SNEAK PEEK: Big Guns, Brave Men: Mobile Artillery Observers and the Battle for Okinawa

7/23/2019 SNEAK PEEK: Big Guns, Brave Men: Mobile Artillery Observers and the Battle for Okinawa

1/38


2/38


3/38


4/38

T F B @ G U G N T A Z N A R F @

K F D E A G N T R E A A G T U F D Y G T \ G T Y

N @ B R M G D N R R A G L F T F C E @ N Z N

@N\NA E @ Y R E R W R GX T G Y Y

N@ @ N XF A E Y , KNTU A N@ B


5/38

@ E X45> Zffb TfnbN``npfaes, KB 4>284

48>9 dy Tfb`gy Gnra Znatf`

Naa rejmts rgsgrvgb. @f pnrt f tmes dffc kny dg rgprfbuigb fruteaezgb e` n`y frk fr dy n`y kgn`s, gagitrfèi fr kgimnèina,eìaube`j pmftfifpye`j n`b rgifrbe`j, fr dy n`y e`frkntef`stfrnjg n`b rgtregvna systgk, wetmfut pgrkessef` e` wrete`j

rfk tmg pudaesmgr.

Aedrnry f If`jrgss Intnafje`j-e`-Xudaeintef` Bntn

Znatf`, Tfb`gy Gnra. Dej ju`s, drnvg kg` ? kfdeag nrteaagry fdsgrvgrs n`b tmgdnttag fr Fce`nwn / Tfb`gy Gnra Znatf`. pnjgs ik Eìaubgs dedaefjrnpmeina rggrgìgs n`b e`bgx. EYD@ ---- (mnrbifvgr ? nac. pnpgr)

EYD@ ---- (g-dffc) . Zfrab Znr, Inkpnej`sOnpn`Fce`nwn Esan`b. . Zfrab Znr,Nrteaagry fpgrntef`s, Nkgrein`. . Wètgb Ytntgs.NrkyNrteaagryMestfrytm ig`tury. . Nrte aagrykg`Wètgb YtntgsMestfrytm ig`tury. E. etag.B..FZ

.'bi

Res pnpgr kggts tmg rgquergkg`ts f N@YE/@EYF z95.2=->554 (Xgrkn`gìg f Xnpgr).

Xre`tgb e` tmg Wètgb Ytntgs f Nkgrein.

4> 48 >5 >= >: >< >7 >2 >9 5 = : < 7 2 9 4 >

Lerst pre`te`j

Dffc bgsej` n`b ifkpfsetef`? Bnveb Naifr`, Naifr` Xudaeintef` Bgsej`


6/38

Rf tmg kgkdgrs fl tmg W.Y. Nrky nrteaagry lfrwnrb

fdsgrvntef` tgnks n`b nrteaagry aenesf` tgnks wmf

knbg tmg uatekntg snireig lfr tmger `ntef` bure`j

tmg dnttag lfr Fce`nwn, NpreaOu`g >527


7/38


8/38

\ E E

Aest f Knps n`b Imnrts ex

Nic`fwagbjkg`ts xe

E`trfbuitef` 7

IMNXRGT >. E`vg te`j tmg Nkgrein` Kfdeag Nrteaagry Fdsgrvgr 49

IMNXRGT 4. Xrgaubg tf Fce`nwn 99

IMNXRGT 9. Gnstgr E`vnsef` 29

IMNXRGT 2. Nssnuat f` Cncnzu Tebjg 79

IMNXRGT 7. Bneay Aeg 47

IMNXRGT >8.Nlgrkntm >27

Nppg`bex. Kgkfregs f Ifkdnt Aeg >7:

@ftgs >7

I F @ R G @ R Y


9/38


10/38

E ]

KN X Y

KNX > Ytrntgjei Yetuntef` e` tmg Xniei >

KNX 4 Fce`nwn 4

KNX 9 Tfutg f tmg tm Bevesef` 9

KNX 2 Rg E`vnsef` f Fce`nwn 24

KNX 7 Cncnzu Tebjg 72

KNX

KNX = Iafse`j e` f` Ymure 5=

KNX 5 Frfcu n`b Ungou-Bncg (Dej Nppag) >88 Rg G`b f Frjn`ezgb Tgsestn`ig f` Fce`nwn >>7

I M N T R Y

IMNTR N Lere`j Dnttgry Ytruiturg


11/38


12/38

] E

N I C @ F Z A G B J K G @ R Y

Aecg kn`y mestfreina niifu`ts, tmes dffc ifuab `ft mnvg dgg` wrettg`

wetmfut tmg nssestnìg f ùkgrfus pgfpag. Br. Dfyb A. Bnstrup, ifk-

kn`b mestfren` nt tmg W.Y. Nrky Lergs Ig`tgr f Gxigaagìg nt Lfrt Yeaa(Fcanmfkn), wns pnrteiuanray jrniefus e` prfvebe`j u`pudaesmgb knù-

sirepts rfk tmg Kfrres Ywgtt Aedrnry nt Lfrt Yeaa. Br. Bnstrup, n agnbe`j

nutmfrety f` tmg mestfry f nrteaagry, vgrdnaay suppagkg`tgb twf f mes

pudaesmgb niifu`ts wetm dnicjrfu`b e`frkntef` f` tmg bgvgafpkg`t

f tmg Nkgrein` nrteaagry frwnrb fdsgrvgr bure`j tmg pgrefb dgtwgg`

Zfrab Znr E n`b Zfrab Znr EE.

Dginusg et rgaegs anrjgay f` frna mestfry, tmes wfrc ifuab ft mnvg dgg`

irgntgb wetmfut tmg weaae`j`gss f sgvgrna Zfrab Znr EE vgtgrn`s tf bes-iuss tmger rgifaagitef`s wetm kg. N aest f tmg vgtgrn`s in` dg fu`b nt tmg

g`b f tmes wfrc. Ky tmn`cs jf fut tf naa f tmgk.

E` aejmt f tmg ùkdgr f insunategs f` Fce`nwn, E gat pnrteiuanray

frtu`ntg tf mnvg afintgb n gw ekpfrtn`t sfurigs (eìaube`j Ymgnmn`,

Kfyèmn`, Dfaae`jgr, Cùtsf`, Rfkpsf`, n`b Znatf`) wmf pnrteie-

pntgb e` tmg g`terg dnttag rfk tmg dgje`è`j tf tmg g`b. F tmgsg, fày

Znatf` rgigevgb gvg` n ke`fr wfu`b, n`b mg wns `gvgr fut f nitef`.

F ifursg, sfurigs wmf sgrvgb fày n pfrtef` f tmg inkpnej` nasf knbg

sejèin`t if`tredutef`s tfwnrb ky u`bgrstn`be`j f tmg dnttag.

F`g sfurig ekpfrtn`t tmrfujmfut tmes niifu`t es n sgregs f agt-

tgrs wrettg` dy nrteaagry frwnrb fdsgrvgr Tny B. Znatf` Or. (Aegutg`n`t

Znatf`), ky ntmgr. Fày f`g f tmg agttgrs wns wrettg` wmeag tmg dnttag f

Fce`nwn wns u`bgr wny, n`b tmg e`frkntef` et if`tne`s wns, fr sgiu-

rety n`b ig`sfrsmep rgnsf`s, rgantevgay uèkpfrtn`t. Znatf`, mfwgvgr,

prgpnrgb n`ftmgr sgregs f agttgrs tf kgkdgrs f mes nkeay dgje`è`jgnray e` (tmg legtm n`èvgrsnry f tmg dnttag) tmnt rgifu`t gvg`ts

dgfrg, bure`j, n`b nlgr tmg dnttag. Znatf`s agttgrs fgr n iagnr vegw f


13/38

] E E N I C @FZA G B JKG@ R Y

tmg mukn` nspgits f n frwnrb fdsgrvgrs bneay aeg e` tmg gab bure`j

tmg Fce`nwn inkpnej`.

E e`tgrvegwgb Znatf` f` vebgftnpg e` faafwe`j mes rst rgtur`veset tf Fce`nwn. Mg wns e`tgrvegwgb njne` e` Ou`g bure`j mes sgi-

f`b rgtur` veset ns pnrt f tmg ifkkgkfrntef` igrgkfègs. N pfrtef`

f tmes sgif`b e`tgrvegw, if`buitgb dy Nssfientg Xrfgssfr N. X. Og`ce`s

f tmg Wèvgrsety f tmg Tyucyus, wns pudaesmgb e` n prgbfke`n`tay

Onpn`gsg-an`junjg dffcagt if`tneè`j kgkfregs f tmg lgg` ygnrs bur-

e`j wmeim Onpn` wns g`jnjgb e` wnr wetm Ime`n n`b ftmgr `ntef`s bur-

e`j tmg s n`b s.

Znatf`s kgkfregs f Fce`nwn nrg u`frtu`ntgay eìfkpagtg. Ftmgrtmn` tmg Nprea , , an`be`js n`b tmg Nprea , , nssnuat f` Cncnzu

Tebjg, mg ifuab rgifaagit aettag f mes fdsgrvntef` tgnks rfag e` tmg sge-

zurg f cgy fdogitevgs f tmg tm E`n`try Bevesef` suim ns Mnicsnw (fr

Ynwtfftm) Tebjg, Ifèina Meaa, tmg Dej Nppag, n`b tmg Kgbggrn pficgt.

Mg wns u`ndag tf suppay bntgs n`b afintef`s fr tmg pmftfjrnpms rfk

mes ifaagitef` tmnt nrg eìaubgb e` tmes niifu`t, natmfujm tmg bry`gss f

tmg an`bsinpg gaeke`ntgs tmg pgrefb wmg` tmgrg wgrg mgnvy rne`s (antg

Knygnray Ou`g ).

wf ekpfrtn`t kgkdgrs f Znatf`s frwnrb fdsgrvntef` tgnk, Lrgb

Jfgdga n`b Jgfrjg Nr`fab, wgrg dgaegvgb tf dg bgignsgb n`b tmgrgfrg

ifuab `ft dg e`tgrvegwgb, dut E beb mnvg niigss tf twf f Jfgdgas agttgrs

rfk Ou`g . Jfgdga wns n` gàestgb kn` wmf wns tmg sgif`b e` ifk-

kn`b f Znatf`s gab fdsgrvntef` tgnk fr kfst f tmg dnttag. Rg agt-

tgrs sny aettag ndfut tmg dnttag dut nrg sejèin`t e` tmnt tmgy bgkf`strntg

tmg insunategs dge`j tncg` dy tmg nrteaagrykg` f D Dnttgry. Rg agttgrs

nasf rgvgna sfkgtme`j ndfut tmg rgantef`smep dgtwgg` figrs n`b kg`

e` tmg frwnrb fdsgrvntef` tgnks.

