Smart Grid Scrolls

8/8/2019 Smart Grid Scrolls

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Ajay Kumar Garg Engin e ering

College Ghaziabad

Synopsis O n

Smart Grid

TeamName:BackAgain

Submitted By:

Marut Awasthi

Ateev Kumar


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Ashima Jain

INDEX Introduction

Origin Working Merits

Future Grids Setting of Power Grids Smart grid functions


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INTRODUCTION

The smart grid is a simple upgrade of 20th century power grids

which generally "broadcast" power from a few central power

generators to a large number of users, to instead be capable of

routing power in more optimal ways to respond to a very wide

range of conditions, and to charge a premium to those that use

energy during peak hours.

It is the integration of communications networks with the power

grid in order to create an electricity-communications superhighway

capable of monitoring its own health at all times, alerting officials

immediately when problems arise, and automatically taking

corrective actions that enable the grid to fail gracefully and prevent

a local failure from cascading out of control.

It delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digitaltechnology with two-way communications to control appliances

at consumers' homes to save energy, reduce cost and increase

reliability and transparency.

It overlays the electrical grid with an information and net metering

system.

It also incorporates the use of superconductive transmission lines

for less power loss,as well as the capability of integrating renewableelectricity such as solar and wind.

In general, smart grid technology can be grouped into five

key areas:

Integrated communications

Sensing and measurement

Smart meters

Phasor measurement units

Advanced components


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THE ORIGIN OF SMART GRIDThe Smart Grids European Technology Platform for ElectricityNetworks of the Future began its work in 2005. Its aim was toformulate and promote a vision for the development of Europeselectricity networks looking towards 2020 and beyond.

Smart Grids mission is to create a shared vision which:

Enables Electricity grids to meet the challenges andopportunities of the 21st century.

Fulfils the expectations of the society.

Strengthens the business context for the electricity sector and itsinternational opportunities.

What a Smart Grid is?

The function of an Electrical grid is not a single entity but an

aggregate of multiple networks and multiple power generation

companies with multiple operators employing varying levels of

communication and coordination, most of which is manually

controlled. Smart grids increase the connectivity, automation and

coordination between these suppliers, consumers and networks that

perform either long distance transmission or local distribution tasks.

Transmission networks move electricity in bulk over medium to

long distances, are actively managed, and generally operate from

345kV to 800kV over AC and DC lines.

Local networks traditionally moved power in one direction,

"distributing" the bulk power to consumers and businesses via

lines operating at 132kV and lower.

This paradigm is changing as businesses and homes begin

generating more wind and solar electricity, enabling them to sell

surplus energy back to their utilities. Modernization is necessary for

energy consumption efficiency, real time management of power

flows and to provide the bi-directional metering needed to

compensate local producers of power.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_gridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_distributionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVDChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_meteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_distributionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVDChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_meteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_grid


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HOW DOES THE SMART GRID WORK?

The Smart Grid updates the existing power grid to employ real-time,

two-way communication between power suppliers and their

residential, commercial and industrial customers. Power suppliers

provide their customers with pricing information that is based onelectricity demand for a given period during the day. Customers use

that information to guide power usage.

Smart grid functions

Be able to heal itself

Motivate consumers to actively participate in operations of the grid

Resist attack

Provide higher quality power that will save money wasted from outages

Accommodate all generation and storage options

Enable electricity markets to flourish

Run more efficiently

Enable higher penetration of intermittent power generation sources

MERITS

More stable power provided by smart grid technologies will

reduce downtime and prevent high losses.

Intelligence in distribution grids will enable small producers to

generate and sell electricity at the local level using alternative

sources such as rooftop-mounted photo voltaic panels, small-

scale wind turbines, and micro hydro generators.

A smart grid can optimize capital assets while minimizing

operations and maintenance costs The increased efficiency and reliability of the smart grid is

expected to save consumers money and help reduce CO2

emissions.

The real-time, two-way communications available in a smart

grid will enable consumers to be compensated for their efforts

to save energy and to sell energy back to the grid through net-

metering.


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Smart Grids: Enhancing grid flexibility & robustness

Create a toolbox of proven technical solutions that can be deployedrapidly and cost-effectively, enabling existing grids to accept powerinjections from distributed energy resources without contravening

critical operational limits (such as voltage control, switchingequipment capability and power flow capacity);

Establish interfacing capabilities that will allow new designs of gridequipment and new automation/control arrangements to besuccessfully interfaced with existing, traditional, grid equipment;

Ensure harmonization of regulatory and commercial frameworks inEurope to facilitate cross-border trading of both power and gridservices (such as reserve power, for instance Nordic hydropower),

ensuring that they will accommodate a wide range of operatingsituations without creating perverse incentives or other unintendedconsequences;

Develop information, computing and telecommunication systemsthat enable businesses to utilize innovative service arrangements toimprove their efficiency and enhance their services to customers.

Todays gridsare predominantly based on large central powerstations connected to high voltage transmission systems which, inturn, supply power to medium and low-voltage local distributionsystems. The transmission and distribution systems are commonlyrun by natural monopolies (national or regional bodies) under energy


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authorities control. In contrast, the generation sector is increasinglycompetitive.

There is little or no consumer participation and no end-to-endcommunications.

FUTURE GRIDS

Distribution grids will become active and will have to accommodate bi-directional power flows.


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The European electricity systems have moved to operate under the frameworkof a market model in which generators are dispatched according to market

forces and the grid control centre undertakes an overall supervisory role (activepower balancing and ancillary services such as voltage stability).

SETTING UP SMART POWER GRIDS

Electricity grids of the future are Smart in several ways. Firstly, theyallow the customer to take an active role in the supply of electricity.Demand management becomes an indirect source of generation andsavings are rewarded. Secondly, the new system offers greater

efficiency as links are set up across Europe and beyond to draw onavailable resources and enable an efficient exchange of energy. Inaddition, environmental concerns will be addressed, thanks to theexploitation of sustainable energy sources

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