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Downtown Dallas Tree Inventory &
Ecosystem Services Benefits Report
Prepared for: Downtown Dallas, Inc.
Submitted by: Texas Trees Foundation
Janette Monear, President/CEO
Matt Grubisich, Operations Director and Urban Forester
G. Tyler Wright, Urban and Community Forester
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 2
Downtown Dallas Tree Inventory &
Ecosystem Services Benefits Report
May 2015
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 3
Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 5
The Importance of Trees ............................................................................................................. 6
The Impact of Trees .................................................................................................................... 6
Key Findings ............................................................................................................................... 6
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 7
Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 8
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory Results .............................................................................. 9
Tree Species ................................................................................................................................ 9
Figure 1: Species distribution of Top 10 tree species as represented by parts of the entire
downtown Dallas tree population. .......................................................................................... 9
Diameter Distribution ................................................................................................................. 9
Figure 3: Relative diameter distribution of top 10 species based on overall percentage ..... 12
Condition................................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 4: Number of trees for each condition rating at the time of the inventory ............... 13
Maintenance Recommendations ............................................................................................... 14
Root Collar Excavation ......................................................................................................... 14
Pruning .................................................................................................................................. 14
Oak Wilt Treatment .............................................................................................................. 14
............................................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 5: Number of trees by maintenance need. Note there can be multiple
recommendations for one tree and are not represented on this graph. .................................. 15
Ecosystem Service Benefits .......................................................................................................... 15
Carbon Sequestration and Storage ............................................................................................ 15
Energy Savings ..................................................................................................................... 16
Annual Rainfall Interception................................................................................................. 16
Aesthetics .............................................................................................................................. 17
Structural and Functional Value ........................................................................................... 17
Structural values........................................................................................................................ 18
Annual functional values .......................................................................................................... 18
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 4
Summary Observations ................................................................................................................. 19
Appendices .................................................................................................................................... 20
Appendix A: i-Tree and Appraised Value ................................................................................... 20
Appendix B: Glossary of Key Terms ........................................................................................... 21
Appendix C: Data Collection Designation and Specifications for Tree Attributes ..................... 22
Appendix D: Population Summary of All Trees Inventoried ...................................................... 24
Appendix E: Relative Age Distribution for Top 10 Species of Downtown Dallas ..................... 27
Appendix F: Average Annual Benefits of All Trees by Species ................................................. 28
Appendix G: Annual Benefits of All Inventoried Trees .............................................................. 30
Appendix H: Replacement Value/Structural Value of All Inventoried Trees ............................. 31
Appendix I: Carbon Dioxide Annual Sequestration and Storage Benefits for All Inventoried
Trees .............................................................................................................................................. 33
Appendix J: Annual Energy Savings for All Inventoried Trees .................................................. 35
Appendix K: Annual Stormwater Mitigation Benefits for All Inventoried Trees ....................... 37
Appendix L: Annual Aesthetics Values for All Inventoried Trees .............................................. 39
About Texas Trees Foundation ..................................................................................................... 41
MISSION .................................................................................................................................. 41
VISION ..................................................................................................................................... 41
Contact Information .................................................................................................................. 41
Texas Trees Foundation ................................................................................................................ 42
Board of Trustees - 2015............................................................................................................... 42
Texas Trees Foundation Staff……………………………………………………………………42
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 5
Executive Summary
Downtown Dallas, Inc. works with the City of Dallas to help maintain city streetscapes and to
keep the area lively and beautiful. To better understand the impact and role trees play for people
and businesses in the downtown area, Downtown Dallas, Inc. and the Texas Trees Foundation
formed a partnership to inventory and study the shade and ornamental tree species in the
downtown core.
Surrounded by concrete, large buildings, and major transportation corridors, downtown Dallas is
a mixture of both gray and green infrastructure that is home to 6,218 trees. One visit to
downtown and you can see how trees add significantly to the beauty of the city center and enrich
the quality of life for visitors, businesses, and residents. The purpose of the study is to:
1. Determine the size and scope of the urban forest in downtown Dallas
2. Catalog each public tree, and a selection of private trees, based on species, size and
location
3. Assess the current health and management needs of the trees
4. Determine the ecosystem service benefits and replacement value which the trees provide
to the downtown Dallas community
Using state-of-the art technology, Texas Trees Foundation assessed trees in the city center from
late 2014 through early 2015. Tree species, total tree height, condition, and other attributes were
assessed and catalogued using a data storage and management system designed for tree
inventories. This software program enables Downtown Dallas, Inc. and municipal departments
to accurately place trees on aerial imagery, record and display critical tree characteristics, and set
budgets for future maintenances such as public safety and/or tree health.
After the trees were assessed and inventoried, data was uploaded to a program called i-Tree,
developed by the USDA Forest Service and Davey Resource Group. This program allows users
to economically and ecologically monetize the benefits of trees for carbon sequestration, energy
savings, stromwater mitigation, and other factors that are important to our community. From this
program we are able to quantify and report the economic and environmental value trees provide
to the downtown community. By utilizing this information, Downtown Dallas, Inc. is in a
position to better manage this urban oasis and ensure a sustainable, healthy, well-treed city center
for decades to come.
This report details the work that was done to assess the current condition and value of the trees in
downtown Dallas. It provides the results of the inventory and offers recommendations for the
care and maintenance of the downtown urban forest and landscape through the use of Green
Infrastructure Best Management Practices.
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 6
The Importance of Trees Trees are essential to our city, region, and state. Trees offer a wide range of benefits to our
environment. These include: pollution reduction, energy savings, heat island mitigation, storm
water management, erosion control, wildlife habitat, and an enhanced sense of self and place.
Trees are one of the most effective ways to bring about widespread improvement in the
environment and the quality of life of an area. Even in a vast metropolitan city like Dallas, where
gray infrastructure far outweighs the green, trees play a significant role in regulating
temperature, improving air and water quality, and increasing energy savings.
The Impact of Trees By understanding the structure, function, and value of an urban forest, Downtown Dallas, Inc.
and the City of Dallas can promote better management decisions that will extend the life of trees
and improve the overall health and safety of urban trees. By promoting better management
decision, stakeholders can share with the public the knowledge that trees are a capital asset to
the community. With sound planning and good decision making, newly planted and existing
trees will continue to grow, thrive and lessen the probability of causing future problems or
conflicts. Moving away from a reactive-based management program to a pro-active approach
will ensure a healthier and safer environment and reduce management and maintenance costs.
Key Findings
Number of trees: 6,218
7.4% Canopy Cover
Most common species: Live oak, Cedar elm, Shumard red oak
Over 60% of the trees are between 4-12 inches in DBH (Diameter Breast Height)
Of the 6,218 trees, 5,781 are in fair to excellent condition (92.9%)
Carbon Sequestration: 1,823,288 pounds per year (value: $13,675/year)
Carbon Storage: 14,149,377 total pounds stored (value: $106,120)
Energy Savings: $44,514 each year
Annual Rainfall Interception: 11.4 million cubic feet per year (value: $113,166/year)
Structural value: $17.8 million
Ecosystem service benefits were analyzed using the i-Tree Streets model (formerly known as
STRATUM) developed by the USDA. Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
For more information about i-Tree methodology, see Appendix A.
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 7
Introduction Downtown Dallas, Inc. (DDI) is the principle advocate, champion, and steward for the
downtown Dallas area. DDI is a private non-profit organization that is effecting change by
developing strategies, setting targets, and mobilizing resources which will improve
infrastructure, enhance economic prowess, and position the area as a global tourist destination.
Downtown Dallas is comprised of 15 distinct districts, an exciting and diverse collection of
environments, experiences, and neighborhoods, each with its own character, personality, and
purpose. The study area was limited to the area within the freeway loop (Interstates 30, 35, 45
and Spur 366) and is approximately 1.6 square miles in size with 8,500 full time residents.
Texas Trees Foundation began the inventory and assessment of the downtown Dallas area in
August, 2014 and concluded in March, 2015. The following tree characteristics were assessed in
the field or obtained through the tree inventory software:
Latitude
Longitude
Species
Diameter Breast Height (inches)
Height (feet)
Notes associated with tree
Planting Location
Defects Present
Condition Rating
Recommended Maintenance
Location
Over the past decade, there has been an increase in both the knowledge of ecosystem services
and social benefits of urban forests as well as the availability of quantitative tools, such as i-Tree,
for the measurement and dispersal of reputable information regarding the importance of trees in
the urban forest (Dwyer et. al 1992). Since the introduction of these new quantitative tools for
measuring tree benefits, nearly 827 international and 773 national assessments have been
produced (as of January, 2012). DDI’s recognition of the multitude of benefits urban forests
provide prompted the development of
this tree inventory. Commissioned in
part to quantify the monetary value
and quality of life values associated
with urban trees, this study highlights
the importance DDI leaders have
placed on this tree population. The
results will enable stakeholders and
leaders to continue enhancing the
urban forestry program at the city
center.
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 8
Methodology Data was collected from August 2014 to March 2015, using a Motion CL900 tablet (Intel Atom
Z670 processor, 62 GB hard drive, Windows 7 Professional) and PlanIt Geo software (Colorado,
USA; www.planitgeo.com). PlanIt Geo software is a state of the art, robust tree inventory and
data storage system which has the ability to facilitate maintenance cost, scheduling, and tree
maintenance record management for the inventoried trees. It has the capability to integrate aerial
imagery and other GIS based software (ArcMap, etc.) to accurately identify where trees are
located in the landscape through the use of latitude and longitude coordinates.
Once a tree is placed in the approximate location on the aerial imagery, latitude and longitude
coordinates were recorded so crews can be dispatched for geo-referencing or maintenance to be
performed. Each tree was then assessed for the current health of the tree, size of the trunk (DBH)
and canopy, location of tree (near buildings, parks, historic areas, etc.) as well as any defects
which were present at that time of the survey.
