World Vision 2006 144
World Wildlife Fund (WWF) 2005 310
wound ballistics 2001 240
wounded, Geneva conventions 2002 179
wounds 2005 16, 2005 23
373
WSB see West Side Boys
WSF see World Shooting Federation
WSFA see World Forum on the Future of Sport Shooting Activities
WTO see World Trade Organization
WTP see willingness-to-pay
Xe Services (formerly Blackwater) 2011 108, 2011 120, 2011 125
XM8 2006 24
XM25 Individual Airburst Weapon System 2008 24–5
XM312 heavy machine gun 2008 21–2
XM320 grenade launcher 2008 24
XREP see eXtended Range Electro-Muscular Projectile
Yakuza (Japan), gun ownership 2010 115
Yanacocha gold mine (Peru) see Minera Yanacocha
YAR see Yemen Arab Republic
years of potential life lost (YPLL) 2002 162
ratio to DALY 2002 165
Yelinek, Shimon 2004 141, 2004 164
Yemen 2003 169–88
see also People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen
civilian firearms
licences 2011 281
prohibited and restricted 2011 268, 2011 273
use regulation 2011 285
user regulation 2011 277, 2011 278
control measures, civilian holdings 2007 45
distribution of firearms 2001 66
firearm homicides 2007 45
illicit transfers from
to Sudanese Government 2001 174
to Somalia 2007 94
imports 2004 102, 2005 103
from Brazil 2004 123
from the Czech Republic 2003 109
MANPADS 2004 88
shotgun shell parts 2010 26
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 280
production 2002 19
revenge killings 2003 184, 2009 201
stockpiles 2001 63, 2002 91–2, 2003 79, 2006 37
civilian holdings 2003 79, 2005 90, 2005 91, 2007 39, 2007 45–6, 2007 47–8, 2007 50
correlation to GDP 2007 58–9
estimates 2007 53
military 2005 88
police 2005 89
Yemen Arab Republic (YAR) 2003 170, 2003 175
374
Young Patriots (Côte d’Ivoire) 2006 249
Young Volunteers (Guinea) 2006 249, 2006 252
youth 2006 295–317
see also children
armed groups in South Sudan 2007 326
armed violence 2008 219–20, 2008 286, 2009 232
definition 2009 194
demand, prices 2007 263, 2007 264, 2007 265, 2007 281, 2007 282, 2007 283
demand for small arms 2006 143, 2006 145, 2006 152
firearm homicides, Brazil 2007 233, 2007 235, 2007 238–41, 2007 247
gang prevention strategies 2010 234–8
municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 182, 2007 188
Papua New Guinea 2006 180
prices of weapons 2007 258
resilience to violence 2008 256
urban armed violence 2007 178, 2007 179, 2007 182, 2007 188
violence risk factors 2008 252–3, 2008 255–6, 2008 258–9, 2008 262, 2008 282
youth Communist organizations, Georgia 2003 197
youth groups 2010 231–3
see also gangs
YPLL see years of potential life lost
Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang 2009 252
Yugoslavia, Former Republic of (FRY)
see also Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Macedonia; Serbia and Montenegro
armed force firearms 2001 74–5, 2001 76
communal warfare 2001 78
displaced persons 2001 2002 196
diversion of weapons to Liberia 2008 121
effects of small arms 2001 200–1
exports
to Africa 2003 118
to Uganda 2007 294, 2007 296
illicit transfers from 2003 111
ant trade to Greece 2003 71
smuggling into Europe 2003 71–2
to Uganda 2007 293
to West Africa 2003 119
illicit transfers to
arms embargoes 2002 132, 2002 133, 2004 268
human rights 2004 127, 2004 128, 2004 133
Kosovo 2005 206, 2005 210, 2005 212–16, 2005 219
policing 2004 241
production
Bosnia 2003 43
licensed 2007 27
Serbia and Montenegro 2003 46
survey of producers 2001 36–8, 2002 57
375
stockpiles
destruction of surpluses 2004 60
law enforcement 2006 40, 2006 42
military 2005 77, 2006 43, 2006 44, 2006 50
security 2002 260
War Tribunals 2002 177
Yugoslavia Tribunal 2002 177, 2002 179
Yusuf, Abdullahi 2007 92, 2007 93
Zafy, Albert 2011 174–5
Zaire
see also Democratic Republic of the Congo
brokers 2001 108
illicit transfers from, to UNITA 2001 117–19, 2001 173, 2005 192
internally displaced persons 2001 225
militarization of refugee camps 2001 227
transfers to Central African Republic 2005 304, 2005 317–19
Zaklady Metalowe Dezamet (Poland) 2003 42
Zaklady Metalowe Lucznik (Poland) 2001 37, 2003 42
Zaklady Metalowe Mesko (Poland) 2003 42
Zaklady Tworzyw Sztuczynych Pronit (Poland) 2003 42
Zambia
carjackings 2007 172
firearm homicides and suicides, 1998 2001 209, 2001 233, 2001 240, 2001 241
firearm violence and crime 2004 193, 2004 194, 2004 195, 2004 196
firearms ownership 2007 172
illicit transfers from, to UNITA 2001 119, 2002 132
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 280
transfers to, human rights 2004 127
Zamfara State Vigilante Service (ZSVS) (Nigeria) 2006 249
Zastava Arms Company (Serbia) 2001 38, 2003 47, 2004 103, 2004 144, 2009 108, 2009 114
licensed production 2007 27
Zastava Oruje (Serbia and Montenegro) 2005 56
Zavody Vseobecneho Strojarstva (ZVS) (Slovakia) 2003 43
Zbrojovka Arms (Czech Republic) 2003 40
ZDI see Zimbabwe Defence Industries
Zimbabwe
alleged arms embargo violations, 2001 2002 132
DDR and weapons reduction 2005 290
exports 2001 148, 2004 130
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108–9
firearm violence and crime 2004 193
imports 2006 69
irresponsible transfers to 2007 107
MANPADS attacks on aircraft 2008 13
policing, political manipulation 2004 232
prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 280
376
production
global ranking of countries 2001 16
light weapons 2008 35
survey of producers 2001 40, 2001 41, 2001 53, 2002 57
Zimbabwe Defence Industries (ZDI) 2001 41, 2001 108, 2003 261, 2003 263
Zomi Re-Unification Organization (ZRO) (India), weapon-related commitments 2010 318
ZRO see Zomi Re-Unification Organization
ZSVS see Zamfara State Vigilante Service
Zug massacre (Switzerland) (2001) 2002 266, 2007 54
Zulu militias (Republic of the Congo) 2003 260
Zvinavashe, General Vitalis 2001 108, 2001 109
ZVS see Zavody Vseobecneho Strojarstva
Zwischenstadt (‘cities without cities’) 2007 169