Social Democratic Party of Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.pdf

8/17/2019 Social Democratic Party of Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.pdf

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Social Democratic Party of AustriaSozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs

Abbreviation SPÖ

Leader Michael Häupl

Founded 30 December 1888 (as SDAPÖ)

Preceded by Social Democratic Workers'Party of Austria

Headquarters Löwelstraße 18A-1014 Vienna

Student wing Socialist Students of Austria

Youth wing Socialist Youth Austria

Ideology Social democracy[1][2]

Democratic socialism

Political position Centre-left

Europeanaffiliation Party of European Socialists

Internationalaffiliation

Progressive Alliance,Socialist International

EuropeanParliament group

Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats

Colours Red

National Council: 52 / 183

Federal Council: 24 / 62

EuropeanParliament:

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Websitespoe.at (https://spoe.at/)

Politics of AustriaPolitical parties

Elections

ocial Democratic Party of Austriam Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

e Social Democratic Party of Austria (German:ialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, SPÖ) is a social-

mocratic[1][3] political party in Austria. The SPÖ hasto the Austrian Trade Union Federation (ÖGB) and

Austrian Chamber of Labour (AK). Currently thegest party in the National Council and second largest inFederal Council, the SPÖ currently governs inlition with the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP), withmer SPÖ leader Werner Faymann having served asancellor of Austria from 2008 to May 2016.

ontents

1 History

1.1 From the beginnings until 19181.2 First Republic

1.2.1 Establishment of the FirstRepublic

1.2.2 Red Vienna1.3 During Austrofascism

1.4 During the beginning of the SecondRepublic

1.5 The Bruno Kreisky era

1.6 Second grand coalition phase with

ÖVP

1.7 Problems with Pro porz2 New role as opposition party and return to

power

2.1 Confronting the past of 1938–19453 Election results by states

3.1 Burgenland

3.2 Carinthia

3.3 Lower Austria

3.4 Salzburg

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cil_(Austria)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Chamber_of_Labourhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Trade_Union_Federationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Austriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria#cite_note-Almeida-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria#cite_note-Nordsieck-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_democracyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Austriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Austriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Austriahttps://spoe.at/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliamenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Council_(Austria)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Council_(Austria)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democratshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliamenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Internationalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Alliancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialistshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_political_partyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre-left_politicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_spectrumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_socialismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria#cite_note-Nordsieck-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_democracyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_ideologieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Youth_Austriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_winghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Students_of_Austriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viennahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Workers%27_Party_of_Austriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_H%C3%A4uplhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria_logo.png


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3.5 Styria

3.6 Tyrol

3.7 Upper Austria

3.8 Vienna

3.9 Vorarlberg

4 Party chairmen since 1945

5 Select list of other SPÖ politicians

6 Minority factions

7 See also

8 References

9 Literature

10 External links

istory

om the beginnings until 1918

ialist and worker's movements and associations had already started to form in Austria by the mid-19thtury. The party's first meeting took place in 1874 in Neudörfl in what later became Burgenland. Theowing years saw factional infighting, and the party split into moderate and anarchist factions.

was united in 1889 as the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria (German: Sozialdemokratischeeiterpartei Österreichs, SDAPÖ) through the work of Doctor Victor Adler. At the party congress innfeld, the party decided to accept Adler's Declaration of Principles on 30 December 1888. 1 January

9 is therefore considered the party's founding date. On 12 July 1889 the first issue of the party newspaperArbeiter-Zeitung was printed. Initially close to Marxism, the party continued to grow especially innna and the industrial areas of Bohemia, Moravia, Styria, Lower Austria and Upper Austria.

e party participated in the founding of the Second International in Paris on 14 July 1889. The partympaigned for more rights for workers, including their right to vote. In the Brünner Programm of

tember 1899, the Socialists demanded that the Austro-Hungarian Empire be reformed into a federalmocratic state.

e Social Democrats were allowed to run in the City Council (Gemeinderat ) elections of Vienna on 30y 1890.

Trieste the Italian-speaking "Social Democratic League" ( Lega Social Democratica) decided at itsgress in December 1897 to change its name to "Adriatic Italian Section of the Social Democraticrkers' Party of Austria" (Sezione Italian Adriatica del Partito dei Lavoratori Social Democratici in

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tria). Notably, the Trieste Socialists preferred to use the label "socialist" rather than "social democrat".[4]

907, after a general strike, universal suffrage was granted. In the elections to the House of Deputies inReichsrat, the Social Democrats were able to win many votes. Out of a total of 516 seats, the party wonseats, becoming the second strongest fraction in parliament after the Christian Social Party. Eventually,1911, the Socialists became the strongest party in parliament.

e party initially supported the declaration of war against Serbia after the Assassination in Sarajevo of hduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg in 1914, but soon realised that the

astrous war was untenable. After the death of Emperor Franz Joseph, the first peace-meeting was held incember 1916. By January 1918, strikes were breaking out, calling for an end of the war and the terriblefering that the people, especially the worker's families, had to endure.