All shade trees, and most ornamental tree species on public property were included in the
inventory, along with a selection of shade trees on private property based on species, location,
and by request. Trees were also evaluated to determine what maintenance, if any, needed to be
scheduled. Below is a list of attributes and recommendations collected for each tree:
Species
Height (feet)
Diameter at breast height
(DBH) (inches)
Maintenance concerns
Overall health
Defects
Latitude and Longitude
Location
Pruning needs
Root collar maintenance
Fertilization
Removal
Dwyer, J., G. McPherson, H. Shroeder, and R. Rowntree. “Assessing the Benfits and Costs of the Urban Forest.”
Journal of Arboriculture. 18(5). pp. 227-234. 1992.
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 9
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory Results
Tree Species
In downtown Dallas, Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) accounts for 19% of the entire tree
population (Figure 1). The next two most common species are cedar elm (Ulmus crassifolia) and
Shumard red oak (Quercus shumardii). In all, over 32% of downtown Dallas’ tree population is
in the Quercus genera (oak family). This could potentially be a serious issue, especially with oak
wilt (see page 13), which is active in Dallas county.
The ideal tree population of any urban forest should consist of no more than 30% of the same
family (e.g. Fagacea; oak and beech family); 20% of the same genera (e.g. oak trees); and 10%
of the same species (e.g. Live oak). -Santamour
Figure 1: Species distribution of Top 10 tree species as represented by parts of the entire
downtown Dallas tree population.
Diameter Distribution
19.91
13.57
12.24 11.11
7.99
6.87 4.66
4.62 2.56 2.44
Live oak
Cedar elm
Shumard oak
Baldcypress
Common crapemyrtle
Chinese pistache
Chinese elm
Sweetgum
Southern magnolia
Callery pear
*Santamour, Frank S. Jr.1990. Trees for Urban Planting: Diversity, Uniformity, and Common Sense. Proc. 7 th
Conference Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance (METRIA) 7:5765
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 10
Tree diameter can often be used to determine the age distribution of a stand of trees. Healthy
urban forests are typically characterized by a mix of tree ages, with a large number of smaller
trees and a smaller population of large mature trees. This ensures that as trees age and perish
there is not a gap in the canopy.
Downtown Dallas’ tree canopy is mostly composed of one age class, (Figure 2) with very few
small trees (e.g. diameters less than 3 inches.) This can create management challenges, without
an established succession pattern, there may not be an adequate number of well-established
younger trees ready to assume the place of the older trees as they die. This often leads to a cycle
of having to plant larger trees to try and fill the canopy gaps. Larger trees cost more and require
more time and effort to maintain.
Figure 2: Relative diameter distribution of all trees represented by diameter classes by diameter
breast height (inches)
0
50
(%)
DBH Class
Relative Age Distribution of All Tree Species in Study Area (%)
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 11
An element that needs to be addressed in the Relative Age Distribution (Figure 2) is the relative
soil area in which trees grow in a downtown, highly urbanized environment. Most tree pits are
constructed in a way that doesn’t provide adequate soil volume for proper root growth. Grabosky
and Gilman 2004, suggest that tree pits need at least 1,000 cubic feet of soil volume for trees to
reach full stature at maturity. With the lack of soil volume in high density urban areas, trees can
only become so large, given the lack of rooting space and availability of soil nutrients and
available water. This is one reason the relative age distribution is skewed toward these trees
being in the 6-12 inch range. If rooting spaces were larger, or connected using green
infrastructure advancements, these trees would have the potential of becoming larger and
producing more benefits.
Grabosky, J. and E. Gilman. ” MEASUREMENT AND PREDICTION OF TREE GROWTH REDUCTION FROM
TREE PLANTING SPACE DESIGN IN ESTABLISHED PARKING LOTS.” Journal of Arboriculture. 30(3).
2004. pp. 154-164.
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 12
Figure 3: Relative diameter distribution of top 10 species based on overall percentage
Condition The condition of an individual tree can vary greatly over time. This study provides a “snapshot”
of each tree on the particular day in which the tree was assessed. Information regarding the
condition of the trees is important, but it is highly recommended that a process be established to
ensure the periodic assessment of all the trees and add newly planted trees to the inventory.
The rating system used for assessing tree health at Downtown Dallas, Inc. included:
Excellent/Good – No apparent problems or issues; no dead limbs or leaves and the tree is
growing extremely well with a well excised root flare in a good location with little to no
scars, wounds or decay.
Fair – Few apparent problems or issues; few dead limbs or twigs were present and leaves
may have been slightly chlorotic or scorched/wilted. Root collar may be buried but few
scars, wounds or decay present.
Poor – Many problems and issues were present, including but not limited to wounds and
decay; many scars, buried root collars and death or decline of large tree parts.
Live oak
Cedar elm
Shumard oak
Baldcypress
Common crapemyrtleChinese pistache
Chinese elmSweetgum
Southern magnoliaCallery pear
0
20
40
60
80
(%)
DBH Class
Relative Age Distribution of Top 10 All Tree Species in Study Area (%)
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 13
Hazardous – In serious need of maintenance or tree death is imminent; risk to personal
safety and property is greater than any other condition above.
Dead – Life processes have ceased and the tree is now in a state of high risk if not
removed.
Figure 4: Number of trees for each condition rating at the time of the inventory
12
2,668
2,920
546
361
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Excellent Good Fair Poor Hazardous Dead
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 14
Maintenance Recommendations A positive finding from the DDI inventory is that over 90% of the trees are in the “fair” or
“good” categories. While no individual tree is completely healthy and free of all defects, ratings
at this level are encouraging and positively reflects on the work being performed by both City of
Dallas staff and Downtown Dallas, Inc. crews.
Some of the major maintenance requirements are listed here. (A detailed breakdown with
definitions can be found in Appendix C.)
Root Collar Excavation
The root collar is an important area of the tree; it is the interface between trunk and roots. In this
area, the tissue grows about 1.5 times faster than the trunk. This is where the flare is created. It
helps retain support and structure for the tree during wind events and aids in gas exchange for
respiration. If buried, the tree could suffocate from gas interruptions or latent buds could be
activated and circling, potentially girdling roots could be formed at the base; weakening the
entire structure of the tree. To ensure long term tree survival measures should be taken to keep
the root collar clear of excess soil, grass, mulch, or other obstacles. If the root collar is already
buried an air spade can be used to remove the excess material without causing damage to the
existing root system.
Pruning
Several different types of tree pruning need to occur throughout downtown. The majority of
pruning needed is for clearance of the roadways and sidewalks. Due to the large number of live
oaks and their natural growth habit, clearance pruning needs to be an ongoing practice. The other
major pruning that is needed is young tree pruning. Many defects, such as double leaders or co-
dominant stems, can be corrected at an early age and should be done after the first growing
season following the planting of the new tree.
Oak Wilt Treatment
Oak wilt is a devastating disease pathogen that affects oak trees in the red oak family (shumard
red oak and live oak). Oak wilt is extremely difficult to manage and eradicate. Thus,
management options are limited. Pruning of live oaks and red oaks SHOULD NOT be
performed between February and June. In addition, tools should be sterilized in between trees
when pruning in areas where oak wilt is known to occur. Even though there are no current Oak
Wilt centers located in downtown, it is highly recommended when pruning live oaks and red
oaks to always paint the cuts to help limit the spread of the pathogen.
For more information about Oak Wilt please visit texasoakwilt.org.
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 15
Figure 5: Number of trees by maintenance need. Note there can be multiple
recommendations for one tree and are not represented on this graph.
Ecosystem Service Benefits
Carbon Sequestration and Storage
Trees reduce the amount of carbon in
the atmosphere by sequestering carbon
in new growth every year. The amount
of carbon annually sequestered is
increased with the size and health of the
trees (Brack 2002). The gross
sequestration of carbon by trees in
Downtown a year is 1,823,288 pounds.
As trees grow they store carbon as wood
fibers. Carbon storage is a one-time
value which represents how much
carbon is being stored collectively at the
time of the inventory. Trees in downtown Dallas are currently storing about 14,149,377 pounds
(7,075 tons) of carbon.
2
2,076
1,712
218 154
2,047
350
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Cable Large TreeClean
None Removal Small TreeClean
Young TreePruning
FurtherInspectionRequired
C.L. Brack, “Pollution mitigation and carbon sequestration by an urban forest,” Environmental
Pollution, 116(1),2002, pp.195-200
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 16
Energy Savings Trees lower energy consumption by shading buildings, providing evaporative cooling and
blocking winter winds. Deciduous trees planted on the south and west facing sides of buildings
tend to reduce the consumption of energy during the
summer months.
Based on 2013 energy costs per kilowatt hour, trees in
downtown Dallas reduce energy-related costs by an
estimated $44,514 annually.
Annual Rainfall Interception Trees can aide in reducing storm water runoff during rain events by intercepting and storing
rainfall on leaves and branches and allowing water to infiltrate more slowly into the surrounding
soil. Reducing runoff volume during a rain event helps to minimize soil erosion. More
specifically, healthy urban trees play an important role in storm water management in three
ways:
1. Reducing the overall volume of water entering the storm system by leaf and branch
interception.
2. Increasing soil health and structure, thus aiding water infiltration into the soil and further
reducing peak flow levels.
3. Reducing rainfall velocity and soil impact helps reduce soil erosion, soil compaction, and
surface transport rates of water (stormwater runoff).
It is estimated that downtown Dallas’ trees mitigate 11,430,949 gallons of storm water each year,
resulting in an annual savings of $113,166. That represents, on average, nearly $18.20 for each
tree. This value is based on monthly storm water management fees that are assessed for moving,
storing, and cleaning storm water.
Figure 6: Secondary benefits from energy conservation are reduced water
consumption and reduced pollutant emissions by power plants (drawing by Mike
Thomas).
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 17
Aesthetics
Trees provide a host of
aesthetic, social, economic, and
health benefits. One of the most
common reasons people plant
trees is for aesthetics. Trees
add color, texture, and a
dimension to the landscape that
help soften the hardness of a
man-made environment.
