Smart Grid Definitions, Visions and Ongoing Projects · 2010. 6. 9. · Smart Grid Definitions, Visions and Ongoing Projects JAPAN, April 23 rrdd WouterWouter Haerick Haerick, PhD,

Smart Grid Definitions,Smart Grid Definitions,Visions and Ongoing ProjectsVisions and Ongoing ProjectsVisions and Ongoing ProjectsVisions and Ongoing Projects

JAPAN, April 23JAPAN, April 23rdrd

WouterWouter HaerickHaerick, PhD, PhD

University of Ghent University of Ghent –– IBBT, BelgiumIBBT, Belgium

SMART POWER GRID SMART POWER GRID –– The landscape The landscape

Communication Network

and Distributed Services

Storyline TutorialStoryline Tutorial

Smart Power Grids?

The larger picture: Sustainability

Smart Grid ICT Architectures

Smart Grid Standards and Architectures

MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION

CURRENTCURRENTSmart Grid Standards and Architectures

Smart Grid Products

Smart Grid: European projects

End-users may not like the Smart Grid

CURRENTSOLUTIONSCURRENT

SOLUTIONS

CHALLENGESCHALLENGES

END-USEREND-USER

Smart Power Grids: A definitionSmart Power Grids: A definition

Smart Power Grid = Traditional Power Grid + Smart ICT control services

Meter Meter

Meter Submeter

LESS ENERGY

ICTControl

Services

HIGH LOAD

GREENENERGY

Around the globe, the short term motivation differs Around the globe, the short term motivation differs ……

USA:

ReliabilityIssues

USA:

ReliabilityIssues

Europe:

20/20/20

Green energyintroducesbottlenecks

in energy grid

Europe:

20/20/20

Green energyintroducesbottlenecks

in energy gridIssues(outages cost

150B/year)

Under-investment

Security of supply

Issues(outages cost

150B/year)

Under-investment

Security of supply

Limited control in energy grid

Limited control in energy grid

Japan:

Few players,little lecacy

Turnkey-approach

Japan:

Few players,little lecacy

Turnkey-approach

Around the globe, Around the globe, longlong--term goal is sustainabilityterm goal is sustainability

Lower our CO2 footprint with renewable energy sources


Lower our CO2 footprint with renewable energy sources


Increase energy-efficiency

2010 – 2030: >20% increase of electricity demand(without considering uptake of electrical vehicles)

Source: OECD/IEA World Energy Outlook 2004


Manage CO2 footprintManage increasing

energy demand

Source: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

EFFICIENCY AFFORDABLE GREEN

Current human energy use


� Solar and wind are largest source for renewable energy

� Solar: 6 000 times current energy demand

� Wind: 60 times current energy demand

� However,� However,

� These sources suffer from fluctuations and geogr. distribution

� Energy storage is needed, and a more capable energy grid

� Cost per kWh needs to decrease

Renewable energy: challenges to furhter reduce costsRenewable energy: challenges to furhter reduce costs

Also consider storage cost + transport cost! � ICT

ICT as enabler ICT as enabler to minimize costs, and optimize profitsto minimize costs, and optimize profits

Minimize storage

Optimize car charging

Optimize consumption(efficiency, green, real-time cost, demand response)

Aggregate

distributed generation

What is demand response?

ICT as enabler ICT as enabler for Demand Responsefor Demand Response

• Voluntary, temporary adjustment of power demand by end-user or counter-party in response to market signal (e.g. price, emergency, etc.)

• Two main forms

– Direct Load Control

– Price Response– Price Response

• Enabling technology � automation(rule-based)

• Still subject to human behavior

– Even with automation, overrides possible

Image source: GDF Suez

FLEXIBLE DEMAND

NEEDED

ICT as ICT as enablerenabler forfor DemandDemand ResponseResponse

V f

High

LowSupply Demand


Smart Power Grids: Why (now)?






