Smt. K. B. Parekh College of Comp. Science

Smt. K. B. Parekh College of Comp. ScienceArea Under Discussion:Internet Technology & JavaPrimed by: Laukik H. Gondalia Assisted by: Miss. Hemangi Doshi

IndexInternet Intranet, ExtranetInternet ApplicationsE-mail ProtocolsIntroduction to TCP/IP, DNS, MIME typesSearch Engines Introduction to SubjectInternet technology and Java is meant for the students development in the field of Internet. It assist you in getting information about how you can connect to the world of Internet by providing you with its use and applicationsIt also provides the necessary knowledge about various components and mechanism used in developing the internet.What is Internet?

A worldwide system of interconnected networks and computers is known as internet.The Internet use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide.Most traditional communications media including telephone, music, film, and television are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet.

It is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides connectivity between computers.

InternetWhat is Intranet?

An intranet is a private computer network that uses Internet Protocol technologies to securely share any part of an organization's information or operational systems within that organization.The term is used in contrast to internet, a network between organizations, and instead refers to a network within an organizationUses of Intranet

Intranets are also being used as corporate culture-change platforms. For example, large numbers of employees discussing key issues in an intranet forum application could lead to new ideas in management, productivity, quality, and other corporate issues.Intranets are being used to deliver tools and applications, e.g., collaboration (to facilitate working in groups and teleconferencing) or difficult corporate directoriesBenefits of IntranetWorkforce productivity: Intranets can help users to locate and view information faster and use applications relevant to their roles and responsibilities. Time: Intranets allow organizations to distribute information to employees on an as-needed basis.Communication: Intranets can serve as powerful tools for communication within an organization.Cost-effective: Users can view information and data via web-browser rather than maintaining physical documents such as procedure manuals, internal phone list and requisition forms.Enhance collaboration: Information is easily accessible by all authorized users, which enables teamwork.Cross-platform capability: Standards-compliant web browsers are available for Windows, Mac, and UNIX.What is Extranet?

An extranet is a computer network that allows controlled access from the outside, for specific business or educational purposes. An extranet can be viewed as a public network.A Web site for customers rather than the general public. It can provide access to research, current inventories and internal databases, virtually any information that is private and not published for everyone. An extranet uses the public Internet as its transmission system, but requires passwords to gain entrance. Access to the site may be free or require payment for some or all of the services offered. Merits & Demerits of ExtranetAdvantagesExchange large volumes of dataShare product catalogs exclusively with trade partnersCollaborate with other companies on joint development efforts DisadvantagesExtranets can be expensive to implement and maintain within an organization.Security of extranets can be a concern when hosting valuable or proprietary information.

Internet Applications

WWWE-mailFTPIRCWeb chatNewsgroupUsenetBBSNet Meeting Video ConferencingWWW (World wide web)

The World Wide Web, abbreviated as WWW and commonly known as the Web, is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. The WWW is a network of computers all over the world. The WWW is most often called the Web.The computers on the Web communicate using standard protocols and languages.The W3C (The World Wide Web Consortium) are making the rules and standards for the Web.With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them via hyperlinks. E-mail

Electronic mail, commonly called email or e-mail, is a method of exchanging digital messages across the Internet or other computer networks. Originally, email was transmitted directly from one user to another computer. This required both computers to be online at the same time, a la instant messaging. Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver and store messages. Users no longer need be online simultaneously and need only connect briefly.Email Delivery Method

FTP

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to copy a file from one host to another over a TCP/IP-based network, such as the Internet.FTP is built on a client-server architecture and utilizes separate control and data connections between the client and server. FTP users may authenticate themselves using a clear-text sign-in protocol but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it.IRC (Internet relay chat)