Research on the aesthetics
quality of trees has shown that
trees are the single strongest
positive influence on scenic
quality (Schroeder and Cannon
1983).
Schroeder, H.W.; Cannon, W.N. 1983. The esthetic contribution of trees to residential streets in Ohio towns. J.
Arboric. 9:237-243.
Structural and Functional Value
Urban trees have a structural/replacement value in addition to their functional/environmental
value. The structural value is based on the cost of replacing a tree with one of a similar size and
species, or the equivalent in the number of inches mitigated for tree loss.
However, the value of the tree population can decrease over time, especially if there is decline in
tree health. Ensuring proper tree management is essential to maximizing the value of trees and
the urban forest.
The following values represent the one-time structural values of the downtown Dallas tree
population and the annual functional benefits of all trees inventoried:
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 18
Structural values
Replacement value: $17.8
million
Carbon Storage: $106,120
Landscape appraisal value:
$44.5 million
Annual functional values
Carbon Sequestration:
$13,675
Energy Savings: $44,514
Stormwater Mitigation:
$113,166
Aesthetic Value: $248,067
*Nowak, D., M. Noble, S. Sisinni, J. Dwyer. “People and Trees: Assessing the US Urban Forest Resource.” Journal
of Forestry. 99(1). 2001. pp. 37-42.
The Replacement Value is the value which it would cost to replant each tree lost and ensure
survival for three years. This also takes in consideration the annual ecosystem service benefits
which would be lost each year.
Carbon storage is the one-time value in which trees are trapping carbon from being absorbed into
the atmosphere and creating ozone action days in cities. This is a one-time value based on the
current size of the tree. As the tree continues to grow the amount of stored carbon increases.
The Landscape Appraisal Value is created using the Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers
Guide. This value is determined using an equation to determine the value of the standing tree
(using coefficients for tree species, tree location, and condition of tree) and the value of replacing
that tree with a tree of the same size. In its essence, a large tree has more benefits than replanting
with a small tree. However, large trees are difficult to plant and maintain. By correcting this
factor, we can determine the value of the standing tree based on the tree species, tree location,
and tree condition.
*D. Nowak, R. Rowntree, E.G. McPherson, S. Sisinni, E. Kerkmann, J. Stevens, “Measuring and analyzing urban tree
cover”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 36(1), 1996, pp. 49-57
Schroeder, H.W.; Cannon, W.N. 1983. The esthetic contribution of trees to residential streets in Ohio towns. J.
Arboric. 9:237–243.
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 19
Summary Observations
The downtown Dallas urban forest provides many benefits to residents, business, and tourists
and creates a sense of community while fostering an environment of economic prosperity. An
increase in the understanding of these benefits and their associated economic values can facilitate
more precise and better planning and management of the landscape services.
With a canopy cover of 7% downtown Dallas’ tree canopy needs to be expanded, and since a
majority of the trees are in the six to eight inch diameter range, canopy cover should grow
significantly, as long as proper urban tree management practices are in place. As trees are
planted, stakeholders and leaders must be cautious of which trees they choose to plant. With over
50% of the canopy composed of three species; and with two of them in the same family,
diversifying species selection in future planting initiatives is highly recommended in order to
enhance the quality and resiliency of the downtown tree population. .
The following are observations and recommendations observed during the inventory process:
Construction will continue to lead to conflicts between existing trees and new
development. All precautions should be taken to ensure proper tree protection is
established and maintained during the construction process.
Careful monitoring of newly planted trees and trees impacted by construction is highly
recommended. Fertilization and other arboriculture practice may be required to treat
stressed trees. Also, careful inspection and, where appropriate, rejection of poor quality
nursery stock upon delivery is essential.
Turf management practices around trees will continue to cause issues with tree health.
Reducing turf within the drip line of trees and maintaining a rigorous mulching program
will help in reducing these conflicts.
Lightning protection is recommended for high priority trees.
Exposed root flares often get buried in high maintenance landscapes and care should be
taken to ensure root flares remain exposed (and that trees stay at a proper depth.)
Alternatives to tree grates that can more easily be removed is recommended to reduce
tree girdling conflicts.
Tree species diversity is low; more tree plantings with a variety of species is
recommended.
A detailed tree planting plan utilizing Green Infrastructure Best Management Practices
needs to be developed to maximize storm water management and address the urban heat
island effect.
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 20
Appendices
Appendix A: i-Tree and Appraised Value
i-Tree is a state of the art, peer reviewed tree evaluation tool which was created through the U.S.
Forest Service and Davey Resource Group. i-Tree Streets was used to determine the value of the
trees ecosystem service benefits it provides on both an annual basis and the overall economic
value for the one-time replacement cost. This software program does has its limitations and, for
DDI’s purposes, will underestimate the total value (this is due to the fact street trees grow in a
different orientation than open grown trees; which is more the situation for DDI).
Peer reviewed, journal manuscripts were the foundation for this software program. It has been an
industry wide known to be true program with merits from both the private and public institutions
and professional organizations. Stormwater data was collected using local stormwater
infrastructure from 20 municipalities to determine peak flow rates during rain events with
communities with and without a significant tree canopy cover. Energy abatement values are from
utility providers in the 20 main reference cities and were determined from power usage between
treed and non-treed neighborhoods.
Other such non-tangible evidence of tree benefits were given from anecdotal studies of tree lined
areas (hospitals, streets for crime prevention, schools, etc.) versus non-tree lined areas. Carbon
storage and sequestration are approximate values determined by studies involving the amount of
carbon which is interned within the cell walls of the plant material (mainly xylem).
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 21
Appendix B: Glossary of Key Terms Diameter at Breast Height (DBH): A standard method of expressing the diameter of
the trunk or bole of a standing tree.
Ecosystem Services: Refers to benefits that people obtain from ecosystems. Healthy forest
ecosystems are ecological life-support systems. Forests provide a full suite of goods and services
that are vital to human health and livelihood.
Girdling Roots: When a tree is planted incorrectly, or when rooting space is limited, there is the
potential for some of the roots to start growing around the trunk of the tree instead of fanning
outward. As the tree grows, the roots gradually get tighter and tighter around the trunk of the
tree, preventing the flow of water and nutrients absorbed by the roots to move up into the woody
and leafy parts of the tree. This girdles or chokes the tree, causing it to die.
Green Infrastructure: An approach communities can choose to maintain healthy
waters, providing multiple environmental benefits and supporting sustainable communities.
Unlike single-purpose gray storm water infrastructure, which uses pipes to dispose of rainwater,
green infrastructure uses vegetation and soil to manage rainwater where it falls. By weaving
natural processes into the built environment, green infrastructure provides not only storm water
management, but also flood mitigation, air quality management, and much more.
iTree: A state-of-the-art, peer-reviewed software suite from the USDA Forest Service that
provides urban forestry analysis and benefits assessment tools. The i-Tree tools help
communities of all sizes to strengthen their urban forest management and advocacy efforts by
quantifying the structure of community trees and the environmental services that trees provide.
Root Collar: A tree’s root collar is the area where the roots join the main stem or trunk. This
area is typified by a flare leading to the major roots.
Transplant Shock: Refers to a number of stresses occurring in recently transplanted trees and
shrubs. It involves failure of the plant to root well; consequently the plant becomes poorly
established in the landscape. New transplants do not have extensive root systems, and they are
frequently stressed by lack of sufficient water. Plants suffering from water stress may be more
susceptible to injury from other causes such as the weather, insects, or disease. When several
stresses are being experienced, the plant may no longer be able to function properly.
Tree: A perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting leaves or branches.
Urban Forest: A forest or a collection of trees that grow within a city, town or a suburb.
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 22
Appendix C: Data Collection Designation and Specifications for Tree
Attributes
The following terms are defined as they are used in this report, as each term can be
misinterpreted by different professionals.
Wound, Scar and Decay
A wound is an active situation where an object, person or pest has damaged the cambium layer
of the tree part. However, the wound has not properly sealed completely and thus still active.
A scar is when a wound has occurred on the tree part and the tree has completely sealed the
wound with callous wood.
Decay is where a wound has happened and the phloem, cambium and xylem are in state of being
broken down where wood strength is compromised and the tree could prove to be at a higher risk
than a tree without strength compromise.
Root Collar Excavation
Root Collar Excavations (RCX) is a technique where the root collar is buried to some extent.
The varying degrees of how much the root collar is buried is not pertinent. If a RCX has been
recommended, the root collar of the tree has been buried, at the time of inspection, or decay or
some other defect may be present and examining the root plate, the transition are between roots
and trunk at the soil line, may be necessary to determine the risk the tree poses to life and
property.
Training Prune
By training a young tree to grow with a central main lead stem, the long term after care of the
tree can be greatly reduced and cause less defects to become obvious as the tree matures. In this
recommendation, trees which has co-dominant stems, both in size and/or height, should be
pruned to allow for central dominance. This should be repeated every 3 to 5 years until the tree
has been pruned at least 5 cycles.
Priority Pruning/Removal
Priority 1 and Priority 2 Pruning and Removal detail when the tree should be pruned or removed.
Priority 1 means the maintenance should be performed within the next 12 months. Priority 2
means the maintenance should be carried out within the 18 to 24 months.
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 23
Raise/Clearance
Raise and Clearance can be used interchangeably to describe the maintenance needed for trees
which are over sidewalks and roadways. For DDI, we decided to create two separate
nomenclatures. Raise will mean to prune the tree limb which is over a sidewalk. Clearance will
refer to clearing tree limbs which are over a roadway.
