Smoke/Tobacco-Free College Campuses: Policy Rationale and ... · •Smoke-Free means the use of cigarettes, pipes, cigars, and other ^smoke emanating products are prohibited on all

Smoke/Tobacco-Free College Campuses: Policy Rationale and Trends

ACHA 2016 Conference

San Francisco, CA

June 2, 2016

SMOKE/TOBACCO-FREE COLLEGE POLICIES

Policy Rationale

Kimberlee Homer Vagadori, MPH

June 2, 2016

Policy Definitions

Tobacco-Free Policy Rationale

Policy Recommendations

Preparing for Success(Preparing for Challenges)

Presentation Overview

• Smoke-Free means the use of cigarettes, pipes, cigars, and other “smoke” emanating products are prohibited on all campus grounds.

• Tobacco-Free means the use of cigarettes, pipes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, snus, and other tobacco products are prohibited on campus.

• Electronic cigarettes are not generally covered by 100% smoke or tobacco-free policy unless explicitly stated in the policy.

Definitions

New definitions on “tobacco products” and “smoking” from ChangeLab Solutions

“Tobacco Product” means: • Any product containing, made, or derived from tobacco or nicotine that is intended for

human consumption, whether smoked, heated, chewed, absorbed, dissolved, inhaled, snorted, sniffed, or ingested by any other means, including, but not limited to cigarettes, cigars, little cigars, chewing tobacco, pipe tobacco, snuff; and

• Any electronic device that delivers nicotine or other substances to the person inhaling from the device, including, but not limited to an electronic cigarette, cigar, pipe, or hookah.

• Notwithstanding any provision of subsections (a) and (b) to the contrary, “tobacco product” includes any component, part, or accessory of a tobacco product, whether or not sold separately. “Tobacco product” does not include any product that has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for sale as a tobacco cessation product or for other therapeutic purposes where such product is marketed and sold solely for such an approved purpose.

“Smoking” means inhaling, exhaling, burning, or carrying any lighted, heated, or ignited cigar, cigarette, cigarillo, pipe, hookah, Electronic Smoking Device, or any plant product intended for human inhalation.

Definitions

http://changelabsolutions.org/publications/revised-definitions-e-smoking

• Increase in published scientific literature on the need for and benefit of 100% smoke/tobacco-free policies

• Findings reveal a decrease in tobacco use, exposure to secondhand smoke, and littered tobacco waste


• Decreased Tobacco Use

– Evidence that workplace and public smoke-free air policies are effective in reducing smoking behavior

– 100% smoke-free campus policies (college) are an effective intervention in reducing tobacco use among college students

• During same time period, one institution with a 100% smoke-free policy saw a decrease in smoking from 16.5% to 12.8% compared to an increase from 9.5% to 10.1% at an institution with a 30-ft policy (Seo et al, 2011)

Tobacco-Free Policy RationaleTobacco-Free Policy Rationale

• Decreased Exposure to Secondhand Smoke– Secondhand smoke is a known carcinogen. The

Surgeon General has concluded there is no risk-free level of exposure to secondhand smoke.

– Stanford study on outdoor tobacco smoke concluded that secondhand smoke exposure levels can be significant near an active smoker (Klepeis et al., 2007)

– AJPH study found as policy strength increased, exposure to secondhand smoke decreased (Fallin et al., 2014)

– Establishing smoke/tobacco-free environments is the only proven way to prevent exposure


• Decrease in Littered Tobacco Waste

– Beaches saw a decrease in littered tobacco waste after the adoption of smoke-free policies

– As policy strength increases, campuses see a significant decrease in tobacco waste


• 100% Smoke/tobacco-free policies are also effective in…

– Increasing quit attempts;

– Decreasing frequency of use;

– Preventing initiation;

– Protecting workers not protected by indoor air laws; and

– Changing social norms around tobacco use.


Adoption• 100% smoke/tobacco-free, including e-cigs and other new products• Work with students, faculty, and staff to take on issues• Encourage development of a diverse task force

Implementation• Give a lot of thought and time to implementation• Involve all members of campus community in the policy process• Anticipate and prepare for challenges

Enforcement• Prioritize policy education• Recommend a multi-component enforcement plans• If possible, write-in language that allows your college to cite with

fines

Policy Recommendations

Potential Challenges…

• Smoking Off Campus

– Challenges with neighbors

– Litter on city/county streets

– Clouds of smoke at entrances/exits

– Increased fire risk in wooded areas

• City-Owned Streets

– University unable to enforce policy on streets owned by the city or county

• Individuals regularly smoke in these areas

• Compliance and Enforcement

– There is no enforcement plan

– No one wants to enforce the policy

– People are purposefully violating the policy

Prepare for Success (by preparing for challenges)

Potential Challenges Continued…• Funding and Time

– Lack of funds to pay for implementation of new policy– Limited staff time to implement policy

• Demand for Cessation– Increased demand for services with limited staff– Fewer services for staff and faculty

• Support for policy– Advocates have graduated – Other issues appear to be more important – Individuals have lost their energy around the issue

• International students and faculty– Higher rates of tobacco use– Unclear of policy– Limited access to cessation services

Prepare for Success (by preparing for challenges)

Coming Soon….

