SMART LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE - ijerst...Smart Locomotive Engine Using Gps System On a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful micro- controller which provides a highly-flexible

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Int. J. Engg. Res. & Sci. & Tech. 2015 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, 2015

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SMART LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE

USING GPS SYSTEM

N Lakshmipriya1*, V Balamurugan1, K Manikandan1 and V Chandra Sekar1

Rail tracking system (RTS) is an advanced method used to track and monitor any trainequipped with a sensing unit that receives and transfers signals through GPS satellite. RTSis a combination of Global Positioning System (GPS) that provides actual geographic real timeposition of each train. The entire transmission mechanism of RTS setup depends on GPSsatellite, a receiver on the train, a GSM system and controller based tracking for dispatch. TheGSM communication system is generally the same as cellular phone network. In the existingsystem passenger cant able to identify the train location. In this project we are identifying thetrain speed, location and providing message via SMS by applying GPS technique. It is veryuseful to the passenger those who are sleeping while travelling. In case of emergency whenpassenger using emergency chain, we can also indicate that in which compartment the chain ispulled.

*Corresponding Author: N Lakshmipriya

1 JAY SHRIRAM GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS,TIRUPUR.

Int. J. Engg. Res. & Sci. & Tech. 2015

Research Paper

INTRODUCTION

This project is aimed to track the vehicles that

which mean to locate the position of the train ,It

is not possible in the existing train. The location

of the train is indicated using GPS (global

positioning system) technology. Communication

link is made possible through a GPS receiver.

GPS will give the information of parameters

like longitude, latitude and attitude via SMS.Our

project also provides a voice message in each

and every compartment priorlly when the nearest

station is arrivel. In case of emergency chain

pulling indication also provided with the the help

of fixing the LCD display in the locomotive engine.

The various components in the block

diagram are mentioned below:

1. AT89S52 Microcontroller

2. Power Supply

3. Crystal Oscillator

4. Reset

5. 16x2 Liquid Crystal Display(LCD)

6. MAX 232

7. GSM Modem

8. GPS Module

Here the communication takes place between

GPS receiver and GPS satellite. GPS satellite

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Int. J. Engg. Res. & Sci. & Tech. 2015 N Lakshmipriya et al., 2015


continuously tracks the missing train and theposition of the train is send to the controllerfrom GPS receiver. train is associated withLCD display which sends the continuousinformation about the position of the train to thecontrol unit and the train position should be sendto the GSM.

The rest of the paper is as follow. In Section2, we explain the proposed setup of the systemi.e., the block diagram and its description.Section 3 explains the working of the proposedsystem. We conclude the paper in Section 4 bydescribing our accomplishments.

PROPOSED METHODThe block diagram consists of differentcomponents interfacing to a microcontroller. Theblock diagram is shown in Figure 1.

memory to be reprogrammed in-system or bya conventional nonvolatile memory programmer.By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash

Smart Locomotive Engine Using GpsSystemOn a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is apowerful microcontroller which provides ahighly-flexible and cost-effective solution to manyembedded control applications.

Features of the microcontroller:

1. It is a 8-bit microcontroller.

2. 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP)Flash Memory.

a. -Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles

3. Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz

4. 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM.

5. 32 Programmable I/O Lines.

6. Three 16-bit Timer/Counters.

7. Eight Interrupt Sources.

8. Full Duplex UART Serial Channel.

Power SupplyThe input to the circuit is applied from theregulated power supply. The microcontrollervoltage is of 5V. The A.C. input i.e., 230V fromthe mains supply is step down by thetransformer to 12V and is fed to a rectifier.The output obtained from the rectifier is apulsating D.C voltage.

In order to get a pure D.C voltage, the outputvoltage from the rectifier is fed to a filter toremove any A.C components present evenafter rectification. Now, this voltage is given to avoltage regulator to obtain a pure constant dc

PICCONTROLLER

RPS

RS232

MAX232

RESET

CRYSTALOSCILLATOR

GPS

LCD

SPEAKERIC SPEAKER

RS 232 UNIT

GSM

SERVER

Figure 1: Block Diagram

Microcontroller UnitThe AT89S52 is a low-power, highperformance CMOS 8- bit microcontroller with8K bytes of in-system programmable Flashmemory. The device is manufactured usingAtmel’s high-density nonvolatile memorytechnology and is compatible with the industrystandard 80C51 and 80C52 instruction set andpin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program

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voltage. We are using an IC 7805 as voltageregulator to get a 5V output Voltage.