E if`buitgb n ag`jtmy e`tgrvegw wetm Imnrags Ymgnmn`, n` nrteaagry

figr wmf wns rfk tmg snkg nrteaagry dnttnaef` ns Znatf` n`b prfvebgb

nrteaagry suppfrt tf tmg snkg st E`n`try Tgjekg`t. E nasf e`tgrvegwgb

Bf`nab Durreaa, f`g f Ymgnmn`s sudfrbe`ntg fdsgrvgrs, ifìgrè`j mes

mgrfei if`buit gnray e` tmg inkpnej`. Imnrags X. Kfyèmn`s e`tgrvegw

prfvebgs tmg pfe`t f vegw f n` gàestgb nrteaagrykn`. E` nbbetef` tfDfaae`jgr, E e`tgrvegwgb twf ftmgr e`n`trykg` rfk tmg `b Dnttnaef`,

dftm rfk tmg gàestgb rn`cs.


14/38

N I C @FZA G B JKG@ R Y ] E E E

wf vesets tf tmg dnttaggabs f Fce`nwn, niifkpnègb f` dftm fiin-

sef`s dy Znatf`, if`tredutgb bgtneas ndfut tmg dnttaggab setgs. Bure`j

tmg rst veset, e` , wg wgrg preveagjgb tf mnvg ns fur juebg Ks.Ygtsucf E`nucu, n `ntevg Fce`nwn` wmf mnb survevgb tmg dnttag ns n`

e`n`t. Dginusg tmgrg es steaa n anrjg if`te`jg`t f Knre`gs f` Fce`nwn,

tmes juebg `frknaay fiusgb mgr tfurs f` tmg nrgns wmgrg tmg Knre`gs

fujmt, dut smg wns ce`b g`fujm tf tncg us tf sfkg f tmg nrgns wmgrg

tmg Nrky fujmt ns wgaa.

N sgif`b trep, e` , f` tmg legtm n`èvgrsnry f tmg dnttag,

fiusgb f` nrgns wmgrg tmg tm Bevesef` mnb fujmt. Res eìaubgb n

veset tf tmg `gnrdy esan`b f Eg Ymekn, wmgrg tmg tm Bevesef` fujmtn`b wmgrg tmg nkfus `gwspnpgr ifrrgspf`bg`t Grèg Xyag begb. Rg

tfur wns spf`sfrgb dy \nafr furs n`b juebgb dy W.Y. sgrveigkg` stn-

tef`gb f` tmg esan`b f Fce`nwn. E pnrteiuanray wn`t tf tmn`c Bf`nab

Bgìcgr, n tm Bevesef` vgtgrn` f tmg dnttag n`b antgr tmg nutmfr f n`

e`n`trykn s kgkfer f tmg dnttag.

Ygvgrna kgkdgrs f tmg tfur jrfup wgrg vgtgrn`s f tmg tm

Bevesef`. Bure`j tmes trep Iurt Yprgimgr, n` e`n`trykn` rfk tmg dnt-

tnaef` suppfrtgb dy At. Znatf`, besiussgb mes rgifaagitef`s f tmg dnttag

f` tmg vgry setg wmgrg mg mnb dgg` wmg` n` nrteaagry fdsgrvntef` figr

wns ceaagb gnrdy.

Nasf niifkpn`ye`j tmg tfur jrfup wgrg Zeaaenk I. Duic`gr n`b

Knry Duic`gr Drudncgr, tmg sf` n`b bnujmtgr f At. Jg`. Yekf` Dfaevnr

Duic`gr Or. wmf ce`bay knbg nvneandag tf tfur kgkdgrs tmg jg`grnas agt-

tgrs wrettg` e` iafsg prfxekety tf n`b bure`j tmg Fce`nwn inkpnej`. Rg

tm Bevesef` Nssfientef` (gspgienaay trgnsurgr Tfdgrt Yimkebt n`b mes-

tfren` Bf`nab Bgìcgr) wns mgapua e` bergite`j kg tf tmg npprfprentg

vgtgrn`s tf e tgrvegw. Natmfujm tmgy kny `ft mnvg njrggb wetm naa f ky

ifìausef`s, Bgìcgr, rgtergb Knre`g Ifrps ifaf`ga Ofsgpm Nagxn`bgr,

n`b nttfr`gy Nan` Imrestg`gab prfvebgb mgapua nssestnìg dy ifk-

kg`te`j f` n brnl f ky bessgrtntef`. Ky sestgr-e`-anw Xgjjy Znatf`

mgapgb prffrgnb f`g brnl. Natmfujm Br. Grei Aggb rgtergb rfk tmg

Lafrebn E`tgr`ntef`na Wèvgrsety Mestfry Bgpnrtkg`t dgfrg E mnb dgju`

tmg Xm.B. prfjrnk n`b tmus beb ft sgrvg f` ky bessgrtntef` ifkkettgg,mg `f`gtmgagss e`trfbuigb kg tf frna mestfry n`b sfkg f ets tgimèqugs

dy naafwe`j kg tf nssest f` f`g f mes prfogits bure`j tmg s.


15/38

] E \ N I C @FZA G B JKG@ R Y

Res dffc mns ets freje`s e` ky jrnbuntg wfrc nt Lafrebn E`tgr`ntef`na

Wèvgrsety. Yimfanrs sggce`j kfrg bgtneagb bfiukg`tntef` f tmes

niifu`t kny wesm tf rggr tf ky bessgrtntef`, wmeim es aestgb e` tmg dedae-fjrnpmy. Br. Bnrbg` Xyrf`, tmg freje`na fu`be`j kgkdgr f tmg Mestfry

Bgpnrtkg`t, u`bgrtffc tmg f`grfus tnsc f bergite`j ky rgsgnrim prfo-

git n`b sgrve`j ns imner f ky bessgrtntef` ifkkettgg. Mg mnb netm e`

tmg ninbgkei agjetekniy f tmes prfogit af`j dgfrg E beb. Kfrg tmn`

n bfzg` ygnrs njf (n`b wgaa dgfrg E dginkg n Xm.B. stubg`t e` mes-

tfry), Br. Xyrf` gìfurnjgb kg tf if`sebgr gxpn`be`j ky rgsgnrim f`

Fce`nwn. Gnim bessgrtntef` ifkkettgg kgkdgr if`tredutgb ns wgaa.

Br. Jwy` Bnvegs gìfurnjgb kg tf gxnke`g tmg bgvgafpkg`t f tmgfrwnrb fdsgrvgr wetme` tmg nrteaagry drnìm. Br. Cg``gtm Aepnrtetf

gìfurnjgb kg tf g`reim tmg sfiena mestfry f tmg Fce`nwn inkpnej` dy

gxnkeè`j tmg bneay aeg gxpgregìgs f tmg fdsgrvgrs. Br. Tnapm Iagk, n

beste`juesmgb keaetnry vgtgrn`, gìfurnjgb kg tf gxnke`g tmg ekpnit f

reg`bay rg e` tmg iruiedag f tmg Fce`nwn inkpnej`. E nk e`bgdtgb tf

tmg g`terg ifkkettgg. N`y grrfrs, f ifursg, nrg ke`g naf`g.


16/38


17/38


18/38

Knp>.

Ytrntgjei

Yet

untef`

e`

tmg

Xniei

Nbnptntef`dyImnragsJ

rgnrdnsgbf`knpEe`TfyG.Nppagkn`,OnkgsK.Dur`s,T

ussgaaN.Jujgagr,n`b

Ofm`Ytgvg`s,Fce`nwn?RgAnstDnttag(Znsme`jtf`,B.I.?Ig`tgrflKeaetnryM

estfry,,).


19/38

Knp 4. Fce`nwnNbnptntef` dy Imnrags Jrgnr dnsgb f` knp e` Fran`bf T. Bnvebsf`, O. Inra

Zeaagks, n`b Ofsgpm N. Cnma, Rg Bgnbgygs? Rg Ytfry fl tmg tm E`ln`try Bevesef`

(@nsmveaag? Dnttgry Xrgss, , ).


20/38

Knp 9.Tfutg fl tmg 5


21/38


22/38

7

Z

frab Znr EE () wns tmg anrjgst n`b bgnbaegst if`ffleit e` mes-

tfry. Rg Xniei tmgntgr naf`g wns n knssevg u`bgrtnce`j. Rg

frigs tmnt fujmt tmgrgOnpn`gsg, Nkgrein`s, n`b tmger rgspgi-tevg naaegskfdeaezgb keaaef`s f pgfpag wmf fujmt fvgr n vnst nrgn f`g

n`b n mna tekgs tmg sezg f tmg Gurfpgn` tmgntgr fr nakfst fur ygnrs.

Lfaafwe`j tmg bgvnstnte`j nttnic nt Xgnra Mnrdfr e` , Nkgrein` frigs

fujmt tmger wny nirfss tmg Ig`trna n`b Yfutmgr` Xniei, esan`b dy esan`b,

e` tmg nig f stnuìm Onpn`gsg rgsestnìg. Zmg` tmg jrgnt if`ffleit wns `-

esmgb, twg`ty keaaef` pgfpag mnb pgresmgb e` tmg Ime`n-Xniei tmgntgr.

F tmg kn`y Xniei dnttags, Fce`nwn stn`bs fut ns dftm tmg `na

knofr Nkgrein` an`b dnttag f Zfrab Znr EE n`b tmg jrgntgst ner-sgn dnt-

tag e` mestfry. Onpn`gsg rgsestnìg anstgb kfrg tmn` gejmty bnys, dgtwgg`

Nprea n`b Ou`g . Rg futifkg f tmg Xniei wnr wns nt stncg3 Fce`nwn

wfuab prfvebg Nkgrein` frigs wetm tmg `nvna pfrt n`b ner dnsgs `gigs-

snry fr tmg n`teiepntgb e`vnsef` f Onpn`. Fce`nwn mns nasf dgg` inaagb

tmg daffbegst an`b dnttag f tmg Xniei wnr3 , Nkgrein`s begb tmgrg,

n`b tmg tftna W.Y. insunategs, eìaube`j wfu`bgb n`b `f`dnttag insunategs,

ùkdgrgb kfrg tmn` ,.Rg fiena W.Y. Nrky mestfry f tmg dnt-

tag gstekntgb , Onpn`gsg bgntms wetm fày , Onpn`gsg presf`grs

inpturgb. N` gstekntgb , Fce`nwn` ieveaen`s wgrg ceaagb ns wgaa.