Tobacco-Free College Campus Initiative (TFCCI)

June 2, 2016

Emily Claymore, MPHU.S. Department of Health & Human Services,

Region IX

Smoke vs. Tobacco-Free

WHAT ARE ENDS?

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Spring 2008 Spring 2009 Spring 2010 Spring 2011 Spring 2012 Spring 2013 Spring 2014 Spring 2015 Spring 2016

Policy includes ENDS 100% Tobacco-Free 100% Smoke-Free

9/2009: ACHA Tobacco Position

Statement

11/2011: Updated ACHA Tobacco

Position Statement

9/2012: Tobacco Free College Campus Initiative (TFCCI)

Source: Americans for Non-Smokers’ Rights Foundation (ANRF)(ANRF’s historical lists may not show trends accurately)

National Trend

National Snapshot

1,483 Smoke and Tobacco Free Policies

(April 4, 2014)

1,483 Smoke and Tobacco Free Policies

(April 4, 2014)

Source: ANRF

24% Smoke-Free

76% Tobacco-Free

45% Do Not Prohibit ENDS

55% Prohibit

ENDS

Source: ANRF; Truth Initiative

National Snapshot

1,483 Smoke and Tobacco Free

Policies (April 4, 2014)

21% Associate Degree

Institutions(2-YR)

79% Bachelor’s Degree

Institutions(4-YR)

Region IX

Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada

Region IX Snapshot

Source: ANRF; California Youth Advocacy Network (CYAN); Tobacco Free College Campus Initiative (TFCCI)

187 public 4-year and 2-year degree granting schools

Region IX Snapshot

Source: ANRF; CYAN; TFCCI

70 Institutions(37%)

117 Institutions

(63%)

70 Smoke or Tobacco–Free Policies 117 Non-comprehensive Policies

Source: Americans for Non-Smokers’ Rights Foundation; California Youth Advocacy Network; Tobacco Free College Campus Initiative

70 Smoke or Tobacco–Free Policies 117 Non-comprehensive Policies

4-YR20 Institutions

(47% of all 4-yrs)

50 Institutions(34% of all 2-yrs)

22 institutions

95 institutions

Region IX Snapshot

2-YR


Region IX Snapshot

70 Smoke or Tobacco–Free Policies


Region IX Snapshot

15 Schools

(21%)

55 SchoolsTobacco-

Free Policy (79%)



Region IX Snapshot

4-YR

2-YR

90% have Tobacco-Free policy

74% have Tobacco-Free policy



Region IX Snapshot70 Smoke or Tobacco–Free Policies


Region IX Snapshot

13 SchoolsDon’t Include ENDS (19%)

57 SchoolsInclude

ENDS(81%)



Region IX Snapshot

4-YR

2-YR

85% of policies prohibit ENDS

80% of policies prohibit ENDS


Region IX Snapshot

Arizona(25)

California(145)

HI(10)

NV(7)

Region IX Snapshot

Arizona(55%)

California(36%)

HI(20%)

NV(14%)

Smoke or Tobacco–Free Policy

Percentages reflect institutions with smoke and tobacco-free policies as a % of all institutions in each state.

Community Colleges (2-yr Institutions)

• Less likely to be protected by a 100% Smoke or Tobacco-Free Policy

• Less likely to be protected by the stronger, tobacco-free policy

• Serve 45% of undergraduate students in the U.S. (12 million)

• People of color, low-income, first generation students• Populations suffer disproportionally from tobacco use

and consequences of secondhand smoke• 17.1% of Associate Degree holders smoke• 7.9% of Bachelor Degree holders smoke

Thank You!

Emily Claymore, [email protected]

415-437-8651

BREATHE HEALTHY CCSF

Becky Perelli, RN, MSProgram Director, Student Health Services City College of San Francisco

CONSIDERATIONS TO BECOME A 100% SMOKE/TOBACCO FREE COLLEGE

Persistence . Patience . People . Processes

Windows of Opportunity

• Review of History

– Previous Survey –4/2012

– Campus Climate

– Enforcement

• Current Environment

– Federal/State/Local

– Higher Education

– Policy/Procedures

– Interested Individuals

– Grant Opportunity

CCSF Policy/Administrative Procedures

A. By State law, smoking is always prohibited inside buildings or within 20 feet of a main exit, entrance, or operable window of any campus building.

B. City College of San Francisco will further restrict smoking to only specific areas that are posted with a sign stating “Designated Smoking Area” including specific boundaries. This additional restriction is done in order to encourage respectfulness, consideration and cooperation of both tobacco users and non-tobacco users.

C. Smoking is defined as the use of cigarettes, cigars, pipes, hookahs, water pipes, vapor/vaporless equipment and similar devices.

D. The President shall approve the specific locations for “Designated Smoking Area” signs and the boundaries of same. A listing of the specific locations will be published in the college catalog and on the web site along with the details of the smoking policy and procedure.

E. The enforcement of this regulation focuses on educating the campus community regarding the policy while promoting cessation. Violation of this policy by students or employees will be addressed in a manner consistent with any other CCSF policy or procedure violation.

