Technology Briefing

By Santhosh N

(1SS04TE039)VIII sem

What Is Smart Dust?

• Consists of tiny, wireless sensors or “motes”

• Motes communicate with one another and use a computer chip to process sensor data

Basic Hardware

Multifunctional Mote and its Elements

Smart dust: passive transmission

DownlinkLaser

Uplink

CCD Corner-Cube

Uplink

DataIn

Data

ImageSensor

Retroreflector

DataIn

Photo-

DownlinkDataOut

detector

Base-StationTransceiver

DustMote

Signal Selectionand Processing

UplinkData ...

OutNOut1

Array

UnmodulatedInterrogation

ModulatedReflected

ModulatedDownlinkDataor

BeamforUplink

BeamforUplink

Lens

Lens

Battery • SIZE OF BATTERY

AND POWER MANAGEMENT

– Several functional states.

• Low state-transition overhead

• Deep-sleep, Sleep, On

• Provide different Q OS.

• Power Management

– Power measurement.

– Power budget allocation.– Control transitions between

different power states.

COTS or Berkeley Motes

MICA 2.

•Runs on TinyOS•ATMEL Atmega 128 Processor •8-bit microcontrollor, 8MHz clock• 4KB EEPROM, 4KB RAM, 128KB flash memories• radio communication, 500-1000ft max range.

Smart Dust Today

MICA2

MICA2DOT

$40 to $150 each (depends on purchase volume)

Image Source: www.xbow.com

Smart Dust Tomorrow

Motes will be

• tiny

• inexpensive

• long lasting

IMAGINE THE SIZE!!

Price of motes

0

1

2

3

4

5

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022

Year

Pri

ce

pe

r M

ote

($

) -

Es

tim

ate

Estimate Based on Intel Research Report “Sensor Nets/RFID” (www.intel.com)

Smart dust applications• Environmental monitoring.

– Insects.– Meteorological phenomena.

• Special operations.

Field Application – Monitoring Onboard Machinery

Purpose:• Predict machinery failure

Implementation:• 160 motes near ship’s

pumps, compressors, and engines

• Motes look for unusual vibration or motion

Challenge:• Harsh marine

environment

Scenario 1 - Forest Fire Detection

• Usage• A mote that detects a fire

notifies central monitoring station

• The mote’s location is the approximate location of the fire.

• Implementation• Drop smart dust from an

airplane• Motes self-organize into a

network

Image Sources: http://science.nasa.gov,USDA Forest Service - www.fs.fed.us

Scenario 2 – Spotting Pipe Corrosion

BenefitsInspect pipes without crawling in tight spacesNo need to remove insulation to inspect pipeUp to date status

Image Source: gettyimages.com

Scenario 3 - Streetlight Maintenance

• With Motes:• Firm can identify non-

working lights without a physical survey

• Benefits:• Avoid labor and

transportation costs of physical surveys

• Repairs can be organized in a more systematic manner

Image Sources: www.gettyimages.com

Space research

Implementation• Introduce motes into

the surface of the planet. Observe the sensed signals & determine the characteristics.

Issues

• Privacy• Security• Standards• Environmental

Image Sources: www.faxsuperstore.com, gettyimages.com

ADVANCED APPLICATIONS

♦Ecological Habitat Monitoring♦Structural Monitoring♦Biomedical Applications-Artificial retina♦weather/seismological monitoring on Mars♦Internal spacecraft monitoring♦Weapons stockpile monitoring♦Product quality monitoring

DISADVANTAGES

♦May disturb the ecological balance

♦It may affect the privacy of people

♦National security may be affected

♦complex circuitry needs skilled operators.

♦incorrect operation of motes may lead to huge problems in medical applications.

♦Protection of motes from external environment is challenging.

Conclusion

• Smart dust is available today

• Cost may be reduced by mass production.• We can expect motes in almost all the fields in

future, thanks for scientists who achieved this.

References & Links• I. F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and

E. Cayirci. Wireless Sensor Networks:A Survey. Computer Networks, 38(4):393–422, March 2002.

• http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust• www.gettyimages.com• www.smartdust.com• www.wikipidia.com

THANK YOU

QUESTIONS?