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Chemistry is the study of matter and its composition

Discovery of interactions between different types of matter (reactions)

Properties of matter can be manipulated for use by man

Properties of matter are characteristics that help you describe and identify matter

Properties can be described or measured

Subcategorized into physical and chemical properties

Physical property is a property that you can observe without changing one kind of matter into something new

Qualitative observations are based on qualities of the matter

Quantitative observations can be measured with a number and unit

Qualitative includes:

1)Physical state2)Colour3)Odour4)Crystal shape5)Malleability6)Ductility7)Hardness8)Brittleness

Quantitative includes:

1)Melting point2)Boiling point3)Density4)Solubility5)Electrical

conductivity6)Thermal

conductivity

A chemical property is a property that you can observe when one kind of matter is converted into a different kind of matter

Example: A chemical property of iron is that is reacts with oxygen to form rust

Qualitative includes:

1)Reactivity with water

2)Reactivity with air3)Reactivity with pure

oxygen4)Reactivity with acids5)Reactivity with pure

substances6)Combustibility

Quantitative includes:

1)Toxicity2)Decomposition

QuantitySI Definition SI Units Equipment used

Mass The amount of matter in an object

Gramskg, g, mg, ug

Balance

Length The distance between two points

Metresm, cm, mm

Ruler

Temperature The hotness or coldness of a substance

Kelvin (K)Degrees Celsius (oC)

Thermometer

Volume The amount of space an object occupies

Cubic metre (m3)Litre (L)Millilitre (ml)

Beaker, graduated cylinder, pipette, calculated

Mole The amount of a substance

Mole (mol) Calculated

Density Mass per unit of volume

Kg/m3 Calculated or measured

Energy The capacity to do work (to move matter)

Joule (J) Calculated

Significant digits are used for accuracy and precision

Accuracy refers to how close a given quantity is to an accepted or expected value

Precision refers to the exactness of a measurement

Matter can be classified as either a gas, liquid, or solid

Generally, as you add energy, particles move faster and farther apart

As you remove energy, particles move closer and become attracted to each other

Chemical changes are changes that alter the composition of matter

Clues include:1)Change in colour2)Temperature change3)Gas forms4)Precipitate forms5)Irreversible

Matter is either a pure substance or mixture

Pure substances have a definite composition, has the same response to physical changes

Mixtures are a physical combination of two or more kinds of matter

Elements are pure substances that cannot be separated chemically into any simpler substances

Compounds are pure substances that result when two or more elements combine chemically into a new substance

Heterogeneous mixtures are mixtures that are visibly separate

Homogenous mixtures are mixtures that are cannot be separated by eye