N mna ig`tury nlgr tmg dnttag, n` Nkgrein` strntgjei n`nayst imnr-

nitgrezgb tmg Onpn`gsg ifkkn`bgr, At. Jg`. Ketsuru Wsmeoekn, n`b

mes frigs f` Fce`nwn ns tmg dgst tmg Onpn`gsg mnb.Ifa. Merfkeime

Unmnrn, f`g f tmg mejmgst-rn`ce`j Onpn`gsg figrs tf survevg tmg dnttag,

bgsiredgb et ns tmg wfrst jmte`j f tmg Xniei wnr, ets sustne`gb e`tg`-

sety surpnsse`j gvg` tmg drutna ifkdnt f nrnwn, Xgagaeu, n`b Ewf Oekn.

Fce`nwn wns tmg fày dnttag f tmg Xniei wnr e` wmeim tmg ifkkn`be`j

jg`grnas f` dftm sebgs afst tmger aevgs.

E @ R T F B W I R E F @


23/38

< E @ R T F BWI R E F @

Legab nrteaagry panygb n ireteina rfag e` tmg dnttag. Natmfujm tmg

Onpn`gsg nrky mnb trnbetef`naay gkpmnsezgb aejmt e`n`try tniteis,

Fce`nwn sej`nagb n smel tfwnrb nrteaagry.

Rg Onpn`gsg bespntimgb f`gf tmger kfst rgspgitgb nrteaagry gxpgrts, At. Jg`. Znbn Cfsucg, tf ifk-

kn`b tmg esan`bs dej ju`s.Rgy nasf ifìg`trntgb kfrg nrteaagry pegigs

f` Fce`nwn tmn` n`ywmgrg gasg e` tmg Xniei.At. Jg`. Yekf` Dfaevnr

Duic`gr Or., tmg Nkgrein` ifkkn`bgr f` Fce`nwn n`b tmg mejmgst-

rn`ce`j W.Y. figr tf beg e` ifkdnt bure`j Zfrab Znr EE, wns ceaagb dy

Onpn`gsg nrteaagry rg.

E` tmg gvg`t, W.Y. nrteaagry kntimgb tmg Onpn`gsg e` e`tg`sety n`b sur-

pnssgb et e` ggitevg`gss. Et wns `f niiebg`t tmnt Nkgrein` nrteaagryprfvgb supgrefr. Rg rfu`b-tmg-iafic prgsgìg f nrteaagry fdsgrvgrs

prfvebgb Nkgrein` e`n`try wetm kuim nstgr nrteaagry suppfrt tmn` tmg

sex-mfur tekg anj rgpfrtgb fr tmg Onpn`gsg nrky.Rg W.Y. Nrkys usg

f frwnrb nrteaagry fdsgrvgrs wns nt agnst e` pnrt n` gfrt tf nvfeb tmg

nrteaagry reg`bay rg prfdagks tmnt mnb fiiurrgb e` sfkg nrkegs bur-

e`j Zfrab Znr E. Res dffc gxnke`gs f`g sfurig f Nkgrein` nrteaagry

supgrefrety f` Fce`nwn, e` pnrteiuanr, rf`tae`g nrteaagry suppfrt. Kfrg

spgieinaay, et n`nayzgs tmg rfag f W.Y. Nrky frwnrb nrteaagry fdsgrvgrs,

n metmgrtf u`bgrstubegb pnrt f tmg dnttag n`b f tmg wnr etsga.

Nrteaagry fdsgrvgrs wgrg fr tmg kfst pnrt keb-agvga, kebbag-ianss

figrs wetmfut n jrgnt bgna f ifkdnt gxpgregìg dut e`tgaaejg`t g`fujm

tf kncg tmg inaiuantef`s `gigssnry tf prfvebg niiurntg nrteaagry sup-

pfrt. Rgy wegabgb n bgnbay wgnpf` tmnt ifuab e`ffleit mujg bnknjg

f` reg`bay ns wgaa ns g`gky frigs. Aecg tmg e`n`trykg` tmgy wfrcgb

naf`jsebg, tmgy nigb if`stn`t bn`jgr. Ifkpagx rgantef smeps frk wmg`

rgantevgay e`gxpgregìgb keb-rn`ce`j kg` rfk n begrg`t ifkdnt nrk

nrg ekdgbbgb wetme` n vgtgrn` e`n`try uèt (wetm aettag tfagrnìg fr

grrfr) e` n ifkdnt setuntef`.

Res dffc es e`tg`bgb tf uaaa sex jfnas. Rg rst jfna es tf suppag-

kg`t Fce`nwn? Rg Anst Dnttag, dy Tfy Nppagkn`, Onkgs Dur`s, Tussgaa

Jujgagr, n`b Ofm` Ytgvg`s, wmeim bgspetg tmg pnssnjg f sexty ygnrs

rgkne`s tmg Dedag f tmg inkpnej`.N` gnray rgvegwgr `ftgb tmnt tmg

dffc rgprgsg`tgb tmg uatekntg bgvgafpkg`t f . . . kgtmfbs gkpafygbdy tmg Znr Bgpnrtkg`t tf fdtne` mestfreina ifvgrnjg f fpgrntef`s.

Natmfujm Nppagkn`s wfrc dgnrs tmg tne`t f dge`j n` fiena mestfry,


24/38

E @ R T F BWI R E F @ :

et rgprgsg`ts tmg npgx f tmnt typg f niifu`t. N`ftmgr prfke`g`t rgvegwgr

`ftgb tmnt Fce`nwn wns `ft fày tmg anst n`b jrgntgst an`b dnttag e` tmg

Xniei3 et wns nasf tmg rst e` wmeim trne`gb mestfreina pgrsf``ga wgrgnttnimgb tf bevesef`s, ifrps, n`b nrky. Kno. Tfy Nppagkn` sgrvgb

f` tmg sig`g ns tmg mestfren` fr ]]E\ Ifrps, tmg mgnbqunrtgrs fr naa

W.Y. Nrky kn`guvgr uèts f` tmg esan`b. Inpt. Imnrags Ymgnmn` inaagb

Nppagkn`s ifvgrnjg f tmg st E`n`try Tgjekg`ttmg uèt Ymgnmn`

mnb suppfrtgbvgry ifkpagtg.Nppagkn`s gxtg`sevg knps naf`g nrg

wfrtm tmg preig f tmg dffc.

Nppagkn`s tgxt mns ekprgssevg strg`jtmspnrteiuanray e` ets ifvgr-

njg f e`n`try n`b nrkfr fpgrntef`s. Et gkpmnsezgs tn`c-e`n`try tgnksns ig`trna tf tmg Nkgrein` veitfry, iete`j tmg ekpfrtnìg f tmg fflnkg

n`b bgkfaetef` tmnt bgstrfygb tmg Onpn`gsg e` tmger strf`jmfabs. Dfd

Jrgg`, n` nrkfr aegutg`n`t e` tmg dnttag f Fce`nwn, wrftg e`

tmnt tmg usg f tmgsg bendfaeina knime`gs Sfflnkg-tmrfwe`j tn`cs[ if`-

tredutgb kfrg tf tmg bggnt f tmg Onpn`gsg f` Fce`nwn tmn` n`y ftmgr

Nkgrein` wgnpf`. Jg`grna Duic`gr inaagb tmes kgtmfb f ifkdeè`j

aequeb fflnkg n`b gxpafsevgs tmg dafwtfrim n`b ifrcsirgw kgtmfb.

Kfst f tmg tgxts wrettg` nlgr Nppagkn`s, eìaube`j e` tmg twg`ty-rst

ig`tury, aecgwesg rgfflgit tmg vegwpfe`t f tmg e`n`trykg` wmf fujmt f`

Fce`nwn n`b gkpmnsezg tmg nrkfr n`b e`n`try nspgits f tmg dnttag.

Bgspetg ets af`jgvety ns tmg ianssei niifu`t f tmg dnttag, Nppagkn`s

dffc mns ets wgnc`gssgs. F`g es tmnt et bfw`panys tmg rfag f nrteaagry rga-

ntevg tf tmnt f e`n`try. Imgstgr Ytnrr, n prfke`g`t mestfren` f nìeg`t

Gurfpg n`b n mestfren` f tmg W.Y. Nrkys Zfrab Znr EE Etnaen` ink-

pnej`, ireteiezgb tmg dffc fr jeve`j tmg ekprgssef` tmnt nrteaagry prgpn-

rntef`s wgrg f budefus vnaug3 fày wmg` n` fdsgrvgr ifuab nitunaay sgg

n spgiei tnrjgt wgrg gvg` -eìm dnttagsmep smgaas f usg. Onkgs N.

Legab Or. sekeanray qugstef`gb Nppagkn`s trgntkg`t f nrteaagry, `fte`j

Nppagkn`s neaurg tf e`beintg mfw ifkkn`bgrs rgqugstgb nrteaagry rg

n`b mfw queicay tmg nrteaagry rgspf`bgb.N`ftmgr rgvegwgr nasf ifk-

pane`gb ndfut Nppagkn`s neaurg tf mejmaejmt tmg nrteaagrys if`tredu-

tef`s tf tmg dnttag.