October, a provisional national assembly ("Provisorische Nationalversammlung") was convened underSocial Democrat Karl Renner, which tried to work out a provisional constitution (Provisorischefassung) under the leadership of a new state council led by the new state chancellor Renner. The Socialmocrats wanted a new form of government and, on 12 November 1918, the republic was proclaimed by

nner. Renner's government introduced an eight-hour workday and paid holidays.[5]

rst Republic

e party had moderate success in the 1920s, but its conflict with right wing forces escalated until it waseated in the Austrian Civil War.

ablishment of the First Republic

e SDAPÖ played an important role in the establishment of the First Republic. On November 11, 1918,peror Charles I relinquished his right to take part in Austrian affairs of state. The following day Karl

nner was declared Chancellor of the Republic of German-Austria.

e Bohemian provincial organization of SDAPÖ held a conference in Teplice 31 August – 3 September9 at which it re-constituted itself as a separate party, the German Social Democratic Workers Party in the

echoslovak Republic.[6]

e party clearly wanted to steer Austria towards political union with Germany, calling the new Austrianublic " Deutsch-Österreich" (German-Austria). But the Treaty of St. Germain clearly forbade any

fication between Austria and Germany. The SDAPÖ nevertheless still advocated such a union during thestence of the First Republic, as they hoped for a strengthening of their position and the socialist causehin a Greater Germany.

he first elections for the constitutional national assembly on 16 February 1919, women were allowed toe for the first time. The SDAPÖ became the strongest party and formed a grand coalition with the anti-

chluss[7] Christian Social Party (CS).

d Vienna

May, elections for the city council of Vienna followed: out of 165 mandates the social democrats won 100ts. Jakob Reumann became the first social-democratic mayor of Vienna. Vienna was going to continue tohe stronghold of the socialists in a largely conservative-governed nation. The socialist-led cityernment built the first Gemeindebauten for the working class, such as the Karl-Marx-Hof, Sandleitenhof,

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Logo of the SDAPÖ

the public housing estates on the Gürtel ring road, and instituted social, healthcare and educationalorms. These measures indeed ameliorated the living conditions for workers and raised their standard of ng. This deepened the ties of workers towards the party and created a large pool of loyalists on whom thety could always depend, giving rise to the term " Rotes Wien" (Red Vienna) of the 1920s.

e party was a member of the Labour and Socialist International between 1923 and 1940.[8]

hin the grand coalition, the parties were able to agree on a package of reforms such as the 8-hour-day (8-nden-Tag), the worker’s council law ( Betriebsrätegesetz) and negotiations for a new republican

stitution, which came into force on 10 November 1920. After the parliamentary elections in October0, the SDAPÖ left the grand coalition after the CS won the majority of votes. The Socialists would

main in opposition during the First Republic.

the SDAPÖ continued to be internally divided in roughly two wings: on the one side were the moderateser the leadership of former chancellor Karl Renner, who advocated a parliamentary, liberal democracythe welfare state; on the other side were the more radical Austromarxists under the leadership of Otto

uer. Especially the latter part did not wish any further cooperation with the CS, which led to an increaseolitical instability over time as political views became grew more extreme and fractious.

ling increasingly under threat, most political parties formed their own military wings. In May 1924, theAPÖ founded its own paramilitary wing, the Republikanischer Schutzbund (Republican Protectiongue). The Communist Party of Austria (KPÖ) formed its Red Brigades and the conservative CS followed, founding its Heimwehr (Homeland Protection Force). The existence of armed political militias andilante groups, alongside the regular police and army forces, did not bode well for the stability of theng republic. The founding of these militias was a response to increased political tension, but alsoravated it, increasing the chances of open, violent clashes as political parties within parliament continuedr fighting. On 3 November 1926, the so-called "Linzer Programm" was agreed upon at the SDAPÖ party

vention, which was heavily influenced by Otto Bauer's wing and reinforced the differences between theosition Christian Social Party and the Social Democrats.