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
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Appendix D: Population Summary of All Trees Inventoried
Population Summary
DBH Class (in)
Species 0-3 3-6 6-12
12-
18
18-
24
24-
30
30-
36
36-
42
>
42 Total SE
Broadleaf Deciduous Large (BDL)
Cedar elm 2 112 491 220 16 3 0 0 0 844 (±0)
Shumard oak 4 224 309 183 29 9 2 1 0 761 (±0)
Baldcypress 14 31 397 225 24 0 0 0 0 691 (±0)
Sweetgum 0 17 188 79 3 0 0 0 0 287 (±0)
Siberian elm 0 0 43 1 0 1 0 0 0 45 (±0)
Bur oak 2 17 19 4 0 0 0 0 0 42 (±0)
Post oak 0 0 1 1 11 15 12 0 0 40 (±0)
Silver maple 0 21 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 (±0)
White ash 13 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 (±0)
Honeylocust 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 (±0)
Hackberry 0 0 3 9 1 4 0 0 0 17 (±0)
Green ash 0 11 0 5 0 0 0 1 0 17 (±0)
Pecan 0 1 0 1 4 3 2 0 0 11 (±0)
Pond cypress 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 (±0)
American elm 3 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 8 (±0)
Red mulberry 0 0 2 3 1 0 0 0 0 6 (±0)
Eastern cottonwood 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 5 (±0)
Southern red oak 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 (±0)
Sugar maple 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 (±0)
Tree of heaven 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 (±0)
Total 47 463 1462 739 92 37 17 2 0 2859 (±0)
Broadleaf Deciduous Medium (BDM)
Chinese pistache 7 69 310 40 1 0 0 0 0 427 (±0)
Chinese elm 35 178 74 3 0 0 0 0 0 290 (±0)
Red maple 9 30 35 2 0 0 0 0 0 76 (±0)
Ginkgo 0 45 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 63 (±0)
River birch 1 10 31 1 0 0 0 0 0 43 (±0)
Chinkapin oak 7 20 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 (±0)
Common pear 1 0 0 20 1 0 0 0 0 22 (±0)
Fragrant ash 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 (±0)
Eastern hophornbeam 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 (±0)
Boxelder 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 (±0)
Total 62 354 479 66 3 0 0 0 0 964 (±0)
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
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Broadleaf Deciduous Small (BDS)
Common crapemyrtle 51 187 184 63 12 0 0 0 0 497 (±0)
Callery pear 0 1 45 94 8 4 0 0 0 152 (±0)
Eastern redbud 33 46 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 82 (±0)
Trident maple 0 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 (±0)
Japanese maple 6 14 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 (±0)
Honey mesquite 0 1 11 9 0 0 0 0 0 21 (±0)
Mexican plum 0 4 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 (±0)
Chaste tree 0 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 (±0)
Desert willow 0 5 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 (±0)
Goldenrain tree 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 (±0)
Eve's necklace 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 (±0)
Soapberry 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 3 (±0)
Total 94 323 263 167 21 6 0 0 0 874 (±0)
Broadleaf Evergreen Large (BEL)
Live oak 6 60 357 442 240 84 42 7 0 1238 (±0)
Total 6 60 357 442 240 84 42 7 0 1238 (±0)
Broadleaf Evergreen Medium (BEM)
Southern magnolia 7 34 107 9 2 0 0 0 0 159 (±0)
Total 7 34 107 9 2 0 0 0 0 159 (±0)
Broadleaf Evergreen Small (BES)
Holly 2 31 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 57 (±0)
Texas mountain laurel 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 4 (±0)
Total 2 31 25 3 0 0 0 0 0 61 (±0)
Conifer Evergreen Large (CEL)
Loblolly pine 0 1 41 12 2 0 0 0 0 56 (±0)
Pine 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 (±0)
Afghan pine 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 (±0)
Total 0 1 41 13 2 0 1 0 0 58 (±0)
Conifer Evergreen Medium (CEM)
Eastern red cedar 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (±0)
Total 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (±0)
Palm Evergreen Medium (PEM)
Mexican fan palm 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 (±0)
Total 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 (±0)
Downtown Dallas Total 218 1266 2738 1440 360 127 60 9 0 6218 (±0)
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 26
Species distribution of all trees tallied during the inventory process based on the percentage
represented throughout downtown Dallas.
Species Percent
Live oak 19.91
Cedar elm 13.57
Shumard oak 12.24
Baldcypress 11.11
Common crapemyrtle 7.99
Chinese pistache 6.87
Chinese elm 4.66
Sweetgum 4.62
Southern magnolia 2.56
Callery pear 2.44
Other Species 14.02
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
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Appendix E: Relative Age Distribution for Top 10 Species of Downtown
Dallas
Species 0 - 3 3 - 6 6 - 12 12 - 18 18 - 24 24 - 30 30 - 36 36 - 42 > 42
Live oak 0.48 4.85 28.84 35.70 19.39 6.79 3.39 0.57 0.00
Cedar elm 0.24 13.27 58.18 26.07 1.90 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00
Shumard oak 0.53 29.43 40.60 24.05 3.81 1.18 0.26 0.13 0.00
Baldcypress 2.03 4.49 57.45 32.56 3.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Common crapemyrtle 10.26 37.63 37.02 12.68 2.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Chinese pistache 1.64 16.16 72.60 9.37 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Chinese elm 12.07 61.38 25.52 1.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sweetgum 0.00 5.92 65.51 27.53 1.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Southern magnolia 4.40 21.38 67.30 5.66 1.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Callery pear 0.00 0.66 29.61 61.84 5.26 2.63 0.00 0.00 0.00
Citywide Total 3.51 20.36 44.03 23.16 5.79 2.04 0.96 0.14 0.00
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
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Appendix F: Average Annual Benefits of All Trees by Species
Species Energy CO2
Air
Quality Stormwater Aesthetic/Other Total
Standard
Error
Live oak 11.95 3.86 - 4.32 38.01 71.51 121.02 (N/A)
Cedar elm 6.46 2.14 - 1.48 15.27 42.88 65.27 (N/A)
Shumard oak 6.29 2.04 - 1.74 15.66 40.14 62.40 (N/A)
Baldcypress 7.20 2.38 - 1.83 17.44 46.42 71.61 (N/A)
Common crapemyrtle 3.51 0.57 1.30 4.48 7.12 16.97 (N/A)
Chinese pistache 7.39 2.41 2.81 13.08 29.77 55.46 (N/A)
Chinese elm 4.26 1.14 1.58 6.58 19.27 32.84 (N/A)
Sweetgum 5.69 1.31 - 2.64 12.82 39.53 56.71 (N/A)
Southern magnolia 3.91 0.59 1.31 9.75 15.37 30.94 (N/A)
Callery pear 9.14 2.45 4.02 17.05 26.45 59.11 (N/A)
Eastern redbud 1.69 0.36 0.66 2.04 3.91 8.66 (N/A)
Red maple 3.74 0.98 1.14 7.09 25.61 38.56 (N/A)
Ginkgo 4.63 1.23 1.72 7.06 20.62 35.26 (N/A)
Holly 1.90 0.45 1.20 2.54 1.93 8.02 (N/A)
Loblolly pine 4.97 1.42 - 1.31 12.44 22.72 40.25 (N/A)
Trident maple 2.01 0.49 0.80 2.50 4.60 10.40 (N/A)
Siberian elm 5.52 1.88 - 1.04 12.54 40.27 59.17 (N/A)
River birch 6.65 2.02 2.51 11.23 27.04 49.45 (N/A)
Bur oak 4.04 1.33 - 0.48 8.43 29.63 42.95 (N/A)
Post oak 22.93 6.85 - 18.92 90.10 95.14 196.09 (N/A)
Chinkapin oak 3.02 0.71 1.11 4.28 15.11 24.22 (N/A)
Silver maple 3.83 0.91 1.32 4.90 16.82 27.78 (N/A)
Japanese maple 2.15 0.52 0.85 2.71 4.62 10.84 (N/A)
Common pear 12.53 5.83 4.89 28.13 50.54 101.92 (N/A)
White ash 0.98 0.26 0.19 1.30 7.40 10.13 (N/A)
Honey mesquite 6.18 1.78 2.49 8.72 9.54 28.73 (N/A)
Honeylocust 1.72 0.51 0.30 2.39 15.08 20.01 (N/A)
Green ash 6.58 1.94 - 3.55 20.61 34.89 60.46 (N/A)
Hackberry 13.43 4.23 - 6.94 41.81 68.88 121.42 (N/A)
Mexican plum 3.57 1.01 1.42 4.77 6.66 17.43 (N/A)
Pecan 19.27 5.83 - 14.47 72.02 84.21 166.86 (N/A)
Chaste tree 2.95 0.80 1.17 3.86 5.84 14.62 (N/A)
Fragrant ash 7.68 2.35 2.91 13.14 30.23 56.33 (N/A)
Pond cypress 0.48 0.08 0.12 0.55 2.07 3.29 (N/A)
American elm 12.54 3.78 - 8.99 45.71 55.49 108.53 (N/A)
Desert willow 3.33 0.90 1.33 4.47 6.15 16.17 (N/A)
Red mulberry 10.13 3.28 - 3.62 27.27 58.57 95.63 (N/A)
Goldenrain tree 3.18 0.88 1.26 4.21 6.15 15.67 (N/A)
Eve's necklace 1.20 0.17 0.46 1.33 3.01 6.18 (N/A)
Eastern cottonwood 13.66 4.31 - 7.21 43.01 69.77 123.53 (N/A)