Interested Individuals aka - Champions• Campus Safety – Chief of Police

• Web Master

• Student Activities

• Student Leadership

• Sustainability Club (Student & Faculty)

• Facility Director

• Student Health Services Staff & Student Workers

• Participatory Governance Representation (Faculty, Classified, Admin)

• Community Members – LGBT Tobacco Ed Partnership, Breathe California, DHHS Tobacco-Free College Campus Initiative, CYAN

Grant OpportunityBreathe Healthy CCSF

4/2015 – 3/2016Overall Goal

Move CCSF toward the eventual adoption and implementation of a 100% smoke/tobacco-free policy at City College of San Francisco within two years after initial year of funding.

Major Objectives:

• Gather feedback from stakeholders (conduct college-wide survey)

• Conduct outreach education based on that information

• Offer cessation counseling and treatment resources and referrals

Getting the word out…..

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Breathe Healthy CCSF SurveyWe invite you to take part in a short CCSF college wide survey to express your views and behavior related to tobacco and secondhand smoke. Please complete by October 15, 2015. (This deadline maybe extended based on participation.)

•CCSF students and employees can enter for a gift drawing

•Summary of survey results will be made available and shared with the college community before the end of fall semester.

•To participate in the survey please scan the QR Code below or follow this link: http://goo.gl/forms/40SJNAi03I

•If you would like to complete this survey in Español or Chinese call 415.239.3110 for a language–specific survey. We will provide hard copy.

http://goo.gl/forms/40SJNAi03I

College-wide 1-Day-Stand

Focus Groups

Student Recommendations• community service/education

• fines

Employee Recommendations• community service/education

• fines

Breathe Healthy CCSFCCSF is going 100% Smoke/Tobacco Free

in Spring 2017

Join us at our next task force meeting to discuss and help us plan for implementation!

Setting policies up for success: From implementation to long-term compliance

Jenny Haubenreiser

Executive Director, Student Health Services

Oregon State University

Montana State University: Big Sky, Clean Air

• 3 years of advocacy needed prior to formal policy approval

• Student leadership served as primary policy advocates

• 9 months of intensive education/awareness prior to full implementation in August 2012

• “Soft” enforcement measures: increased signage, “friendly reminders”

• Campus law enforcement unwilling to serve as enforcers

• Dean of Students took a proactive role

• Most effective measures: high-visibility signage, targeted outreach, task force member conducting bicycle patrols

• Key compliance challenges (at the time of departure from MSU):

• Athletic staff establishing smoking areas for event visitors

• ‘Hot spots’ emerging on public sidewalks very near campus buildings

• Tobacco litter near trash cans

July 21, 2016

• Smoke-free policy passed in 2012

• After initial momentum compliance issues began to emerge

• Existing task force members began to drop off

• Specific compliance challenges:• Areas around international student living areas and business strip

• Smoke entering buildings that adjoin public sidewalks

• Litter around trash cans and sidewalks

• Questions re: where to place receptacles along campus boundaries

• Vocal community members creating a community relations problem

Smoke-free OSU

July 21, 2016

• Current compliance and other issues, cont. • International student groups not understanding

the policy nor seeing the policy being enforced

• Next steps:• Re-engage task force – identify members committed to current goals of

long-term sustainability and building a culture of respect

• Priority focus on facility and fire safety issues

• Engaging new media campaign and peer education program, including international student educators

• Strengthen partnership with campus sustainability and clean-up efforts

• Re-launching cessation promotion

Smoke-free OSU

July 21, 2016

Key considerations for compliance

• Over time, social norms will reduce the need for active enforcement

• Begin with the end in mind: build compliance strategy into the policy implementation plan

- Provide ample time to prepare the campus for policy change

- Shared responsibility – not just law enforcement or public safety

- Engage all members of the community, including smokers


• Connect tobacco policy to broader campus values: respect for others and the environment, social justice, pride in the campus grounds

• Communicate importance of compliance with all campus policies (academic misconduct, housing policies, etc.)

• Publicize policy to visitors: parking kiosk fliers, sandwich boards at games, community newspaper ads

• Determine firm and appropriate sanctions for non-compliance for both students and employees


• Language matters: Communicate accurate information in a respectful way, include positive messages that include community values, e.g., clean and healthy living and learning environments.

- policies should not perceived as “anti” anyone

• As with any culture change, this will take time. Messaging needs to be consistent, visible, culturally relevant to multiple populations on campus -- well past policy implementation.

It's not that I'm so smart, it's just that I stay with problems longer.

~ Albert Einstein

July 21, 2016

Questions? Comments?

Contact Us

Kimberlee Homer VagadoriCalifornia Youth Advocacy Network (CYAN)[email protected]

Becky PerelliCity College of San [email protected]

Emily ClaymoreTobacco-Free College Campus Initiative [email protected]

Jenny HaubenreiserOregon State [email protected]





Documents

Smoke/Tobacco-Free College Campuses: Policy Rationale and ... · •Smoke-Free means the use of cigarettes, pipes, cigars, and other ^smoke emanating products are prohibited on all