30 January 1927, members of the conservative Heimwehr shot atmbers of the Republikanischer Schutzbund in Schattendorf, resulting in

deaths. In the Schattendorfer Urteil trial that followed, the jury foundaccused not guilty in July 1927. Members of the Republikanischerutzbund , the SDAPÖ, and workers were outraged by this verdict andnched demonstrations on 15 July to protest. The mob vented itstration, and eventually moved towards the Palace of Justice, setting it on

. Clashes with the police left 85 workers and four policemen dead and up00 people were injured. The burning of the Palace of Justice and theodshed surrounding it symbolised a break within the republic, markingcoming end of democracy.

e political atmosphere became increasingly poisoned and untenable. Theservatives shored their position against the Social Democrats, and on 18 May 1930 the Heimwehr of theissued its Korneuburger Eid (Oath of Korneuburg), in which it openly called for the overthrow of theliamentary democracy ("Wir verwerfen den westlichen demokratischen Parlamentarismus und den

teienstaat!")[9] Both under the Austro-fascist dictatorship (1934–1938) and during the Germanupation of Austria between 1938 and 1945, the SDAPÖ was banned and persecuted heavily, but afterration, the Social Democrats became a major political force in post-war Austria.

ring Austrofascism

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7 March 1933, parliament in effect shut itself down due to a minor technicality in the parliamentarycedures. During a vote impasse, the collective presidency of the lower house stepped down from officein effect left the house without a speaker or chair. Federal Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß seized theortunity to circumvent parliament and govern with a number of emergency decrees through an

ergency powers act from 1917.[10] Pressure was increased on the SDAPÖ, political activities werereasingly curtailed, press censorship increased. The Social Democrats protested and rallied their forces inworker's strongholds in Vienna, Linz, and other industrial areas and towns. Tension openly erupted on 12ruary 1934, when the police entered the local party headquarters in Linz for a search. The socialist

itia resisted the police force, during the course of the week armed fighting broke out in Vienna and otherAPÖ strongholds such as industrial areas. The army was called in to crush the uprising in Vienna,lling the Karl-Marx-Hof where members of the Schutzbund were holed up. The civil war lasted until 16ruary, in the end the social-democratic movement was completely outlawed, most of the leadership

ested. The end of the civil war marked the definite end of the First Republic and the start of the Austro-cist state under the leadership of Dollfuß.

e crushing of the Social Democrats opposition by the conservatives however meant a further weakeningAustria, as infighting within the Heimwehr and the conservatives continued. Chancellor Dollfuß himself assassinated 10 weeks after the end of the civil war by National socialists. Adolf Hitler was increasingly

uencing political affairs in Austria. Nazi Germany was increasing the pressure by scheming andnipulating political events, as well as planning and carrying out terrorist attacks on infrastructure withinstria. The successor of Dollfuß, the conservative chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg tried a new round of s with the outlawed social-democrats and even the monarchists, in order to stabilise the situation again.

e Socialist favoured democracy, but were lukewarm to the concept of an independent Austria. Theority of conservatives wanted to keep an independent Austria, however in the form of an Austro-fascistime. The extreme fighting and enmity between the two parties resulted in both the abolition of democracythe end of Austria as an independent entity. On 12 March 1938, the weakened Austrian governmenter Chancellor Schuschnigg was forced to step down by Hitler under the threat of war, and Austria was

exed into Nazi Germany.

e Anschluss was initially enthusiastically greeted by many Social Democrats, such as the formerncellor Karl Renner who pledged to vote "yes" in a referendum on the Anschluss ("Ich stimme mit

)[11] and finally realise the old dream of a union with Germany. Although democracy was not in sight, att Hitler's policies promised more work and equality for many workers and labourers, as well as furtherialist reforms and political stability. The socialist enthusiasm that greeted Hitler however soon gave wayhe sobering reality of war and the Nazi occupation.

ring the beginning of the Second Republic

e battle of Vienna between Soviet and Nazi forces was over on 13 April 1945. Immediately the party wasounded as the "Socialist Party of Austria" (Sozialistische Partei Österreichs, SPÖ). The first partyirman was Adolf Schärf. After tyranny, war and destruction, the country had to be reconstructed whileuring hunger and deprivation. The traumatic experience under German rule brought a swing in domesticnion away from Pan-Germanism and towards the idea of Austria as an independent, sovereign and

mocratic country. The two former enemies, the conservatives and the Socialists, put aside their differencesrder to work towards the prosperity and renewed sovereignty of the country. Both sides entered into a

nd coalition government that would last for the next 21 years until 1966.

e Soviet Union had the most influence as an occupying allied power in the immediate post-war years.eph Stalin was interested in integrating the newly liberated Austria into the Soviet bloc. The Communistty of Austria were the only party who could claim to have consistently fought against the Nazi regime,they largely lay under the protection and guidance from Moscow. Any new Austrian government would

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refore have to integrate them as well. Karl Renner tried to position himself as the man of the hour whold act as a bridge between the conservatives and the communists. The Soviets and the other allied powerslarge reservations about Renner, whom they viewed as an opportunist. Renner tried to convince a

ptical Stalin in a letter, where he expressed his mea culpa for his previous support of the Anschluss, at theme presenting himself as the only credible Socialist politician left able to reach an agreement with the

mmunists.[12]