Texas mountain laurel 5.89 1.48 3.97 11.44 8.54 31.30 (N/A)
Southern red oak 8.12 2.67 - 2.09 19.66 51.08 79.44 (N/A)
Mexican fan palm 1.74 0.22 0.22 4.05 4.58 10.79 (N/A)
Eastern hophornbeam 1.99 0.42 0.72 2.69 11.39 17.22 (N/A)
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
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Sugar maple 11.37 2.67 3.25 23.00 47.39 87.68 (N/A)
Soapberry 12.85 1.46 5.53 22.75 17.08 59.67 (N/A)
Boxelder 16.74 9.90 6.68 48.27 70.60 152.19 (N/A)
Tree of heaven 11.28 3.63 - 3.60 28.98 63.82 104.09 (N/A)
Pine 10.04 2.74 4.14 23.26 29.83 70.00 (N/A)
Afghan pine 33.59 9.33 14.86 108.87 49.30 215.95 (N/A)
Eastern red cedar 2.56 0.68 1.57 5.87 6.87 17.55 (N/A)
Citywide Total 7.16 2.20 - 1.18 18.20 39.90 66.28 (N/A)
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 30
Appendix G: Annual Benefits of All Inventoried Trees
Benefits
Total
($) SE $/tree SE $/capita SE
Energy 44,514 (N/A) 7.16 (N/A) 5.24 (N/A)
CO2 13,675 (N/A) 2.20 (N/A) 1.61 (N/A)
Air Quality - 7,318 (N/A) - 1.18 (N/A) - 0.86 (N/A)
Stormwater
113,166 (N/A) 18.20 (N/A) 13.31 (N/A)
Aesthetic/Other
248,067 (N/A) 39.90 (N/A) 29.18 (N/A)
Total Benefits
412,105 (N/A) 66.28 (N/A) 48.48 (N/A)
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
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Appendix H: Replacement Value/Structural Value of All Inventoried Trees
DBH Class (in)
Species 0-3 3-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30 30-36 36-42 > 42 Total SE
% of
Total
Live oak 838.60 27,588.26 549,754.96 1,812,300.49 1,905,761.66 1,097,146.56 798,185.50 175,987.88 0.00 6,367,563.91 (±0) 35.68
Cedar elm 211.00 57,901.43 935,703.52 1,143,454.59 162,163.80 50,156.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,349,590.92 (±0) 13.16
Baldcypress 1,477.01 16,026.29 756,566.80 1,169,442.20 243,245.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,186,757.99 (±0) 12.25
Shumard oak 524.80 106,197.85 504,094.83 800,542.78 246,190.12 125,781.00 40,686.65 26,918.37 0.00 1,850,936.40 (±0) 10.37
Common crapemyrtle 5,380.53 96,674.71 350,650.61 327,443.81 121,622.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 901,772.51 (±0) 5.05
Chinese pistache 858.44 33,698.96 534,074.15 185,954.96 9,037.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 763,624.47 (±0) 4.28
Sweetgum 0.00 7,184.92 244,808.50 267,571.94 19,542.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 539,107.98 (±0) 3.02
Callery pear 0.00 445.51 65,181.82 359,634.97 59,136.26 48,587.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 532,986.05 (±0) 2.99
Post oak 0.00 0.00 1,539.93 4,100.23 87,347.41 195,919.03 228,053.00 0.00 0.00 516,959.60 (±0) 2.90
Southern magnolia 738.50 17,577.22 203,910.95 46,777.69 20,270.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 289,274.84 (±0) 1.62
Chinese elm 3,872.42 90,495.40 136,962.37 15,098.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 246,428.97 (±0) 1.38
Pecan 0.00 488.39 0.00 4,648.87 36,151.82 44,670.19 43,364.47 0.00 0.00 129,323.75 (±0) 0.72
Loblolly pine 0.00 459.80 63,137.12 49,202.73 15,881.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 128,681.00 (±0) 0.72
Common pear 131.20 0.00 0.00 87,491.01 8,489.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 96,111.53 (±0) 0.54
Hackberry 0.00 0.00 4,345.45 34,433.14 7,392.03 48,587.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 94,758.11 (±0) 0.53
Red maple 995.77 15,252.03 64,779.50 10,065.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91,093.15 (±0) 0.51
Honey mesquite 0.00 516.98 20,962.81 46,777.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 68,257.47 (±0) 0.38
Holly 211.00 16,026.29 45,737.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 61,974.33 (±0) 0.35
Bur oak 245.27 8,302.64 32,733.58 18,595.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 59,876.98 (±0) 0.34
River birch 131.20 4,740.98 50,572.62 4,374.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 59,819.35 (±0) 0.34
Ginkgo 0.00 22,878.05 33,315.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 56,193.22 (±0) 0.31
Green ash 0.00 5,057.85 0.00 20,501.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 25,141.13 0.00 50,700.11 (±0) 0.28
Soapberry 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10,135.24 33,437.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 43,572.96 (±0) 0.24
Eastern cottonwood 0.00 0.00 1,905.71 10,395.04 10,135.24 16,718.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 39,154.85 (±0) 0.22
Eastern redbud 4,499.24 21,414.00 4,729.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30,642.76 (±0) 0.17
Red mulberry 0.00 0.00 3,811.42 15,592.56 10,135.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 29,539.22 (±0) 0.17
Trident maple 0.00 27,962.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 27,962.06 (±0) 0.16
American elm 599.20 0.00 0.00 2,179.96 8,200.37 6,660.48 9,632.06 0.00 0.00 27,272.08 (±0) 0.15
Siberian elm 0.00 0.00 20,604.22 918.08 0.00 2,454.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 23,976.55 (±0) 0.13
Texas mountain laurel 0.00 0.00 1,905.71 15,592.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17,498.27 (±0) 0.10
Mexican plum 0.00 2,067.91 15,245.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17,313.59 (±0) 0.10
Silver maple 0.00 8,755.42 7,593.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16,348.99 (±0) 0.09
Afghan pine 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16,326.60 0.00 0.00 16,326.60 (±0) 0.09
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 32
Japanese maple 633.00 7,237.68 7,622.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15,493.52 (±0) 0.09
Fragrant ash 0.00 0.00 14,682.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14,682.37 (±0) 0.08
Chinkapin oak 1,098.30 8,624.36 2,714.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12,436.74 (±0) 0.07
Southern red oak 0.00 0.00 3,153.02 8,419.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11,572.93 (±0) 0.06
Chaste tree 0.00 3,101.86 7,622.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10,724.70 (±0) 0.06
Desert willow 0.00 2,584.89 1,905.71 5,197.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9,688.12 (±0) 0.05
Sugar maple 0.00 445.51 0.00 7,651.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8,097.32 (±0) 0.05
Honeylocust 0.00 7,921.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7,921.57 (±0) 0.04
Goldenrain tree 0.00 1,379.41 4,619.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5,999.20 (±0) 0.03
White ash 1,816.97 4,138.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5,955.21 (±0) 0.03
Pine 0.00 0.00 0.00 3,551.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3,551.58 (±0) 0.02
Boxelder 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,673.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,673.72 (±0) 0.01
Tree of heaven 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,905.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,905.64 (±0) 0.01
Eastern red cedar 0.00 0.00 1,539.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,539.93 (±0) 0.01
Eastern hophornbeam 245.27 976.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,222.05 (±0) 0.01
Mexican fan palm 0.00 0.00 882.00 294.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,176.00 (±0) 0.01
Pond cypress 949.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 949.51 (±0) 0.01
Eve's necklace 422.00 516.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 938.98 (±0) 0.01
Citywide Total 25,879.24 624,640.22 4,699,370.15 6,480,111.59 2,983,513.17 1,670,119.64 1,136,248.28 228,047.38 0.00 17,847,929.66 (±0) 100.00
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
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Appendix I: Carbon Dioxide Annual Sequestration and Storage Benefits for All Inventoried Trees
Species
Sequestered
(lb) Sequestered ($)
Decomposition
Release(lb)
Maintenance
Release (lb)
Total
Release ($)
Avoided
(lb)
Avoided
($)
Net Total
(lb) Total ($)
Standard
Error
% of
Total
Tree
Numbers
% of Total
$
Avg.