Yuim ireteiesks nrg vnaeb. Jg`grna Duic`gr faafwgb frtmfbfx W.Y.Nrky bfitre`g, wmeim rgaegb f` tmg usg f mgnvy nrteaagry tf gaeke`ntg

g`gky rgsestnìg. F` Nprea , , fr gxnkpag, Duic`gr wrftg tf


25/38

= E @ R T F BWI R E F @

mes weg? Rg nrteaagry es dgje`è`j tf rfnr bfw` nt tmg rf`t n`b pnrn-

imutg fflnrgs nrg aejmte`j up tmg wmfag scy. Res prfdnday kgn`s tmnt tmg

Onps nrg putte`j f` n èjmt ifu`tgr-nttnic. E mfpg sf seìg tmes weaa dre`jtmgk fut f tmger invgs n`b wg in` usg fur nrteaagry f` tmgk wetm jffb

ggit. Rg dnttag f Fce`nwn, niifrbe`j tf tmg nutmfrs f tmg tm

E`n`try Bevesef` mestfry, tmus prfbuigb tmg jrgntgst nrteaagry bugas e`

tmg wnr njne`st tmg Onpn`gsg. @gwspnpgrkg` panigb et f` pnr wetm tmg

jrgnt nrteaagry dnttags e` tmg Gurfpgn` tmgntgr.E`bggb, Duic`gr ireteis

suim ns Jg`. Ofsgpm \e`gjnr Ofg Yteawgaa fdogitgb tf mes mgnvy gkpmn-

ses f` nrteaagry.

Rg sgif`b jfna, e` nbbetef` tf jeve`j nrteaagry ets rejmtua panig e`tmg dnttag fr Fce`nwn, es tf eaauke`ntg tmg Fce`nwn inkpnej` rfk tmg

pfe`t f vegw f tmg kg` wmf prfvebgb rf`tae`g nrteaagry suppfrt tf

W.Y. Nrky e`n`try uèts. Mestfren` Fran`bf Bnvebsf` inaagb tmgsg kg`

nkf`j tmg agnst rgifjèzgb mgrfgs f tmg wnr, n`b C. X. Of`gs, n frwnrb

fdsgrvgr e` tmg Gurfpgn` tmgntgr, njrggb tmnt aettag mns dgg` sneb fr

wrettg` ndfut tmger gxpafets. Ugt, twf ninbgkei mestfren`s wrete`j n sur-

vgy f Zfrab Znr EE bgsiredgb tmg frwnrb fdsgrvntef` tgnk ns prfdn-

day tmg se`jag kfst ggitevg ceaagr e` jrfu`b ifkdnt, n`b Dfyb Bnstrup

`ftgs tmnt tmg nppgnrnìg f `gw rg if`trfa tgimèqugs n`b pfrtndag

gab rnbefs prfvebgb tmg kfst strece`j begrgìg dgtwgg` Zfrab Znr EE

n`b Zfrab Znr E gab nrteaagry inpndeaetegs.

Nrteaagry fdsgrvgrs fpgrntgb e` sknaa jrfups inaagb frwnrb fdsgrvgr

tgnks n`b aenesf` tgnks tmnt wgrg stntef`gb `gnr tmg ae`g f dnttag etsga.

Rg kfdeag frwnrb fdsgrvgr `ft fày sgrvgb ns tmg gygs f tmg nrtea-

agry, mg nasf mgapgb ftmgr sgrveig drnìmgs ns wgaa. Gvg` e` panigs aecg

Fce`nwn, wmgrg tmg gxtg`sevg Onpn`gsg u`bgrjrfu`b frteintef`s agss-

g`gb tmg ggit f nrteaagry, n ifkde`gb nrks npprfnim wns n` gssg`-

tena e`jrgbeg`t tf veitfry. Ns tmg fày nrteaagrykn` wmf ifuab sgg wmnt

tmg kn`guvgr ifkkn`bgr wns sgge`j, tmg frwnrb fdsgrvgr tmus tegb

tfjgtmgr tmg vnrefus ifkdnt nrks.Rg frwnrb fdsgrvgr mnb tf u`bgr-

stn`b `ft fày mfw tmg nrteaagry uìtef`gb dut nasf mfw tmg e`n`try (fr

nrkfr) fpgrntgb.Zetmfut mes iffrbe`nte`j gfrts, frwnrb prfjrgss

f` tmg dnttaggab wns beiuat e`bggb. Gnraegr dffcs f` tmg sudogit f tmgNkgrein` frwnrb fdsgrvgr trgnt tmg Gurfpgn`@frtm Nrein` tmgntgr

gxiausevgay.Res dffc ifkpagtgs tmg peiturg.


26/38

E @ R T F BWI R E F @ 5

Rerb, tmes wfrc gxpafrgs tmg prfdagk f reg`bay rg. Zmg` tmes prfo-

git wns ifìgevgb e` tmg s, E mnb `f pan`s tf ifvgr tmes tfpei. Rg

sudogit f smfrt rfu`bs, mfwgvgr, bgvgafpgb e`tf n ireteina pnrt f tmgdffc. Rg essug wns f fdvefus ekpfrtnìg dginusg tmg nrteaagrykg`

tmgksgavgs (ns wgaa ns sfkg f tmg e`n`trykg`) if`sestg`tay vfau`tggrgb

e`frkntef` f` tmes pfe`t, iete`j reg`bay rg ns n if`stn`t sfurig f prgs-

surg f` tmg fdsgrvgrs. F`g tm Bevesef` fdsgrvgr, n vgtgrn` f Agytg

n`b Fce`nwn, rginaagb tmnt et wns `grvg-wrnice`j gnre`j tf rg f`

yfur fw` e`n`try. Rn`c Jfb et `gvgr mnppg`gb tf kg.Lurtmgrkfrg,

reg`bay rg wns prfke`g`tay besiussgb e` tmg bneay rgpfrts prgpnrgb dy

keaetnry uèts wmeag tmg nitef` wns steaa rnje`j e` 3 n`b ygt tmg gxest-e`j Fce`nwn aetgrnturg anrjgay ej`frgs et.

Rg furtm jfna f tmes dffc es tf ifrrgit n mestfreina ekdnanìg.

Bgspetg ets knjètubg, nr agss nttg`tef` mns dgg` pneb tf tmg Fce`nwn

inkpnej` tmn` tf Ewf Oekn, Junbnain`na, n`b nrnwn. Gvg` nt tmg

tekg et wns tnce`j panig, tmg Fce`nwn inkpnej` wns fvgrsmnbfwgb dy

suim gnrtm-smnce`j gvg`ts ns tmg bgntm f Xrgsebg t Lrn`cae` Tffsgvgat

n`b tmg surrg`bgr f Jgrkn`y. Ymfrtay nlgr tmg inkpnej` g`bgb, tmg

Xftsbnk If`grgìg, tmg ntfkei dfkd, n`b tmg surrg`bgr f Onpn`

ekkgbentgay ndsfrdgb tmg pudaeis nttg`tef`. Lfr tff kn`y pgfpag,

tmg Xniei wnr if`sests preknreay f Xgnra Mnrdfr, Ewf Oekn, n`b tmg

ntfkei dfkds.

Lelm, tmes dffc nbbrgssgs n`ftmgr ce`b f ekdnanìg prgsg`t gvg` e`

tmg gxeste`j aetgrnturg f` Fce`nwn. Kuim f wmnt mns dgg` wrettg` ndfut

tmg inkpnej` ig`tgrs f` tmg nitevetegs f tmg W.Y. Knre`g Ifrps.E`bggb,

tmg ianssei niifu`t f n Zfrab Znr EE e`n`trykn` es G. D. Yagbjgs Zetm

tmg Fab Drggb nt Xgagaeu n`b Fce`nwn(). Rg `nvna nspgits f tmg dnt-

tag, wmeim wgrg sudstn`tena, mnvg nasf dgg` rgifu`tgb.Gvg` tmg Onpn`gsg

vegwpfe`t mns dgg` pudaesmgb, bgspetg tmg bgstruitef` f pgrig t f tmg

Onpn`gsg nrky.Rg an`b inkpnej` f` Fce`nwn, mfwgvgr, wns preknreay

n` Nrky dnttag n`b wns ifkkn`bgb dy n` Nrky jg`grna.

@f se`jag dffc, f ifursg, in` ifvgr tmg gxpgregìgs f naa tmg W.Y.

Nrky nrteaagrykg` f` Fce`nwn. Res wfrc fiusgs f` rg suppfrt rg`-

bgrgb tf f`g f tmg tm E`n`try Bevesef`s tmrgg e`n`try rgjekg`ts,tmg st E`n`try Tgjekg`t. N` e`n`try rgjekg`t ifkpresgb rfujmay

tmrgg tmfusn`b kg`. Rg uèt rgpfrt fr Nprea , tmg rst bny f


27/38

>8 E @ R T F BWI R E F @

tmg Fce`nwn inkpnej`smfws tmg st tf mnvg dgg` nutmfrezgb

figrs n`b , gàestgb kg`, natmfujm et wns smfrt figrs n`b

gàestgb kg` nt tmnt pfe`t. Rg rgjekg`t if`sestgb f tmrgg dnttna-ef`s f e`n`try, tmg st, `b, n`b rb, paus n mgnbqunrtgrs ifkpn`y, n`

n`tetn`c ifkpn`y, n in``f` ifkpn`y, n sgrveig ifkpn`y, n`b n kgbe-

ina bgtnimkg`t.Rg preknry nrteaagry rg suppfrt fr tmg st inkg

rfk tmg st Legab Nrteaagry Dnttnaef`, f`g f fur gab nrteaagry dnttna-

ef`s dgaf`je`j tf tmg tm Bevesef`. Rgsg fur dnttnaef`s rgb ,

rfu`bs bure`j tmg Fce`nwn inkpnej`. Rg frwnrb fdsgrvgrs n`b aene-

sf` figrs f tmg st flg` mnb nvneandag tf tmgk nrteaagry rg rfk

ftmgr sfurigs ns wgaa, eìaube`j nbonig`t uèts (Nrky, Knre`g Ifrps,n`b @nvy), Nrky ifrpsagvga nrteaagry, `nvna ju`rg, n`b tniteina ner

suppfrt.Res dffc es `ft e`tg`bgb tf dg n tgimèina n`nayses f nrtea-

agry suppfrt e` tmg Fce`nwn inkpnej`3 e`stgnb et fiusgs f` tmg gxpgre-

gìg f dnttag n`b tregs tf rgif`struit tmg nkdegìg n`b tmg imrf`fafjy

f rf`tae`g nrteaagry ifkdnt f` Fce`nwn.

Yextm, tmes dffc gxnke`gs tmg mukn` gxpgregìg f ifkdnt fr tmg

kg` wmf if`trfaagb tmg nwgsfkg rgpfwgr f Zfrab Znr EE nrteaagry.