Renner convinced Stalin, or if it was out of pure necessity, is not entirely clear, but the Soviets tentativelyided to support Renner, maybe in order to win more influence over the government in time. With Sovietport Karl Renner and Leopold Kunschak proclaimed a provisional Austrian state government on 27 April5 in the parliament building in Vienna. The proclamation aimed to re-establish an independent Austria.toric photographs show Renner reading out the proclamation in the old imperial Chamber of the House

Representatives ( Abgeordnetenhaus), with Soviet officers sitting in the back benches. This alarmed thetern allies, who feared a plot by the Soviets to establish a people's republic, a tactic that worked in

ngary and East Germany, where the social democrats there were forcibly integrated with the communistty. However, for the moment, the Austrian socialists were allowed to re-establish their party and operatetively freely. The new party also established their own newspaper, the " Arbeiter-Zeitung" on 4 August of same year.

chancellor Renner was elected as the new Federal President of Austria by the Federal Assembly on 20ober 1945. Renner would hold this office until his death on 31 December 1950. The party held its firstgress since 1933 in December 1945. The SPÖ decided to make its peace with the conservatives, sincer fighting was partly responsible for the failure of the First Republic. The party entered an allompassing grand coalition with the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP), the successor party of the oldistian Social Party. This form of a grand coalition would last for the next 21 years until 1966.er the death of Karl Renner in 1950, Theodor Körner was elected as Federal President on 26 May 1951.

Frankfurt in Germany, the Socialist International was founded, of which the SPÖ was one of the charter

mbers. In May 1957 Bruno Pittermann became party chairman. Former chairman Adolf Schärf wascted as Federal President in April 1957 and re-elected for a second term in 1963. He was succeeded iny 1965 by Franz Jonas, who also hailed from the socialist party.

e grand coalition governments of SPÖ and ÖVP were marked by a desire to stabilise the political andial situation and concentrate on economic growth and social equality. One of the first acts of the grandlition was able to agree on a new law about worker's vacation regulations on 25 July 1946. The partyowed a rather moderate line and tried to cooperate with its coalition partner. Many state enterprises wereonalised and the situation of the worker ameliorated with work incentives and social benefits. The

trality that was required by Austria meant that the country had little to worry about military spending andigations to any military block. Instead it tried to act as a mediator between two sides in any internationalflict, concentrating on tasks within the United Nations framework. Nevertheless, on 4 January 1960,eign Minister Bruno Kreisky was able to sign the accession treaty of Austria into the European Freede Association (EFTA).

e Bruno Kreisky era

he parliamentary elections of April 1966, the ÖVP won a governmental majority and was thus able to

e alone. The Socialists left the grand coalition government, going into opposition. On 30 January 1967no Kreisky was elected as party chairman. In the National Council elections of March 1970, the SPÖn with a relative majority, but was only able to build a minority government that counted on support fromFreedom Party of Austria (FPÖ). This government was short-lived: new snap elections had to be held in

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snap_electionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Austriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Kreiskyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majorityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_legislative_election,_1966https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Associationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Kreiskyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Jonashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Internationalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_K%C3%B6rner_(Austrian_president)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_People%27s_Partyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Assembly_of_Austriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_President_of_Austriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbeiter-Zeitung_(Vienna)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Germanyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungaryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Parliament_Buildinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leopold_Kunschak&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria#cite_note-12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mea_culpahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunisthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Renner


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SPÖ party headquarters inVienna

ober 1971. This time the SPÖ was able to win the absolute majority in parliament. This ushered in aiod of Socialist-led governments for the next 13 years, led by the charismatic Bruno Kreisky who wouldome one of the most important statesmen of the Second Republic.

une 1974, the SPÖ-nomimated candidate Rudolf Kirchschläger won the 1974 presidential election. Oneconomic side, the 40-hour working week, a project by the SPÖ, was passed in parliament and became.

e success of the economy and the international high profile Austria was enjoying due to its neutrality

ered in another victory for Kreisky and the SPÖ in the legislative election of May 1979, where the partyn 51% of all votes. Nevertheless, the party failed to win another absolute majority in the followingctions in April 1983, Kreisky stepped down and Fred Sinowatz became the new chancellor and formed alition government with the FPÖ. Sinowatz later took over as party chairman from Kreisky in October of same year.

owatz tried to rely on the liberal wing of the FPÖ, however political infighting and the rise of the right-g populist politician Jörg Haider to the chairmanship of the FPÖ made a further coalition with its juniortner for the SPÖ impossible. Franz Vranitzky, who replaced Sinowatz in June 1986, ended the so-called

mall coalition" and called for fresh elections. In the November 1986 legislative election, the SPÖ becamengest party again and entered into a grand coalition with the ÖVP. Vranitzky himself was elected as partyirman in May 1988.

cond grand coalition phase with ÖVP

e grand coalition government with the conservative ÖVP as the juniortner would last from 1988 until 2000.