$/tree
Live oak 551,020.55 4,132.65 - 22,439.17 - 1,410.69 - 10.58
109,602.67 822.02 636,773.36 4,775.80 (N/A) 19.91 34.92 3.86
Cedar elm 208,023.58 1,560.18 - 5,115.98 - 638.72 - 4.79 38,540.99 289.06 240,809.87 1,806.07 (N/A) 13.57 13.21 2.14
Shumard oak 178,919.50 1,341.90 - 5,072.24 - 554.03 - 4.16 34,133.73 256.00 207,426.95 1,555.70 (N/A) 12.24 11.38 2.04
Baldcypress 189,232.35 1,419.24 - 4,865.43 - 562.57 - 4.22 35,335.49 265.02 219,139.84 1,643.55 (N/A) 11.11 12.02 2.38
Common crapemyrtle 26,856.09 201.42 - 584.64 - 278.68 - 2.09 11,607.88 87.06 37,600.64 282.00 (N/A) 7.99 2.06 0.57
Chinese pistache 117,259.63 879.45 - 1,815.66 - 275.80 - 2.07 22,201.31 166.51 137,369.48 1,030.27 (N/A) 6.87 7.53 2.41
Chinese elm 36,640.73 274.81 - 632.34 - 115.62 - 0.87 8,368.90 62.77 44,261.67 331.96 (N/A) 4.66 2.43 1.14
Sweetgum 39,579.92 296.85 - 857.99 - 222.92 - 1.67 11,817.53 88.63 50,316.54 377.37 (N/A) 4.62 2.76 1.31
Southern magnolia 8,378.93 62.84 - 273.49 - 96.33 - 0.72 4,532.98 34.00 12,542.10 94.07 (N/A) 2.56 0.69 0.59
Callery pear 41,070.21 308.03 - 1,397.75 - 154.86 - 1.16 10,116.70 75.88 49,634.30 372.26 (N/A) 2.44 2.72 2.45
Eastern redbud 3,122.43 23.42 - 49.46 - 20.95 - 0.16 835.73 6.27 3,887.76 29.16 (N/A) 1.32 0.21 0.36
Red maple 8,262.02 61.97 - 210.58 - 36.47 - 0.27 1,901.19 14.26 9,916.17 74.37 (N/A) 1.22 0.54 0.98
Ginkgo 8,489.23 63.67 - 146.57 - 26.94 - 0.20 1,977.21 14.83 10,292.94 77.20 (N/A) 1.01 0.56 1.23
Holly 2,812.30 21.09 - 93.82 - 26.49 - 0.20 731.39 5.49 3,423.37 25.68 (N/A) 0.92 0.19 0.45
Loblolly pine 8,597.47 64.48 - 207.03 - 44.01 - 0.33 2,265.88 16.99 10,612.31 79.59 (N/A) 0.90 0.58 1.42
Trident maple 2,963.27 22.22 - 39.35 - 18.29 - 0.14 678.06 5.09 3,583.69 26.88 (N/A) 0.88 0.20 0.49
Siberian elm 9,827.57 73.71 - 215.64 - 31.70 - 0.24 1,716.07 12.87 11,296.30 84.72 (N/A) 0.72 0.62 1.88
River birch 9,743.05 73.07 - 147.02 - 25.16 - 0.19 1,990.18 14.93 11,561.05 86.71 (N/A) 0.69 0.63 2.02
Bur oak 6,444.67 48.34 - 127.13 - 22.95 - 0.17 1,171.51 8.79 7,466.11 56.00 (N/A) 0.68 0.41 1.33
Post oak 31,685.55 237.64 - 2,136.08 - 78.04 - 0.59 7,046.71 52.85 36,518.15 273.89 (N/A) 0.64 2.00 6.85
Chinkapin oak 2,225.55 16.69 - 43.44 - 8.76 - 0.07 578.07 4.34 2,751.42 20.64 (N/A) 0.47 0.15 0.71
Silver maple 2,665.58 19.99 - 59.34 - 10.97 - 0.08 664.78 4.99 3,260.04 24.45 (N/A) 0.43 0.18 0.91
Japanese maple 1,379.75 10.35 - 28.68 - 7.98 - 0.06 318.18 2.39 1,661.27 12.46 (N/A) 0.39 0.09 0.52
Common pear 15,355.25 115.16 - 275.89 - 23.83 - 0.18 2,048.07 15.36 17,103.60 128.28 (N/A) 0.35 0.94 5.83
White ash 626.24 4.70 - 7.06 - 4.43 - 0.03 137.74 1.03 752.48 5.64 (N/A) 0.35 0.04 0.26
Honey mesquite 4,331.01 32.48 - 209.58 - 17.63 - 0.13 889.16 6.67 4,992.97 37.45 (N/A) 0.34 0.27 1.78
Honeylocust 1,094.67 8.21 - 12.15 - 6.32 - 0.05 218.30 1.64 1,294.50 9.71 (N/A) 0.31 0.07 0.51
Green ash 3,761.07 28.21 - 197.63 - 12.08 - 0.09 840.43 6.30 4,391.78 32.94 (N/A) 0.27 0.24 1.94
Hackberry 8,280.93 62.11 - 358.64 - 21.51 - 0.16 1,696.92 12.73 9,597.70 71.98 (N/A) 0.27 0.53 4.23
Mexican plum 1,392.77 10.45 - 39.12 - 6.65 - 0.05 273.34 2.05 1,620.34 12.15 (N/A) 0.19 0.09 1.01
Pecan 7,410.57 55.58 - 453.51 - 18.51 - 0.14 1,611.24 12.08 8,549.78 64.12 (N/A) 0.18 0.47 5.83
Chaste tree 911.90 6.84 - 22.42 - 4.66 - 0.03 185.98 1.39 1,070.80 8.03 (N/A) 0.16 0.06 0.80
Fragrant ash 2,381.48 17.86 - 33.96 - 5.99 - 0.04 483.91 3.63 2,825.44 21.19 (N/A) 0.14 0.15 2.35
Pond cypress 74.57 0.56 - 0.90 - 1.00 - 0.01 23.77 0.18 96.44 0.72 (N/A) 0.14 0.01 0.08
American elm 3,491.91 26.19 - 206.78 - 8.98 - 0.07 757.87 5.68 4,034.03 30.26 (N/A) 0.13 0.22 3.78
Desert willow 711.92 5.34 - 25.78 - 3.44 - 0.03 152.84 1.15 835.55 6.27 (N/A) 0.11 0.05 0.90
Red mulberry 2,262.21 16.97 - 72.18 - 6.21 - 0.05 439.83 3.30 2,623.66 19.68 (N/A) 0.10 0.14 3.28
Goldenrain tree 603.11 4.52 - 15.74 - 2.99 - 0.02 121.00 0.91 705.37 5.29 (N/A) 0.10 0.04 0.88
Eve's necklace 78.43 0.59 - 1.07 - 0.78 - 0.01 34.71 0.26 111.29 0.83 (N/A) 0.08 0.01 0.17
Eastern cottonwood 2,481.53 18.61 - 108.59 - 6.43 - 0.05 505.93 3.79 2,872.44 21.54 (N/A) 0.08 0.16 4.31
Texas mountain laurel 631.55 4.74 - 34.35 - 3.99 - 0.03 194.91 1.46 788.12 5.91 (N/A) 0.06 0.04 1.48
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 34
Southern red oak 1,227.82 9.21 - 31.68 - 3.55 - 0.03 232.30 1.74 1,424.89 10.69 (N/A) 0.06 0.08 2.67
Mexican fan palm 79.85 0.60 - 7.56 - 2.66 - 0.02 46.39 0.35 116.01 0.87 (N/A) 0.06 0.01 0.22
Eastern hophornbeam 177.10 1.33 - 3.76 - 0.89 - 0.01 51.12 0.38 223.57 1.68 (N/A) 0.06 0.01 0.42
Sugar maple 849.91 6.37 - 26.60 - 2.55 - 0.02 246.93 1.85 1,067.68 8.01 (N/A) 0.05 0.06 2.67
Soapberry 444.24 3.33 - 129.87 - 4.66 - 0.03 272.41 2.04 582.12 4.37 (N/A) 0.05 0.03 1.46
Boxelder 1,221.82 9.16 - 27.24 - 1.55 - 0.01 126.36 0.95 1,319.39 9.90 (N/A) 0.02 0.07 9.90
Tree of heaven 414.38 3.11 - 12.33 - 1.11 - 0.01 82.39 0.62 483.34 3.63 (N/A) 0.02 0.03 3.63
Pine 298.56 2.24 - 8.68 - 1.11 - 0.01 75.91 0.57 364.68 2.74 (N/A) 0.02 0.02 2.74
Afghan pine 1,043.33 7.82 - 67.17 - 2.44 - 0.02 270.22 2.03 1,243.95 9.33 (N/A) 0.02 0.07 9.33
Eastern red cedar 73.12 0.55 - 1.64 - 0.67 0.00 19.95 0.15 90.77 0.68 (N/A) 0.02 0.00 0.68
Citywide Total 1,556,911.13 11,676.83 - 48,950.71 - 4,845.52 - 36.34
320,173.08 2,401.30
1,823,287.99
13,674.66 (N/A) 100.00 100.00 2.20
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 35
Appendix J: Annual Energy Savings for All Inventoried Trees
Species
Total
Electricity
(MWh)
Electricity
($)
Total
Natural Gas
(Therms)
Natural
Gas ($) Total ($)
Standard
Error
% of
Total
Tree
Numbers
% of
Total
$
Avg.