Zmnt wgrg tmger ekprgssef`s, mfpgs, n`b gnrs6 Zmnt wgrg tmger sui-

igssgs n`b tmger neaurgs6 Zmnt ifìgr`s steaa mnu`tgb tmgk wmg` tmgy

rgifrbgb tmger kgkfregs kfrg tmn` mna n ig`tury nlgr tmg inkpnej`

g`bgb6 Zmnt wns aeg aecg e` tmg kubby fxmfags n`b in`vns tg`ts f

tmg Fce`nwn inkpnej`6 Zmnt wgrg tmger rgantef`s wetm ftmgr kgk-

dgrs f tmg frwnrb fdsgrvntef` n`b aenesf` tgnks6 Zmnt wgrg tmger

rgantef`s wetm tmg e`n`try uèts tmgy suppfrtgbe` pnrteiuanr wetm

tmg ifkkn`bgrs f tmfsg frkntef`s, wmf flg` sgt tmg njg`bn fr tmg

nrteaagry suppfrt6

E weaa nbbrgss tmgsg essugs imrf`fafjeinaay, dgje`è`j wetm tmg gvg`ts

agnbe`j up tf tmg e`vnsef` f Fce`nwn n`b g`be`j wetm tmg surrg`-

bgr f Onpn` e` Ygptgkdgr ns ifkdnt trffps rfk Fce`nwn wgrg

dge`j rgbgpafygb. Rg kfst bgtneagb ifvgrnjg es fr tmg pgrefb Nprea ,

(tmg e`vnsef` f Fce`nwn), tf Ou`g , (tmg g`b f frjnèzgb

Onpn`gsg rgsestnìg f` Fce`nwn).

Frna mestfry es ig`trna tf tmes niifu`t.

Rg usg f frna e`tgrvegwsdueabs f` n kgtmfbfafjy gstndaesmgb nt agnst ns gnray ns tmg Jrggc keae-

tnry mestfren`s f tmg lm ig`tury DI. Rg Jrggc mestfren` Ruiybebgs,


28/38

E @ R T F BWI R E F @ >>

wmf aevgb rfk ndfut DI tf ndfut DI, usgb frna mestfry tf ifa-

agit e`frkntef` fr mes nkfus niifu`t f tmg Xgafpf``gsen` Znr.

Fày e` tmg keb-twg`tegtm ig`tury, mfwgvgr, beb frna mestfry ifkge`tf rgqug`t usg e` n kfbgr` keaetnry if`tgxt, e` ifòuìtef` wetm

tmg e`vg`tef` f tmg pfrtndag tnpg rgifrbgr n`b tmg rgnby nvneandeaety f

gbuintgb pgrsf``ga tf nit ns e`tgrvegwgrs. Rg typg f kfbgr` e`bus-

trena wnrnrg fujmt e` Zfrab Znr EE rgsuatgb e` knssevg insunategs n`b

mnb webgsprgnb sfiegtna ekpnits. Keaaef`s f frbe`nry e`bevebunas wgrg

if`sireptgb fr vfau`tggrgb tf jmt, n`b gnim sfabegr, sneafr, n`b ner pgr-

sf``ga mnb n uèqug gxpgregìg. Kfbgr` tgimèqugs f frna mestfry

mnvg knbg et pfssedag tf ifaagit n`b nrimevg tmger kgkfregs.E`tgrvegws wetm vgtgrn`s in` yegab rnjkg`ts f keaetnry mestfry af`j

nlgr n dnttag es fvgr.Keaetnry mestfren`s nrg wgaa nwnrg tmnt kgkfregs

nbg n`b dgifkg agss rgaendag fvgr tekg, f ifursg. Mestfren` Ytgpmg`

Gvgrgtt `ftgb tmnt e`tgrvegws if`buitgb kf`tms fr ygnrs nlgr tmg nit

in``ft rgpaeintg tmg rgsm`gss, niiurniy, n`b bgtneas f tmfsg if`buitgb

wetme` n gw bnys f tmg nituna gvg`ts. Gvgrgtt nasf rgifjèzgb tmnt ns

tekg eìrgnsgs dgtwgg` n` gxpgregìg n`b ets rgifu`te`j, e`bevebunas

tg`b tf if`bg`sg tmg sgqugìg f gvg`ts n`b fket ireteina nitef`s n`b

oubjkg`ts.

Dnttaggab kgkfregs kny dg kfrg rgaendag tmn` kfst e` tmnt rgjnrb.

Rgy nrg flg` dur`gb e`tf tmg vgtgrn`s ke`b, pgrmnps dginusg f tmg

nbrg`nae` fflfw tmnt dnttag jg`grntgs.Yfkg vgtgrn`s in` rginaa bgtneas

f n dnttag tmnt tffc panig n mna ig`tury njf dgttgr tmn` gvg`ts f anst

wggc.\gtgrn`s tmgksgavgs mnvg ftgb tmg uùsuna af`jgvety f wnrtekg

kgkfregs. Znr es n trnjeigxmeanrnte`j gxpgregìg, Imnrags Ymgnmn`

gxpane`gb tf kg. Rg kgkfry f Set[ steics aecg jaug e` tmg dnic rfnbs f

fur ke`bs. Rg ygnrs rfaa naf`j bginbg nlgr bginbg e` fur ieveaen` pur-

suets. Mfwgvgr, tekg weaa gvgr grnsg tmg tekgs wmg` f`gs dfby n`b sfua

wgrg f` tmg gbjg f tmg ndyss.

Rg vgtgrn`s fw` ifkketkg`t tf tmg frna mestfry prfogit jevgs n`

nurn f agjetekniy tf tmger niifu`ts. E` frbgr tf niiurntgay rgifu`t tmger

gxpgregìgs, sfkg gabgray nrteaagrykg` mnb tf kncg g`frkfus gfrts

tf fvgrifkg tmg pmyseina ggits f nje`j. Lfrwnrb fdsgrvgr Faevgr O.Rfkpsf` rgpfrtgb f mes gfrts sexty-fur ygnrs nlgr tmg dnttag, Ky

gygs tgnr up n`b `jgrs nimg e` wrete`j tff kuim.


29/38


N uèqug prggxeste`j pgrsf`na nrimevg f e`tgrvegws, preknreay rfk

tmg s, frks tmg ifrg f tmes dffc, dut tmgsg pegigkgna niifu`ts mnb

tf dg imgicgb fr niiurniy n`b panigb wetme` tmg anrjgr if`tgxt f tmgg`terg dnttag. E imgicgb tmg vgrdna niifu`ts njne`st n rgvegw f uèt rgpfrts

fdtne`gb rfk tmg W.Y. @ntef`na Nrimevgs n`b Tgifrbs Nbkeèstrntef`

n`b suppagkg`tgb tmgk wetm sgif`bnry sfurigs prgpnrgb dy mestfren`s.

Rg Fce`nwn vgtgrn`s frna niifu`ts jevg` af`j nlgr tmg dnttag nrg u`bgr-

stn`bnday eìfkpagtg, dut tmg ifvgrnjg dy tmg keaetnry mestfren`s wmf

niifkpnègb tmg trffps es gxigaag`t. E` pnrteiuanr, Nppagkn`s niifu`t

prfvebgs n bgtneagb fvgrvegw f tmg strntgjy f tmg inkpnej`. Rg dffc-

ag`jtm tm Bevesef` mestfry nasf prfvebgs ekpfrtn`t dnicjrfu`b e`fr-kntef`.Rg rgifrbs f tmg st Legab Nrteaagry Dnttnaef` n`b tmg st

E`n`try Tgjekg`t fr tmg pgrefb Nprea tf Ou`g , , fdtne`gb rfk

tmg @ntef`na Nrimevgs, prfvebgb nbbetef`na e`frkntef`. Rg rgifrbs f

tmg st Legab Nrteaagry Dnttnaef` wgrg natfjgtmgr e`nbgquntg. N scekpy

Dnttnaef` Mestfry f tmnt uèt fr tmg Fce`nwn inkpnej` bfgs aettag

kfrg tmn` aest insunategs n`b bgifrntef`s.Rg @ntef`na Nrimevgs bfiu-

kg`tntef` f` tmg st E`n`try Tgjekg`t es kuim dgttgr. Rg mestfry f

tmnt uèt, wmeim `nturnaay fiusgs f` e`n`try nitef` rntmgr tmn` nrteaagry,

if`sests f sgvgrna pnjgs n`b es vgry wgaa wrettg`. Rg stn e`tgaaejgìg/

fpgrntef`s ofur`na n`b tmg bneay uèt rgpfrts fr tmg st sfkgtekgs rggr

tf nrteaagry suiigssgs n`b neaurgs.

Rg frna mestfregs n`b tmg wrettg` rgifrb sfkgtekgs if`ffleit, dut

tmgrg es rgqug`tay n` niigptndag gxpan`ntef` fr tmg besirgpnìy. Rg

frna niifu`t rfk tmg kfst mejmay bgifrntgb frwnrb fdsgrvgr E e`tgr-

vegwgb, fr gxnkpag, Bf`nab Durreaa, bfgs `ft njrgg wetm tmg rgifrb e`

sgvgrna bgtneas. Mes bgsireptef` f n` Nprea gvg`t fr wmeim mg wns

nwnrbgb n Yeavgr Ytnr jg`grnaay ifeìebgb wetm tmg wrettg` rgifkkg`bn-

tef` n`b igrteintg fr tmnt nwnrb, dut dftm tmg bntg n`b tmg panig nkgb

e` mes frna niifu`t begr rfk tmg wrettg` rgifrb. Durreaa e`sestgb tmnt tmg

gvg`t tffc panig f` Nprea , , wmgrgns tmg wrettg` rgifrb snys Nprea

, . Durreaa sneb tmg eìebg`t fiiurrgb f` fkdstf`g Tebjg, wmgrgns

tmg rgifrb jevgs n afintef` rfujmay twf keags nrtmgr sfutm nt Ynwtfftm

(Mnicsnw) Tebjg.Durreaa wns nwnrg f tmg besirgpnìy dut if`sebgrgb et n ke`fr grrfr.