CUI based IRC

GUI based IRCIRC with webcamIRC without webcamInternet Relay Chat (IRC) is a form of real-time Internet text messaging (chat) or synchronous conferencing. It is mainly designed for group communication in discussion forums, called channels, but also allows one-to-one communication via private message as well as chat and data transfers via Direct Client-to-Client.An Internet system that enables users to take part in on-line discussions. History of IRCIRC was created by Jarkko Oikarinen in August 1988 to replace a program called MUT (Multi User Talk) on a BBS called Oulu Box in Finland. Oikarinen found inspiration in a chat system known as Bitnet Relay, which operated on the BITNET.Web Chat

A web chat is a system that allow users to communicate in real time using easily accessible web interfaces.It is a type of internet online chat distinguished by its simplicity and accessibility to users who do not wish to take the time to install and learn to use specialized chat software. This trait allows users instantaneous access and only a web browser is required to chat.Newsgroup

A newsgroup is a warehouse usually within the Usenet system, for messages posted from many users in different locations. The term may be confusing to some, because it is usually a discussion group. Newsgroups are technically distinct from, but functionally similar to, discussion forums on the World Wide Web. Despite the advent of file-sharing technologies such as BitTorrent, as well as the increased use of blogs, formal discussion forums, and social networking sites, coupled with a growing number of service providers blocking access to Usenet (see main article), newsgroups continue to be widely used.Newsreader software is used to read newsgroups.Newsgroup Software

Types of NewsgroupThe newsgroup is focused on a particular topic of interest. Some newsgroups allow the posting of messages on a wide variety of themes, regarding anything a member chooses to discuss as on-topic, while others keep more strictly to their particular subject, frowning on off-topic postings. The news admin (the administrator of a news server) decides how long articles are kept on his server before being expired (deleted)Usenet

Usenet is a worldwide distributed Internet discussion system. It developed from the general purpose UUCP (Unix to Unix Copy)architecture of the same name.Duke University graduate students Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis conceived the idea in 1979 and it was established in 1980.Users uploads and downloads letters, documents (called articles or posts, and collectively termed news).

BBS

BBS stands for Bulletin Board System.A Bulletin Board System, or BBS, is a computer system running software that allows users to connect and log in to the system using a terminal program. Once logged in, a user can perform functions such as uploading and downloading software and data, reading news and bulletins, and exchanging messages with other users, either through electronic mail or in public message boards. Many BBSes also offer on-line games, in which users can compete with each other, and BBSes with multiple phone lines often provide chat rooms, allowing users to interact with each other.In recent years, BBS is also indicated as Bulletin Board Service

Net Meeting

Net meeting is a conferencing client developed by Microsoft that allows users to interact in real time over the internet. Most people call it a "video conferencing client. It includes:A Chat client, similar to AOL Instant MessengerAn Audio and Video conferencing clientA Whiteboard, which is a shared drawing space where people can collaborate in real time.Application Sharing, where you can choose to share an application you are running with others in your conference. Note here that while other users will need to have Net meeting installed, they do not need to have a copy of the application you are sharing installed.A file transfer application for sending files Video Conference

A videoconference or video conference (also known as a videoteleconference) is a set of interactive telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to interact via two-way video and audio transmissions simultaneously. It has also been called 'visual collaboration' and is a type of groupware.Videoconferencing differs from videophone calls It is an intermediate form of video telephony, first deployed commercially by AT&T during the early 1970s using their Picturephone technology.E-mail Protocols

There are various types of E-mail protocols. They are as follows:SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolPOP3 (Post Office Protocol)IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)MAPI (Messaging Application Programming Interface)SMTP Protocol

SMTP is a text-based protocol, in which a mail sender communicates with a mail receiver by issuing command strings and supplying necessary data over a reliable ordered data stream channel i.e.(TCP) connection. An SMTP session consists of commands originated by an SMTP client (sender) and corresponding responses from the SMTP server (receiver).A session may include zero or more SMTP transactions. An SMTP transaction consists of three command/reply sequences. They are:MAIL command, to establish the return address, a.k.a. Return-PathRCPT command, to establish a recipient of this message. DATA to send the message text.