uly 1990, Bruno Kreisky, who was the grand doyen of the party, died.e end of the Cold War and the fall of the Iron Curtain confronted Austria

the SPÖ with changing realities. In October of the same year, the partyn and remained strongest party in parliament. In June 1991, the partygress decided to change its name from the "Socialist Party of Austria" to"Social Democratic Party of Austria" (Sozialdemokratische Parteierreichs), thus shifting the emphasis from socialism to a reaffirmation tocommitment to social democracy.

issues of gender equality, the party congress decided in June 1993 to

oduce a quota for women. The new regulation required that at least 40%SPÖ candidates are female.

ancellor Vranitzky tried to repair the damage to Austria's internationalge caused by the presidential election of the controversial Kurt Waldheim. He was the first chancellor

o, in a speech in front of parliament, clearly spoke of the guilt Austrians carried during the Second Worldr, something that was until then a topic that was taboo at home. He undertook a number of steps towardsonciliation with victims, his state visit to Israel in 1983 was highly regarded. The SPÖ also endorsed anry of the country into the European Union during negotiations with Brussels. In the national referendum

2 June 1994, over 66% percent of all voters voted "yes", Austria duly became a member of the Europeanon on 1 January 1995.

hough the SPÖ supported Austria's entry to the European Union, the party fared badly in the 1994slative election held in October 1994, but remained the strongest party in parliament. It was able to retainposition in the December elections of 1995 where it gained votes back. In 1997, Chancellor Vranitzky

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_legislative_election,_1994https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brusselshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taboohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_World_Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Waldheimhttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quotahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_equalityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_democracyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doyenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_legislative_election,_1986https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Vranitzkyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Haiderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-wing_populismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Sinowatzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_legislative_election,_1979https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_presidential_election,_1974https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Kirchschl%C3%A4gerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermajorityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SP%C3%96_Zentrale,_Vienna_3.jpg


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pped back from office after more than 10 years in office to make way for the new generation, beinglaced by his former Finance Minister Viktor Klima, who was sworn in during January. In April 1997 heo took over the position as party chairman.

e party congress decided on a reformed party programme in October 1998. The basic values of socialmocracy, freedom, equality, justice and solidarity were reaffirmed. But the party also committed itself todernisation and a willingness to take risks and welcome change. A new, more open party statute wassed. In order to reflect the new reforms, a new party logo was also introduced.

oblems with Proporz

e problem of the grand coalition in Austria was the continuation of the old Proporz system, whereically any political position as well as the civil service, trade unions and even positions in the economystate businesses were occupied by either members of the two big parties. This system worked well in the

t-war period, however with the end of the Cold War and Austria's entry to the EU, people's perceptionsopinions changed strongly. The old Proporz system, where basically the SPÖ and the ÖVP would divide

rything up between them, was increasingly seen as outdated and even undemocratic. Because bothties always had an absolute majority in parliament, no effective opposition could ever exist. The long

iod of grand coalitions lasted for over a decade, a period that was very unusual for any western,liamentary democracy.

voters' frustration with the old system grew, the right-wing populist Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ)er the young and dynamic party chairman Jörg Haider was able to ride the wave of discontent and wines in every parliamentary election. The FPÖ had its core support with right-wing voters, but wasreasingly able to attract voters from the conservative ÖVP and even made inroads with traditional SPÖers who grew fed up with the grand coalitions and the old Proporz system.

e 1999 legislative election was a great shock to the country's system. Although the SPÖ lost votes, it wasable to retain its position as the strongest party, but the FPÖ became the second strongest party by a veryall margin ahead of the ÖVP. Although federal president Thomas Klestil gave the Social Democrats theer to form a new government, no coalition partner could be found. The ÖVP under their leader Wolfgangüssel, who was Vice-Chancellor of Austria and Foreign Minister, entered into negotiations with the FPÖead. In February 2000, the new right-wing coalition government between the ÖVP and the FPÖ was

med with Schüssel as the new chancellor. This prompted a huge outcry at home as well as abroad, leadingn to sanctions by the EU and Israel pulling out its ambassador in protest to the far-right FPÖ. For the firste in 30 years, the SPÖ had to sit in opposition.

ew role as opposition party and return to power

e end of the grand coalition left many within the ÖVP embittered with their party and its perceived sell- Alfred Gusenbauer became new party chairman and started restructuring the party politically,anisationally and financially.

he snap elections of November 2002 the party lost its position as strongest party to the conservative ÖVP,ch won a resounding victory at the expense of the Social Democrats and the FPÖ. The SPÖ got 36.5% of

votes, ending up with 69 seats in the National Council. It had 23 seats in the Federal Council.vertheless, in a number of state elections, the SPÖ won an increased number of votes and even madeoads in traditionally conservative-ruled states. Outside its traditional strongholds of Vienna andgenland, the party surprisingly won state elections in Styria and Salzburg, forming the new stateernments there.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgenlandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viennahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snap_electionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Gusenbauerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice-Chancellor_of_Austriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%BCsselhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Klestilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_legislative_election,_1999https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Austriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proporzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statutehttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/solidarityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_equalityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_(political)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Klima


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SPÖ poster for the 2006 general

elections; "The country needs a new

fairness."