Mg wns sgrefusay wfu`bgb bure`j tmg eìebg`t n`b wns ekkgbentgay


30/38

E @ R T F BWI R E F @ >9

gvniuntgb rfk Fce`nwn tf Ynepn`. Rus, mg wns `ft prgsg`t tf vgrey

tmg niiurniy f tmg rgifkkg`bntef` frk wmg` et wns prgpnrgb f` Kny

, n kf`tm nlgr tmg eìebg`t. Mg beb ft rgofe` mes uèt u`tea nlgrFce`nwn mnb dgg` bgianrgb sgiurg. Rg nwnrb igrgkf`y wns mgab sff`

nlgr mg wns rguètgb wetm mes uèt. Rg vgtgrn` wns f` reg`bay tgrks

wetm tmg e`n`try ifkpn`y ifkkn`bgr wmf mnb wrettg` tmg rgifkkg`-

bntef`, dut mg aecgay wfuab `ft mnvg gat ifkfrtndag if`trnbeite`j tmg

figr wmf mnb rgifkkg`bgb mek fr tmg nwnrb.

E` tmes e`stnìg E gagitgb tf usg tmg bntg n`b panig stntgb dy tmg vgt-

grn` wmeag `f`gtmgagss `fte`j tmg besirgpnìy wetm tmg wrettg` rgifrb.

Rg tm Bevesef` mestfry, pudaesmgb twf ygnrs nlgr tmg wnr, if`rkstmnt Durreaa rgigevgb tmg Yeavgr Ytnr, n`b E wns nr kfrg ifìgr`gb ndfut

tmg gxpgregìgs f tmg frwnrb fdsgrvgrs bure`j tmg dnttag tmn` tmg gxnit

bntg n`b panig f n`y spgiei gvg`t. Durreaa jnvg `f mestfry f rgnboust-

kg`t prfdagks faafwe`j tmg wnr n`b mnb `f eìg`tevg tf nasey tmg

bntg n`b panig. E`bggb, dginusg n Onpn`gsg duaagt mnb e`ffleitgb n pne`-

ua wfu`b tf mes pgaves, tmg bntg f tmg eìebg`t wns kfrg aecgay sgnrgb

e`tf mes ke`b tmn` tmnt f n`yf`g gasg. F`g nspgit f tmg rgifkkg`bn-

tef` frk sudkettgb dy tmg ifkpn`y ifkkn`bgr nasf suppfrts Durreaas

vgrsef`. Mg afintgb tmg eìebg`t `gnr tmg tfw` f Cnècu, wmeim es kuim

iafsgr tf fkdstf`g Tebjg (tmg afintef` jevg` dy Durreaa) tmn` et es tf

Ynwtfftm Tebjg (tmg afintef` aestgb e` tmg bfiukg`ts).

Kgkfry jnps rgkne` n agjetekntg ifìgr` fr frna e`tgrvegwgrs fr

jffb rgnsf`. \gtgrn`s kgkfregs f gvg`ts tmnt fiiurrgb gnraegr e` tmger

wnrtekg gxpgregìg kny dg kfrg rgaendag tmn` kgkfregs f gvg`ts

tmnt tffc panig antgr. Lfr gxnkpag, e` e`tgrvegwe`j tm Bevesef` vgtgr-

n`s f tmg Fce`nwn inkpnej`, E fu`b tmnt tmfsg wmf mnb pnrteie-

pntgb e` tmg wmfag inkpnej` jg`grnaay mnb quetg jffb kgkfregs f tmg

rst knofr dnttag (Cncnzu Tebjg), ner rginaa f tmg sgif`b knofr dnttag

(Mnicsnw Tebjg, nasf c`fw` ns Ynwtfftm Tebjg), n`b pffr kgkfregs

f antgr dnttags (Ifèina Xgnc, tmg Dej Nppag, tmg Kgbggrn pficgt), gvg`

tmfujm, rfk n mestfren s pgrspgitevg, tmg antgr dnttags drfujmt tmg ink-

pnej` tf n brnkntei ifìausef`.

E` tmg insg f f`g vgtgrn`, twf treps tf Fce`nwn, e`tgrvegws if`buitgbf` tmg setgs f vnrefus dnttags, n`b aestgè`j tf tmg niifu`ts f ftmgr vgtgr-

n`s f tmg inkpnej` neagb tf rgsfavg kgkfry jnps. Res pnttgr` fiiurrgb


31/38


gvg` nkf`j nrteaagry frwnrb fdsgrvgrs f tmg figr ianss, wmf if`ses-

tg`tay mnb niigss tf knps n`b trffp afintef` e`frkntef` e` frbgr tf

pgrfrk tmger ofds. Yuim kgkfry bgiets wgrg n det surprese`j dginusgtmg inkpnej` anstgb agss tmn` tmrgg kf`tms. F`g gàestgb kn`, wmf antgr

jrnbuntgb rfk Dgrcgagy, gxpane`gb et tf kg tmes wny?

@fw E wn`t tf tgaa yfu f`g tme`j rfk tmes pfe`t SIfèina Xgnc[

f`. Lfr sfkg u`c`fw` rgnsf` E in`t rgkgkdgr vgry kuim

ndfut n`ytme`j rfk fw Skeb-Kny[ f` teaa E jft rgaegvgb Skeb-

Ou`g[. E bf`t c`fw wmy. . . . Ufuaa `b fut Eaa dgifkg ce`b

f vnjug. . . . E `gvgr ifuab bf et. Et oust sggks aecg tmg ke`boust iafsgb bfw`. E rgkgkdgr sfkg tme`js dut E in t rgkgk-

dgr oustE jgt ce`b f afst. . . .Ufu sgg wmnt nitunaay mnppg`s es

fr sfkg u`c`fw` rgnsf` yfur ke`b stnrts iutte`j naa tmes stu

fut. N`b E tme`c wg rgnimgb n pfe`t tmnt wg ifuab`t mn`bag

et n`y kfrg. N`b tmg` fur sudif`siefus wfuab jfyfu c`fw

oust iaeic et fut.

Rg prfdagk f kgkfry jnps es ft pnrteiuanray mnrkua ns af`j ns tmg vgt-

grn` es in`beb ndfut mes kgkfry prfdagk (ns kfst wgrg). Tgpanigkg`t

trffps wmf nrrevgb bure`j tmg ifursg f tmg inkpnej` kny mnvg dgt-

tgr rgifaagitef`s f tmg kebbag n`b antgr dnttags e` tmg inkpnej` dginusg

tmger ke`bs mnb `ft ygt dgju` tf tu`g fut tmg bgtneas f tmg dnttag.

E`tgrvegws if`buitgb af`j nlgr tmg dnttag nasf inrry tmg resc tmnt tmg

vgtgrn s rgifaagitef` mns dgg` ifafrgb n`b e`fflugìgb dy kgben (kfv-

egs, tgagvesef`, bfiukg`tnregs, dffcs, n`b tmg stfregs f ftmgr vgtgrn`s).

Naestner Rfksf` ianekgb tf mnvg fdsgrvgb tmes pmg`fkg`f` bure`j

mes frna mestfry e`tgrvegws wetm Nustrnaen` Zfrab Znr E vgtgrn`s, fte`j

tmnt e` sfkg e`tgrvegws E gat aecg E wns aestgè`j tf tmg sirept f tmg ak

Jnaaepfae.E beb `ft pgrsf`naay gìfu`tgr tmes pmg`fkg`f`, dut tmnt

kny dg dginusg tmg Fce`nwn inkpnej` mnb `ft dgg` tmg sudogit f n

knofr kfveg, keèsgregs, fr knofr bfiukg`tnry sgregs nt tmg tekg f tmg

e`tgrvegws. Gvgrgtt rgifkkg`bgb tgste`j tmg niiurniy f tmg vgtgrn`s

kgkfry dy nsce`j qugstef`s tf wmeim tmg e`tgrvegwgr nargnby c`fws tmgn`swgr. N` e`tgrvegwggs rgspf`sg tf tmgsg qugregs kny smgb `gw aejmt

f` n` essug, mg `ftgb3 e `ft, tmger n`swgrs kny sgrvg ns ynrbsteics tf


32/38


oubjg tmg niiurniy f ftmgr e`frkntef` prfvebgb dy tmg e`tgrvegwgg.

N`ftmgr kgtmfb es tf prgss fr nbbetef`na bgtnea e` n` gfrt tf `b fut

e tmg vgtgrn` nitunaay gxpgregìgb n` gvg`t fr oust mgnrb ndfut et, nneray rgqug`t fiiurrgìg. E` kn`y insgs, tmg vgtgrn` weaa mnvg tfab mes

stfry kn`y tekgs, n`b wmnt tmg e`tgrvegwgr mgnrs es n wgaa-rgmgnrsgb

n`b pfaesmgb vgrsef` f et. E` suim e`stnìgs, tmg e`tgrvegwgr kust usg

bgtneagb qugstef`s tf sgpnrntg tmg mgnrsny rfk tmg nituna gxpgregìg, e

suim es pfssedag.

Ky gxpgregìg e`tgrvegwe`j vgtgrn`s f Zfrab Znr EE sujjgsts tmnt

futsebg e`fflugìg n`b fvgrpfaesmgb prgsg`tntef`s nrg `ft knofr prfd-

agks. Et wns fày e` tmg s, e` nit, tmnt kn`y Zfrab Znr EE vgtgrn`s,tmg` `gnre`j tmg g`b f tmger aevgs, wgrg eìae`gb tf tnac ndfut tmg wnr nt

naa. E` tmg ygnrs ekkgbentgay faafwe`j tmg wnr, tmgy wgrg fiusgb f`

jgtte`j n` gbuintef`, n ofd, n spfusg, n inr, n`b n mfusg.Rger rgifa-

agitef`s n mna-ig`tury antgr rnrgay fiusgb f` tmger fw` mgrfesk, drfnb

strntgjegs, fr tniteina jfnas. Kfst wgrg pgrsf`na n`gibftgs ndfut survevna

n`b ndfut ftmgr sfabegrsn typg f `nrrntef` usunaay tff e`bevebunaezgb

tf dg mgnveay e`fflugìgb dy futsebg kgben. E ifìaubgb tmnt n`gibftna frna

mestfry niifu`ts fdtne`gb kfrg tmn` ly ygnrs nlgr tmg gvg`t nrg usg-

ua e` prfvebe`j n jrgntgr u`bgrstn`be`j f tmg dnttag f Fce`nwn, n`b

nasf tmnt, wetm prfpgr ifkkg`t f` if`tgxt, frna e`tgrvegws f afw- n`b

keb-agvga ifkdnt pgrsf``ga mgaps rginpturg tmg gxpgregìg f tmnt dnttag.