Crystal OscillatorA crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillatorcircuit that uses the mechanical resonance of avibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to createan electrical signal with a very precise frequency.This frequency is commonly used to keep trackof time (as in quartz wrist watches), to providea stable clock signal for digital integratedcircuits, and to stabilize frequencies for radiotransmitters and receivers. The most commontype of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartzcrystal, so oscillator circuits designed aroundthem became known as “crystal oscillators”. Thisblock provides necessary frequency sine waveto the micro controller. This frequency isconverted to square wave within the microcontroller.

ResetControl reset is to execute the entire programcycle from beginning.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is anelectronic display module and find a wide rangeof applications. A 16x2 LCD means it can display16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines.In this JHD 16x2A LCD each character isdisplayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. The schematicdiagram of 16x2 LCD is shown in Fig.2. ThisLCD has two registers, namely, Command andData. The command register stores thecommand instructions given to the LCD. Acommand is an instruction given to LCD todo a predefined task like initializing it, clearingits screen, setting the cursor position, controllingdisplay etc. The data register stores the data to

be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCIIvalue of the character to be displayed on theLCD. Some of the LCD command codes arelisted in Table 1.

Table 1: LCD Command Codes

Features:

Code(Hex) Command to LCD Instruction Register

01 Clear display of the screen

06 Automatic increment

38 2 line 5x7 Matrix

0F Display is on and the cursor blinks

80 Force Cursor to begin from 1st line

C0 Force Cursor to begin from 2nd line

The LCD display is connected to the outputport of micro controller to display the cyclicoperations of vigilance control device.

MAX232The microcontroller can communicate with theserial devices using its single serial port. The logiclevels at which this serial port operates is TTLlogics. But some of the serial devices operate atRS 232 logic levels. So in order to communicatethe microcontroller with modem, a mismatchbetween the logic levels occurs. In order to avoidthis mismatch, in other words to match the Logiclevels, a serial driver is used. A MAX232 is a serialline driver used to establish communicationbetween modem and microcontroller. Theinterfacing of GSM modem with microcontrollerusing MAX 232 as a serial line driver is shown inFig.3. The voltage levels of Max 232 are given inTable 2.

1. Interface with either 4-bit or 8-bitmicroprocessor.

2. Display data RAM.

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3. 80x8 bits (80 characters).

4. Character generator ROM and RAM.

5. 160 different 5x7 dot-matrix character patterns.

6. 8 different users programmed 5x7 dot-matrix patterns.

7. Numerous instructions.

8. Clear Display, Cursor Home, Display ON/OFF, Cursor.

9. ON/OFF, Blink Character, Cursor Shift,Display Shift.

10. Built-in reset circuit is triggered at power ON.

Global System for Mobile communication(GSM)A GSM modem is a wireless modem that workswith a GSM wireless network. A wireless

modem behaves like a dial-up modem. Themain difference between them is that a dial-upmodem sends and receives data through a fixedtelephone line while a wireless modem sends andreceives data through radio waves. It operates ateither the 900MHz or 1800MHz frequency band.It supports voice calls and data transfer speedsof up to 9.6kbits/s, together with the transmissionof SMS (Short Message Service). The GSMModem comes with a serial interface which themodem can be controlled using AT commandinterface. The interfacing of GSM modem with themicrocontroller is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3

RS232 LineType RS232 Voltage TTL Voltage& Logic Level to/from MAX232

Data Transmission +3 V to +15 V 0V(Rx/Tx) Logic 0

Data Transmission -3 V to -15 V 5V(Rx/Tx) Logic 1

Control Signals Logic 0 -3 V(RTS/CTS/DTR/DS R) to -15 V 5V

Control SignalsLogic 1 +3 V to +15 V 0V(RTS/CTS/DTR/DS R)

Figure 3: Interfacing of GSMModem with Microcontroller

Here a GSM modem SIMCOM made SIM300V interfaced with the microcontroller operates in900MHz frequency and is operated at voltagelevels of 3.5 to 5V.