POP Protocol

Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection.The POP protocol has been developed through several versions, with version 3 (POP3) being the current standard. POP3 is used for most webmail services such as Gmail and Yahoo! Mail.IMAPThe Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is one of the two most prevalent Internet standard protocols for e-mail retrieval.IMAP is an Application Layer Internet protocol that allows an e-mail client to access e-mail on a remote mail server. The current version, IMAP version 4 revision 1 (IMAP4rev1), is defined by RFC 3501.Internet ProtocolsVarious types of Internet Protocols are in use in recent time. They are as follows:TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol)/(Internet Protocol)DNS( Domain Name System)MIME(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)TCP/IP

TCP is a connection-oriented transport service; it provides end-to-end reliability, resequencing, and flowcontrol. TCP enables two hosts to establish a connection and exchange streams of data, which are treated in bytes. The delivery of data in the proper order is guaranteed.TCP can detect errors or lost data and can trigger retransmission until the data is received, complete and without errors.IP (internet protocol)IP provides communication between hosts on different kinds of networks (i.e., different data-link implementation such as Ethernet and Token Ring). It is a connectionless, unreliable packet delivery service.Connectionless means that there is no handshaking, each packet is independent of any other packet. It is unreliable because there is no guarantee that a packet gets deliveredDNS

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system built on a distributed database for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network. It associates various information with domain names assigned to each of the participating entities.Most importantly, it translates domain names meaningful to humans into the numerical identifiers associated with networking equipment for the purpose of locating and addressing these devices worldwide.MIME

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME), documented in RFC 1521 and RFC 1522, defines the standard representation for "complex" message bodies. A "complex" message body doesn't conform to the default of a single, human-readable, ASCII mail message. Examples of "complex" message bodies include messages with embedded graphics or audio clips, messages with file attachments, messages in Japanese or Russian, or signed messages. I.e. now the mail may have MIME provides extensions, allowing some new uses of electronic mail; Messages now may have: Multiple objects within a single message,Text with unlimited line length or overall length Character sets other than 7-bit ASCII Multi-font messages Binary or application-specific files Images, audio, video and multi-media messages Search Engines

A search engine is an information retrieval system designed to help find information stored on a computer system. The search results are usually presented in a list and are commonly called hits.Search engines help to minimize the time required to find information and the amount of information which must be consulted, akin to other techniques for managing information overload. The most public, visible form of a search engine is a Web search engine which searches for information on the World Wide Web.

Categories of Search EnginesSearch Engines are categorized in following types:By Content/TopicBy ModelBy Information TypeAcquired Search Engine

Only first type of search engine is mentioned, for more info please contact either tutor or me.

By ContentsGeneral: Ask.com, Bing, Google, YahooAccountancy: IFACnet(International Federation of Accountants (IFAC)Business: Business.com, GlobalSpecEnterprise: AskmeNow, Microsoft, IBM, TeratextMobile: Taganode Local Search Engine, TaptuJob: Bixee.com, Dice.com, Monster.comLegal: West law, Quick Law, etc.Medical: Bing Health, Webster, etcWorking of Search EnginesA web search engine is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web and FTP servers.The search results are generally presented in a list of results and are often called hits. The information may consist of web pages, images, information and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories.

Best Search TipsMost search engines default to Boolean AND logic. To create a search that will retrieve Web pages containing all of your search terms, type the words with a space in between them.

Use a plus sign (+) to further focus a Boolean AND search. Example: +desert +horticulture

Include synonyms or alternate spellings in your search statements and connect these words with Boolean OR logic. Example: college OR university

For a Boolean NOT search, place a minus sign (- ) in front of the word you want to exclude from your search results. Example: apple -computer

General Search TipsIf you're not sure how to use a particular search engine, read the Help pages.Check your spelling.Take advantage of capitalization if the search engine is case sensitive. Hint: Google is not case sensitive.If your results are not satisfactory, repeat the search using alternative words.Try different sources to diversify your results. Sources can include subject directories, research sites such as Google Scholar