Rmg @nrrntfrs

F tmg kfrg tmn` twg`ty Fce`nwn vgtgrn`s E e`tgrvegwgb, preknreay e`

tmg s, E sgagitgb sex ns preknry `nrrntfrs fr tmes niifu`t. Levg wgrg

nrteaagrykg` n`b f`g wns n preknry if`sukgr f nrteaagry suppfrt, n`

e`n`try ifkpn`y ifkkn`bgr. Levg f tmg sex wgrg ouèfr figrs. Naa

sex wgrg kftevntgb n`b e`tgaaejg`t. Kfst mnb nt agnst sfkg ifaagjg gbuin-

tef` nt tmg tekg f tmg wnr n`b niquergb kfrg faafwe`j ets ifìausef`.

Kfst mgab wmetg-ifaanr ofds nlgr tmg wnr. Natmfujm frna mestfry es flg`

if`sebgrgb mestfry rfk dgafw (e.g., rfk tmg afwgr ianssgs, wmf rnrgay

wretg tmger fw` mestfry), tmes niifu`t es prgbfke`n`tay mestfry rfk tmgkebbag. F`g f tmg preknry niifu`ts, mfwgvgr, es tmnt f n prevntg, rst

ianss, n`b nbbetef`na vegws f tmg gàestgb kg` nrg if`tne`gb e` sfkg


33/38

>< E @ R T F BWI R E F @

ifrrgspf`bgìg. Rg frna niifu`ts nrg suppagkg`tgb wetm gxigrpts rfk

tmg fiena rgifrbs n`b tmg fiena W.Y. Nrky niifu`t f tmg inkpnej` e`

frbgr tf prfvebg ifkkn`b-agvga e`sejmts n`b prgiesg imrf`fafjy. E nasfquftg rfk tmg prevntg agttgrs f Jg`grna Duic`gr tf mes weg.

Inpt. Imnrags Ymgnmn`

Rg mejmgst-rn`ce`j nrteaagry `nrrntfr es Imnrags Ymgnmn`, wmf wns prf-

kftgb tf inptne` (rfk rst aegutg`n`t) kebwny tmrfujm tmg Fce`nwn

inkpnej`. Bure`j tmg ifursg f tmg inkpnej` mg nitgb ns n` nrteaagry aene-

sf` figr tf dnttnaef`-sezgb e`n`try uèts, natmfujm mg nasf fpgrntgb e`suppfrt f tmg `b Dnttnaef`. Mg wns nssej`gb tf tmg Mgnbqunrtgrs n`b

Mgnbqunrtgrs Dnttgry f tmg st Legab Nrteaagry Dnttnaef` f tmg tm

E`n`try Bevesef`.

Ymgnmn` wns dfr` e` n`b jrgw up e` Drffcay`. Mg dgaf`jgb tf

tmg Nrky Tgsgrvg dgfrg Xgnra Mnrdfr. Mg sgrvgb wetm tmg tm Bevesef`

bure`j tmg fpgrntef`s njne`st tmg Onpn`gsg f` tmg esan`b f Agytg e` tmg

Xmeaeppe`gs tmnt dgjn` e` antg prefr tf Fce`nwn. Nlgr tmg wnr mg

wg`t dnic tf tmg @gw Ufrc Iety nrgn n`b usgb tmg JE Deaa tf `nìg mesifaagjg gbuintef`. Mg dginkg n ouèfr mejm simffa tgnimgr f pmyseina

gbuintef`, siegìg, n`b kntm. Mg pgrfrkgb n`ftmgr ste`t f nitevg ifk-

dnt sgrveig bure`j tmg Cfrgn` Znr n`b tmg` if`teùgb tgnime`j e` tmg

@gw Ufrc Iety rgjef` u`tea rgtergkg`t. Mg n`b mes weg tmg` kfvgb tf

Lafrebn, wmgrg mg wns steaa sgrve`j ns n sudstetutg tgnimgr wmg` E e`tgr-

vegwgb mek e` . Mg begb e` .

At. Tny B. Znatf` Or.

Tny Znatf` Or. wns n sgif`b aegutg`n`t f nrteaagry bure`j tmg Fce`nwn

inkpnej`. Mg wns nssej`gb tf D Dnttgry f tmg st Legab Nrteaagry

Dnttnaef`, wmgrg mg sgrvgb ns n frwnrb nrteaagry fdsgrvgr. Znatf`

wfrcgb nakfst gxiausevgay e` suppfrt f sknaagr ifkpn`y-agvga uèts f

tmg `b Dnttnaef`, spgieinaay L Ifkpn`y n`b J Ifkpn`y.

Dfr` e` , Znatf` jrnbuntgb rfk Frgjf` Ytntg Wèvgrsety e`

wetm n bgjrgg e` imgkeina g`je`ggre`j. Mg wns e`buitgb e` Knrim

wmeag mg wns steaa n stubg`t. Natmfujm Znatf` mnb dgg` g`rfaagb e`


34/38

E @ R T F BWI R E F @ >:

tmg Tgsgrvg Figr rneè`j Ifrps (TFI) fr fur ygnrs, tmg Nrky

rgquergb mek tf nttg`b Figr In`bebntg Yimffa nt Lfrt Yeaa. Lfaafwe`j

mes trneè`j tmgrg, mg knrregb, sgrvgb dregffly e` Nandnkn, n`b tmg` sneagbrfk Yn` Lrnìesif e` Bgigkdgr . Aegutg`n`t Znatf` ofe`gb tmg

tm Bevesef` nt Agytg, wmg` mes uèt wns e` ets `na ju` pfsetef` f

tmnt inkpnej`. Nlgr tmg wnr, Znatf` usgb tmg JE Deaa tf `nìg n jrnb-

untg bgjrgg e` imgkeina g`je`ggre`j. Mes ieveaen` inrggr e`vfavgb mek

e` tmg prfbuitef` prfigss fr ùiagnr wgnpf`s n`b tmg kn`njgkg`t f

wnstg prfbuits rfk tmnt prfigss, rst wetm Jg`grna Gagitrei Ifkpn`y

n`b tmg` wetm tmg W.Y. jfvgr`kg t. Lfaafwe`j rgtergkg`t, mg aevgb e` tmg

Knryan`b sudurds futsebg Znsme`jtf`, B.I.

Xli. Imnrags X. Kfyèmn`

Imnrags Kfyèmn` wns wetm tmg st Legab Nrteaagry Dnttnaef`, tm

E`n`try Bevesef` bure`j tmg Fce`nwn inkpnej`. Mg sgrvgb preknreay ns

tmg nrteaagry aenesf` tgnk rnbef fpgrntfr fr tmg `b Dnttnaef` f tmg st

E`n`try Tgjekg`t.Mg wfrcgb u`bgr tmg bergitef` f tmg dnttnaef` aene-

sf` figr, usunaay n inptne` (nkf`j tmgk Inptne` Ymgnmn`). Bure`jtmg Fce`nwn inkpnej`, Kfyèmn` typeinaay rgkne`gb e` iafsg prfxek-

ety tf tmg e`n`try dnttnaef` agnbgr, flg` `ft nr dgme`b tmg rf`t ae`g.

Kfyèmn` wns è`gtgg` ygnrs fab wmg` mg ofe`gb tmg Nrky Tgsgrvg

e` . Nt tmnt tekg mg wns nttg`be`j ouèfr ifaagjg e` Kfbgstf,

Inaefrèn. Rg jfvgr`kg`t nitevntgb mes uèt e` Ou`g , n`b mg

rgigevgb nrteaagry dnsei trneè`j. Mg wns sgagitgb fr tmg NYX (Nrky

Ypgienaezgb rneè`j Xrfjrnk), wmeim wns e`tg`bgb tf prgpnrg tgimèina

pgrsf``ga fr sgrveig e` Gurfpg. Zmeag steaa e` tmg Nrky mg nttg`bgb tmg

Wèvgrsety f Eaae`fes n`b antgr tmg Wèvgrsety f Zesif`se`. Zmg` tmg

Nrky iafsgb tmg NYX, Kfyèmn` wns nssej`gb tf tmg tm Bevesef`.

Mg sgrvgb f` dftm Agytg n`b Fce`nwn. Nlgr tmg wnr, mg jrnbuntgb rfk

tmg Wèvgrsety f Inaefrèn nt Dgrcgagy n`b wfrcgb fr Ygnrs Tfgduic

e` rgtneae`j. Zmg` E e`tgrvegwgb mek e` tmg antg s, mg aevgb e`

Inaefrèn. Mg es `fw bgignsgb.


35/38

>= E @ R T F BWI R E F @

At. Nalf`sg BgIrn`s

Naf`sg BgIrn`s sgrvgb ns n frwnrb fdsgrvgr bure`j tmg Fce`nwn ink-

pnej`. Aecg Znatf`, mg typeinaay prfvebgb rg suppfrt fr e`n`try ifk-

pnègs dgaf`je`j tf tmg `b Dnttnaef` f tmg st E`n`try Tgjekg`t.

BgIrn`s jrgw up f` n nrk, n`b tmnt dnicjrfu`b inkg e` mn`by f`

Fce`nwn wmg` sfkg Nkgrein` sfabegrs inpturgb n vg-mu`brgb-pfu`b

stggr n`b inaagb f` BgIrn`s dutimgre`j sceaas.

BgIrn`s stnrtgb ifaagjg nt @frtm Bncftn Ytntg Ifaagjg e` Ygptgkdgr

n`b ofe`gb tmg Nrky @ntef`na Junrb tmg gxt kf`tm. Mg tffc TFI

ifursgs fr f`g uaa ninbgkei ygnr paus twf nbbetef`na qunrtgrs. E` Nprea mes @ntef`na Junrb uèt wns gbgrnaezgb n`b inaagb up fr nitevg buty.