Ö candidate Heinz Fischer won the presidential elections in April 2004 against ÖVP contender Benitarero-Waldner. Thus an ÖVP-led government stood opposite a Social Democrat president. Presidentcher repeatedly made statements that stood in contrast to the official stance of the government, such asspeaking out for the equality of homosexuals as well as calling for better treatment of immigrants.

une 2004, the SPÖ fared well in the 2004 European elections, winning 33.5% of the Austrian votes castreceiving nine seats (out of a total of 18 Austrian seats) and becoming strongest Austrian party. This was

n as a welcome sign for upcoming 2006 legislative election. Due to the banking scandal of the BAWAG,ch was close to the unions, confidence has been greatly shaken that the party will separate financial

lings from politics.

he 2006 National Elections the SPÖ, to the surprise of many, became Austria's strongest party with 68ts (67 plus the chairman of the Liberal Forum running on the SPÖctoral list) to the ÖVP's 66. In the long protracted coalitionotiations that followed, a grand coalition was formed, withsenbauer as Chancellor in a grand coalition with the ÖVP which finally sworn in January 2007, three months after the elections.

nfronting the past of 1938–1945ncerning the role of Austrian Socialists during Nazi rule from8–1945, the party started opening its archives and set in a

mmission to investigate its past conduct. The fact that, havingn outlawed and imprisoned under Austrofascism, many Socialistsially welcomed the Anschluss of Austria into Germany back thenld not be denied, as well as the fact that some became membershe Nazi party. Alfred Gusenbauer issued a declaration promising

supporting a full and open investigation ("Klarheit in dergangenheit – Basis für die Zukunft"). In 2005 the report about thecalled "brown spots" (braune Flecken) was completed andlished. The report talks about SPÖ members and leaders whoame members of the Nazi party during German rule after thechluss. One example given in the report is the case of Dr.nrich Gross, who received many honours from the SPÖ and even the government in the post-war period.s was despite the fact that he worked as a Nazi doctor in the euthanasia ward "Am Spiegelgrund" innna, where human experiments on children were performed. Those children with presumptive mental

ects were eventually killed, often by lethal injection. Dr. Gross was probably himself involved in theerimentations and killings. The Austrian judicial system protected him for a very long time from anyd of prosecution, something that was very typical in the post-war period. He enjoyed wide support fromSPÖ party and party leaders for a very long time.

flecting the change in attitude towards the past, Federal President Fischer in an interview with the liberalwspaper Der Standard strongly criticised Austria's view on its historical role during Nazi rule. He called

traditional view that Austria was the first victim of Nazi aggression as false. The Moscow Declaration of 3 by émigrés, which called for the independence of Austria from Nazi Germany, was a problem since ited that the war was neither started nor wanted by any Austrian ("Und das ist nicht richtig.") Also the fact

Austrian Jewish victims were not mentioned in the declaration (".. kein Wort für die jüdischen Opfer")well as that it took decades for them to receive any kind of compensation and justice from the government very regrettable and inexcusable. His statements were direct criticism of the right-wing government of

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89migr%C3%A9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Standardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_(medicine)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_experimenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthanasiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Grosshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Forumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAWAGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_legislative_election,_2006https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament_election,_2004_(Austria)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benita_Ferrero-Waldnerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_presidential_election,_2004https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz_Fischerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SP%C3%96_election_poster_Sept_2006_001.jpg


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coalition ÖVP/FPÖ, which usually dragged its feet concerning compensation to victims, and themission of the (co-)guilt Austrians carried for crimes committed by them during the Second World War.erview given on 10 April 2006, full text available online at http://derstandard.at/)

ection results by states

rgenland

genland is a state that is a traditional stronghold of the social democrats. Since 1964 the governors of thistern-most state have come from the SPÖ. Burgenland is one of the few states that are ruled by a social

mocratic majority in the state assembly ('’Landtag). In the state assembly elections of 2000, the SPÖeived 46.6%, in 2005 it received 5.2% more votes and ended up with an absolute majority of 51.8%.vernor (Landeshauptmann) of the Burgenland is Hans Niessl.

