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XIV INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE
MEXICAN HYDROGEN SOCIETY CANCUN 2014
By:
J. M. Sandoval Cancino, I. Domínguez Ibarvo, D. E. Pacheco Catalán, Y. Verde-Goméz, J. L. Durán Gómez
ContentIntroduction
Methodology
Converter description
Results and discussions
Conclusions
IntroductionHybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES)
Intermittency Issues
Energy Storage Systems (ESS)
Batteries
Supercapacitors (SC)
Fuel Cells(FC)
Compressed Air
Interconnection via Integrated Bi-directional FlybackConverter (IBFBC)
Hybrid Renewable Energy System
Wind
Turbine
Photovoltaic
module
DC-DC DC-DC
+24Vdc Bus
DC-DC
DC Load
Energy
management
DC Load DC-AC
AC Load
127Vac
BatteriesSupercapacitor stack
IBFBC
Figure 1. Schematic of the proposed Integrated Bi-directional Flyback
Converter topology
MethodologyDescription of proposed converter
Topology:
Bi-directional Flyback converter
Initial Data:
Vd= +24Vdc (DC Bus Voltage)
Vo= +48Vdc (Supercapacitor Maximum Voltage)
Emax= 2.48 Wh/kg (Supercapacitor Maximum Energy)
SCcap=165F
Methodology: Converter description
Transformer
N1=N2=63
Lm=2.63mH
S1 and S2 Duty Cycle (d):
d1=67%
d2=33%
Switching Frecuency:
20000Hz
Methodology: Description of proposed convert
Duty-cycle for S1 and S2 switches:
Voltage in S1 and S2 IGBT switches:
Voltage in Diodes D1 and D2:
Methodology: Converter description
Interconnection strategy
Source24V DC
BusIBFBC Supercapacitor module
Energy Management
Figure 2. Integrated Bi-directional Flyback Converter charge operation (+24Vcd-+48Vcd) D2 and S1wave forms simulation in
PSIM™
Results
0
40
80
Vdiodo 2
0
4
8
Idiodo 2
0
40
80
Vsw1
0.19465 0.1947 0.19475 0.1948 0.19485 0.1949
Time (s)
0
10
Isw 1
Vo
ltag
e(V
)V
olt
age
(V)
Cu
rren
t(A
)C
urr
ent
(A)
Figure 3. Integrated Bi-directional Flyback Converter discharge operation
(+48Vdc-+24Vdc) D1 and S2 wave forms simulation in PSIM™
Results
0
40
Vdiodo1
01
2
3Idiodo 1
0
40
80
Vsw 2
0.2796 0.27965 0.2797 0.27975
Time (s)
0
2.5
Isw 2
Vo
ltag
e(V
)V
olt
age
(V)
Cu
rren
t(A
)C
urr
ent
(A)
Results
Figure 5. S1 voltage (blue), S1 current (cyan), D2 current (pink) and 63%
Pulse Width Modulation signal (green) during charge operation.
Figure 4. 33% Pulse Width Modulation signal (blue), D1 current (cyan), S2 current (pink) and S2 voltage (green) during discharge
operation.
Results
Figure 6. Supercapacitor module 0Vdc - +48Vdc charge via the
Integrated Bidirectional Flyback Converter graphic
Results
Time (s)
Vo
ltag
e(V
)
Figure 7. +24Vdc output vs +48Vdc input control voltage response
50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30
10
15
20
25
Ou
tpu
t vo
lta
ge
(V
)
Input voltage (V)
Output voltage
Results
ConclusionsThe IBFBC is a simple bidirectional topology that
requires few components reducing costs an energy losses.
This Converter can be used to charge and discharge a
supercapacitor module with a single device.
The IBFBC becomes unstable after 13V (27%) drop in
supercapacitor terminals, and hence cannot reach deep
discharge cycles.
Further enhancements are required for better performances
and full topology potential.
AcknowledgmentsCONACYT FOMIX Qroo-2011-001-174895, under Grant BS123CONACYT No. 280955.
CICY for the movility economical support granted
SMH for the conference scholarship
Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C.
Instituto Tecnológico de Chihuahua
Instituto Tecnológico de Cancun
Dr. Ysmael Verde Gómez
M.C. Enrique Escobedo
M.C. Isaias Dominguez Ivarbo