Dy tmnt tekg BgIrn`s wns n sgrjgn`t e` mes nrteaagry futt. BgIrn`s

wn`tgb tf dgifkg n jmtgr peaft dut wns rgogitgb dginusg mg wns ifafr

dae`b. Mg sgrvgb ns n breaa e`struitfr e` tmg tm Legab Nrteaagry Tgjekg`t

nt Lfrt Agwes, Znsme`jtf`. Natmfujm mg mnb rgnimgb tmg rn`c f stn sgr-

jgn`t, mg bgiebgb tf nttg`b Nrteaagry Figr In`bebntg Yimffa nt Lfrt Yeaa,

Fcanmfkn. Rgrg mg inkg nirfss n` gnraegr niqune`tnìgBf`nab Duic

Durreaa.Rg Nrky inrggrs f BgIrn`s n`b Durreaadftm nrrntfrs e` tmesniifu`trgqug`tay fvgranppgb. Dftm kg` sgrvgb wetm tmg tm Bevesef`

e` Mnwnee dgfrg vfau`tggre`j fr rgnssej`kg`t. BgIrn`s nrrevgb e` tmg

Xmeaeppe`gs e` antg Fitfdgr , n gw bnys nlgr tmg tm Bevesef` mnb

an`bgb f` Agytg. Nlgr e`tgrvegws wetm Drej. Jg`. Tfdgrt J. Jnrb (tmg beve-

sef` nrteaagry ifkkn`bgr) n`b At. Ifa. Nvgry Knstgrs, mg wns nssej`gb tf

tmg st Legab Nrteaagry Dnttnaef`, D Dnttgry, wmgrg mg sgrvgb ns tmg gxgiu-

tevg figr. Nlgr tmg wnr, BgIrn`s fw`gb n`b fpgrntgb n nkeay nrk e`

Ke``gsftn. E` mg wns aeve`j e` Lnrjf, @frtm Bncftn.

At. Bf`nab Duic Durreaa

Bf`nab Durreaa sgrvgb ns n frwnrb fdsgrvgr bure`j tmg Fce`nwn ink-

pnej`. Mg typeinaay suppfrtgb D Ifkpn`y f tmg st Dnttnaef`, st

E`n`try Tgjekg`t, tm Bevesef`, natmfujm f` fiinsef` mg wfrcgb e`

suppfrt f ftmgr ifkpnègs dgaf`je`j tf tmg st Dnttnaef`. Bgspetg tmgerrgantevgay ouèfr rn`c, Durreaa n`b BgIrn`s mnb dgg` e` tmg W.Y. Nrky

n`b e` tmg Xniei fr sfkg tekg dgfrg tmg dnttag f Fce`nwn.


36/38


Durreaa () mneagb rfk Lnuactf`, Yfutm Bncftn. Aecg

BgIrn`s, mg sgrvgb e` tmg tm Legab Nrteaagry Tgjekg`t nt Lfrt Agwes,

Znsme`jtf`, wmgrg tmgy kgt. BgIrn`s mnb sgrvgb ns n breaa e`struitfr3Durreaa stffb nt tmg dfttfk f tmg W.Y. Nrky megrnrimy ns n trne`gg. Rgy

wg`t tf Nrteaagry Figr In`bebntg Yimffa nt Lfrt Yeaa nrfu`b tmg snkg

tekg, natmfujm Durreaa nitunaay stnrtgb tmg ifursg dgfrg BgIrn`s.

Aecg BgIrn`s, Durreaa sgrvgb wetm tmg tm Bevesef` e` Mnwnee gnraegr e`

tmg wnr, dgfrg tmg Ynepn` (keb-) n`b Fce`nwn inkpnej`s ().

Rg tm Bevesef` wns preknreay knbg up f pgfpag rfk tmg @gw Ufrc

Iety nrgn. Durreaa n`b BgIrn`s, ifìgr`gb ndfut tmg prfiegìy f tmnt

uèt, vfau`tggrgb fr nssej`kg`t gasgwmgrg.Aecg BgIrn`s, Durreaa wns gvg`tunaay sg`t tf tmg tm Bevesef`,

wmeim wns ifkpfsgb anrjgay f brnlgg nrk dfys rfk tmg Kebwgst.

Rgy ifuab brevg, smfft, n`b x tme`js. Mg aecgb tmg tm Bevesef`

kuim dgttgr. Rgy wgrg bnr` jffb pgfpag. Durreaa nrrevgb e` tmg

Xmeaeppe`gs e` antg Fitfdgr , n gw bnys nlgr tmg tm Bevesef` mnb

an`bgb f` Agytg. Mg u`bgrwg`t tmg snkg e`tgrvegw prfigss e` tmg tm

Bevesef` ns BgIrn`s beb n`b wns nssej`gb tf N Dnttgry f tmg st

Legab Nrteaagry Dnttnaef`.

Durreaa stnygb e` tmg Nrky Tgsgrvg nlgr Zfrab Znr EE n`b wns prf-

kftgb tf knofr. Mnb mg dgg` weaae`j tf spg`b sex kf`tms nttg`be`j

tmg Ifkkn`b n`b Ytn Yimffa nt Lfrt Agnvg`wfrtm, Cn`sns, mg ifuab

mnvg dgg` n rgsgrvg aegutg`n`t ifaf`ga, dut tekg if`strne`ts frigb mek

tf bgiae`g.E` tmg antg s Durreaa aevgb e` Inspgr, Zyfke`j. Mg es

`fw bgignsgb.

Inpt. Zeaanrb J. Dfaae`jgr

Zeaanrb Dfaae`jgr prfvebgb e`sejmt e`tf nrteaagrys suiigssgs n`b neaurgs

rfk n` e`n`trykn`s pfe`t f vegw. Mg ifkkn`bgb Ifkpn`y L bure`j

tmg Fce`nwn inkpnej` n`b wns nkf`j tmg `b Dnttnaef` ifkpn`y ifk-

kn`bgrs wmf wfrcgb wetm Znatf`.@eic`nkgb Zeab Deaa Dfaae`jgr

dy sfkg f mes kg`, mg mnb n wnarus-styag kustnimg n`b wfrg mes ntejug

inp ificgb tf tmg sebg.

Mg wns c`fw` ns n` njjrgssevg rf`tae`g agnbgr.Ns tmg Onpn`gsg wfuab `b fut f` Mnicsnw Tebjg, Dfaae`jgr sfkgtekgs

beb tmg u`gxpgitgb.


37/38

48 E @ R T F BWI R E F @

BgIrn`s, wmf bgnat wetm tmg ifkpn`y ifkkn`bgrs rntmgr tmn` tmg

dnttnaef` ifkkn`bgrs, if`sebgrgb Dfaae`jgr tmg tfps f n`y sfabegr mg

gvgr snw n`b rgkgkdgrgb mek ns n` ntmagtei, wgaa-dueat juy`ft sfkg-f`g tmnt yfu wn`tgb tf jgt e`tf n` nrjukg`t wetm. BgIrn`s nasf if`seb-

grgb Dfaae`jgr n jg`tagkn`.Dfaae`jgr wns n jffb reg`b f Inpt. Afues

Tgutgr Or., wmf ifkkn`bgb J Ifkpn`y, nasf e` tmg `b Dnttnaef` f

tmg st.Dfaae`jgr n`b Tgutgr mnb jf`g tf Figr In`bebntg Yimffa

tfjgtmgr n`b mnb dftm nrrevgb ns drn`b-`gw sgif`b aegutg`n`ts nt Lfrt

Nbner, Frgjf`, wmg` tmg tm E`n`try Bevesef` wns dge`j frkgb e`

. Dftm wgrg gvg`tunaay prfkftgb tf ifkpn`y ifkkn`bgrs. Nlgr

tmg wnr Dfaae`jgr wfrcgb ns n pg`sef` dg`gts spgienaest e` tmg e`sur-nìg e`bustry fr frty-vg ygnrs.E` tmg antg s Dfaae`jgr aevgb e`

Yt. Afues, Kessfure. Mg es `fw bgignsgb.

Ftmgr Yfurigs

YYjt. Cnrga Cùtsf`

Cnrga Cùtsf` sgrvgb fày f`g tmrgg-bny ste`t f` n frwnrb fdsgrvntef`tgnk f` Fce`nwn n`b es `ft f`g f tmg sex preknry `nrrntfrs. Mes rgifa-

agitef`s nrg f`gtmgagss fiinsef`naay mgapua e` prfvebe`j tmg pgrspgitevg

f tmg kg` wmf nitunaay rgb tmg nrteaagry pegigs f` tmg tnrjgts sgagitgb

dy tmg frwnrb fdsgrvgrs. N` nrteaagry sgrjgn`t, Cùtsf` (dfr` in. )

spg`t kfst f mes tekg fpgrnte`j tmg mfwetzgrs tmgksgavgs. Xrefr tf mes

Nrky sgrveig mg mnb dgg` n andfrgr, wfrcgb e` n Ieveaen` If`sgrvntef`

Ifrps inkp, n`b fpgrntgb mgnvy gquepkg`t. Cùtsf` spg`t naa fur f

mes ygnrs e` tmg Nrky () wetm D Dnttgry f tmg st Legab Nrteaagry

Dnttnaef`, dgje`è`j ns n in``f`ggr n`b wfrce`j mes wny up tf stn sgr-

jgn`t n`b imeg f sgitef`. Mg wns e` imnrjg f f`g f tmg dnttgrys fur

-kk mfwetzgrs.E` Cùtsf` aevgb e` Ke``gsftn.

Xli. Bf` Bgìcgr

Bf` Bgìcgr wns `ft n frwnrb fdsgrvgr f` Fce`nwn n`b bfgs `ft

sgrvg ns n `nrrntfr fr tmes niifu`t. Mg wns `ft e`tgrvegwgb fr tmes

dffc. @f`gtmgagss, mg e`bergitay e`fflugìgb tmes niifu`t e` sgvgrna wnys.


38/38

E @ R T F BWI R E F @ 4 >

Bgìcgr wrftg tmg fày pudaesmgb tm Bevesef` e`n`trykn`s kgkfer

f dftm tmg Agytg n`b Fce`nwn inkpnej`s. N kfrtnr kn` e` n` e`n`-

try ifkpn`y f tmg `b Tgjekg`t, Bgìcgr fujmt tmrfujm tmg g`tergAgytg n`b Fce`nwn inkpnej`s. Aecg Dfaae`jgrs rgifaagitef`s, Bgìcgrs

dffc fiinsef`naay prfvebgs n` e`n`trykn`s pgrspgitevg f` gab nrtea-

agry suppfrt. Bgìcgr jg`grfusay bf`ntgb mes tekg fr n ireteina rgvegw

f n` gnraegr brnl f tmes niifu`t. Bgìcgr sgrvgb sgvgrna tgrks ns tmg

mestfren` f tmg tm Bevesef` Nssfientef` n`b nitgb ns ky tfur juebg

bure`j n trep tf Fce`nwn.

Documents

SNEAK PEEK: Big Guns, Brave Men: Mobile Artillery Observers and the Battle for Okinawa