rinthia

e Carinthian SPÖ used to be very strong in this most southern Austrian state. It regularly won the most

ts in state elections and the governors used to be Social Democrats until 1989. Since the rise of Jörgder and his FPÖ, he successfully pushed the SPÖ out of their leading position. In state elections in 1999SPÖ received 32.9%, it was however able to raise its share in the 2004 elections to 38.4%. In a strangest, the SPÖ were in a coalition with the right-wing FPÖ in Carinthia, where Jörg Haider was governor,il 2005. This constellation is in question after the chairperson of the Carinthian SPÖ, Gabi Schauning,ided to resign from her post as vice-governor of Carinthia after a fall-out with Haider. Carinthia has andatory concentration government, where each party with a certain amount of seats in the stateliament automatically participates in the state government. The term coalition therefore refers to theperation between parties and not to the participation in the state cabinet.

wer Austria

Lower Austria, the SPÖ received 29.2% in the 1998 state assembly elections. It increased its shares by% in the elections of 2003 and ended up with 32.4%. In the Lower Austrian state election, 2008, the SPÖeived 25.5% of the vote.

lzburg

e SPÖ won a surprising victory in the state elections in Salzburg in 2004. It was able to increase its sharevotes from 32.2% (1999) to 45.3%. For the first time the conservative ÖVP lost their traditional dominantition. Gabi Burgstaller became the first social democratic governess ( Landeshauptfrau) in the state'sory. In the elections of March 2009 they lost 2 seats (from 17 to 15) with a 39.5% of the votes, going toFPÖ (from 3 to 5) with a 13% of the votes. The ÖVP had 14 seats with a 36.5% of the votes and the

üne 2 seat with a 7.3% . The BZÖ had no seat with a 3.7% of the votes, showing a growing of the right-g parties.

yria

ria was traditionally ruled by the ÖVP. In the state assembly elections of 2000, the Styrian SPÖ ended uph 32.3%. In the elections of 2005, the voters shifted towards the left, something that also benefited theal communist party, the KPÖ. The SPÖ won 9.4% more and ended up with 40.7%, defeating the ÖVP,ch got only 38.7% of the votes. Franz Voves, Styrian SPÖ chairman, became state governor.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Voveshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KP%C3%96https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BZ%C3%96https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96VPhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FP%C3%96https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landeshauptfrauhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabi_Burgstallerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Austrian_state_election,_2008https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Austriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gabi_Schauning&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Haiderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carinthia_(state)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FP%C3%96https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Haiderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carinthia_(state)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Niesslhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgenlandhttp://derstandard.at/


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rol

Tyrol the social democrats receive few votes since the state is a traditional conservative stronghold. In the9 elections, the Tyrolean SPÖ received 22.8% of all votes, in the next elections of 2003 it increased itsre by 3.1% to 25.9%.

per Austria

he 2003 state elections to the Upper Austrian Landtag, the SPÖ was able to raise its voters share from% (1997) by 11.3% to 38.3%. It was in a grand coalition with the ÖVP in the state government as theior partner, with four out of nine of the state government ministers coming from the SPÖ.

enna

nna was always traditionally the stronghold of the Social Democratic Party. In the city councilmeinderat ) elections of 1996, the SPÖ lost many votes to the FPÖ. It received around 39% of all votes,FPÖ around 27.9% and the ÖVP 15.2%. This changed in 2001, when the SPÖ jumped to 46.9% and the

Ö shrank to 20.1% and again in 2005 when the SPÖ gained to 49% and the FPÖ shrank further to 14.8%.e 2005 results meant that the SPÖ was able to hold the majority of seats in the Vienna city council ande by itself without coalition partners. The current governor-mayor of Vienna is Michael Häupl.

rarlberg

arlberg is a traditional stronghold of the conservative Austrian People's Party. Of all the Austrian states,SPÖ receives the least votes in this western-most state. In state assembly elections of 1999, the SPÖ

eived 12.9%, but was able to raise its share of votes in the elections of 2004 by 3.9% and ended up with8%.

arty chairmen since 1945

e chart below shows a timeline of the social democratic chairpersons and the Chancellors of Austria. Thebar shows all the chairpersons ( Bundesparteivorsitzende, abbreviated as "CP") of the SPÖ, and the rightshows the corresponding make-up of the Austrian government at that time. The red (SPÖ) and black

VP) colours correspond to which party led the federal government ( Bundesregierung, abbreviated asovern."). The last names of the respective chancellors are shown, the Roman numeral stands for the

inets.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_(government)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96VPhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SP%C3%96https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chancellor_of_Austriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorarlberghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_H%C3%A4uplhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_councilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Austriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrol_(state)


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lect list of other SPÖ politicians

Josef Cap, Head of the parliamentary club (Klubobmann)Barbara Prammer, 1st female National Council President of AustriaChristoph Matznetter, Budget- and Financial matters spokesman in the National Council

Josef Broukal, journalist and MPring the government of Kreisky, Johanna Dohnal became the first minister for women's affairs

inority factions

me groups within the SPÖ like Der Funke (The Spark), are Marxist and proponents of a more radicalin of democratic socialism. SJ Austria, the party's youth organisation, is generally perceived of as beingre radically left-wing than the SPÖ itself.