$/tree
Live oak 129.7 9842.8 4733.3 4951.0 14793.9 (N/A) 19.9 33.2 11.9
Cedar elm 45.6 3461.2 1904.0 1991.6 5452.8 (N/A) 13.6 12.2 6.5
Shumard oak 40.4 3065.4 1645.9 1721.6 4786.9 (N/A) 12.2 10.8 6.3
Baldcypress 41.8 3173.3 1722.0 1801.2 4974.5 (N/A) 11.1 11.2 7.2
Common crapemyrtle 13.7 1042.4 671.6 702.5 1744.9 (N/A) 8.0 3.9 3.5
Chinese pistache 26.3 1993.8 1109.6 1160.7 3154.5 (N/A) 6.9 7.1 7.4
Chinese elm 9.9 751.6 461.8 483.0 1234.6 (N/A) 4.7 2.8 4.3
Sweetgum 14.0 1061.3 546.5 571.7 1632.9 (N/A) 4.6 3.7 5.7
Southern magnolia 5.4 407.1 205.1 214.5 621.6 (N/A) 2.6 1.4 3.9
Callery pear 12.0 908.5 459.2 480.3 1388.9 (N/A) 2.4 3.1 9.1
Eastern redbud 1.0 75.1 60.9 63.7 138.7 (N/A) 1.3 0.3 1.7
Red maple 2.2 170.7 108.2 113.1 283.9 (N/A) 1.2 0.6 3.7
Ginkgo 2.3 177.6 109.2 114.2 291.8 (N/A) 1.0 0.7 4.6
Holly 0.9 65.7 40.9 42.8 108.5 (N/A) 0.9 0.2 1.9
Loblolly pine 2.7 203.5 71.6 74.9 278.4 (N/A) 0.9 0.6 5.0
Trident maple 0.8 60.9 47.7 49.9 110.8 (N/A) 0.9 0.2 2.0
Siberian elm 2.0 154.1 89.9 94.1 248.2 (N/A) 0.7 0.6 5.5
River birch 2.4 178.7 102.3 107.0 285.8 (N/A) 0.7 0.6 6.6
Bur oak 1.4 105.2 61.5 64.3 169.5 (N/A) 0.7 0.4 4.0
Post oak 8.3 632.8 272.0 284.5 917.3 (N/A) 0.6 2.1 22.9
Chinkapin oak 0.7 51.9 34.1 35.7 87.6 (N/A) 0.5 0.2 3.0
Silver maple 0.8 59.7 41.9 43.8 103.5 (N/A) 0.4 0.2 3.8
Japanese maple 0.4 28.6 22.0 23.0 51.6 (N/A) 0.4 0.1 2.1
Common pear 2.4 183.9 87.7 91.8 275.7 (N/A) 0.4 0.6 12.5
White ash 0.2 12.4 8.9 9.3 21.7 (N/A) 0.4 0.0 1.0
Honey mesquite 1.1 79.9 47.8 50.0 129.9 (N/A) 0.3 0.3 6.2
Honeylocust 0.3 19.6 12.5 13.1 32.7 (N/A) 0.3 0.1 1.7
Green ash 1.0 75.5 34.8 36.4 111.9 (N/A) 0.3 0.3 6.6
Hackberry 2.0 152.4 72.6 76.0 228.4 (N/A) 0.3 0.5 13.4
Mexican plum 0.3 24.5 17.4 18.2 42.8 (N/A) 0.2 0.1 3.6
Pecan 1.9 144.7 64.3 67.3 212.0 (N/A) 0.2 0.5 19.3
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 36
Chaste tree 0.2 16.7 12.2 12.8 29.5 (N/A) 0.2 0.1 2.9
Fragrant ash 0.6 43.5 24.6 25.7 69.1 (N/A) 0.1 0.2 7.7
Pond cypress 0.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 4.3 (N/A) 0.1 0.0 0.5
American elm 0.9 68.1 30.8 32.3 100.3 (N/A) 0.1 0.2 12.5
Desert willow 0.2 13.7 9.2 9.6 23.3 (N/A) 0.1 0.1 3.3
Red mulberry 0.5 39.5 20.3 21.3 60.8 (N/A) 0.1 0.1 10.1
Goldenrain tree 0.1 10.9 7.8 8.2 19.1 (N/A) 0.1 0.0 3.2
Eve's necklace 0.0 3.1 2.8 2.9 6.0 (N/A) 0.1 0.0 1.2
Eastern cottonwood 0.6 45.4 21.8 22.9 68.3 (N/A) 0.1 0.2 13.7
Texas mountain laurel 0.2 17.5 5.8 6.1 23.6 (N/A) 0.1 0.1 5.9
Southern red oak 0.3 20.9 11.1 11.6 32.5 (N/A) 0.1 0.1 8.1
Mexican fan palm 0.1 4.2 2.7 2.8 6.9 (N/A) 0.1 0.0 1.7
Eastern hophornbeam 0.1 4.6 3.2 3.4 8.0 (N/A) 0.1 0.0 2.0
Sugar maple 0.3 22.2 11.4 11.9 34.1 (N/A) 0.0 0.1 11.4
Soapberry 0.3 24.5 13.5 14.1 38.5 (N/A) 0.0 0.1 12.8
Boxelder 0.1 11.3 5.2 5.4 16.7 (N/A) 0.0 0.0 16.7
Tree of heaven 0.1 7.4 3.7 3.9 11.3 (N/A) 0.0 0.0 11.3
Pine 0.1 6.8 3.1 3.2 10.0 (N/A) 0.0 0.0 10.0
Afghan pine 0.3 24.3 8.9 9.3 33.6 (N/A) 0.0 0.1 33.6
Eastern red cedar 0.0 1.8 0.7 0.8 2.6 (N/A) 0.0 0.0 2.6
Total 378.8 28753.1 15068.2 15761.4 44514.5 (N/A) 100.0 100.0 7.2
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
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Appendix K: Annual Stormwater Mitigation Benefits for All Inventoried Trees
Species
Total Rainfall
Interception
(Gal)
Total ($) Standard
Error
% of
Total
Tree
Numbers
% of
Total
$
Avg.
$/tree
Live oak 4,753,147.92 47,056.16 (N/A) 19.91 41.58 38.01
Cedar elm 1,301,669.52 12,886.53 (N/A) 13.57 11.39 15.27
Shumard oak 1,203,918.17 11,918.79 (N/A) 12.24 10.53 15.66
Baldcypress 1,217,026.74 12,048.56 (N/A) 11.11 10.65 17.44
Common crapemyrtle 224,689.52 2,224.43 (N/A) 7.99 1.97 4.48
Chinese pistache 564,330.51 5,586.87 (N/A) 6.87 4.94 13.08
Chinese elm 192,742.77 1,908.15 (N/A) 4.66 1.69 6.58
Sweetgum 371,638.44 3,679.22 (N/A) 4.62 3.25 12.82
Southern magnolia 156,601.25 1,550.35 (N/A) 2.56 1.37 9.75
Callery pear 261,735.91 2,591.19 (N/A) 2.44 2.29 17.05
Eastern redbud 16,892.97 167.24 (N/A) 1.32 0.15 2.04
Red maple 54,457.44 539.13 (N/A) 1.22 0.48 7.09
Ginkgo 44,937.33 444.88 (N/A) 1.01 0.39 7.06
Holly 14,611.64 144.66 (N/A) 0.92 0.13 2.54
Loblolly pine 70,352.13 696.49 (N/A) 0.90 0.62 12.44
Trident maple 13,906.13 137.67 (N/A) 0.88 0.12 2.50
Siberian elm 56,980.02 564.10 (N/A) 0.72 0.50 12.54
River birch 48,784.88 482.97 (N/A) 0.69 0.43 11.23
Bur oak 35,760.29 354.03 (N/A) 0.68 0.31 8.43
Post oak 364,035.48 3,603.95 (N/A) 0.64 3.18 90.10
Chinkapin oak 12,534.55 124.09 (N/A) 0.47 0.11 4.28
Silver maple 13,363.34 132.30 (N/A) 0.43 0.12 4.90
Japanese maple 6,557.91 64.92 (N/A) 0.39 0.06 2.71
Common pear 62,502.36 618.77 (N/A) 0.35 0.55 28.13
White ash 2,891.02 28.62 (N/A) 0.35 0.03 1.30
Honey mesquite 18,502.32 183.17 (N/A) 0.34 0.16 8.72
Honeylocust 4,591.63 45.46 (N/A) 0.31 0.04 2.39
Green ash 35,387.70 350.34 (N/A) 0.27 0.31 20.61
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 38
Hackberry 71,792.55 710.75 (N/A) 0.27 0.63 41.81
Mexican plum 5,785.05 57.27 (N/A) 0.19 0.05 4.77
Pecan 80,019.71 792.20 (N/A) 0.18 0.70 72.02
Chaste tree 3,903.88 38.65 (N/A) 0.16 0.03 3.86
Fragrant ash 11,948.60 118.29 (N/A) 0.14 0.10 13.14
Pond cypress 495.72 4.91 (N/A) 0.14 0.00 0.55
American elm 36,935.08 365.66 (N/A) 0.13 0.32 45.71
Desert willow 3,159.31 31.28 (N/A) 0.11 0.03 4.47
Red mulberry 16,525.97 163.61 (N/A) 0.10 0.14 27.27
Goldenrain tree 2,548.65 25.23 (N/A) 0.10 0.02 4.21
Eve's necklace 673.72 6.67 (N/A) 0.08 0.01 1.33
Eastern cottonwood 21,720.43 215.03 (N/A) 0.08 0.19 43.01
Texas mountain laurel 4,620.26 45.74 (N/A) 0.06 0.04 11.44
Southern red oak 7,941.65 78.62 (N/A) 0.06 0.07 19.66
Mexican fan palm 1,634.75 16.18 (N/A) 0.06 0.01 4.05
Eastern hophornbeam 1,086.01 10.75 (N/A) 0.06 0.01 2.69
Sugar maple 6,971.19 69.01 (N/A) 0.05 0.06 23.00
Soapberry 6,894.89 68.26 (N/A) 0.05 0.06 22.75
Boxelder 4,875.96 48.27 (N/A) 0.02 0.04 48.27
Tree of heaven 2,926.92 28.98 (N/A) 0.02 0.03 28.98
Pine 2,349.39 23.26 (N/A) 0.02 0.02 23.26
Afghan pine 10,996.63 108.87 (N/A) 0.02 0.10
108.87
Eastern red cedar 592.80 5.87 (N/A) 0.02 0.01 5.87
Citywide total 11,430,948.98
113,166.39 (N/A) 100.00
100.00 18.20
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 39
Appendix L: Annual Aesthetics Values for All Inventoried Trees
Species
Total ($) Standard
Error
% of
Total
Tree
Numbers
% of
Total $
Avg.