The modem is provided with network statusindication LED lamp. It is also provided withbuzzer to indicate incoming call. The GSMmodem is shown in Fig.4.

The working of GSM modem is based oncommands, the commands always start withAT (which means ATtention) and finish witha <CR> character. AT commands are used tocontrol the MODEMs. Since one of the mainobjective for this application is to show how to

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send the message, only a subset of the ATcommand set needs to be implemented. The ATcommands are given to the GSM modem.

Global Positioning System (GPS)The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellitebased PC or controller and the navigation systemthat sends and receives radio signals. A GPSreceiver acquires these signals and providesthe user with information. Using GPS technologyone can determine location, velocity and time,24 hours a day, in any weather conditionsanywhere in the world for free. GPS was formallyknown as the NAVSTAR (Navigation SatelliteTiming and Ranging). The basis of the GPStechnology is a set of 24 satellites that arecontinuously orbiting the earth. These satellitesare equipped with atomic clocks and sent outradio signals as to the exact time and location.These radio signals from the satellites arepicked up by the GPS receiver. Once the GPSreceiver locks on to four or more of thesesatellites, it can triangulate its location from theknown positions of the satellites. It is a higherperformance, low power satellite based model.It is a cost effective and portable system whichaccurately detects the location. The GPS receiverused here is Sky Traq Venus 6 GPS module

ST22 which is having TTL logics and also RS232as option. The GPS receiver is shown in Fig.5.This GPS is used to track the position of the trainafter the emergency brake is applied in order toavoid the accidents. This application is used onlyafter the train is stopped.

Figure 4: GSM Modem Prototype

Figure 5: GPS Receiver

GPS Receiver Specifications:

1. 65 channels-1Hz Update rate

2. Hot Start- 1sec

3. Baud rate- 9600bits/s

4. Operating Voltage-5Volts dc

5. O/P Format-NMEA 0183-RS232

6. Operating Temperature: -40 to +85 C

7. Sensitivity- Tracking: -160 dBm

Reacquisition: -158 dBm

Cold Start (Autonomous): -148 dBm

WORKINGSoon after applying the power supply, the namingof the project will be displayed and it waits for theinput message which can be sent from our

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mobile. An additional of an individual speaker arelocated to the train comportment and it willindicate where the train is reached by an audiomessage if a passenger in needs to find his trainwhere it is located ,so that passenger can typethe train name and train number and sends themessage to a particular number. the GPS locatedin the train receives the users request and theposition can be transferred by GPS and speed oftrain can be calculated by speed sensor. Thecapture datas can be converted into ASCLLformat and the message is again to thepassenger. In case of emergency whenpassenger using emergency chain we can alsoindicate that in which compartment the chain ispulled. In the LCD display which located inlocomotive engine.

The flow chart shown in Figure 6 gives the clearexplanation of the working of the modern vigilancecontrol device. By using this flow chart the sourcecode is developed. The source code is written inembedded C language. The map according tothe co-ordinates is as follows.

Figure 6: Flow Chart of the System

CONCLUSIONThis method of tracking a vehicle is enormousand very applicable. It is even advantageous forrail tracking to know the accurate position of thetrain. We can upgrade it for touch screen systemwhich is already running in the railways. We canimplement very widely so that every passengercan know about the train status being anywhereand he/she can be in time there.

RESULT

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REFERENCES1. ITSR (2006), Driver Safety Systems

Discussion Paper, 2006, Australia/NewSouth Wales Independent TransportSafety Regulator: Sydney, p. 32.

2. Whitlock (2002), Driver vigilance devices:

systems review (and RSSB response),Rail Safety and Standards Board/Quintec,p.105.

3. Santosh B Patil, Rupal M Walli, “Design andDevelopment of Fully Automatic AT89C52Based Low Cost Embedded System.

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SMART LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE - ijerst...Smart Locomotive Engine Using Gps System On a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful micro- controller which provides a highly-flexible