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Smart Users in the Smart City
Digital Construction Week // 18-19 October 2017
Clémentine SCHELINGS
INTRO
CONTEXTClémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
INTRO
CHALLENGECONTEXTClémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
INTRO
CHALLENGE
DEF
CONTEXT
• environment• mobility• economy• governance• living• People
(Giffinger, 2007)
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
INTRO
CHALLENGE
RESPONSE
DEF
CONTEXTClémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
INTRO
CHALLENGE
RESPONSE
DEF
CONTEXT
ISSUE
SUSTAINABILITYof the Smart City
ACCEPTABILITY of the Smart City
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
METHODOLOGY
n=43 n=68
n=14 n=56
• 4 events• 181 participants• 1 questionnaire• 2 versions
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
Q1What is your gender?☐female ☐male
What is your age group?☐18-25 ☐26-35 ☐36-45 ☐46-55 ☐56-65 ☐65+
What is your professional field?_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
Q1
30
70
WomenMen
16
2621
22
8 7
18-25 26-35 36-45 46-55 56-65 65+
38
2412
TechiesPublic servicesEducationFinanceCommunicationConsultancy
GENDER [%]
AGE [%] PROFESSION [%]
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
Q2
Please rank those 6 Smart City concepts by numberingthem from 1 to 6, 1 being the most important and 6 theless important in your opinion.
_ _ _ _ economy _ _ _ _ mobility_ _ _ _ people _ _ _ _ environment_ _ _ _ governance _ _ _ _ living
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
0204060
NUM
BER
OF
PART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
Q2
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6high position low position
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70ec
ono…
gove
r…en
viro
…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position61 2 3 4 5 6
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
Q2 ‘PEOPLE’
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6high position low position
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70ec
ono…
gove
r…en
viro
…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position61 2 3 4 5 6
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
18-2526-3536-4546-5556-65
65+
PERCENTAGE OF PARTICIPANTS
AG
E
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
18-2526-3536-4546-5556-65
65+
PERCENTAGE OF PARTICIPANTS
AG
E
Q2 ‘MOBILITY’
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6high position low position
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70ec
ono…
gove
r…en
viro
…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position61 2 3 4 5 6
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
18-2526-3536-4546-5556-65
65+
PERCENTAGE OF PARTICIPANTS
AG
E
Q2 ‘LIVING’
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6high position low position
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70ec
ono…
gove
r…en
viro
…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position61 2 3 4 5 6
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
Q2
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
general publicspecialized public
PERCENTAGE OF PARTICIPANTS
TYPE
OF
EVEN
T
‘ENVIRONMENT’
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6high position low position
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70ec
ono…
gove
r…en
viro
…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position61 2 3 4 5 6
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
techiespublic services
educationcommunication
financeconsultancy
PERCENTAGE OF PARTICIPANTS
PRO
FESS
ION
AL
FIEL
D
Q2 ‘GOVERNANCE’
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6high position low position
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70ec
ono…
gove
r…en
viro
…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position61 2 3 4 5 6
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
Q2
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
techiespublic services
educationcommunication
financeconsultancy
PERCENTAGE OF PARTICIPANTS
PRO
FESS
ION
AL
FIEL
D
‘ECONOMY’
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6high position low position
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70ec
ono…
gove
r…en
viro
…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position6
9
68
17
2621
37
13
37
27
3435
292526
19
3539
3127
2226
43
37
20
52
17
37
2723
19
49
7
49
11
20
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
econ
o…go
ver…
envi
ro…
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
CONCEPTS
RANKING
position1 position2 position3 position4 position5 position61 2 3 4 5 6
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
In which area(s) of your daily life would you be ready / notready at all to integrate a ‘smart’ component?E.g. domotics, telemedicine…Ready: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Not ready: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Q3
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
Q3 READY (39) NOT READY (19)
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
Q4In your opinion, the Smart City is…Please check only one option per line.
very rather neutral rather very
welcoming threateningutopian realisticinnovative gadgetsustainable ephemerala way to a way to makecontrol me me creative
O O O O OO O O O OO O O O OO O O O OO O O O O
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
020406080
NUM
BER
OF
PART
ICIP
AN
TS
ADJECTIVES
Q467
8
89
67
13
77
32
65
78
26
17
41
11
20
65
9
69
69
51
2
22
52
16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
NUM
BER
OF P
ART
ICIP
AN
TS
ADJECTIVES
CHARACTERIZATION
very rather neutral rather very
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
DISCUSSION
• Effect on the ranking
DOUBLE-SIDED QUESTIONNAIRE AND SENSITIZATION
1) People – Living – Environment4) Mobility5) Governance6) Economy
1) People2) Living3) Mobility4) Environment4) Governance5) Economy
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
DISCUSSION
• Effect on the characterization
DOUBLE-SIDED QUESTIONNAIRE AND SENSITIZATION
The Smart City became…… more welcoming… more creative… more sustainable… more realistic… less innovative
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
CONCLUSION• Importance of the human capital• Positive image of the Smart City• Open-mindedness towards ‘smartness’
LIMITS• Representativeness• Understanding of Giffinger’s concepts
PERSPECTIVES• Sensitization can ease Smart City perception• Quiz in the framework of an exhibition
Clémentine SCHELINGS – University of Liège – LUCID Lab for User Cognition and Innovative Design
Clémentine SCHELINGS