e also

Austro-MarxismSocialist Students of Austria

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Students_of_Austriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Marxismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SJ_Austriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_socialismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxisthttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johanna_Dohnal&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_Parliamenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Josef_Broukal&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Matznetterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Prammerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Josef_Cap&action=edit&redlink=1


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eferences

1. Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, byWolfram Nordsieck (http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/austria.html)

2. (German) https://spoe.at/bilder/d251/spoe_partei_programm.pdf PDF (458 KiB) Party platform, see articles I.(1) andIII.7.(1): "strive for a society that overcomes class antagonisms", "only the advancement of political to economic,and therefore social, democracy establishes the precondition for the realization of our basic principles"

3. Dimitri Almeida (27 April 2012). The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the PermissiveConsensus. CRC Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-136-34039-0. Retrieved 14 July 2013.

4. Winkler, Eduard. Wahlrechtsreformen und Wahlen in Triest 1905 – 1909: eine Analyse der politischen Partizipationin einer multinationalen Stadtregion der Habsburgermonarchie (https://books.google.com/books?id=tZmbcEYts3M

). Südosteuropäische Arbeiten, 105. München: Oldenbourg, 2000. pp. 84–855. A Concise History of Austria by Steven Beller6. Thomas Keller (October 2012). Emil Franzel (1901 ? 1976): Biografie eines sudetendeutschen Intellektuellen.

Diplomica Verlag. p. 22. ISBN 978-3-8428-8726-8.7. DIVIDE ON GERMAN AUSTRIA. – Centrists Favor Union, but Strong Influences Oppose It. (http://query.nytimes.

com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F50B17F93A5F1B7A93C5A8178AD85F4D8185F9), The New York Times, 17January 1919 (PDF)

8. Kowalski, Werner. Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 – 1940 (https://books.google.com/bo

oks?id=83QdPwAACAAJ). Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985. p. 3129. Brook-Shepherd, G. The Austrians. HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. London, 1995. ISBN 3-552-04876-6, page 3660. Lehne, Inge; Lonnie Johnson (December 1985). Vienna- The Past in the Present . Österreichischer Bundersverlag

Gesellschaft. p. 134. ISBN 3-215-05758-1.1. Brook-Shepherd, G., The Austrians, page 4552. Brook-Shepherd, G., The Austrians, page 515

terature

Gordon Brook-Shepherd. The Austrians. HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. London, 1995. ISBN 3-552-04876-6Caspar Einem, Wolfgang Neugebauer, Andreas Schwarz. Der Wille zum aufrechten Gang. CzerninVerlag, Vienna, 2005. ISBN 3-7076-0196-X (Discussion on book is available online on hagalil.com (http://buecher.hagalil.com/czernin/bsa.htm)Maria Mesner (Ed.). Entnazifizierung zwischen politischem Anspruch, Parteienkonkurrenz und KaltemKrieg: Das Beispiel der SPÖ. Oldenbourg Verlag, Vienna, 2005. ISBN 3-486-57815-4Bruno Kreisky, Matthew Paul Berg (Translator), Jill Lewis (Ed.).The Struggle for a Democratic

Austria: Bruno Kreisky on Peace and Social Justice. Berghahn Books, New York, 2000. ISBN 1-57181-155-9

Barbara Kaindl-Widhalm. Demokraten wider Willen? Autoritäre Tendenzen und Antisemitismus in der2. Republik . Verlag für Gesellschaftskritik, Vienna, 1990.Norbert Leser: Zwischen Reformismus und Bolschewismus. Der Austromarxismus in Theorie und Praxis, 1968.Wolfgang Neugebauer. Widerstand und Opposition, in: NS-Herrschaft in Österreich. öbv und hpt,Vienna, 2000. ISBN 3-209-03179-7Peter Pelinka. Eine kurze Geschichte der SPÖ. Ereignisse, Persönlichkeiten, Jahreszahlen.Ueberreuter, Vienna, 2005. ISBN 3-8000-7113-4

xternal linksMedia related to Social Democratic Party of Austria at Wikimedia Commons

(German) Official Website (https://spoe.at/)(English) The Social Democratic Party of Austria (http://www.photoglobe.info/ebooks/austria/cstudies

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_austria_0137.html)(English) AEIOU | Austrian Social Democratic Party (http://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.s/s673001.htm)(German) Encyclopedia of the Viennese SPÖ (http://www.roteswien.at)(German) Linzer Programm (3 November 1926) (http://www.marxists.org/deutsch/geschichte/oesterreich/spoe/1926/linzerprog.htm)(German) Otto Bauer – Austromarxism (http://www.otto-bauer.net)

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egories: Social Democratic Party of Austria Political parties established in 188888 establishments in Austria-Hungary Social democratic parties Political parties in Austria

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Social Democratic Party of Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.pdf