$/tree
Live oak 88,535.10 (N/A) 19.91 35.69 71.51
Cedar elm 36,192.55 (N/A) 13.57 14.59 42.88
Shumard oak 30,549.34 (N/A) 12.24 12.31 40.14
Baldcypress 32,077.31 (N/A) 11.11 12.93 46.42
Common crapemyrtle 3,536.52 (N/A) 7.99 1.43 7.12
Chinese pistache 12,713.21 (N/A) 6.87 5.12 29.77
Chinese elm 5,589.17 (N/A) 4.66 2.25 19.27
Sweetgum 11,343.86 (N/A) 4.62 4.57 39.53
Southern magnolia 2,443.79 (N/A) 2.56 0.99 15.37
Callery pear 4,020.19 (N/A) 2.44 1.62 26.45
Eastern redbud 320.82 (N/A) 1.32 0.13 3.91
Red maple 1,946.47 (N/A) 1.22 0.78 25.61
Ginkgo 1,299.14 (N/A) 1.01 0.52 20.62
Holly 109.97 (N/A) 0.92 0.04 1.93
Loblolly pine 1,272.49 (N/A) 0.90 0.51 22.72
Trident maple 252.79 (N/A) 0.88 0.10 4.60
Siberian elm 1,812.32 (N/A) 0.72 0.73 40.27
River birch 1,162.78 (N/A) 0.69 0.47 27.04
Bur oak 1,244.44 (N/A) 0.68 0.50 29.63
Post oak 3,805.56 (N/A) 0.64 1.53 95.14
Chinkapin oak 438.07 (N/A) 0.47 0.18 15.11
Silver maple 454.16 (N/A) 0.43 0.18 16.82
Japanese maple 110.83 (N/A) 0.39 0.04 4.62
Common pear 1,111.91 (N/A) 0.35 0.45 50.54
White ash 162.69 (N/A) 0.35 0.07 7.40
Honey mesquite 200.41 (N/A) 0.34 0.08 9.54
Honeylocust 286.60 (N/A) 0.31 0.12 15.08
Green ash 593.11 (N/A) 0.27 0.24 34.89
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 40
Hackberry 1,171.03 (N/A) 0.27 0.47 68.88
Mexican plum 79.96 (N/A) 0.19 0.03 6.66
Pecan 926.31 (N/A) 0.18 0.37 84.21
Chaste tree 58.36 (N/A) 0.16 0.02 5.84
Fragrant ash 272.10 (N/A) 0.14 0.11 30.23
Pond cypress 18.64 (N/A) 0.14 0.01 2.07
American elm 443.94 (N/A) 0.13 0.18 55.49
Desert willow 43.03 (N/A) 0.11 0.02 6.15
Red mulberry 351.40 (N/A) 0.10 0.14 58.57
Goldenrain tree 36.88 (N/A) 0.10 0.01 6.15
Eve's necklace 15.06 (N/A) 0.08 0.01 3.01
Eastern cottonwood 348.83 (N/A) 0.08 0.14 69.77
Texas mountain laurel 34.14 (N/A) 0.06 0.01 8.54
Southern red oak 204.33 (N/A) 0.06 0.08 51.08
Mexican fan palm 18.31 (N/A) 0.06 0.01 4.58
Eastern hophornbeam 45.57 (N/A) 0.06 0.02 11.39
Sugar maple 142.16 (N/A) 0.05 0.06 47.39
Soapberry 51.24 (N/A) 0.05 0.02 17.08
Boxelder 70.60 (N/A) 0.02 0.03 70.60
Tree of heaven 63.82 (N/A) 0.02 0.03 63.82
Pine 29.83 (N/A) 0.02 0.01 29.83
Afghan pine 49.30 (N/A) 0.02 0.02 49.30
Eastern red cedar 6.87 (N/A) 0.02 0.00 6.87
Citywide Total 248,067.31 (N/A) 100.00 100.00 39.90
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May, 2015 Page 41
About Texas Trees Foundation The Texas Trees Foundation, formerly the Dallas Parks Foundation, was established as a
501(c)(3) organization in 1982 as a resource to support the Dallas parks system. In 1998, the
Foundation merged with Treescape Dallas, Inc., a project that had been funded by the Dallas
Junior League and the Central Dallas Association. The Texas Trees Foundation was then known
as the Dallas Trees and Parks Foundation. In 2003, the Foundation was renamed the Texas Trees
Foundation to expand the area of focus from Dallas to the North Texas region to better reflect its
mission. The Texas Trees Foundation has a rich history and is positioned to build on the
traditions established by its founders and nurtured by the generous support of individuals,
foundations, corporations and, agencies throughout Texas.
MISSION
The Mission of the Texas Trees Foundation is (i) to preserve, beautify and expand parks and
other public natural green spaces, and (ii) to beautify our public streets, boulevards and rights-of-
way by planting trees and encouraging others to do the same through educational programs that
focus on the importance of building and protecting the “urban forest” today as a legacy for
generations to come. The Foundation will share its vision on a national level, but will focus its
efforts and develop loyalties among communities in the North Central Texas area.
VISION
The Texas Trees Foundation has a vision for our community. It is a community comprised of
beautiful, well maintained parks, shady tree-lined streets and boulevards, hiking, biking and
nature trails, and other outdoor amenities which combine to form a living and working
environment that enhances the economic value of its commercial areas and its neighborhoods,
and nurtures the health, safety and quality of life of all its citizens; a community in which its
citizens actively participate in building and sustaining its “urban forest.” The Foundation will
serve as a catalyst in creating such a community.
Contact Information
2100 Ross Ave. Suite 855
Dallas, Texas 75201
214.953.1184
www.texastrees.org
www.texastreesmart.org
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May 2015 Page 42
Texas Trees Foundation
Board of Trustees - 2015
Dr. Bobby B. Lyle, Chairman
Chairman, President and CEO
Lyco Holdings Incorporated
Walter Dahlberg, Secretary
Principal, Dahlberg Landscape Design Studio
Don M. Glendenning, Vice Chair
Partner, Locke Lord LLP
Dan E. Patterson, Treasurer
Chairman, Transition Capital Partners
Martha Gallier
Owner, Gallier & Wittenberg
Stanley R. Levenson
CEO, Levenson & Brinker Public Relations
Patrick D. Little
Logistics Director, Turner Construction Company
Warren J. 'Bud' Melton, III
V.P./Senior Planner, Bowman-Melton Associates, Inc.
Adam McGill
Director, Corporate Communications,
Energy Future Holdings
Diane Scovell
Community Volunteer
Downtown Dallas, Inc. Tree Inventory & Ecosystem Services Report
May 2015 Page 43
Texas Trees Foundation Staff
Janette Monear, President/CEO
Janette K. Monear is the President/CEO of Texas Trees Foundation in Dallas, Texas, a private
non-profit dedicated to “Greening North Central Texas.” Under Monear’s leadership, the
Foundation maintains the TXU Energy Urban Tree Farm and Education Center and supports
tree-planting projects and education outreach for municipalities, schools, utilities, and
builders/developers. With the national agenda for environmental action catalyzing around global
climate change, air and water quality, and energy conservation, Texas Trees Foundation has
created a national model, The Roadmap to Tree Planting in the Dallas, by identifying and
prioritizing planting sites through the use of geographical information systems (GIS). The
emphasis for urban forestry through community development provides a platform for Ms.
Monear to create partnerships that support programs and projects that improves the quality of life
in communities.
Prior to her work with the Texas Trees Foundation, Ms. Monear was the Director of Urban &
Community Forestry for the Tree Trust in Minnesota, where she developed the Time for Trees
outdoor learning program, the Trade-a-Tree program with utilities, and a grant program that
helps communities replace hazardous trees under power lines with small-stature trees. She
worked closely with the MN Department of Natural Resources, local government planners,
foresters, and soil and water conservation district professionals to develop comprehensive
programs for protecting and managing community forest resources for maximum benefit for the
environment -- especially in rapidly growing communities. She also developed TreeOrd, an
interactive CD-ROM for local governments to write tree ordinances, a Community Tree Planting
Manual, Environmental Service Learning Manual, and the new Open Spaces-Clean Water
guidebook. Her recent award winning guidebook, City Trees Sustainability Guidelines and Best
Practices, has positioned trees as a capital asset and part of a community’s infrastructure. Ms.
Monear also co-produced the international award winning Public Television documentary, Spirit
of the Trees.
Ms. Monear began work in community forestry for the University of Minnesota as an Anoka
County Extension Specialist for Oak Wilt where she coordinated a statewide effort for Oak Wilt
suppression to preserve trees and promote research. She served on the Board of Trustees for
TreeLink, an international website for urban forestry, is active with the National Alliance for
Community Trees, Regional Tech Transfer Committee of the USDA Forest Service, Dallas
Urban Forestry Advisory Committee, and served on the Arboretum Advisory Council for Saint
John’s University, Collegeville, Minnesota. Monear is a frequent speaker and panelist at regional
and national environmental and land-development conferences. She is recognized nationally for
her more than 30 years of experience in urban forestry, program development and project
implementation. She has received numerous awards which include the President’s Award for the
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Minnesota Shade Tree Advisory Council (MNSTAC), Chevrolet Geo Award of Excellence,
Minnesota Shade Tree Advisory Committee Innovation Award for the City Trees Sustainability
Guidelines & Best Practices Guidebook, and the Distinguished Service Award from the
Minnesota Society of Arboriculture.
Matt Grubisich, Operations Director/Urban Forester
Matt Grubisich received his Bachelor of Science in Urban Forestry and Forest Management from
Iowa State University and has been working in the Urban Forestry field for over 13 years in the
DFW area. Matt joined the Texas Trees Foundation staff as the Operations Director/Urban
Forester in September 2010 after working 2 years as a private consulting arborist/urban forester
specializing in assisting communities, developers, landscaping companies and others with Urban
Forestry related issues. Prior to consulting, he served eight years with the Texas Forest Service
as the Regional Urban Forester serving the Dallas and surrounding areas.
Matt is a Certified Arborist with the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) and specializes
in GIS mapping, technology transfer, and eco-system analysis.
His recent work in Arlington, McKinney, Mesquite, and in Dallas has produced several tools
advancing Urban Forestry in those communities. Matt has hands-on experience with GIS based
eco-system studies and urban forestry development with federal, state, and local government
agencies, utilities, private firms, non-profits and universities.
Matt has served in a leadership position on several boards and commissions including President
of the Trinity Blacklands Urban Forestry Council, Chair of the Dallas Chapter of the Society of
American Foresters, founding member of the Dallas Urban Forestry Advisory Committee and
two terms on the Rowlett Parks and Recreation Board. He is a frequent speaker at national &
state conferences and workshops related to urban forestry and green infrastructure management.
Gordon Tyler Wright, M.S.F., Urban & Community Forester
G. Tyler Wright, a native of Lyndhurst, Virginia, earned his Bachelor of Science in Forestry
degree while attending West Virginia University (Morgantown, WV) and has a Master of
Science in Forestry from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, (Blacksburg, VA).
Tyler’s five successful internships with the F. A. Bartlett Tree Expert Company Research
Laboratory and Arboretum, earned him a position as a Plant Health Care Technician. Tyler also
worked for Davey Resource Group as a Municipal Inventory Arborist, capturing street tree data
in Spokane and Seattle, WA. In 2013, Tyler was hired by the Texas Trees Foundation as an
Urban and Community Forester. His duties include research/technology, education, outreach,
nursery management, volunteer and internship coordination, urban forest project management
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and he provides technical assistance for urban forestry consulting to municipalities, universities,
corporations and homeowners. Tyler is a Certified Arborist and has earned several awards from
Gamma Sigma Delta, WVU Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, VPI& SU Forestry
Student Graduate Association, and VPI&SU Forestry Graduate Symposium. He is a member of
the Dallas Urban Forestry Advisory Committee, Trinity Blacklands Urban Forestry Council and
the International Society of Arboriculture.