Smart Grid Products




SOLUTIONS


END-USEREND-USER

Smart Grid ICT ArchitecturesSmart Grid ICT Architectures

Currently, closed solutions to control parts of energy grid

1. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)

2. EMS (Energy management systems)

� not based on standards (multiple protocols)

� Limited visibility: e.g. only energy transmission network,

or substations

There is a need for an OPEN architecture:- OPEN in terms of standard interfaces- OPEN in terms of players/actors


Smart Grid Domains

Market

Services

Market

Services

Grid

Quality

Services

Grid

Quality

Services

Green

Efficiency

Services

Green

Efficiency

Services

Source: IEC (http://www.iec.ch/zone/smartgrid/grid_about.htm)

Energy ProvisioningEnergy Provisioning

ServicesServicesServicesServices


Smart Power Grid Networks

� Open architecture� Open architecture


Last Mile Architectures

Substation

Feeder

Datacenter

GPRSConcentrator

GPRSConcentrator Database

-Single-point-of-failure

-Concentrator in LV-substation (longer distances)

-Lifetime of GPRS (heat, electro-magnetic field)

Home A Home E



Substation

Feeder

Powerline

Communication

Substation

DatacenterDatabase

GWG

W

G

W

Wired Internet (DSL, cable)Wireless Internet (GPRS, WiMax)

IP

IPArchitecture

EANDIS/Belgium



Substation

Feeder

WIRELESS

(WiFi)

Substation

DatacenterDatabase

GWG

W

G

W

Wired Internet (DSL, cable)Wireless Internet (GPRS, WiMax)

IP

IPArchitecture

EANDIS/Belgium


Home Architectures

Efficient EnergyHome Box

Advanced

Renewables

Internet

LAN

Ethernet over

DynamicSystemsControl

DataManagement Distributed

Generationand Storage

Plug-In HybridsSmartEnd-UseDevices

AdvancedMetering

Based on figure from Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)

ControlInterface

Ethernet over Powerline (PLC) / WIFI

ZigBee

Smart Grid ICT StandardsSmart Grid ICT Standards


External

Enterprise

Metering System

Portal

Retailers

Aggregators

Regulators

Customers

Providers

MDMS

CIS/Billing

OMS

WMS

EMS/DMS

Internet Protocols

World-Wide Web

ebXML

IEC 60870-6 ICCP

IEC 61970

IEC 61968

Web Services

Multispeak

Message Buses

SONET WDM ATM

Example

Members

Example

Technologies

HAN

Field

LAN

WAN

Meter / Gateway

Collector

Normal

ProgramCritical

Peak EventEmergency

Stage 1Emergency

Stage 2 Current

Temp

$

Stat

us

NORMAL

PEND

INGACTIVE

OV

ER-RID

E!03/03/2007

8:48amProgr

am: AW

AY

Routers

Towers

Ground Stations

Repeaters

Rings

Relays

Modems

Bridges

Access Points

Insertion Points

Thermostats

In-Home Displays

Smart Appliances

Field Tools

PCs

Building Automation

SONET, WDM, ATM

MPLS

Frame Relay

Satellite

Microwave

IEC 61850

DNP3

WiMAX

BPL / PLC

Wireless Mesh

ADSL

Cellular

Cable (DOCSIS)

ZigBee

WiFi

LonWorks

BACnet

HomePlug

OpenHAN


International

The landscape of involved standardization bodies

European

National

NIST

(US)


Mandatory requirements from EU governements

Law

DirectiveEssential

requirements

MANDATORY

requirements

European standards

Professional goodpractice

VOLUNTARY

EU Mandate M/441

(CEN, CENELEC, ETSI)

IEC Smart Grid Strategic Group 3


EU Mandate M/441 Standardisation Area

Smart Grid ICT Products/SolutionsSmart Grid ICT Products/Solutions

Some facts, figures, forecasts, …

GridPoint, SilverSpring


Source: Market Research ZPRYME.com

x 2x 2


Advanced Metering Infrastructure

3000 MW

=30 peak-power plants

Utility Data Management Systems

……

Home Area Network PHEV








Smart Grid Products




SOLUTIONS


END-USEREND-USER

European projects/initiativesEuropean projects/initiatives

Research challenges related to smart power grids:

