Small, high specific Energy Power Sources for Medium ......Small, high specific Energy Power Sources for Medium Caliber Fuzes 57th Annual Fuze Conference July th30 , 2014 Harald Wich

Small, high specific Energy Power Sources

for Medium Caliber Fuzes

57th Annual Fuze Conference

July 30th, 2014

Harald Wich

Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH

Copyright Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH 2 Copyright Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH, A company of Diehl BGT Defence and Eagle Picher Technologies

Overview

Terminology

Fuze Power Requirements

How much is this

Specific Densities

What’s around

Conclusion and Future Work

Copyright Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH 3 Copyright Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH

Terminology

Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH, A company of Diehl BGT Defence and Eagle Picher Technologies

C/5

mAh

W Wh

C/5

Wh

mAh

W


C/5

Wh

mAh

W 1

Discharge Time h = C Rate

Terminology

The Electric Circuit


Lo

ad

Internal Resistance

Current

- V

olta

ge

-

Source

- V

olta

ge

-

- +

• Voltage [V] x Current [A] = Power [W]

• Power [W] x Time [s] = Energy [Ws = J]

+ Current [A] x Time [s] = Capacity [As, Ah]


What is needed for a Fuze

Power/Energy Requirement depends on

+ Complexity of Fuze

Igniter Circuit

Functions

Speed

+ Component Selection

+ Design

+ Flight Time


Hear more in # 16521



Legacy Large Caliber Fuzes


140J

364J

430J

788J

180J

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

7

7.5

8

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Po

we

r P

[W

]

Voltage U [V]



New Medium Caliber Fuzes


0.06 J 0.02 J

1 J 1.4 J

0.1 J

5J

10 J

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

0 1 2 3 4 5

Po

we

r P

[W

]

Voltage U [V]


How much is that

A few comparisons


10-3

106

103

1

A

B

F

D

E

G

H

I

Beta Batt

Atmos

1“ drop

Heat 1 cm³

Al-Cylinder 1 cm³

@ 60 mph

IG HV

C Newton


Specific Densities

Why is that so important to you?

• Power Sources are characterized by capacity

Per weight

Per volume

• Fuzes are usually restricted by volume


0.01

1

100

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

Ene

rgy

[J]

Volume [mm³)


Specific Densities

Energy vs Power

• Beta Batt

• ELDC


Energy 40 J / mm³ very high

Power 125 nW / mm³ very low

Energy 4 mJ / mm³ low

Power 125 mW / mm³ high

Example: LTC-Primary Battery


Specific Densities

C-Rate

• Tesla Roadster 56 kWh (≈ 200 MJ), max Power 215 kW 4 C

• Fuze Battery Large Cal (e.g. 500 J) 200 s (≈ 1/20 h) 20 C

Medium Cal (e.g. 5 J) 20 s (≈ 1/200 h) 200 C !

If the Battery can manage only 4 C (like a Tesla Roadster)

it needs 50 times the Capacity the Fuze requires !



What’s around

Legacy


„Baghdad Batterie“

250 BC

„Patent K. STAMM“

1925

„Duracell AR-13D“

1971


What’s around

Capacitors

+ Power Density

Energy Density; - J/mm³

How to charge

Set-Back Generators; Piezo; Electromagnetic

+ Power Density

Energy Density; < 10 μJ/mm³

Short Pulse only



What’s around

Fuze Batteries miniaturized


DEP-14103

3 J; 3 mJ/mm³

50 mW

Ø 11 mm; h 11 mm

DEP-14104

10 J; 7 mJ/mm³

75 mW

Ø 10/11 mm; h 10/13 mm

DEP-14202

100 J; 50 mJ/mm³

500 mW

Ø 10/20 mm; h 3/11 mm


What’s around

A novel solution

in barrel heating

• Converter + Heat Source aerodynamic heating

pyrolants (fuel)

Thermo Electric Generator


ηMax =Thot − TcoldThot

∙1 + ZM ∙ T − 1

1 + ZM ∙ T +TcoldThot

E = P (t)

∞

°


What’s around

TEPS

• High Energy Density Fuel 4 J/mm³

• High burning Temperature

• Independent of operating

Temperature (∆-principle)



What’s around

TEPS

• Max Power at Start

• Longer Power than Set-Back

Easy charge of

Small capacitor

• High Energy Density

• Independent of Spin



What’s around

TEPS

• Easy to scale Voltage, Energy, Life-Time, Size


DEP-15001

100 mJ; 100 μJ/mm³

100 mW

Ø 12.6 mm; h 12.5 mm

DEP-15030

200 mJ; 120 μJ/mm³

200 mW

Ø 17 mm; h 12.5 mm

DEP-15060

2000 mJ; 650 μJ/mm³

1000 mW

Ø 23.6 mm; h 12.5 mm


Conclusion and Future Work

+ Two new Product Lines of small Fuze Power Supplies

+ Meet all known Requirements

+ Significant increased Energy Density

+ Excellent Power Density

+ Spinning and Non-Spinning

Future work

• Manufacturability

• Live-Firing

• Qualification


Thank you for your attention!

Questions?


Diehl & Eagle Picher Contact

How to Contact us

• Presenter Harald Wich

• Mail Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH

Fischbachstrasse 20

90552 Roethenbach a d Pegnitz

Germany

• Phone +49-911-957-2073

• Fax +49-911-957-2485

• Email [email protected]

• Web www.battery.de

Documents

Small, high specific Energy Power Sources for Medium ......Small, high specific Energy Power Sources for Medium Caliber Fuzes 57th Annual Fuze Conference July th30 , 2014 Harald Wich