SMART GRID and SOLAR POWER

Sukriti Khanna2K12/EL/087

In smart grid, there is a two way power flow which allows smaller consumers to produce electricity and feed back to the grid.

Also, there is a built in information network which monitors all parts of the electric network.

Components Phasor Measurement Units(PMUs): PMUs measure parameters like voltage and current at multiple locations across the grid and use GPS technology to give outputs with high-resolution time stamps.

Smart meter:  These are the first components of the smart grid that need to be installed in homes across the country. They're "smart" because they're hooked up to the utility's information network.

Smart appliances: Fridges, dishwashers and other devices hooked up to the utility's information network can make users aware when peak pricing is in effect. They can automatically reduce power use during peak periods, e.g., a smart dryer may turn off one of its heaters.

Smart thermostat: Thermostats and other smart energy systems can be programmed and monitored remotely via the internet.

Power generation: The smart grid will make it possible for individual customers to generate power using solar or wind energy and feed it back into the grid when they have a surplus.

Energy storage: The battery of an electric car stores energy that can theoretically be sold back to the grid at a higher price during peak times.

Factors that require of adoption of Smart Grid Technology in India:

1. Peak shortfalls: India is world's 6th largest energy consumer,. Demand for energy has grown at an average of 3.6% per annum.

2. Loss reduction: India’s aggregate transmission losses are on av. 20-27%. Adoption of smart grid has reduced losses.

3. Performance Efficiency: The smart grid an improve load factors and reduce system losses.

4. Human Error: Error in meter reading, deliberate errors, power theft, faulty meters, and poor maintenance of meter intentional damage has resulted with significant losses.

5. Peak load management: India’s supply shortfalls are during peak hours and are persisting for many years. Implementation of demand side management had allowed more “intelligent” load control.

6. Future energy: India has supported the application of renewable energy – wind energy and solar energy. Nearly 2-3% power generation is considered by renewable energy.

7. Technological leap: Perhaps the most intriguing driver for India is the potential to “leapfrog” into a new future for electricity, as it did with telecommunications.

Benefits of Integrating Solar Energy with Smart Grid1. Future energy sustainability: Renewable energies are making a significant contribution to climate protection, diversification of resources, lesser dependence on fossil resources.

2. Empowering grid in peak hours: Integration of more renewable sources, support the smart grid with real time information and substituting renewable energy sources whenever possible.

3. Energy management: Smart metering helps to adopt energy management techniques such as Demand side management at consumer level, demand response usage leads to optimum utilization and results into saving of energy.

4. Independent systems: RE systems works as isolated system during grid failure and reduces impact on customer. Industrial and commercial consumers adopt grid connected RE systems which helps to reduce power.

5. Upgrading Electrical market: Power exchange provides an electronic platform to facilitate trading of electricity at national level.

State Solar Energy Wind EnergyTamil Nadu 2MW 4132.72 MWMaharashtra 11.2MW 1837.85 MWKarnataka 10MW 1184.45 MWRajasthan 105MW 670.97 MWGujarat 654.81MW 1432.71 MWAndhra Pradesh 10MW 122.45 MWMadhya Pradesh 2MW 187.69 MW Kerala 00MW 23.00 MWWest Bengal 2MW 1.10 MWother states 35MW 3.20 MW

Ensuring a stable supply of electric power

Enhancing power distribution reliability

Response based on an understanding of demand fluctuations