- Integration of large-scale stochastic (uncertain) renewable generation

- Impact of massive number of distributed PV panels on LV-segment

(voltage increase, synchronisation, increased losses)

- Integration of (electric) energy storage: cost, capacity, level

- Integration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (high load)

- Energy-saving and cost-saving potential of demand response and load/generation aggregation: selling stable profiles, flex

- Autonomous services deployed as a cloud service (privacy)

- Reliability of the smart power grid (what in case of failures)

- Interoperability and openness of the smart grid

- Microgrids, safety and power routing


European

Industrial

Initiative

Industry

European

Research Area

Financing

European

Energy

Research

Alliance

Research

European

Institute of

Innovation &

Technology

Education

NATIONAL INITIATIVES


Smart Cities Initiatives (EII)


European

Industrial

Initiative

Industry

European

Research Area

Financing

European

Energy

Research

Alliance

Research

European

Institute of

Innovation &

Technology

Education



European

Industrial

Initiative

Industry

European

Research Area

Financing

European

Energy

Research

Alliance

Research

European

Institute of

Innovation &

Technology

EducationEERA



European

Industrial

Initiative

Industry

European

Research Area

Financing

European

Energy

Research

Alliance

Research

European

Institute of

Innovation &

Technology

Education



DEHEMS

Electrical VehicleE-LAAD.nleMobilityEDISONCABLESmart Grid

META-PV

LINEAR

SMART-E Research CentresSmart Grid

Knowledge and InnovationCommunities

(EIT-KIC)








Smart Grid Products




SOLUTIONS


END-USEREND-USER

Smart Grid and endSmart Grid and end--usersusers

� Autonomous Systems

� Energy-Efficiency

� Future generations

New

Equiment

=

Expensive

Green

Energy

=

Expensive

Active

Involvement

???

Questions?Questions?

Wouter Haerick, PhD, MBA

IBBT – Ghent University – IBCN

BELGIUM

[email protected]

Prof. Filip De Turck / Prof. Chris Develder

IBBT

Research on ICT aspects

of Smart Power Grids

and Green ICT


Backup graph


Multi-home

services

Based on figure from Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)

Smart Grid ActivitiesSmart Grid Activities

ISO IECInternational

standards-

developing

organizations

National

Organizations

Trade, technical,

JTC 1

ANSI(US) EIA/CEMA IEEEASHRAE

ITU JTC 1 WG 25

ASHRAEANSI C12

ISA

CENELEC

Trade, technical,

and government

Consortia and

user groups

SAE

UCA

International

Zigbee

AllianceAEIC Meter

Group

BACnet™

Users

IEC 61970/68

CIM Users

IEC 61850

UsersOpen AMI

AHAM

Utility AMI Open HAN

BACnet™

Mfrs

ASHRAE

SSPC 135 UIWGANSI C12

Series

EPRI IWG

IETF

Other Projects

NIST

RD&DProjects

EPRI ProjectsCEC Projects DOD ProjectsDOE Projects

Demand ResponseDemand Response

• Voluntary, temporary adjustment of power demand by end-user or counter-party in response to market signal (e.g. price, emergency, etc.)

• Three basic forms

– Direct Load Control

– Price Response– Price Response

– Interruptible Tariff

• Enabling technology � automation �ubiquity � DR magnitude & reliability

• Still subject to human behavior

– Even with automation, overrides possible

– Persistence a question

Image source: GDF Suez

Demand ResponseDemand Response

FLEXIBLE DEMAND

NEEDED

V f

High

LowSupply Demand

Documents

Smart Grid Definitions, Visions and Ongoing Projects · 2010. 6. 9. · Smart Grid Definitions, Visions and Ongoing Projects JAPAN, April 23 rrdd WouterWouter Haerick Haerick, PhD,